CN206055863U - A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system - Google Patents
A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206055863U CN206055863U CN201620909881.3U CN201620909881U CN206055863U CN 206055863 U CN206055863 U CN 206055863U CN 201620909881 U CN201620909881 U CN 201620909881U CN 206055863 U CN206055863 U CN 206055863U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply keeps off cigarette system, the skyscraper has multiple layers, is connected by staircase, multiple air outlets are distributed with staircase between each layer, and for blowing to staircase, the system includes each air outlet：Fire detector, is arranged at each layer of the skyscraper, and whether each layer for detecting the skyscraper occurs the condition of a fire；System controller, when certain layer that the fire detector detects the skyscraper occurs the condition of a fire, only makes two or three nearest with this layer air outlet blow.The flue gas that this utility model can block the identical fire source power generation of any fire floor with less air output enters staircase, the impact that staircase air quantity is revealed can be caused to be preferably minimized staircase fire resistant doorsets open amount and position.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire hazard safety, and in particular in the case that one kind occurs the condition of a fire in skyscraper,
After fire floor is learnt in detection, by adjusting the location of air supply inlet and quantity opened near fire floor, only staircase is adopted
Region forced draft is taken, can stop that fire smoke enters the gear cigarette system of staircase.
Background technology
With China's expanding economy, increasing year by year, building height is also constantly increasing, and ties for the quantity of skyscraper
Structure becomes increasingly complex.Wherein, totally 125 layers of Shanghai Center Building, the high 632m in building is domestic highest building；Tianjin is high by silver-colored 117
The high 596.5m in mansion building；The high 492m in Global Finance center.While skyscraper offers convenience for modern city, also to building
Fire preventing and controlling bring a more difficult problems.There are large number of vertical passageway, such as elevator, stair in skyscraper
Well, piping shaft, cable shaft etc..Once the indoor generation condition of a fire, the high warm flue gas for producing that burn easily are produced after entering these vertical shafts
Raw " stack effect ", burning things which may cause a fire disaster flue gas in the presence of " stack effect " spreads to upper strata by building lower floor or even whole high level is built
Thing is built, substantial amounts of casualties and property loss is caused, and evacuating personnel in skyscraper is impacted.Therefore, exist
Under condition of a fire environment, take measures to protect the fire escapes such as staircase, delay fire and smoke spread that there is fire rescue work
Extremely important meaning.
Since nineteen sixty, generally staircase is protected using the method for forced draft both at home and abroad, be skyscraper
Interior evacuating personnel and fire-fighting and rescue provide smokeless escape way.Its core concept is fairly simple, increases staircase internal pressure,
Each layer stair door inside and outside differential pressure is made to maintain on the occasion of preventing fire and smoke spread to stairwell.Tamura and Klote think positive force feed
Wind system was opened and continuous service before fire and smoke spread to staircase, staircase internal pressure is acted on more than stack effect
Under pressure values, now the air output of forced draft system can be used as minimum air-supply value.At present, pressurized supply air rate can be by flat
The method such as air quantity method, critical air velocity method, pressure differential method, gap method is calculated.It is domestic《High-rise civil building design fire prevention rule
Model》Middle regulation, the building less than 20 layers, the pressurized supply air rate of smoke proof staircase need to be in 25000-30000m3/h。
《Code for fire protection design of high rise buildings》Middle regulation, cup one pressure air blowing mouth of per layer of setting, in staircase
One air outlet is set per layer 2-3.For staircase is used alone the structure of cup, existing forced draft method mainly has 3
Kind：Only cup is blown, only staircase is blown, to staircase and cup while pressure air blowing.Cup is blown, process of blowing
In only open fire floor air outlet；Staircase is blown, during air-supply, all air outlets are opened.
Forced draft system can be affected by several factors in actual moving process, and the gear cigarette effect of staircase is reached
Less than target.Such as, when blowing to skyscraper stairwell pressurization, during evacuating personnel, multiple fire prevention of staircase
Door may be in opening simultaneously, cause staircase air quantity to be revealed, it is impossible to effectively to keep off cigarette.Found by numerical simulation study,
Under the air output that specification specifies, when two or less than two fire prevention door openings of staircase, can stop that flue gas enters stair
Between, but when staircase fire resistant doorsets open amount reaches 3, it may appear that gear cigarette failure phenomenon.It can be seen that, in staircase fire resistant doorsets simultaneously
When open amount is more than or equal to 3, conventional forced draft method can not meet gear cigarette demand.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system, with less air output
The burning things which may cause a fire disaster of formed objects is blocked, even and if the multiple openings of staircase fire resistant doorsets are present and different during evacuating personnel simultaneously
In the case of fire floor, effectively prevent flue gas from entering staircase, staircase fire resistant doorsets open amount and position are caused into stair
Between air quantity reveal impact be preferably minimized.
(2) technical scheme
The present invention proposes a kind of stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system for being applied to skyscraper, and the skyscraper has
Multiple layers, are connected by staircase between each layer, are distributed with multiple air outlets in staircase, and each air outlet is for sending to staircase
Wind, the system include：Fire detector, is arranged at each layer of the skyscraper, for detecting the skyscraper
Whether each layer there is the condition of a fire；, there is fire when the fire detector detects certain layer of the skyscraper in system controller
During feelings, two or three nearest with this layer air outlet is only made to blow.
Preferably, there is a signal to system controller when the condition of a fire is detected in the fire detector, with to
The level number that the system controller report condition of a fire occurs.
Preferably, the system controller is used to send only the air outlet in the staircase of the level number indicated by the signal
Wind, other air outlets are not blown.
Preferably, each air outlet is connected with an air supply duct, and the air supply duct is connected with a blower fan, described
System controller is additionally operable to when needing specific air outlet to blow, and is controlled the blower fan and is opened.
(3) beneficial effect
(1) present invention, by being accurately positioned burning things which may cause a fire disaster floor, is targetedly to increase hazardness maximum floor in staircase
Neighbouring local pressure provides basis.
(2) air quantity is concentrated and delivers to fire floor by the present invention, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase in staircase, fire floor keeps off effective pressure of cigarette
By force, compared to conventional positive air-supply fume-resisting system, the identical fire source power of any fire floor can be blocked with less air output
The flue gas of generation enters staircase.
(3) local pressure in present invention increase staircase near hazardness maximum floor, the pressure of other floors are basic
Constant, the air quantity revealed from the fire resistant doorsets that other floor staircases are opened is greatly reduced, and staircase can be prevented fires door opening
Quantity and position cause the impact that air quantity is revealed to be preferably minimized.
Description of the drawings
Building and air-supply system that Fig. 1 is applied by a kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system of the present invention
The overall structure diagram of system；
Structural representations of the Fig. 2 for present system one embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the FB(flow block) of the present invention；
Fig. 4 A are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 1st layer, and the 1st, 3,5 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, the distinguished and admirable flow profile schematic diagram of supply air system；
Fig. 4 B are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 1st layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, the distinguished and admirable flow profile schematic diagram of supply air system；
Fig. 5 A are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 1st layer, and the 1st, 3,5 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and are entered using fire dynamics simulation softward FDS
Flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by row numerical simulation calculation；
Fig. 5 B are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 1st layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and are entered using fire dynamics simulation softward FDS
Flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by row numerical simulation calculation；
Fig. 6 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 7th layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, the distinguished and admirable flow profile schematic diagram of supply air system；
Fig. 7 A are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 7th layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and are entered using fire dynamics simulation softward FDS
Flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by row numerical simulation calculation；
Fig. 7 B are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 7th layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and change 3 location of air supply inlet, using fire
Dynamics simulation software FDS carries out the flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by numerical simulation calculation；
Fig. 7 C are burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 7th layer, and the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and change 2 location of air supply inlet, using fire
Dynamics simulation software FDS carries out the flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by numerical simulation calculation；
Fig. 8 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 12nd layer, and the 1st, 7,9,12 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, and the distinguished and admirable flow profile of supply air system is illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 9 is burning things which may cause a fire disaster at the 12nd layer, and the 1st, 7,9,12 layers of fire resistant doorsets are opened, using fire dynamics simulation softward
FDS carries out the flow of flue gas schematic diagram obtained by numerical simulation calculation；
Label in figure：1a- fire detectors；1b- system controllers；2- rooms；3- cups；4- staircases；5- rooms with
The extraneous door being connected；The door that 6- rooms are connected with cup；The door that 7- cups are connected with staircase；8- stair treads；9- blower fans；
10- air supply ducts；11- air outlets；12- burning things which may cause a fire disaster；The distinguished and admirable routes of 13-, solid line for it is distinguished and admirable must pathway line, dotted line be optional routing
Line.
Specific embodiment
In skyscraper, when staircase is used alone cup, in order to effectively prevent burning things which may cause a fire disaster fire and smoke spread from entering staircase
And evacuating personnel and fire-fighting and rescue are affected, the present invention proposes a kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system.
Each layer of the skyscraper of indication of the present invention all at least includes staircase, and each layer is connected by staircase.Each layer
Generally there is room, if a certain layer has room, setting up between staircase and room has door.But the present invention is not limited to this,
It is suitable for other more complicated buildings, such as be provided with the situation of cup, now, stair before staircase and room
Between door also is provided between cup, between cup and room.The present invention is also extended in other similar buildings, as long as this is built
The staircase for connecting up and down is provided with building.
The present invention required in the staircase of skyscraper first per two to one air outlet of three-layer set, air outlet for
Pressure air blowing in terraced building.Also, it is controllable that whether application claims each air outlets carries out blowing, you can with by automatic
Control system or manual operation are the state for being turned on and off air outlet to switch air-supply with do not blow.
On the whole, the method that stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system of the present invention is based on comprises the steps：
Whether S1, each layer of the detection skyscraper there is the condition of a fire；
S2, when there is the condition of a fire in a certain layer that step S1 detects the skyscraper, only make two nearest with this layer
Or three air outlet air-supplies.
The air outlet of fire floor near zone is opened, main purpose is to reduce the quantity for opening air outlet, and increase is caught fire
Floor keeps off effective pressure of cigarette, wherein keeping off cigarette best results when opening 2 or 3 air outlets near fire floor.
The condition of a fire can be detected using fire detector in step S1.Existing smoke detector or temperature sensing can be used
Device, such as temp.-determined type detector, step differential temp type detector or different constant temperature formula detector can be to a system controls when the condition of a fire is detected
There is a signal in device processed, so that the level number of condition of a fire generation is reported to system controller.In step s 2, system controller control wind
Machine is automatically opened up and makes the air outlet in the staircase of the level number indicated by the signal blow, and other air outlets are not blown.System
System controller can be realized by linkage controller, with microcontroller as core, with nonvolatile random access memory (NV-
RAM field programming information is stored), remote connection is realized by RS-485 serial ports, be capable of achieving various coordinated signals logics.
Generally, the air outlet of each staircase is connected with an air supply duct, and the air supply duct is connected with a blower fan, blower fan
The top or bottom of skyscraper can be located at.The opening and closing of each air outlet are by the system controller coordinated signals.When need
When wanting specific air outlet to blow, blower fan is opened, and opens the air outlet for needing air-supply, close other air outlets.
Pass through connection between fire detector, system controller, air outlet and blower fan to carry out the transmission of signal.By
Generation, conversion in signal etc. are prior art, therefore will not be described in detail herein.
Compared to conventional positive air-supply fume-resisting system, the system of the present invention can be blocked with less air output and arbitrarily be caught fire
The flue gas that the identical fire source power of floor is produced enters staircase.Staircase fire resistant doorsets open amount and position can also be caused building
The impact that air quantity is revealed between ladder is preferably minimized.And, there is the condition of a fire in any floor, the present invention can effectively stop burning things which may cause a fire disaster flue gas
Into staircase, it is not limited to stop the burning things which may cause a fire disaster flue gas of a certain floor.
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the floor overall structure diagram of the skyscraper applied by one embodiment of the present of invention.Such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, totally 12 layers of the skyscraper, each layer includes room 2, cup 3 and staircase 4.By first 5 between room 2 and the external world
Connection, is connected by second 6 between cup 3 and room 2, is connected by the 3rd 7 between staircase 4 and room 3.Have in staircase
Stair tread 8.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the system of the present invention.As shown in Fig. 2 the forced draft of the present invention
System includes fire detector 1a and system controller 1b, and the two passes through connection.Additionally, the building coordinated with the system is set
Apply blower fan 9 including building top, air supply duct 10, and each layer air outlet 11.Blower fan 9 and air outlet 11 with system control
Device 1b communication connections processed, and its opening and closing is controlled by system controller.
Fig. 3 is the FB(flow block) of the present invention.As shown in figure 3, each layer fire detector 1a real-time detection condition of a fire, when at least one
When individual fire detector 1a detects the condition of a fire, which sends alarm signal to system controller 1b, and burning things which may cause a fire disaster building is included in alarm signal
The information of layer, system controller 1b confirm the floor that the condition of a fire occurs according to the signal, and control blower fan 9 is opened, and is controlled corresponding
Air outlet 11 near burning things which may cause a fire disaster floor is opened.System controller 1b also first can be confirmed before confirming that the condition of a fire sends control signal
Whether fire detector 1a there is wrong report, that is, confirm whether the condition of a fire occurs in corresponding room.
In the embodiment, system controller 1b opens blower fan the air outlet 11 to staircase near burning things which may cause a fire disaster floor
Dynamic control, carries out forced draft to staircase.Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B respectively illustrate the situation when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is at the 1st layer, wherein scheming
4A shows the situation that the 1st, 3,5 layers of fire resistant doorsets (the 3rd 7) are opened, and Fig. 4 B show the 1st, 7,9 layers of fire resistant doorsets the (the 3rd
The situation that 7) door is opened.As shown in Fig. 4 A, 4B, in the case of multiple 3rd 7 unlatching of staircase, no matter the 3rd 7 positions
How, when burning things which may cause a fire disaster 12 is located at the 1st layer, the 1st layer of adjacent air outlet 11 in top two of opening, i.e., the 2nd, 3 layers of air outlet, the
4 layers of air outlet then opens (representing air supply direction with solid line in figure, dotted line represents selectable air supply direction) for alternative.
Distinguished and admirable 13 enter staircase 4 from 2 for opening or 3 air outlets 11 by air supply duct 10, and the pressure below staircase 4 increases
Greatly, can effectively prevent burning things which may cause a fire disaster flue gas from entering staircase 4.
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the schematic diagram that the gear cigarette system to Fig. 4 A and 4B is simulated respectively.As shown in Figure 5A, fixation is sent
Air quantity is 25000m3/ h, respectively opens the gear cigarette design sketch of 6,4,3 and 2 air outlets from left to right, wherein, send
Represent that air outlet is opened without filling at air port 11, shade filling represents that air outlet is closed.Conventional positive supply air system (opens 6
Air outlet 11) under, the pressure of increase cannot overcome the effect of stack effect, flue gas to enter through the door opening 6,7 opened in staircase
Enter staircase 4 and spread to the opening 7 of the top.If reducing staircase air outlet quantity, 4 air outlets 11 in lower section, cigarette are opened
Gas cannot be introduced into having a large amount of flue gases in staircase 4 but cup 3；When the system using the present invention opens 2 or 3 air outlets in lower section
11, also it is even with the presence of a small amount of flue gas in cup 3.Fig. 5 B are obtained similar result.
Fig. 6 shows the situation when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is at the 7th layer.Fig. 7 A to Fig. 7 C are simulation schematic diagrams.As shown in Figure 7 A, change
Staircase fire resistant doorsets aperture position, fixed air output are 25000m3/ h, the system for taking the present invention, it is also possible to effectively prevent cigarette
Gas enters staircase 4.The position that the condition of a fire occurs in skyscraper is random, when burning things which may cause a fire disaster 12 is located at higher floor (7 layers), is beaten
Open fire continuous 2 air outlets 11 (the 6th layer, the 8th layer) near the floor of source, the 10th layer of alternative opening.A large amount of distinguished and admirable 13
Staircase 4 is entered from 2 or 3 air outlets 11 opened by air supply duct 10, having for cigarette in staircase, near fire floor, is kept off
Effect pressure values increase, can effectively prevent burning things which may cause a fire disaster flue gas from entering staircase 4.As shown in fig. 7, fixed air output is 22500m3/ h,
Can also draw and reduce the more preferable conclusion of quantity Smoke prevention effect for opening air outlet, it is consistent with Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B conclusions.
And the position for opening air outlet 11 can also affect the Smoke prevention effect of forced draft system, the air outlet 11 of opening to be located at
Below fire floor, Smoke prevention failure；The air outlet of opening is located above fire floor, is substantially prevented from flue gas and is entered staircase
4, but with the presence of a large amount of flue gases in cup 3；The air outlet 11 of opening is located near fire floor, then can reach best Smoke prevention
Effect, as shown in Fig. 7 B and Fig. 7 C.
Fig. 8 shows the situation when burning things which may cause a fire disaster is at the 12nd layer.When burning things which may cause a fire disaster 12 is located at uppermost storey (12 layers), and increase
The quantity of the fire prevention door opening 7 of staircase 4, opens continuous 2 air outlets 11 near burning things which may cause a fire disaster floor, and the 3rd alternative is beaten
Open, fixed air output is 27500m3/ h, as shown in figure 9, the pressure air blowing gear cigarette system of the present invention is still effective.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect further in detail
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of stairwell pressurization air-supply for being applied to skyscraper keeps off cigarette system, and the skyscraper has multiple layers, each layer
Between by staircase connect, multiple air outlets are distributed with staircase, for blowing to staircase, its feature exists each air outlet
In the system includes：
Fire detector, is arranged at each layer of the skyscraper, and whether each layer for detecting the skyscraper is sent out
Light a fire feelings；
System controller, when certain layer that the fire detector detects the skyscraper occurs the condition of a fire, only makes and the layer
Two or three nearest air outlet is blown.
2. the stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system of skyscraper is applied to as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described
There is a signal to a system controller when the condition of a fire is detected in fire detector, to send out to the system controller report condition of a fire
Raw level number.
3. the stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system of skyscraper is applied to as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described
System controller is used to only make the air outlet in the staircase of the level number indicated by the signal blow, and other air outlets are not bothered to see me out
Wind.
4. the stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system of skyscraper is applied to as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that each institute
State air outlet to be connected with an air supply duct, the air supply duct is connected with a blower fan, the system controller is additionally operable to work as
When needing specific air outlet to blow, control the blower fan and open.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620909881.3U CN206055863U (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620909881.3U CN206055863U (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system |
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| CN206055863U true CN206055863U (en) | 2017-03-29 |
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| CN201620909881.3U Active CN206055863U (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2016-08-19 | A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106196400A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette method and system |
| WO2018032498A1 (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Method and system for pressurizing, supplying air, and blocking smoke in high-rise building stairwell |
-
2016
- 2016-08-19 CN CN201620909881.3U patent/CN206055863U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106196400A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of skyscraper stairwell pressurization air-supply gear cigarette method and system |
| WO2018032498A1 (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-02-22 | 中国科学技术大学 | Method and system for pressurizing, supplying air, and blocking smoke in high-rise building stairwell |
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