CN206332610U - Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN206332610U CN206332610U CN201621466111.2U CN201621466111U CN206332610U CN 206332610 U CN206332610 U CN 206332610U CN 201621466111 U CN201621466111 U CN 201621466111U CN 206332610 U CN206332610 U CN 206332610U
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Abstract
The utility model is related to technical field of new energy, discloses a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit.It includes：Bus capacitor, tie point and the second branch road；Tie point and the second branch road are all connected to the two ends of bus capacitor, and the discharge loop of bus capacitor is formed with during the conducting of the second branch road；Tie point is connected to vehicle-mounted drive control device, and the break-make of tie point is associated with the output state of vehicle-mounted drive control device；The break-make of second branch road is controlled by the break-make of tie point；Wherein, vehicle-mounted drive control device output discharge signal or during without output, tie point disconnects；When tie point disconnects, the conducting of the second branch road；When tie point is turned on, the second branch road disconnects.The capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment makes vehicle-mounted drive control device use identical discharge loop in active and passive electric discharge, and discharge time is consistent, improves the security of vehicle-mounted drive control device, while can also simplify design, save cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to technical field of new energy, more particularly to vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit.
Background technology
Current new-energy automobile is quickly grown, and vehicle-mounted drive control device is the important component of new-energy automobile, vehicle-mounted
Drive control device mainly has two kinds of power supplys to power simultaneously：A kind of is 12V or 24V A-battery electric power system, is vehicle-mounted driving
Controller provides control power supply；A kind of is 300V-750V high-tension battery electric power system, and power is provided for vehicle-mounted drive control device
Power supply.In order to reduce the interference of the fluctuation and power supply of power voltage to driver, bus capacitor can be increased in both ends of power, when dynamic
During power power cut-off, because the presence of bus capacitor, busbar voltage will not be reduced to below safe voltage quickly, during this decline
Between generally require 10~20 minutes.If not designing the electricity that repid discharge is carried out for bus capacitor in vehicle-mounted driver
Road, when driver is debugged and is repaired, the remaining voltage of bus capacitor needs to wait long time ability after a loss of power
Release and finish, waste the time of debugging and maintenance, reduce efficiency of research and development, extend the construction cycle, if while do not released
Finish and operated, it is also possible to the danger got an electric shock.
Inventor of the present utility model has found during the utility model is realized：At present on vehicle-mounted drive control device
The scheme actively and passively discharged of bus capacitor is seldom, and existing discharge scheme active discharge and passive electric discharge are using difference
Discharge loop, and passive discharge scheme discharge time is long.This is vehicle-mounted drive control device is using safety and safeguards safety belt
Carry out hidden danger.
Utility model content
The purpose of the utility model embodiment is to provide a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit, is made vehicle-mounted
Drive control device uses identical discharge loop in active and passive electric discharge, and discharge time is consistent, improves vehicle-mounted drive control
The security of device, while design can also be simplified, cost is saved.
In order to solve the above technical problems, embodiment of the present utility model is put there is provided a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device electric capacity
Circuit, including：Bus capacitor, tie point and the second branch road；The tie point and second branch road are all connected to institute
The two ends of bus capacitor are stated, and the discharge loop of the bus capacitor is formed with during second branch road conducting；Described first
Road is connected to the vehicle-mounted drive control device, and the tie point break-make in response to the vehicle-mounted drive control device output
State；The break-make of second branch road is controlled by the break-make of the tie point；Wherein, the vehicle-mounted drive control device output is put
Electric signal or during without output, the tie point disconnects；When the tie point disconnects, the second branch road conducting；It is described
When tie point is turned on, second branch road disconnects.
In terms of existing technologies, vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit includes the utility model embodiment：
Bus capacitor, tie point and the second branch road.Wherein, tie point and the second branch road are all connected to the two ends of bus capacitor, and
Second branch road is formed with the discharge loop of bus capacitor when turning on.Tie point is connected to vehicle-mounted drive control device, and first
The break-make on road is in response to the output state of vehicle-mounted drive control device, and the break-make of the second branch road is controlled by the break-make of tie point.Its
In, when vehicle-mounted drive control device exports discharge signal (active discharge for corresponding to bus capacitor) or (corresponds to mother without output
The passive electric discharge of line capacitance) when, tie point disconnects so that the second branch road is turned on, so as to be formed with bus in the second branch road
The discharge loop of electric capacity, bus capacitor electric discharge.Therefore, the active discharge of bus capacitor and passive electric discharge are using same electric discharge electricity
Road is discharged, and discharge time is identical, so that security when improving the debugging and maintenance of vehicle-mounted drive control device, also, can be with
Simplify design, save cost.
In addition, the tie point includes：Power resistor and the first electronic switch；The vehicle-mounted drive control device is connected to
The control end of first electronic switch, the first end of the power resistor is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, described
Second end of power resistor is connected to the first end of first electronic switch；Second end of first electronic switch is connected to
Second end of the bus capacitor；The first end of first electronic switch is also attached to second branch road.So as to provide
The implementation of tie point.
In addition, the capacitor discharging circuit also includes being connected to the vehicle-mounted drive control device and first electronics
The optocoupler of the control end of switch；The optocoupler is used to control described first in the vehicle-mounted drive control device output discharge signal
Branch road disconnects.
In addition, first electronic switch is additionally operable to disconnect when the optocoupler is without output.
In addition, the capacitor discharging circuit also includes the be connected between the vehicle-mounted drive control device and the optocoupler
One voltage-regulator diode.First voltage-regulator diode is for preventing in drive control device normal work, and discharge signal is dry by outside
Disturbing causes optocoupler to mislead, and causes discharge loop misoperation, it is to avoid produce potential safety hazard.
In addition, the tie point also includes protection diode；The protection diode is serially connected with the optocoupler and described
Between second end of bus capacitor.When the conducting of the second branch road, when bus capacitor starts electric discharge, protection diode can play protection
Effect, prevents that the discharge current of the second branch road from pouring in down a chimney and optocoupler is caused to damage, optocoupler is damaged.
In addition, second branch road includes：Power resistor, discharge resistance, the second electronic switch and divider resistance；It is described to put
The first end of resistance is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the discharge resistance is connected to second electricity
The first end of sub switch；The first end of the power resistor is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, the power resistor
Second end is connected to the first end of first electronic switch and the first end of the divider resistance, the second of the divider resistance
End is connected to the second end of the bus capacitor；The first end of the divider resistance is also attached to the control of second electronic switch
End processed, the second end of second electronic switch is connected to the second end of the bus capacitor.When the first electronic switch disconnects,
Voltage on bus capacitor, power resistor and divider resistance formation conducting loop, divider resistance controls the conducting of the second electronic switch,
Now, bus capacitor, discharge resistance and the second electronic switch formation discharge loop.Thus, provided for the second branch road a kind of real
Existing mode.
In addition, the discharge resistance is thermistor, and the impedance of the thermistor increases with the rise of temperature.By
In thermistor resistance as temperature rise can increase rapidly, therefore when can be prevented effectively from drive control device normal work, by
The driver operation irregularity that misleads and cause in capacitor discharging circuit, a large amount of electric energy are consumed and are damaged with discharge resistance.
In addition, the capacitor discharging circuit also includes the second voltage-regulator diode；Second voltage-regulator diode is parallel to institute
State divider resistance.Second voltage-regulator diode is used for the voltage range for turning on voltage clamp in the second electronic switch, so as to ensure
Second branch road stable discharging.
In addition, the optocoupler is isolation optocoupler.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart according to the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of the utility model first embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of the utility model second embodiment
Figure；
Fig. 3 is shown according to the workflow of the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of the utility model second embodiment
It is intended to.
Embodiment
It is new to this practicality below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer
Each embodiment of type is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each in the utility model
In embodiment, in order that reader more fully understands the application and proposes many ins and outs.But, even if without these skills
Art details and many variations based on following embodiment and modification, can also realize the application technical side claimed
Case.
First embodiment of the present utility model is related to a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit, its concrete structure
As shown in Figure 1.The vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment for example can apply to New-energy electric vehicle
Drive control device electric discharge.
Specifically, as shown in figure 1, the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment includes：Bus capacitor
1st, the branch road 3 of tie point 2 and second.The branch road 3 of tie point 2 and second is all connected to the two ends of bus capacitor 1, and the second branch road
The discharge loop of bus capacitor 1 is formed with during 3 conducting.Tie point 2 is connected to vehicle-mounted drive control device 1, and tie point 2
Output state of the break-make in response to vehicle-mounted drive control device 4.The break-make of second branch road 3 is then controlled by the break-make of tie point 2.
Wherein, vehicle-mounted drive control device 4 output discharge signal or during without output, tie point 2 disconnects, now, and second
Branch road 3 is turned on.And during normal vehicle operation, vehicle-mounted drive control device output such as high level is used as control signal, now, first
Branch road 2 is turned on, and the second branch road 2 is formed with the first conducting loop of bus capacitor, bus capacitor is played the vehicle-mounted driving control of reduction
Effect of the power voltage pulsation and power supply of device processed to the interference of driver.
In present embodiment, when the electrical source of power of vehicle-mounted drive control device is closed, and the control of vehicle-mounted drive control device
When power supply is not turned off, vehicle break-off is represented, now, vehicle-mounted drive control device sends discharge signal, and control tie point is broken
Open, the second branch road conducting so that high pressure is released by the discharge loop in the second branch road on bus capacitor, it is to avoid bring accident
Danger.This kind of discharge mode is active discharge.When passive electric discharge, i.e., the electrical source of power of vehicle-mounted drive control device and control
When power supply is turned off, now, vehicle-mounted drive control device is disconnected without output, and tie point, and the second branch road conducting, bus capacitor is put
Electricity.As can be seen here, present embodiment is by tie point no matter in bus capacitor active discharge or passive electric discharge
The conducting of the second branch road of control is disconnected to realize electric discharge.Therefore, in present embodiment, discharge loop is identical, discharge time phase
Together.
Therefore, the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment can be realized using identical discharge loop
The active discharge of bus capacitor and passive electric discharge.Also, because active discharge and passive electric discharge use identical discharge loop, put
The electric time is identical, it is possible to improve security when vehicle-mounted drive control device debugging, maintenance.Therefore, present embodiment has
It is safe and reliable, the characteristics of cost is low, debugging, the maintenance time of vehicle can also be shortened, be conducive to shortening the research and development week of vehicle
Phase, lift product competitiveness.
Second embodiment of the present utility model is related to a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit.Second embodiment party
Formula further provides the specific implementation of capacitor discharging circuit.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 the vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment includes：
First voltage-regulator diode D1, optocoupler U1, bus capacitor C4 (i.e. bus capacitor 1 in Fig. 1), tie point and second
Branch road.Wherein, the first voltage-regulator diode D1 is connected between vehicle-mounted drive control device and optocoupler U1.Optocoupler U1 is used to drive vehicle-mounted
Movement controller exports discharge signal or disconnected without control tie point when exporting, and optocoupler U1 is additionally operable in vehicle-mounted drive control device
Tie point conducting is controlled during normal work.Tie point includes：Power resistor (i.e. R7, R8 ... Rn etc.), the first electronic cutting
Close Q1 and protection diode D2.The output end of vehicle-mounted drive control device is connected to optocoupler U1 input, optocoupler U1 output end
It is connected to the first electronic switch Q1 control end.The first end of power resistor is connected to bus capacitor C4 first end, power electricity
Second end of resistance is connected to the first electronic switch Q1 first end, and the first electronic switch Q1 the second end is connected to bus capacitor C4
The second end.Protection diode D2 is connected between optocoupler U1 and bus capacitor C4 the second end.Wherein, the first electronic switch Q1
For triode.When Q1 first end and the second end are turned on, bus capacitor C4, power resistor, the first electronic switch Q1 formation the
One conducting loop.
In present embodiment, the second branch road includes：Power resistor (i.e. R7, R8 ... Rn etc.), discharge resistance R4, the second electricity
Sub switch Q2, resistance R5 and divider resistance R6.Discharge resistance R4 first end is connected to bus capacitor C4 first end, electric discharge
Resistance R4 the second end is connected to the second electronic switch Q2 first end.The first end of power resistor is connected to bus capacitor C4's
First end, the second end of power resistor is connected to the first electronic switch Q1 first end and divider resistance R6 first end, partial pressure
Resistance R6 the second end is connected to bus capacitor C4 the second end.Divider resistance R6 first end is also attached to the second electronic switch
Q2 control end, the second electronic switch Q2 the second end is connected to bus capacitor C4 the second end.Wherein, the second branch road also includes
Second voltage-regulator diode D3, the second voltage-regulator diode D3 is parallel to divider resistance R6, and resistance R5 two ends are connected to partial pressure
Resistance R6 first end and the second end of power resistor, meanwhile, resistance R5 is also attached to the first electronic switch Q1 first end.Its
In, the second electronic switch Q2 is triode.
In present embodiment, when the first electronic switch Q1 disconnects, bus capacitor C4, power resistor, resistance R5, partial pressure electricity
Hinder R6 formation second and turn on loop, now, divider resistance R6 can provide control voltage for the second electronic switch Q2 so that Q2's
First end and the conducting of the second end, so that bus capacitor C4, discharge resistance R4, Q2 formation the 3rd turn on loop and (discharged back
Road).When the conducting of the second branch road, when bus capacitor starts electric discharge, protection diode D2 can prevent the discharge current of the second branch road
Pour in down a chimney and damage is caused to optocoupler, so as to be played a protective role to optocoupler.
The output end of vehicle-mounted drive control device is connected to optocoupler U1 input by the first voltage-regulator diode D1, optocoupler
Output end is connected to the first electronic switch Q1 control end by resistance R2, and resistance R3 and electric capacity C2 are then parallel to the first electronic cutting
Between control end and the second end of closing Q1, resistance R1 and electric capacity C1 are then parallel between optocoupler U1 input and ground.This implementation
In mode, the first voltage-regulator diode D1 is used to prevent in vehicle-mounted drive control device normal work, and discharge signal is dry by outside
Disturbing causes optocoupler U1 to mislead, and causes discharge loop misoperation, it is to avoid produce potential safety hazard.It is noted that electric capacity discharges
Optocoupler in circuit can be using the isolation optocoupler that high level is exported when being not turned on, and when controlling power supply all off, optocoupler is defeated
Go out low level, it is hereby ensured that active discharge is identical with the control logic passively discharged, so as to be discharged back using same
Discharged on road.
Fig. 3 is the control block diagram of the capacitor discharging circuit of present embodiment, in conjunction with the electricity of Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to present embodiment
The course of work of discharge capacitor circuit is described as follows：
1st, during vehicle-mounted drive control device normal work, vehicle-mounted drive control device (such as control in vehicle-mounted drive control device
Chip) output normal work signal, control the optocoupler in capacitor discharging circuit to remain at off state, the high electricity of optocoupler output
It is flat, the first electronic switch Q1 conductings, voltage (i.e. busbar voltage) the process power resistor (R7, R8 ... Rn) of bus capacitor, Q1,
First conducting loop of D2 formation.Because power resistor resistance value ratio is larger, now the electric current in the first conducting loop can be controlled
Below two milliamperes, therefore the power of electric capacity discharge loop consumption can be ignored.
2nd, when the electrical source of power (i.e. high voltage power supply) of vehicle-mounted drive control device is closed, it is necessary to be led to bus capacitor C4
Dynamic electric discharge.Now, control chip sends active discharge signal, turns on the optocoupler in capacitor discharging circuit, and now optocoupler is exported
Low level, the first electronic switch Q1 shut-offs, busbar voltage on bus capacitor now through power resistor (R7, R8 ... Rn), R5,
One second conducting loop of R6 formation, R6 provides control voltage for the second electronic switch Q2 with power resistor partial pressure, leads it
Logical, D3 is the second voltage-regulator diode, its voltage range for turning on the second electronic switch Q2 control voltage clamp in Q2.Q2 is led
After logical, form the 3rd and turn on loop, because discharge resistance R4 resistance is much smaller than power resistor, so the high pressure in bus capacitor
Discharge resistance R4, Q2 can be run through to be discharged.
3rd, when high voltage power supply and all off control power supply of vehicle-mounted drive control device, now in capacitor discharging circuit
Optocoupler turn off and export low level, correspondingly, the first electronic switch Q1 shut-off, the voltage of bus capacitor is now through power resistor
One second conducting loop of (R7, R8 ... Rn), R5, R6 formation, divider resistance R6 and power resistor partial pressure, make the second electronic cutting
Q2 conductings are closed, D3 is the second voltage-regulator diode, the voltage range that the voltage clamp on the second electronic switch Q2 is turned in Q2.Q2
After conducting, form the 3rd and turn on loop, because discharge resistance R4 resistance is much smaller than power resistor, so the height in bus capacitor
Pressure can run through discharge loop R4, Q2 and be discharged.
Therefore, under the different output states of control chip (high level, low level or without output), optocoupler can ring
The first electronic switch should be controlled to be switched on or off, so as to control bus electric capacity normal work or put in various output states
Electricity.
It is noted that the discharge resistance in present embodiment uses semistor, its resistance can
Increase rapidly with the rise of temperature.So as to which when can be prevented effectively from normal work, discharge circuit misleads, and causes driver work
Make abnormal, a large amount of electric energy of consumption and damage discharge resistance etc..
Present embodiment uses isolation optocoupler, and make it that isolation optocoupler exports low level and during without output in control chip,
Low level is exported, so as to control the first electronic switch to disconnect, and then the active discharge of bus capacitor and passive electric discharge is realized.By
It is identical with the control logic passively discharged in active discharge, it is possible to simplify circuit, it is general that reduction discharge circuit misleading passes through
Rate.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize specific implementation of the present utility model
Example, and in actual applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from spirit of the present utility model
And scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit, it is characterised in that including：Bus capacitor, tie point and second
Branch road；
The tie point and second branch road are all connected to the two ends of the bus capacitor, and during second branch road conducting
It is formed with the discharge loop of the bus capacitor；
The tie point is connected to the vehicle-mounted drive control device, and the break-make of the tie point vehicle-mounted is driven in response to described
The output state of movement controller；The break-make of second branch road is controlled by the break-make of the tie point；
Wherein, the vehicle-mounted drive control device output discharge signal or during without output, the tie point disconnects；Described first
When branch road disconnects, the second branch road conducting；During the tie point conducting, second branch road disconnects.
2. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The tie point includes：Power resistor and the first electronic switch；
The vehicle-mounted drive control device is connected to the control end of first electronic switch, the first end connection of the power resistor
In the first end of the bus capacitor, the second end of the power resistor is connected to the first end of first electronic switch；Institute
The second end for stating the first electronic switch is connected to the second end of the bus capacitor；The first end of first electronic switch also connects
It is connected to second branch road.
3. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The capacitor discharging circuit also includes the control for being connected to the vehicle-mounted drive control device and first electronic switch
The optocoupler at end processed；
The optocoupler is used to control the tie point to disconnect in the vehicle-mounted drive control device output discharge signal.
4. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
First electronic switch is additionally operable to disconnect when the optocoupler is without output.
5. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the electric capacity electric discharge electricity
Road also includes the first voltage-regulator diode being connected between the vehicle-mounted drive control device and the optocoupler.
6. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The tie point also includes protection diode；
The protection diode is serially connected between the optocoupler and the second end of the bus capacitor.
7. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Second branch road includes：Power resistor, discharge resistance, the second electronic switch and divider resistance；
The first end of the discharge resistance is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the discharge resistance is connected to
The first end of second electronic switch；
The first end of the power resistor is connected to the first end of the bus capacitor, and the second end of the power resistor is connected to
The first end of first electronic switch and the first end of the divider resistance, the second end of the divider resistance are connected to described
Second end of bus capacitor；
The first end of the divider resistance is also attached to the control end of second electronic switch, the of second electronic switch
Two ends are connected to the second end of the bus capacitor.
8. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
The discharge resistance is thermistor, and the impedance of the thermistor increases with the rise of temperature.
9. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
The capacitor discharging circuit also includes the second voltage-regulator diode；
Second voltage-regulator diode is parallel to the divider resistance.
10. vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the optocoupler be every
From optocoupler.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621466111.2U CN206332610U (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201621466111.2U CN206332610U (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit |
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| CN206332610U true CN206332610U (en) | 2017-07-14 |
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| CN201621466111.2U Active CN206332610U (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106787657A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 上海新时达电气股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit |
| CN108429444A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-21 | 精进电动科技股份有限公司 | A kind of electric machine controller charge/discharge control circuit |
| CN108988622A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-11 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Active discharge control circuit and automobile |
| CN110492459A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-22 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage discharge method, device and motor |
-
2016
- 2016-12-29 CN CN201621466111.2U patent/CN206332610U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106787657A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 上海新时达电气股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted drive control device capacitor discharging circuit |
| CN108429444A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-08-21 | 精进电动科技股份有限公司 | A kind of electric machine controller charge/discharge control circuit |
| CN110492459A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2019-11-22 | 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage discharge method, device and motor |
| CN108988622A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-11 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Active discharge control circuit and automobile |
| CN108988622B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-11-12 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | Active discharge control circuit and automobile |
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