CN206421733U - Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata - Google Patents
Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata Download PDFInfo
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- CN206421733U CN206421733U CN201621196174.0U CN201621196174U CN206421733U CN 206421733 U CN206421733 U CN 206421733U CN 201621196174 U CN201621196174 U CN 201621196174U CN 206421733 U CN206421733 U CN 206421733U
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- casing
- water
- support unit
- tunnel
- pressure
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of tunnel experiment system for passing through karst strata, including casing, simulate casing, support unit, molten chamber analogue means, force application apparatus and detection means, simulation casing is filled in casing, support unit is annular in shape and in simulation casing, molten chamber analogue means includes water bag and hydraulic devices, water bag is located in casing and correspondingly outside support unit, hydraulic devices are that water bag supplies water and adjusts the hydraulic pressure in water bag, it is outer to casing application pressure that force application apparatus is located at casing, detection means is arranged on the outer wall of support unit to measure displacement and the pressure of support unit.The tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata, simulates influence of the molten chamber to tunnel under sound hydraulic condition, and can realize recycling for water by molten chamber analogue means；The constraint of casing rear and front end can effectively eliminate model tunnel excavation boundary effect；Can be with the work progress of simulation tunnel excavation supporting, so that the stress of real simulation tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of tunnel experiment system for passing through karst strata.
Background technology
With a large amount of constructions of highway and railway tunnel, tunnel inevitably passes through karst strata, China's topography and geomorphology
Complexity, the distribution of molten chamber is also extremely complex and is difficult to detect, and high risks are caused safely to tunnel construction, if tunnel design with
Detect unclear in construction, it is improper to punish, necessarily certain difficulty, increase construction risk and punishment are brought to construction when passing through molten chamber
Cost.The presence of molten chamber not only make it that surrounding Rock And Soil is loose and crushes, and also causes load-carrying capacity of surrounding rock reduction, causes tunnel uneven
Even sedimentation, causes deformation and the cracking of tunnel lining structure, meanwhile, the construction of the presence of molten chamber reclaimed water also to tunnel causes great
Potential safety hazard.The stabilization that karst strata is worn in tunnel is presently mainly studied by numerical experimentation and the means of monitoring measurement
Property, and studied by laboratory test it is less, therefore, further investigation pass through karst strata tunnel experiment system have very
Important meaning.
Found by being retrieved to existing technical literature, in only tunnel excavation model test, for the mould of molten chamber
Intend directly using cavity simulation, influence of the hydrostatic pressure and flowing pressure that consideration water is present to tunnel.
Utility model content
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved in the utility model, which is to provide one kind, passes through karst region
The tunnel experiment system of layer, the experimental system can simulate influence of the molten chamber to tunnel under different hydraulic conditions.
To achieve these goals, the utility model is to realize by the following technical solutions：One kind passes through karst region
The tunnel experiment system of layer, including casing, simulation casing, support unit, molten chamber analogue means, force application apparatus and detection dress
Put, the simulation casing is filled in casing, the support unit is annular in shape and in simulation casing, the molten chamber mould
Intending device includes water bag and hydraulic devices, and the water bag is located in casing and correspondingly outside support unit, and the hydraulic devices are
Water bag supplies water and adjusts the hydraulic pressure in water bag, and it is outer to casing application pressure, the detection means that the force application apparatus is located at casing
To measure displacement and the pressure of support unit on the outer wall of support unit.
Further, the hydraulic devices include water tank, water pump, water inlet pipe, return pipe, hydraulic gage and pressure regulator valve, described
Water tank is located at outside casing, and the water in water tank is delivered in water bag by the water pump by water inlet pipe, and the water in the water bag passes through
Return pipe is back to the hydraulic pressure in water tank, the hydraulic gage measurement water bag, and the pressure regulator valve is located on water inlet pipe to adjust water bag
Interior hydraulic pressure.
Further, provided with the skeleton supported in the water bag.
Further, the detection means includes differential displacement sensor and strain-type soil pressure cell, the strain-type
Soil pressure cell is circumferentially distributed on the outer ring of support unit, and the differential displacement sensor is corresponding with strain-type soil pressure cell,
And on strain-type soil pressure cell.
Further, the support unit include coagulation pedosphere and circumference uniformly with the muscles and bones in coagulation pedosphere.
Further, row constraint is entered in the casing rear and front end by diagonal brace and concrete layer respectively.
Further, the force application apparatus includes jack and reaction beam, and the jack pair casing top applies pressure,
The reaction beam is located above jack to bear the counter-force of jack.
Further, the simulation casing is made up of river sand, quartz sand, flyash and machine oil, passes through direct shear test, list
The physical and mechanical parameter of true country rock is obtained to compression test, triaxial compression test and density test, according to the thing of true country rock
Manage mechanics parameter regulation river sand, quartz sand, flyash and machine oil proportioning.
The beneficial effects of the utility model：
1st, the tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata, by molten chamber analogue means, simulates different water
Influence of the molten chamber to tunnel under the conditions of pressure；
2nd, the tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata, the dynamic water hydraulic pressure of simulation, and water can be realized
Recycle；
3rd, the tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata, can be effective by the constraint of casing rear and front end
Elimination model tunnel excavation boundary effect；
4th, the tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata, can be with the construction of simulation tunnel excavation supporting
Journey, so that the stress of real simulation tunnel.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic elevation view for the tunnel experiment system that the utility model passes through karst strata；
Fig. 2 is the schematic side view for the tunnel experiment system that the utility model passes through karst strata；
Fig. 3 is that the utility model simulates molten chamber water bag structural representation；
Fig. 4 is the utility model tunnel perimeter deflection meter and soil pressure cell arrangement schematic diagram；
Reference：
1- casings, 2- simulation casing, 3- support units, the molten chamber analogue means of 4-, 5- force application apparatus, 6- detection means,
7- diagonal braces, 8- concrete structures；
401- water bags, 402- hydraulic devices, 403- skeletons, 411- water tanks, 412- water pumps, 413- water inlet pipes, 414- backwater
Pipe, 415- hydraulic gages, 416- pressure regulator valves, 501- jack, 502- reaction beams, 601- differential displacement sensors, 602- strain
Formula soil pressure cell.
Embodiment
To be easy to understand technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect of the utility model realization, below
With reference to embodiment, the utility model is expanded on further.
As shown in figure 1, the tunnel experiment system of the present utility model for passing through karst strata includes casing 1, simulation casing
2nd, support unit 3, molten chamber analogue means 4, force application apparatus 5 and detection means 6.The principle of this experimental system is：Simulate casing 2
It is cast in casing 1 to simulate real tunnel surrounding layer, support unit 3 is used as supporting member during true tunnel excavation, branch
Tunnel to be dug outside the simulation casing 3 in component 3 is protected, the effect of force application apparatus 5 downloads on casing 1 to apply simulation casing
Pressure, the pressure is used for the deadweight for simulating true casing, and detection means 6 is then used for displacement and the stress for detecting support unit 3
Change, molten chamber of the molten chamber analogue means 4 in simulation casing 3 in the true casing of simulation.By setting molten chamber analogue means
4, influence of the hydrostatic pressure and flowing pressure in the case of molten chamber is present to Tunnel Displacement and stress can be simulated.
Casing 1 be multigroup channel-section steel constitute horse structure, the appearance and size of casing 1 be 5.5m (transverse direction) × 1m (longitudinal direction) ×
Row constraint is entered in 3.5m (height), the rear and front end of casing 1 by diagonal brace 7 and concrete structure 8 respectively, it is ensured that whole model is in plane
Strain regime, the inner surface of casing 1 sticks the thick politef plates of one layer of 1mm to reduce model boundary friction effect.
Simulation casing 2 is filled in casing 1, for simulating the casing outside true tunnel, simulation casing by river sand,
Quartz sand, flyash and machine oil are made after allocating by a certain percentage.Quartz sand be mainly used in regulation simulation casing 2 intensity and
Modulus of elasticity, flyash is used to supplement fine grained, flyash and machine oil with the use of the cohesiveness of adjustable simulated casing 2 and
Internal friction angle.The cohesion of true country rock is obtained by direct shear test, Axial compression tests, triaxial compression test and density test
The physical and mechanical parameters such as power, angle of friction, unit weight, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, specifically：
Direct shear test refers to：The cohesion c of true casing is determined by unconsolidated undrained test.
Axial compression tests refer to：The compression modulus Es of true casing are measured by indoor Axial compression tests instrument, are entered
And obtain simulating the elastic modulus E of casing.
Triaxial compression test refers to：The static lateral pressure coefficient K of true casing is determined by triaxial apparatus0, then basis
Poisson's ratio μ and static lateral pressure coefficient K0Relation：
Calculate Poisson's ratio μ；The mohr circle of stress of true casing under different confined pressures is made by triaxial test, mould is obtained
Intend the angle of friction φ of casing.
Density test refers to：The wet density ρ of each soil layer is measured by core cutter method isodensity test method, and calculates corresponding
Natural density γ.
River sand, quartz sand, flyash and machine oil proportioning are adjusted according to the above-mentioned physical and mechanical parameter of true casing, from
And make the physics parameter of simulation casing identical with true casing.In the present embodiment, each component ratio of casing 2 is simulated
For：River sand：Quartz sand：Flyash：Machine oil=1:1:0.75:0.2.
Support unit 3 is annular in shape and in simulation casing 2, support unit 3 in tunnel excavation from support action, branch
Protect component 3 include coagulation pedosphere and circumference uniformly with the muscles and bones in coagulation pedosphere.The axial direction of support unit 3 and the longitudinal direction of casing 1
Parallel, the rear and front end of support unit 3 is alignd with simulating the rear and front end of casing 2, and the front end of support unit 3 posts transparent
PVC plastic film.Casing within support unit 3 is part to be dug, and is dug up after the country rock layer segment within support unit 3 just
Form tunnel.
Molten chamber analogue means 4 includes water bag 401 and hydraulic devices 402, and water bag 401 is located in casing 1 and correspondingly in supporting
Outside component 3, water bag 401 is to imitate molten chamber, and hydraulic devices 402 are that water bag 401 supplies water and adjusts hydraulic pressure and stream in water bag 401
Speed, so as to simulate influence of the change of molten intracavitary hydraulic pressure and current to tunnel.Hydraulic devices 402 include water tank 411, water pump
412nd, water inlet pipe 413, return pipe 414, hydraulic gage 415 and pressure regulator valve 416, water tank 411 are located at outside casing 1, and water pump 412 is by entering
Water in water tank 411 is delivered in water bag 401 by water pipe 413, and the water in water bag 401 is back to water tank 411 by return pipe 414
So as to form water circulation, hydraulic gage 415 is used to measure the hydraulic pressure in water bag 401, and pressure regulator valve 416 is located on water inlet pipe 413 to adjust
Hydraulic pressure in water-saving bag 401.By molten chamber analogue means, influence of the molten chamber to tunnel under different hydraulic conditions is simulated.In order to more
Plus influence of the molten chamber to tunnel is really simulated, water bag 401 can outwards seep water.
In order to strengthen in the intensity of water bag 401, water bag 401 provided with the skeleton 403 supported.
Detection means 6 is arranged on the outer wall of support unit 3 to measure displacement and the pressure of support unit 3.Specifically include
Differential displacement sensor 601 and strain-type soil pressure cell 602, strain-type soil pressure cell 602 is circumferential to be distributed on support unit 3
On outer ring, differential displacement sensor 601 is corresponded with strain-type soil pressure cell 602, and installed in strain-type soil pressure cell
On 602, strain-type soil pressure cell 602 is to detect the stress on the support unit 3 i.e. stress in tunnel, differential displacement sensor
601 change in displacement to detect support unit 3.
Force application apparatus 5, which is located at outside casing 1, applies pressure to casing 1, and force application apparatus 5 includes jack 501 and reaction beam
502, jack 501 applies pressure to the top of casing 1, deadweight of the pressure that jack applies to imitate true casing, instead
Power beam 502 is located at the top of jack 501 to bear the counter-force of jack 501.In order to buffer the power output of jack 501, casing 1
Top be located at the position of jack 501 and be provided with sleeve pipe, pressing plate and stage clip, the upward branch bulging of stage clip are provided with described sleeve pipe
Plate, the output end of jack 501 is connected with pressing plate, and pressing plate is slidably matched with internal surface of sleeve pipe, when jack 501 is pressed downward pressing plate,
Stage clip enters row buffering to pressing plate, so as to prevent the shock loading of jack 501 from being damaged to casing 1.
The installation method of the experimental system of the present embodiment is：The tunnel location drafted in casing 1 is placed and has been provided with inspection
The support unit 3 of device 6 is surveyed, transparent PVC plastic sheeting is installed in the front end of support unit 3, the molten chamber position drafted in casing 1
Placement location water bag 401 and its skeleton 403 of inside, and water inlet pipe 413, return pipe 414 and hydraulic gage 415 are installed, out of casing 1
Draw water inlet pipe 413 to be connected on water pump 412, return pipe 414 is connected in water tank 411, after said apparatus is installed, then
Simulation casing 2 is buried in casing.
The experimentation of the experimental system of the present embodiment is：(1) hydraulic pressure is loaded to water bag 401 by water pump 412；(2) lead to
The force application apparatus 5 crossed on casing 1 is loaded to simulation casing 2 and tunnel structure；(3) detection means 6 carries out molten chamber presence
Primary stress and initial displacement data collection；(4) using the excavation of slotting instrument simulation tunnel：By in supporting construction 3
Simulation casing 2 is emptied, and forms tunnel；(5) carried out by the force application apparatus 5 on casing 1 to simulation casing 2 and tunnel structure
Loading；(6) detection means 6 carries out the collection of stress and displacement data after tunnelling and tunnel shaping.
General principle of the present utility model and principal character and advantage of the present utility model has been shown and described above, for
For those skilled in the art, it is clear that the utility model is not limited to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and without departing substantially from this
In the case of the spirit or essential attributes of utility model, the utility model can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, embodiment all should be regarded as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present utility model is by institute
Attached claim rather than described above are limited, it is intended that will fall in the implication and scope of the equivalency of claim
All changes are included in the utility model.
Moreover, it will be appreciated that although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only that for clarity, those skilled in the art should
Using specification as an entirety, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
It may be appreciated other embodiment.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tunnel experiment system for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：Including casing, simulation casing, support unit,
Molten chamber analogue means, force application apparatus and detection means, the simulation casing are filled in casing, and the support unit is annular in shape
And in simulation casing, the molten chamber analogue means includes water bag and hydraulic devices, the water bag is located in casing and right
Should be outside support unit, the hydraulic devices are that water bag supplies water and adjusts the hydraulic pressure in water bag, and the force application apparatus is located at casing
Outer to apply pressure to casing, the detection means is arranged on the outer wall of support unit to measure displacement and the pressure of support unit
Power；The hydraulic devices include water tank, water pump, water inlet pipe, return pipe, hydraulic gage and pressure regulator valve, and the water tank is located at outside casing,
Water in water tank is delivered in water bag by the water pump by water inlet pipe, and the water in the water bag is back to water by return pipe
Hydraulic pressure in case, the hydraulic gage measurement water bag, the pressure regulator valve is located on water inlet pipe to adjust the hydraulic pressure in water bag.
2. the tunnel experiment system according to claim 1 for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：It is provided with the water bag
The skeleton supported.
3. the tunnel experiment system according to claim 1 for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：The detection means bag
Differential displacement sensor and strain-type soil pressure cell are included, the strain-type soil pressure cell is circumferentially distributed on the outer ring of support unit
On, the differential displacement sensor is corresponding with strain-type soil pressure cell, and on strain-type soil pressure cell.
4. the tunnel experiment system according to claim 1 for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：The support unit bag
Include coagulation pedosphere and it is circumferential uniformly with the muscles and bones in coagulation pedosphere.
5. the tunnel experiment system according to claim 1 for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：Two before and after the casing
Row constraint is entered in end by diagonal brace and concrete layer respectively.
6. the tunnel experiment system according to claim 1 for passing through karst strata, it is characterised in that：The force application apparatus bag
Jack and reaction beam are included, the jack pair casing top applies pressure, and the reaction beam is located above jack to bear
The counter-force of jack.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621196174.0U CN206421733U (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2016-10-28 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621196174.0U CN206421733U (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2016-10-28 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN206421733U true CN206421733U (en) | 2017-08-18 |
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| CN201621196174.0U Expired - Fee Related CN206421733U (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2016-10-28 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106504630A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-15 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
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- 2016-10-28 CN CN201621196174.0U patent/CN206421733U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106504630A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-15 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20170818 Termination date: 20201028 |