CN206282894U - Antenna battery module - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of antenna battery module, including a battery unit and an antenna element, battery unit has a collector substrate, a circuit substrate, electro-chemical systems layer and a glue frame, electro-chemical systems layer is sealed in collector substrate, circuit substrate and glue frame, antenna element is arranged on the circuit substrate, and antenna element is surrounded on battery unit on orthographic projection direction.Whereby, battery unit of the present utility model can closely be laid out with antenna element, effectively to reduce the area of circuit substrate.

Description

Antenna battery module

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of battery module, the particularly antenna by induction antenna and battery integration on circuit boards Battery module.

Background technology

Due to the change of consumption pattern, consumer increasingly likes using plastic money, as long as go out carrying one with oneself Credit card, just can save with will be with want the puzzlement of small change after a large amount of banknotes and consumption, particularly induction type is swung in recent years Trip is stuck in more to be popularized using upper, bus, seat rapid transit, parking and convenience store shopping is taken such as and all be can be used, during checkout not As long as need to sign by the short distance wireless communication technology（Near Field Communication, NFC）Just can be paid the bill, but Also because the convenience of credit card causes have what is heard when stealing brush event, if particularly EasyCard is stolen brush, user after losing Even more ask and repay without door.

To solve the above problems, such as U.S. Patent Publication No. be No. 2014/0279555A1 i.e. disclose it is various can be dynamic The smart card of safety code is generated, with one group of button user can be allowed to be input into, powered to a microprocessor by built-in battery Dynamic generation safety code, and the numerical monitor that operation result or user are input into, in an embedded screen, above-mentioned electric power is supplied Should originate and be from an embedded battery, finally the download of data can be carried out by radio-frequency antenna or go out signal transmission Go, such as user can periodically receive one by mobile phone has ageing safety code, first by safety code before transaction is carried out It is set in smart card, and the safety code for setting is sent to mandate card sending mechanism or payment system when swiping the card, in checking Errorless just transaction is set up, and can allow smart card that balance is obtained between convenience and security by such mechanism.

But, U.S. Patent Publication No. is that No. 2014/0279555A1 each component units are respective independence, such as Fig. 1 Shown, smart card 200 includes control unit 202, battery unit 204, mnemon 206, display unit 208, antenna 210, presses The grade component of key group 212, then connected one by one by plain conductor, there is the consideration of its thickness in design in itself due to card, Therefore, do not allow have interleaving stack between each component, therefore to be configured that the space of battery is extremely limited, also built-in electricity Even if pond does not use electric power can also be caused to cross and to be put and caused that battery cannot row electric power storage again because of the relation of self-discharge of battery.

In addition, in order to realize highway toll E-payment system（ETC, Electronic Toll Collection System）, there is dealer to release the transportation card of built-in battery, its construction is as shown in Fig. 2 have first antenna 210 Pass cost can be carried out as signal receiver to withhold, the charge coil that opposite side has the second antenna 220 and can make battery is used, by It is provided separately in two antennas, this will cause that originally just very narrow configuring area becomes smaller, cause second day Line 220 will reduce its charge efficiency because being electromagnetically shielded effect.Therefore, how to be designed simultaneously in limited board area There are energy-storage battery high and high recharge efficiency antenna, to increase power supply efficiency and charge efficiency an actually important problem.

Utility model content

In view of above-mentioned problem, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of antenna battery module, can be by antenna list Unit, battery unit and other electronic building bricks are concentrated in a circuit substrate, are overcome on circuit substrate because crossing the setting of multicompartment And cause board area excessive or the blocked up problem of thickness.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of antenna battery module, by directly by the active material of battery unit Layer is formed on circuit substrate, therefore, circuit substrate can directly for current collection is used, to reduce between battery unit and circuit substrate Resistance, while also using circuit substrate as the encapsulation of battery unit a part, it is possible to provide it is good block water, the envelope of choke Dress effect.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of antenna battery module, and antenna element can be centered around battery unit by it Orthographic projection direction on, and antenna element and battery unit at least partly patch is neat on orthographic projection direction, paste neat, local weight completely Fold or do not overlap completely, under the premise of nonoverlapping, the spacing on orthographic projection direction is or not wherein antenna element and battery unit The wired charge efficiency close to 100% can be then obtained less than 5 centimetres.

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of antenna battery module, its by modular design, to integrate day Line unit, battery unit and other electronic building bricks, to reduce exploitation electronic application product（For example：Smart card）Complexity.

Therefore, to reach above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a kind of antenna battery module, and it includes a battery unit And an antenna element, battery unit has a collector substrate, a circuit substrate, electro-chemical systems layer and a glue frame, electrochemistry System layer is sealed in collector substrate, circuit substrate and glue frame, and antenna element is arranged at the circuit substrate.Whereby, this practicality is new The battery unit of type can closely be laid out with antenna element, effectively to reduce the area of circuit substrate.Antenna element then sets Put and be set around battery unit in layout areas and orthographic projection.

Wherein, electro-chemical systems layer includes：

Two active material layers, active material layer is formed directly into the collector substrate and is electrically connected with therewith, separately One active material layer is then formed directly into the circuit substrate and is electrically connected with therewith；

One separation layer, is located in these active material layers；And

One electrolyte, is scattered in these active material layers and the separation layer.

Wherein, the circuit substrate also has two circuit surfaces, then the battery unit and the antenna element are located at are somebody's turn to do respectively Same circuit surface of circuit substrate or different these circuit surfaces.

Wherein, the antenna element is surrounded on the battery unit, and the antenna element and the battery list on orthographic projection direction Unit at least partly pastes on orthographic projection direction and pastes neat, local overlap together, completely or do not overlap completely.

Wherein, after the circuit substrate is bent, orthographic projection ground is around the battery unit, and the antenna list for the antenna element Unit and the battery unit at least partly paste on orthographic projection direction and paste neat, local overlap together, completely or do not overlap completely.

Wherein, the antenna element is more closely surrounded in the battery unit on orthographic projection direction, and the antenna element and should Battery unit at least partly pastes on orthographic projection direction and pastes neat, local overlap together, completely or do not overlap completely.

Wherein, the battery unit has two conductive parts and the antenna element has two tie points.

Wherein, each conductive part and each tie point are electrically connected with by a wire, and the wire be located at the antenna element or It is embedded in the circuit substrate.

Wherein, the corresponding tie point of at least one conductive part is integrated into single end points.

Wherein, the width of the wire is not more than 150 microns.

Wherein, the collector substrate is single-sided circuit board or double-sided PCB, and the antenna element is arranged at the current collection simultaneously Substrate and the circuit substrate.

According to a kind of antenna battery module provided by the utility model, because antenna element is compassingly set at battery list Unit, and it is seen with orthographic projection direction, antenna element can at least partly be pasted with battery unit and paste neat, local Chong Die or complete together, completely Complete nonoverlapping layout, therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the area of circuit substrate, additionally, when circuit substrate is double-sided circuit substrate When, other electronic building bricks can be more laid out on the circuit substrate surface corresponding with battery unit, therefore, electricity can not amplified On the premise of base board, effectively to integrate the electronic building brick on battery unit and circuit substrate.In addition, in order to be electrically connected with day Line unit, battery unit and other electronic building bricks, the metallic signal lines that can be more etched on circuit substrate to be electrically connected with All component is stated, while more passing through this little metallic signal lines to be electrically connected with the control unit of outside（For example：Integrated circuit, fill Electrical circuit, wireless signal processor, display unit etc.）, to obtain the balance of optimization between capacitance and antenna performance.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the smart card of prior art.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the transportation card of prior art.

Fig. 2A is the structural representation of antenna battery module of the present utility model.

Fig. 2 B are the schematic cross-section of Fig. 2A.

Illustrate in the section that Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B, Fig. 3 C and Fig. 3 D are respectively the embodiment of antenna battery module of the present utility model Figure.

Fig. 4 is the schematic cross-section that antenna battery module of the present utility model is connected with electronic building brick.

Fig. 5 is antenna battery module application of the present utility model in the decomposing schematic representation of smart card.

Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B are respectively antenna battery module application of the present utility model and show in the positive and negative of another smart card It is intended to.

Description of reference numerals

200 smart cards

202 control units

204 battery units

206 mnemons

208 display units

210 antennas

212 button groups

210 first antennas

220 second antennas

1 antenna battery module

14 battery units

142 collector substrates

144 circuit substrates

146 electro-chemical systems layer

148 glue frames

16 antenna elements

18 electronic building bricks

2 smart cards

222 upper surfaces

224 lower surfaces

242 key circuits

244 buttons

262nd, 264 metal header

28 mainboards

A1 circuit layers

A2 circuit layers

C1, C2 tie point

D spacing

M display units

T1, T2 conductive part.

Specific embodiment

The utility model will provide a kind of multiple implementation methods of antenna battery module.Chat in detail in the following embodiments Technical characteristic of the present utility model and advantage are stated, its content is enough to make skilled in the art realises that technology of the present utility model Content is simultaneously implemented according to this, and content, claims and the accompanying drawing provided according to this specification, and those skilled in the art can be light Change places and understand the purpose and advantage of the utility model correlation.

Please refer to shown in Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B, wherein Fig. 2A is the structural representation of antenna battery module of the present utility model Figure, Fig. 2 B are the schematic cross-section of Fig. 2A.

Antenna battery module 1 includes a battery unit 14 and an antenna element 16, and wherein battery unit 14 has a current collection Substrate 142, a circuit substrate 144, electro-chemical systems layer 146 and a glue frame 148, electro-chemical systems layer 146 and collector substrate 142 and circuit substrate 144 be electrically connected with, and electro-chemical systems layer 146 with glue frame 148 current collection base is located on orthographic projection direction Plate 142 and circuit substrate 144, make electro-chemical systems layer 146 be sealed in collector substrate 142, circuit substrate 144 and glue frame 148. It is seen on orthographic projection direction, the antenna element 16 of the present embodiment is closely surrounded in battery unit 14, and antenna element 16 and electricity Pool unit 14 is not overlapped fully up in orthographic projection side.But, in other embodiments, antenna element 16 is with battery unit 14 just On projecting direction in addition to the above-mentioned kenel for closely surrounding, or it is more untight around（Antenna element 16 and battery list There is larger spacing between unit 14）, or antenna element 16 and battery unit 14 can be caused after circuit substrate 144 is bent It is presented tight or more untight around kenel on orthographic projection direction.

In addition, battery unit 14 has two conductive parts T1 and T2, antenna element 16 with two tie points C1 and C2, and Each conductive part T1, T2 can be electrically connected with corresponding tie point C1, C2 by wire, for example, connection and conductive part The wire of T1, T2 and tie point C1, C2（Figure does not show）Antenna element 16 can be crossed on, to reduce the interference of galvanomagnetic-effect, across The conductor width for being located at antenna element 16 is not more than 150 microns, in addition it is also possible to the mode of design of sunkening cord is embedded in circuit substrate In 144, under this kenel, except can also may be used to retain conductive part T1, T2 and tie point C1, C2 on the surface of circuit substrate The corresponding tie point of an at least conductive part is integrated into single end points to simplify layout designs on circuit substrate 144, and is subtracted The area of few circuit substrate 144.

Collector substrate 142 is in addition to can be for general metal current collector layer, or circuit board, therefore works as collector substrate 142 for circuit board kenel when, it can be single-sided circuit board or double in actual application with design such as circuit substrate 144 Face circuit board, by taking circuit substrate 144 as an example, has two circuit layers A1, A2, electricity when circuit substrate 144 is double-sided PCB Pool unit 14 can be located on identical circuit layer A1 respectively with antenna element 16, and as shown in Figure 2 B, it includes position to cross section structure Battery unit 14 and antenna element 16 on same circuits layer A1；Battery unit 14 and antenna element 16 are then disclosed in figure 3 a The kenel on different circuit layer A1, A2 of circuit substrate 144 is located at respectively；Or under specific demand, also can be such as Fig. 3 B, figure Shown in 3C and Fig. 3 D, these embodiments show two antenna elements 16 and an electricity for being located at different circuit layer A1, A2 respectively The layout designs of pool unit 14, an antenna element 16 and two layouts of the battery unit 14 for being located at different circuit layer A1, A2 Design and two antenna elements 16 for being located at different circuit layer A1, A2 and two batteries for being located at different circuit layer A1, A2 respectively The design of unit 14.

In addition, in embodiment as shown in Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B, to be laid out in the lump in circuit base when there is other electronic building bricks 18 When on plate 144, in the present embodiment can by being laid out on the circuit layer A1 or A2 different from battery unit 14, that is, with electricity The kenel that pool unit 14 is correspondingly arranged carries out the layout of circuit, wherein described electronic building brick 18 can be such as, but not limited to button Module, display module or other any electronic component modules.

Refer again to shown in Fig. 4, the antenna element 16 in this embodiment on orthographic projection direction around battery unit 14, But antenna element 16 around region in, except including can also remain with and be available for it in addition to the area of set battery unit 14 His electronic building brick 18 or another battery unit（Figure does not show）Space, therefore when electronic building brick 18 or another battery unit will enter During row layout, can be arranged on it is on the identical circuit layer of battery unit 14 and each to determine according to the characteristic of electronic building brick 18 Necessary spacing between module and battery unit 14, antenna element 16, to avoid electromagnetic shielding effects its electrical performance.

Wherein, circuit substrate of the present utility model 144 can be single layer board or double-layer circuit board, with double-layer circuit board As a example by material, it may include paper phenol copper base, paper epoxy resin（Epoxy）Copper base, Glass-Epoxy copper bases, Glass Composite（Glass synthesizes）The soft copper base of copper base, benzene resin copper base or macromolecule, polynary ester material etc.；Wherein Can be by laser engraving, etching, machining, sputter, evaporation, coating etc. on the electric devices layout areas of circuit substrate 144 Mode forms antenna element 16, and common antenna structure kenel has helical form, linear, bulk etc.；In addition, circuit substrate 144 Surface in addition to above-mentioned battery unit and antenna element, can be with protective mulch on remaining surface（Figure does not show Show）, its material can be selected from insulating material, chemical isolant etc., and its material may be, for example, pi （Polyimide, PI）, polyethylene terephthalate（PET）, PEN（PEN）, polystyrene （PS）, polypropylene（PP）, polyvinyl chloride（PVC）, polybutylene terephthalate（PBT）, polyethylene（PE；High density polyethylene (HDPE) （HDPE）, low density polyethylene (LDPE)（LDPE）Deng）, polyamide（PA）, acryl resin（Acrylic）, epoxy resin（Epoxy）Or The polymeric materials such as glass fibre.And the electro-chemical systems layer 146 in battery unit 14 is formed directly into the gold of circuit substrate 144 On metal surface（For example:Copper metal layer surface）, and be one of current collection layer of battery unit 14 with circuit substrate 144, change speech It, a wherein active material layer of electro-chemical systems layer 146（For example:Anode active material layer）It is formed directly into circuit substrate On 144, thus electro-chemical systems layer 146 and circuit substrate 144 between without additionally set connecting portion with by electro-chemical systems layer 146 are electrically connected with circuit substrate 144, not only through larger contact area being effectively reduced the inside of battery unit The complexity of resistance, more simplified processing procedure or circuit design；Additionally, also including an at least separation layer in electro-chemical systems layer 146（Figure Do not show）, separation layer may be selected from the titanium dioxide of micron order and nm level（TiO2）, alundum (Al2O3)（Al2O3）, silica （SiO2）Etc. material, the ceramic particle of alkylation, enable electro-chemical systems layer 146 that ion is reached when being electrochemically reacted Conducting, and coordinate poly- difluoroethylene（Polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF）, polyvinylidene fluoride -co- trichloro ethylene （PVDF-HFP）, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)（Polytetrafluoroethene, PTFE）, acrylic acid glue（Acrylic Acid Glue）, epoxy resin（Epoxy）, polyethylene glycol oxide（PEO）, polyacrylonitrile（PAN）Or pi（PI）Sticked together Deng macromolecule Agent carrys out polymer-ceramic particle；Certainly, similar to the surface of circuit substrate 144, to ensure that it is good that battery unit 14 can have Block water, choke effect, in the outer surface of battery unit 14（Including collector substrate 142）On can also cover with pi （Polyimide, PI）, polyethylene terephthalate（PET）, PEN（PEN）, polystyrene （PS）, polypropylene（PP）, polyvinyl chloride（PVC）, polybutylene terephthalate（PBT）, polyethylene（PE；High density polyethylene (HDPE) （HDPE）, low density polyethylene (LDPE)（LDPE）Deng）, polyamide（PA）, acryl resin（Acrylic）, epoxy resin（Epoxy）Or Coating made by the polymeric materials such as glass fibre, to ensure the insulating of battery unit 14 and the external world.

In actual application, antenna element of the present utility model 16 can be induction antenna, therefore on the one hand can be using logical Use asynchronous receiver transmitters（Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter, UART）Data form, As the data transfer of NFC, its coded system is non-return-to-zero（Non-Return-to-Zero, NRZ）Coding, another aspect day Line unit 16 also as the wireless charging operation of electromagnetic induction, and can meet A4WP（Alliance for Wireless Power）、PMA（Power Matters Alliance）And WPC（Wireless Power Consortium）It is made Deng alliance Fixed reference format；Additionally, antenna element 16 can be in response to different functional requirements additionally as blue tooth function module, WIFI functions Module, LTE functional modules or 3G functional modules etc., the antenna use of any combination of above-mentioned functions module.

The magnetic line of force that can be sensed to avoid antenna element 16 is shielded by battery unit 14, preferably the cloth of antenna element 16 Office's kenel is the minimum spacing between any edge of battery unit 14 and antenna element 16（Refer to the D shown in Fig. 2 B）No Less than 2 centimetres.According to the data display of implementation, when antenna element is neat or Chong Die to paste on orthographic projection direction with battery unit During kenel, due to antenna element and the electromagnetic shielding effects of battery unit, wireless charging efficiency is about wired charging effect The 10-15% of rate, wherein the charger that wired charging modes refer to direct contact type is carried out；When antenna element 16 and battery The line space design of unit 14 less than 2 centimetres but is not pasting neat or in the state of overlapping, because antenna element 16 and battery unit 14 mutual electromagnetic shielding effects more improve, but for battery unit 14, wireless charging efficiency in this case is still About it is only the 40% of wired charge efficiency；When the line space design of antenna element 16 and battery unit 14 is expanded to 2 centimetres, now Wireless charging efficiency can about go up to 60%；When the spacing of antenna element 16 and battery unit 14 is widened to 3 centimetres, its Power supplying efficiency about can reach 80%；Once after the spacing of antenna element 16 and battery unit 14 is more than more than 6 centimetres, antenna Wired charge efficiency of the almost identical charger in direct contact type of wireless charging efficiency that unit 16 is provided, that is, nothing Line charge efficiency almost reaches 100% effect.It follows that the influence in order to reduce screen effect, antenna element 16 and battery Spacing between unit 14 is certainly more remote better, but under the limited area of circuit substrate 144, excessive spacing still has sacrificial The defect of the excessive circuit layout area of domestic animal, or in the product of part, although antenna element and battery unit for patch is neat or The state of overlap and cause charge efficiency poor, but because product charge requirement in itself it is relatively low, maintain integrated antenna electricity On the premise of the size of pond module is positively retained at smaller design, also it is unlikely to too serious for the influence of charging effect.

Fig. 5 is referred to, this is decomposing schematic representation of the antenna battery module application of the present utility model in smart card.Due to intelligence 2 can be blocked not only is needing dynamic generation safety code with upper, the confirmation that carry out transaction with credit can be also input into as safety code, for example Can be input into credit card number or effective days contained in upper surface 222, or lower surface 224 it is contained check code, therefore After key circuit 242 is pressed by the user button 244 to be triggered, push button signalling will be delivered to metal header 264 by holding wire Output, while antenna battery module 1 is powered also by metal header 262 to mainboard 28, is transported by the control unit in mainboard 28 After calculation, by operation result in the way of electromagnetic signal, launched to receiving terminal by induction antenna unit 16, or be displayed in display list On first M.Receiving terminal includes the inductive loop of digiboard, or other receive the device of electromagnetic signal, such as before store checkout sales counter The paying sensing calculating punch furnished, or it is used to take the place of the sensor of machine wireless charging.Further, since according to The smart card specification of iso78165, in 8 metal legs that smart card 2 is in contact with calculating punch position, have 2 pin position Vcc with Vpp can be that the integrated circuit inside smart card 2 is powered, even if therefore not by way of induction charging, mainboard 28 Charge circuit still can by the two pin position obtain external power battery unit 14 is charged.Wherein, metal header 262nd, 264 the interface of induction charging or the signal output of key circuit 242 is carried out as antenna battery module 1 and control unit, Tin, indium, silver, brass, bronze or gold can be also plated in addition to Copper Foil to increase corrosion protection, anti-oxidant and conductive ability.

Fig. 6 A, Fig. 6 B are referred to, this is antenna battery module application of the present utility model in the positive and negative of another smart card Face schematic diagram, place unlike the embodiments above is, antenna element 16, battery unit 14 in the present embodiment, electronics group Part 18（Key circuit 242 for example shown in figure）And display unit M is configured in same circuit substrate by holding wire On 144 two circuit layers A1, A2, and no longer need to be connected by extra metal header, because antenna element 16 is configured The outermost of whole smart card 2 is centered around, therefore, as long as carrying out signal biography by antenna circuit 16 has part contact receiving terminal Defeated or wireless charging.

But above-described, preferred embodiment only of the present utility model, it is impossible to which the utility model is limited with this The scope of implementation, all simple equivalence changes made according to the utility model claims and description and modification, all Still fall within protection domain of the present utility model.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of antenna battery module, it is characterised in that including：

One battery unit, it has a collector substrate, a circuit substrate, electro-chemical systems layer and a glue frame, the electrochemistry system System layer is electrically connected with the collector substrate and the circuit substrate, and electro-chemical systems layer is pressed from both sides with the glue frame on orthographic projection direction Located at the collector substrate and the circuit substrate, electro-chemical systems layer is set to be sealed in the collector substrate, the circuit substrate and the glue Inframe；And

One antenna element, it is arranged on the circuit substrate, and the antenna element is surrounded on the battery list on orthographic projection direction Unit.

2. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that electro-chemical systems layer includes：

Two active material layers, active material layer is formed directly into the collector substrate and is electrically connected with therewith, another The active material layer is then formed directly into the circuit substrate and is electrically connected with therewith；

One separation layer, is located in these active material layers；And

One electrolyte, is scattered in these active material layers and the separation layer.

3. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the circuit substrate also has two circuit surfaces, Then the battery unit and the antenna element are respectively positioned at the same circuit surface or different these circuit surfaces of the circuit substrate.

4. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the antenna element is surrounded on orthographic projection direction The battery unit, and the antenna element and the battery unit at least part of patch on orthographic projection direction are neat, paste neat, part weight completely Fold or do not overlap completely.

5. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the antenna element after the circuit substrate is bent, Orthographic projection ground around the battery unit, and the antenna element and the battery unit on orthographic projection direction at least partly patch it is neat, Neat, local overlap is pasted completely or is not overlapped completely.

6. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the antenna element is tightr on orthographic projection direction Around the battery unit, and the antenna element and the battery unit at least part of patch on orthographic projection direction are neat, it is neat to paste completely, It is local to overlap or do not overlap completely.

7. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the battery unit has two conductive parts and the day Line unit has two tie points.

8. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that each conductive part is with each tie point by wire electricity Property connection, and the wire is located at the antenna element or is embedded in the circuit substrate.

9. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the corresponding connection of at least one conductive part Point is integrated into single end points.

10. antenna battery module as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that the width of the wire is not more than 150 microns.

11. antenna battery modules as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the collector substrate is single-sided circuit board or two-sided Circuit board, and the antenna element is arranged at the collector substrate and the circuit substrate simultaneously.