A kind of straw-cracking waste plastics produce liquid fuel device
Technical field
This utility model is related to biomass energy, solid waste and utilizes technical field, more particularly to one kind with straw, useless
Plastics carry out the device that high temperature pyrolysis produces liquid fuel for raw material.
Background technology
At present, the reserves of fossil energy are increasingly reduced, and the environmental pollution which brings is also further serious, in the face of dual-pressure,
Find the act that a kind of continuable, free of contamination energy is the key that human society continues.Studies have found that straw-waste plastics is common
Cracking prepares the conversion ratio of liquid fuel up to 50%-70%, and this discovery not only solves straw and waste plastics is difficult to rationally
The difficult problem for utilizing, it is to avoid the pollution problem caused in disposal process, and to alleviating energy crisis now, fundamentally solving
Certainly the energy general layout of China has far-reaching significance.Thus, thermal cracking product liquid fuel can be replaced straw-waste plastics as one kind altogether
The clean energy resource in generation, it has also become one of focus of new energy field research and development.
Straw is usually disposed in this improperly method burned as a kind of biomass resource, not only have lost a large amount of
Biomass energy, while also bringing serious environmental disaster;Waste plastics once enters environment, it is difficult to natural degradation is carried out, and
The discharge of its flood tide already becomes the stumbling-block that economic society advances.To tackle the environment difficulties from these two aspects, with
Follow biomass resource, solid-state castoff resource directly utilize, the international principle of energy-saving and emission-reduction, the country occur successively some profit
Deep processing is carried out to the two with equipment such as reacting furnaces and realizes that the solution of liquid fuel is produced in cracking.
It has now been found that, the reaction unit for simultaneously carrying out thermal cracking for biomass resource, both solid-state castoffs is not
It is very common, and in process of production with heat-transfer effect is good, high energy consumption, the shortcoming that oil productivity is low, quality is not high.Wherein,
Authorization Notice No. discloses a kind of biomass for the patent documentation of CN102618312B and prepares fuel oil with waste plastics copyrolysis
New method, as the technique is directly to mix to carry out raw material with catalyst, then post catalyst reaction separate with raw material with
And catalyst regeneration will be extremely difficult, is difficult to realize continuous feed, if or else carrying out post processing, certainly will cause very big money
Source wastes and serious environmental pollution.Furthermore, authorize the patent documentation of Publication No. CN201660599U to disclose a kind of horizontal
Pyrolysis furnace, but the body of heater is single heating systems, it is impossible to realize to raw material zone heating, thus easily cause biology
The very fast carbonization of matter, waste plastics, directly contributes the not high problem of low yield, product quality.
Utility model content
This utility model provides the device that a kind of straw-cracking waste plastics produce liquid fuel, alleviates to a great extent
The energy crisis of China.Also a kind of rational method of disposal is found for " straw, waste plastics " this " environmental debris ", be promotion
Straw and waste plastics high-efficiency resource recycling provide technology and equipment, to solve the problems, such as to propose in above-mentioned background technology.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, technical solutions of the utility model are as follows:
A kind of straw-cracking waste plastics produces liquid fuel device, described device mainly include stagewise pyrolytic reaction system,
Solid and gas piece-rate system and condensate recovery system;Stagewise pyrolytic reaction system includes low-temperature preheating system and Pintsch process system;
Straw-waste plastic particles are cracked into Pintsch process system Jing after low-temperature preheating system preheating, and the gas of generation enters solid
Gas separating system, carbon residue can be retained down, and volatilization gas enter condensate recovery system, collect condensable gas, and condensable gas is cold
But liquid fuel is afterwards, and non-condensable gas will import low-temperature preheating system by recovery tube.
The stagewise pyrolytic reaction system is made up of low-temperature prewarming room and Pintsch process room, and therebetween with dividing plate point
Open;Charging aperture is provided with above the preheating chamber, preheating chamber is provided with piston away from dividing plate side;The Pintsch process room near every
N is provided with the upper end open of plate side2Purging system, Pintsch process room are provided with gas outlet away from dividing plate side end, are used for
Connection solid and gas piece-rate system.
The stagewise pyrolytic reaction system is horizontal cylinder reacting furnace, including drum type brake reaction tube, heating component and guarantor
Warm layer;Wherein, the heating component is completed by the heater strip of different line footpaths, and preheating chamber uses relatively thin heater strip, and
Cracking room uses relatively thick heater strip;The heat-insulation layer is uniformly layed between furnace wall and reaction tube, and wherein heater strip is embedded
In heat-insulation layer inner face, and contact with reaction tube.
The heat-insulation layer is heat-preservation cotton layer, and every section of heater strip is independently-powered, is controlled respectively, the temperature of so every section heater strip
Flexibly can control.
Thermocouple is provided with inside the reacting furnace, the heating power of the additional heated filament of reaction tube is controlled by temperature controller, it is described
Temperature control system reacts furnace outer wall located at cylinder, and the heater strip realizes temperature programming by a hot watt heater.
Gas outlet's pipeline section of gas outlet's pipeline section and solid and gas piece-rate system of stagewise pyrolytic reaction system is respectively provided with electricity
Heat tracing;Gas premature set can be prevented effectively from, causes the problem of liquid fuel low yield and line clogging.
The solid and gas piece-rate system is made up of auxiliary assembly and subassembly, and mother and sons' part is cylinder, is collectively forming
Two-stage tandem annular cyclone pipe;Wherein, auxiliary assembly top is in cylinder, and in cone, subassembly is in cylindrical, located at mother for bottom
The cylindrical interior of part, leaves the descending circular passage of air-flow between mother and sons' part;The subassembly bottom connects air inlet
Mouthful, make air inlet spiral under the influence of centrifugal force.
Capping is provided with the top of the auxiliary assembly, the center of capping is provided with gas outlet, and the bore of gas outlet is less than subassembly
Barrel dliameter, slightly larger than cone bottom outlet bore;The auxiliary assembly barrel is embedded with heater strip, is wound in barrel in a ring, prevents
Premature condensation in gas separation process.
Gas first can carry out first separation, gas along subassembly spiral after entering from the air inlet of solid and gas piece-rate system
Rise in subassembly and spiraled along barrel upwards by centrifugal force, a large amount of carbon residues are got rid of on barrel, in this process
Most of carbon residue can be sunk under gravity.When gas is risen at the top of subassembly, the tangential direction of air-flow is sealed on
(the tangential direction explanation here of its certain resistance can be given:Flow spiral rises to and touches capping, by centrifugal force effect its
The power for giving capping be not in vertical direction, but it is tangent with airflow direction), the cleaner gas matter of a part itself
Amount relatively gently can be along capping horizontal direction movement, until discharging from gas outlet.And the gas containing carbon residue is in the resistance for covering and certainly
Conical sections being dropped to into circular passage spiral under body action of gravity and doing secondary separation, carbon residue falls, and condensated gas are in cone cylinder
Spiral under counteracting force, is discharged into condenser system by top vent, continues secondary separation.
The condenser system is low-temperature extraction circulating absorption tower, and the PVP grid implants of multilamellar accumulation, tower top are provided with tower
Shower nozzle and non-condensable gas export are provided with, shower nozzle is connected with ethanol bottle, and bottom of towe is provided with air inlet and liquid outlet, and liquid outlet connection is collected
Bottle.
The ethanol volatilized in the receiving flask imports ethanol bottle and recycles;At least one is provided with the non-condensable gas export
Arrange outside individual on-condensible gas outside passage and passage and be surrounded by the conduit full of tap water.
The method that a kind of utilization said apparatus pyrolysis straw-waste plastics produces liquid fuel, has been crushed and has fully been mixed
Even straw-waste plastic particles enter low-temperature prewarming room by charging aperture, and mixed material is pushed height when being preheated to 100-150 DEG C
Warm cracking room carries out rapid cleavage, and the gas of generation enters solid and gas piece-rate system, carbon residue along the gas outlet of Pintsch process room end
Can be retained down, volatilization gas enter condensate recovery system, condensable gas is contacted with ethanol in Ta Nei, the mixture of the two leads to
The conduit for crossing bottom of towe enters receiving flask, and non-condensable gas will import pre-heating system by recovery tube, and the liquid for condensing out is made
Further emulsifying upgrading obtains liquid fuel.
The straw-waste plastic particles diameter control is less than 10% in 80-100 mesh, water content;The straw and waste plastics
Mass ratio be (1: 5)~(5: 1).
Ni/HZSM-5 (metal Ni HZSM-5 molecular sieves) or Ni/HZSM-22 conducts are additionally added in the mixed material
Catalyst, the addition of the catalyst are the 5%~20% of straw and waste plastics gross mass.
This utility model has the advantages that:Cracker of the present utility model compared with traditional cracker,
Due to which employs low-temperature extraction circulating absorption tower, the mode of spray realizes being fully contacted for the two, and then by condensable gas
Rapid condensation is got off.Meanwhile, the two mixture blows away ethanol into Jing mild heats after receiving flask and is conducted into ethanol bottle, can
Recycle again.Finally, the liquid fuel after removing ethanol is passed through and is added with the emulsifying bottle of decahydronaphthalene and n-butyl alcohol, it is real
Now output fuel is primary emulsifying, improves the stability of product fluid fuel under high temperature to a certain extent, and comprehensively utilizes
The collaboration facilitation of straw and waste plastics heat scission reaction altogether, substantially increases the yield of liquid fuel.Under the technique
Cracker has lower energy consumption and more preferably fuel quality.This utility model science rational in infrastructure, the stagewise cracking
Reacting furnace is made up of low-temperature prewarming room and Pintsch process room, and this Segmented heating mode avoids the straw after crushing, useless modeling
The problem of the rapid carbonization of material, so as to ensure higher yield, more excellent quality.This utility model simple structure, it is easy to operate, and
And energy-conservation, design principle efficiently, environmentally friendly are have followed, promoting the use of for the device can produce good environment to a certain extent
Benefit and economic benefit.
Description of the drawings
Flow charts of the Fig. 1 for this utility model cracker.
Fig. 2 is this utility model stagewise cracking system structural representation.
Fig. 3 is this utility model solid and gas piece-rate system structural representation.
Fig. 4 is this utility model condenser system-low-temperature extraction circulating absorption tower structural representation.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in this utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in this utility model embodiment is carried out
Clearly and completely describe.Obviously, described embodiment is only this utility model a part of embodiment, rather than whole
Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in this utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not under the premise of creative work is made
The every other embodiment for being obtained, belongs to the scope of this utility model protection.
Embodiment 1
A kind of straw-cracking waste plastics produce liquid fuel device, mainly include that stagewise pyrolytic reaction system, solid and gas are separated
System and condensate recovery system.
The stagewise pyrolytic reaction system is made up of low-temperature prewarming room 1 and Pintsch process room 2, and therebetween with dividing plate
3 separate;The top of the preheating chamber 1 is provided with charging aperture 4, and preheating chamber is provided with piston 5 away from dividing plate side;The Pintsch process room
Purging system 6 is provided with the upper end open of dividing plate side, Pintsch process room is provided with gas outlet away from dividing plate side end,
For connecting solid and gas piece-rate system.
The stagewise pyrolytic reaction system is horizontal cylinder reacting furnace, including drum type brake reaction tube, heating component and guarantor
Warm layer (heat-preservation cotton layer);Wherein, the heating component 7 is completed by the heater strip of different line footpaths, and preheating chamber 1 is using relatively thin
Heater strip, and cracking room 2 use relatively thick heater strip;The heat-insulation layer is uniformly layed between furnace wall and reaction tube, its
Middle heater strip is embedded in heat-insulation layer inner face, and contacts with reaction tube.
Thermocouple is provided with inside the reacting furnace, the heating power of the additional heated filament of reaction tube is controlled by temperature controller, it is described
Temperature control system reacts furnace outer wall located at cylinder, and the heater strip realizes temperature programming by a hot watt heater.Stagewise pyrolysis is anti-
Gas outlet's pipeline section of gas outlet's pipeline section and solid and gas piece-rate system of system is answered to be respectively provided with electric tracing.
The solid and gas piece-rate system is made up of auxiliary assembly 8 and subassembly 9, and mother and sons' part is cylinder, common shape
Into two-stage tandem annular cyclone pipe;Wherein, 8 top of auxiliary assembly in cylinder, bottom in cone, subassembly 9 in cylinder, if
The descending circular passage of air-flow is left between the cylindrical interior of auxiliary assembly, mother and sons' part;9 bottom of the subassembly connects
Air inlet 10, makes air inlet spiral under the influence of centrifugal force.
The top of the auxiliary assembly 8 is provided with capping 11, and the center of capping is provided with gas outlet, and the bore of gas outlet is less than sub-portion
The barrel dliameter of part, slightly larger than the bore of cone bottom outlet;8 barrel of the auxiliary assembly is embedded with heater strip 12, is wound in barrel in a ring.
The condenser system is low-temperature extraction circulating absorption tower, and the PVP grids implant 13 of multilamellar accumulation, tower are provided with tower
Top is provided with shower nozzle 14 and non-condensable gas export, and shower nozzle 14 is connected with ethanol bottle 15, and bottom of towe is provided with air inlet and liquid outlet, liquid outlet
Connection receiving flask 16.The ethanol volatilized in receiving flask 16 imports ethanol bottle 15 and recycles;3 are provided with the non-condensable gas export
Arrange outside individual on-condensible gas outside passage 17 and passage and be surrounded by the conduit full of tap water.
Embodiment 2
According to Fig. 1, straw-cracking waste plastics preparing liquid fuel process is included using this utility model device
Following implementation steps:
(1) tripartite system is connected by technological process, by biomass material-straw that the particle diameter crushed is 80-100nm
Stalk (requires its water content<10%) Jing charging apertures enter low-temperature prewarming room, preheat about 10 minutes;By straw and the quality of waste plastics
Do three groups of experiments and do comparative study than being set to 1: 1 (A groups) and 3: 2 (B groups) and 4: 1 (C groups).Meanwhile, add in every group of raw material
The Ni/HZSM-5 of straw and waste plastics gross mass 20% makees catalyst.
(2) N is passed through in the bottom of high temperature preheating room2, appropriate gas speed purging high temperature is controlled by mass flow controller
Pyrolysis chamber, wherein air will drain, and make indoor in atmosphere of inert gases;Liter is begun to warm up to heater strip with intermittent fever watt heater
Temperature, temperature control is at 500 DEG C or so.
(3) dividing plate is taken out, preheated raw material is pushed to into N using piston2The Pintsch process room of atmosphere, is pyrolyzed steam Jing
The Gas outlet channels of cracking room right end enter solid and gas piece-rate system, and gas first can be carried out along subassembly spiral afterwards
First separation, in this process most of carbon residue can sink under gravity, condensable gas is then arranged by top vent
Go out;Down going channel spiral of the remaining sub-fraction not by detached gas between mother and sons' part drops to conical sections to be done
Secondary separation, carbon residue are fallen, and condensated gas spiral under cone cylinder counteracting force is discharged into condensed system by top vent
System.The carbon residue in volatilization gas is made first to be separated.
(4) ensure the gas of gas outlet's pipeline section and solid and gas piece-rate system of stagewise pyrolytic reaction system using electric tracing
At 300 DEG C, condensable gas quickly can be condensed out outlet pipe section temperature stabilization by low-temperature extraction circulating absorption tower, become liquid combustion
Material.Non-condensable gas will make the secondary utilization of heat into low-temperature prewarming room.
(5) liquid biofuel for condensing out enters emulsifying bottle to its upgrading, obtains metastable fuel.The breast
Change in bottle added with decahydronaphthalene and n-butyl alcohol.
(6) by straw, waste plastics more than experimentation on the spot in improved cracker, it has been found that obtain
Liquid fuel is greatly improved on liquid fluidity compared to the output oil of traditional cracker, and dependency number
According to showing, this device has and significantly improves to " straw, waste plastics copyrolysis prepare liquid fuel ", wherein, maximum conversion rate
75% or so is reached, yield improves nearly 20% 65% or so, compared with legacy equipment, it is certainly, this good
Effect is also undivided with " raw material collaboration splitting action " that catalyst is caused.
Conversion ratio and yield that 1 straw of table is cracked under catalyst with waste plastics
m1/m2 |
A groups |
B groups |
C groups |
Conversion ratio (%) |
69 |
75 |
62 |
Yield (%) |
63 |
68 |
57 |
2 straw of table is not added with the cracking conversion ratio and yield of catalyst with waste plastics
m1/m2 |
A groups |
B groups |
C groups |
Conversion ratio (%) |
58 |
65 |
54 |
Yield (%) |
49 |
55 |
45 |
Annotation:Straw quality m1;Waste plastics quality m2;A groups (1: 1);B groups (3: 2);C groups (4: 1);Catalyst:Ni/
HZSM-5。