CN205846769U - The Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor controls - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to the Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor controls, charger is mainly by outer casing upper cover, shell drain pan, sealing ring, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, two storage battery bottle clip compositions, outer casing upper cover is screwed on shell drain pan, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, corresponding circuit connection is carried out by wire between two storage battery bottle clip, the connecting line of power supply line and two storage battery bottle clip is fixed on housing respective card slot position by respective wire fixer, this utility model can be for dissimilar and capacity accumulator, under the conditions of different weather, suitable pattern is selected by mode button, with different electric currents, 6V or 12V accumulator is charged；There are three kinds of charged state modes, respectively constant current constant voltage, pulse, floating charge；There is identification, overheated, short-circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function automatically, there is reliable and stable multi-functional feature.

Description

The Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor controls

Technical field

It is many that the microprocessor that this utility model relates to a kind of 6V/12V, maximum charging current is 3.8A controls switch power supply type Functional storage battery charger product.Belong to battery charger technical field.

Background technology

Currently, the competition in charger product market, not only it is embodied in the advance of technology, depends on the most to a great extent In charger circuit function, outward appearance and structure design, the advance of manufacturing process, the height of production efficiency, produce into This number, the aspect such as the concordance of product and reliability.

At present, on domestic and international market, the output voltage of small battery charger generally has the inhomogeneities such as 6V/12V/24V Type.The charger product of main flow, its charging current levels is the most all small area analysis (such as 1A, 2A, 4A, 20A etc.).Use inversion With the charger of switching power source control circuit, owing to development technique difficulty is big, require height, High-current output to be realized, multi-functional, The requirements such as high reliability, acquire a certain degree of difficulty.For using traditional transformer and rectifier structure and circuit form on market Charger, due to be use be transformed to low-voltage AC, then the mode through over commutation through low frequency (50Hz or 60Hz) transformator Realizing, therefore, product with low content of technology, transformator and commutator are heavy, and consumptive material is many, and caloric value is big, and work capacity is changed Efficiency is low, numerous problem such as small product size is big, Heavy Weight.Over closer year, the development of electron controls technology has also promoted electricity Son controls the development of (such as Switching Power Supply and inversion) formula battery charger.This kind of charger, due to for satisfied output requires The technical approach that controls used has significant different from (traditional) charger product of transformer-rectifier formula, therefore, and skill Art performance and the index such as energy-conservation are significantly better than traditional charger.Advanced technology, makes the transformator of this type of charger greatly Reduce, be not the form of common transformer, but use in or high frequency switch power or inverter transformator (make transformation The core materials of device etc. there occurs basic change).Not only volume is little, and weight is very light, more convenient to carry and transport. Owing to internal components is operated in HF switch state, therefore the energy that itself consumes is extremely low.Charger efficiency can reach 90% with On, improve by about one time than the efficiency of the charger of traditional transformer rectification.The energy conversion efficiency of charger is high, energy-conservation and material-saving Etc. aspect the most prominent.Therefore, the charger of switch voltage-stabilizing or inverter is described as " novel high-efficiency and energy-saving power supply ", represents The developing direction of regulated power supply.Along with developing rapidly of charger technologies, switch voltage-stabilizing or inverter charger are just towards little Type, high frequency, integrated direction are developed, and high efficiency switch voltage-stabilizing or inverter charger have obtained more and more extensive Application.Future is the replacer of traditional charger certainly.

Electronic Control (such as Switching Power Supply and inversion) class charger, mainly relies on circuit board and control circuit above thereof Realize the function of product.Generally, compared with traditional charger, their circuit is relative complex.The mode of production is also with electricity The manufacture of road plate and assembling product are main.Certainly, under identical output voltage and current class, different products, its circuit is former Manage and the design of circuit board, and the mode of production is all probably diverse.These all affect product technical performance, can By property, production and manufacturing cost, product competitiveness in the market etc..It is to say, structure and circuit design, manufacturing technology level are different Charger, its technical parameter, serviceability, production efficiency, even reliability and the market competitiveness etc. are that difference is bigger 's.

Although the charger kind using electron controls technology is that comparison is many.But their circuit and internal structure external structure shape Formula is also diversified.Different circuit and structure mentality of designing thereof, the physical circuit form used and whole product and The mode of circuit arrangement is different.Moreover, the performance indications of charger include output current/voltage, the class of insulation, Temperature rise, processing technology level, product reliability etc. also can show some obvious gaps.Even at identical product parameters Under performance indications, due to physical circuit and the difference of charger construction design aspect thereof, or the electronic devices and components used Packing forms is different, thus the assembling of the components and parts such as circuit board, welding and characterization processes level, automaticity etc. also can be obvious Difference, the convenience installed when this will make this kind of product circuit plate produce, production efficiency, production cost, the cost etc. of product Also can be dramatically different.Such as, if using the charger of a large amount of surface-mounted device and integrated circuit, due to the volume of these devices Little, thus the size of circuit board can be made to reduce, reduce the cost of PCB material.Simultaneously as these devices of welding equipment generally use elder generation Enter, efficiently, be suitable for high-volume automated production and the equipment of detection, so, the life of circuit board or product can be greatly enhanced Produce efficiency, reduce production cost, increase the competitiveness of product in market.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is the Multifunctional storage-battery charger providing a kind of microprocessor to control, and this practicality is new The charger of type: 1) there are five kinds of charge modes, i.e. standby mode, pattern 1, pattern 2, pattern 3, pattern 4, join respectively for latter four kinds There are " 6V ", " motorcycle ", " automobile ", " snowflake " (cold snap) symbol indicating lamp, can be for dissimilar and capacity electric power storage Pond, under the conditions of different weather, selects suitable pattern by mode button, carries out 6V or 12V accumulator with different electric currents Charging；2) there are three kinds of charged state modes, respectively constant current constant voltage, pulse, floating charge；3) have automatically identification, overheated, Short circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function, have reliable and stable multi-functional feature.

The most by the following technical solutions:

A kind of microprocessor control Multifunctional storage-battery charger, it is characterised in that: charger mainly by outer casing upper cover, Shell drain pan, sealing ring, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, two storage battery bottle clip compositions, shell Upper cover is screwed on shell drain pan, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, two accumulator storage batterys Carrying out corresponding circuit connection by wire between clip, the connecting line of power supply line and two storage battery bottle clip passes through Respective wire fixer is fixed on housing respective card slot position；On charger panel assembly, charger control circuit is set, charging Device control circuit includes overvoltage protection and two-stage input filter circuit, switching power source control circuit, power circuit, microprocessor Cpu chip, current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit, feedback circuit, mode switching circuit and output circuit；Overvoltage protection and Two-stage input filter circuit becomes unidirectional current, then the filtering through electrochemical capacitor again after rectifier bridge rectification, becomes+310V straight Stream electricity, supply switching power source control circuit part work, switching power source control circuit connects output circuit, power circuit and feedback Circuit；+ 5V the power supply that power circuit produces, for microprocessor CPU chip, current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit and pattern Switching circuit uses；Described current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit, feedback circuit, mode switching circuit and output circuit It is connected with microprocessor CPU chip corresponding port.

Front and back all layouts of described charger panel assembly have electronic device, large-sized device, are giving birth to The when of producing making charger, it is the bottom surface being arranged in charger panel using manual plug-in unit to complete, the most substantial amounts of little The element of size paster is to utilize automatic chip mounting and bonding machine complete processing and are arranged in charger panel upper surface, Charger panel upper surface is additionally provided with changing of mode switching circuit and cuts button.

The front and back of this utility model charger panel assembly, all layouts have electronic device, between these devices, The circuit theory diagrams be given according to this utility model charger carry out the connection between electrically.Large-sized device, is producing system The when of making charger, manual plug-in unit is used to complete.It addition, the most a lot of devices, it is simply that some substantial amounts of, small sizes The element of paster, producing charger when, utilizes automatic chip mounting and bonding machine to complete processing.As can be seen here, right In the circuit board section of this utility model charger, in addition to components and parts that a small amount of size is big need hand assembled and welding, electricity On the plate of road, other a lot of electronic devices and components all use high efficiency chip mounter to be automatically performed the installation of device and welding.Cause This, circuit board highly efficient in productivity, error rate is low, and fabricating quality is higher, the most qualified when finally can make production Rate is the highest, and cost of manufacture is low.But for general charger manufacturing enterprise, owing to strength is weak, the production quantity of product little, Have no ability to use substantial amounts of SMT surface-mounted device to produce circuit board, it is also difficult to realize the production of automatization or scale.Mainly The mode be dependent on manual plug-in unit, assembling and welding is processed, and therefore, the efficiency of production is low, and technological level falls the most relatively After.

Good circuit and structure thereof, Multifunctional design are advantage places of the present utility model, are also to meet efficiently and low Cost production, high reliability, the important leverage of manufacturing technology advance.The content of this utility model patent application protection is that Protect the structure of this charger and circuit and layout designs.

This utility model multifunctional charger control circuit have employed based on Switching Power Supply and microprocessor control circuit System.This utility model gives circuit theory diagrams, and has carried out the most detailed operation principle explanation.Described charger Size and volume are little, lightweight, and carry very convenient.This charger is utilized can the accumulator of 6V or 12V to be charged.It fills Electricity electric current is 0.8A/6V, 3.8A/12V.The range of capacity of accumulator can be 1.2AH ~ 120AH.

This utility model charger has five kinds of patterns, respectively: standby mode, pattern 1(6V/0.8A, is combined with " 6V " symbol Number display lamp), pattern 2(12V/0.8A, be combined with " motorcycle " symbol indicating lamp), pattern 3(12V/3.8A, be combined with " vapour Car " symbol indicating lamp), pattern 4(cold snap, be combined with " snowflake " symbol indicating lamp.12V/3.8A).Standby mode refers to fill Electrical equipment be connected with power supply after the initial setting up state that returns to of its control circuit.Pattern 1 is less than 14AH for 6V(capacity) plumbic acid The charge mode of accumulator, charging current is 0.8A.Full voltage is set as 7.3V；Pattern 2 is for be less than for 12V(capacity 14AH) the charge mode of lead-acid accumulator, charging current is 0.8A.Full voltage is set as 14.4V；Pattern 3 is for 12V The charge mode of (capacity is more than 14AH) lead-acid accumulator, charging current is 3.8A.Full voltage is set as 14.4V；Pattern 4 is For the 12V(capacity under cold conditions more than 14AH) plumbic acid and the charge mode of AGM accumulator, charging current is 3.8A.Fill Full voltage is set as 14.7V.Above-mentioned pattern, can be selected by the mode of operation button of charger panel.Often by once pressing Button, charger will be switched over successively by said sequence.

This utility model charger has three kinds of charging modes, respectively constant current constant voltage, pulse, floating charge (i.e. small area analysis) and fills Electrically.

This utility model charger, to 6V and 12V accumulator, normal charging process is to carry out in constant current constant voltage mode.Also It is exactly to control charging current, controls charging voltage again.Pulse charging manner, for activating accumulator, is suitable for In overcharging or crossing the 12V accumulator put.If be detected that the voltage of accumulator is in range of set value, charger control circuit will Pulse charging manner can be automatically switched to, until the voltage of accumulator rises to more than 10.6V.Once this process completes, charger It is charged automatically switching to original selected charge mode.Under pulse charging manner, charging indicator light on panel Can ceaselessly flash.

After this utility model charger starts to charge up, if accumulator is the state of underfill, then charging instruction on panel Lantern festival Chang Liang always.If after accumulator is full of, panel is full of display lamp can be lighted, and charging indicator light can extinguish.If After being full of, the charging connection wire of charger does not takes off from accumulator, then charger will automatically into floating charge state (also referred to as Trickle charge mode, is i.e. charged with the least electric current, plays the effect of maintenance).So can protect full accumulator Will not damage because overcharging.

This utility model charger, is additionally provided with identification, overheated, short-circuit, when battery pole back connection defencive function automatically.Automatically know Other function: A) connect power supply and accumulator after, if be detected that the voltage of accumulator is less than 3.8V or more than 15V, control Circuit processed can be judged to that accumulator is not suitable for charging or defective.Now, four [6V lamp, motorcycle (notes: on guidance panel Have motorcycle symbol) lamp, automobile (note: have automobile symbol on guidance panel) lamp, snowflake (note: have snowflake symbol on guidance panel, The state used under this state i.e. cold snap) lamp] display lamp can flash simultaneously.Charger controls to rest on standby mode Under.Further, even pressing mode selecting button, pattern switching can not be charged.B) if charger connection is 12V Accumulator, pattern 1 is non-optional.Similarly, if connect is 6V accumulator, pattern 2, pattern 3, pattern 4 are the most optional 's.Defencive function: A) when the output positive and negative electrode of charger be not corresponding annexation or polarity connection with the positive and negative electrode of accumulator Inverse time, charger can be automatically obtained reverse connecting protection.I.e. charger does not works, and wrong reversal connection (Error or！) indicate red light to carry Show.B) if charger detects that circuit is awfully hot, its output electric current can reduce automatically.Protection charger is unlikely to bigger electricity by this Flow and burn out.When the temperature of charger internal device reaches design temperature, charger can stop charging.Treat the temperature of internal components After degree declines, charging could be continued.Here it is its automatic overheat protective function.C) connect when the output positive and negative electrode short circuit of charger When connecing, charger can be automatically obtained short-circuit protection.

This utility model charger, in addition to the characteristic that above-mentioned control circuit and function and structure design have oneself, is also adopted Produce with advanced technology.Charger have rational in infrastructure, volume is little, lightweight, low cost, production efficiency The advantages such as high, manufacturing technology is advanced.The structure of this charger and circuit theory are emphasis and the power of this utility model patent protection Profit requirement.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is this utility model STRUCTURE DECOMPOSITION schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of this utility model charger control circuit；

Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams () of this utility model charger；

Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams (two) of this utility model charger；

In accompanying drawing, the title of each parts is as follows: 1, power supply line；2, draw and do not take off；3, outer casing upper cover；4,12V snowflake instruction Lamp；5,12V automobile indicator；6,12V motorcycle indicating lamp；7,6V display lamp；8, mode switching key；9, reversal connection display lamp； 10, it is full of display lamp；11, charging indicator light；12, standby indicating lamp；13, draw and do not take off；14, positive pole clip；15, negative pole clip； 16, charger panel assembly；17, sealing ring；18, shell drain pan；19 self-tapping screws；20, metal-oxide-semiconductor radiator；21 input filters Ripple electric capacity；22, diode；23, EMC magnetic bead A；24, output fast recovery diode；25, diverter；26, relay；27, defeated Go out cable socket；28, output inductor；29, diode radiating device；30,6V filter capacitor；31,12 filter capacitor；32, heat Protector；33, transformator；34, EMC magnetic bead B；35, metal-oxide-semiconductor；36, input common mode inductance A；37, input electric fuse；38, input Differential mode inductance；39, input common mode inductance B；40, input electric fuse.

Detailed description of the invention

As Figure 1-4, the Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor controls, its architectural feature is: charging Device mainly drawn by outer casing upper cover 3, shell drain pan 18, sealing ring 17, charger panel assembly 16, power supply line 1 do not take off 2, Two storage battery bottle clip 14,15, draw and do not take off 13 compositions such as part such as grade, on charger panel assembly 16, also 12V snowflake Display lamp 4,12V automobile indicator 5,12V motor display lamp 6,6V display lamp 7, mode switching key 8) reversal connection display lamp 9, fill Full display lamp 10, charging indicator light 11, standby indicating lamp 12, metal-oxide-semiconductor radiator 20, input filter capacitor 21, diode 22, EMC magnetic bead A23, output fast recovery diode 24, diverter 25, output relay 26, output cable socket 27, output filtered electrical Sense 28, diode radiating device 29,6V filter capacitor 30,12V filter capacitor 31, thermal protector 32, transformator 33, EMC magnetic bead Unit's devices such as B34, metal-oxide-semiconductor 35, input common mode inductance A36, input electric fuse 37, input differential mode inductance 38, input common mode inductance B39 Part and parts, outer casing upper cover 3 is fixed on shell drain pan 18 by screw 19.Charger panel assembly 16, power supply Corresponding circuit connection is carried out by wire between the parts such as line and 1, two storage battery bottle clip of plug.Power supply line 1 and the connecting line of two storage battery bottle clips be fixed on housing respective card slot position by respective cannot not drawing de-ly.

The circuit board that power supply line 1 is charger provides externally fed power supply.Two storage battery bottle clip are divided into red Normal complexion black.During charging, redness represents " BAT+ or just " polarity of charger output, with "+or just " polar terminals of accumulator It is attached；Black represent charger output " BAT-or negative " polarity, with accumulator "-or negative " polarity terminal carry out even Connect.Described charger, power supply can be AC 220 ~ 240V, 50Hz or 60Hz.Export specified current/voltage up to 0.8A/ 6V, 3.8A/12V.The accumulator of 6V or 12V can be charged.It is permanent that charger has three kinds of charging modes, respectively constant current Pressure, pulse, floating charge mode.And have overtemperature protection, short-circuit protection, connection battery types error protection, when battery pole back connection protection Function.

The main circuit of this utility model charger will be by electric fuse F1, MOV varistor, LF1 and LF2 inductance, CX1 electricity Hold, R1 and R2 composition overvoltage protection and two-stage input filter circuit, D1～D4 composition commutator, field effect metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, open Close the switch drive control of mains transformer T1 or B, fast recovery rectifier diode (containing D5, D6, D8 and D10 etc.), metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 Chip U1(OB2276), program control pipe U4(TL431), relay K 1(K1-1 Han its contact), the diverter of output electric current measure or Detection resistance RI, photoelectrical coupler U2(PC817), integrated operational amplifier U3, microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6), field effect metal-oxide-semiconductor Q5 ~ Q9, holding state LED1 display lamp, charged state LED2 display lamp, full shape State LED3 display lamp, (accumulator polarity) reversal connection state LED4 display lamp, 6V pattern (pattern 1,6V/0.8A) LED5 display lamp, Motorcycle (symbol) pattern (pattern 2,12V/0.8A) LED6 display lamp, automobile (symbol) pattern (pattern 3,12V/3.8A) LED7 Display lamp, snowflake (symbol) or cold weather condition pattern (pattern 4,12V/3.8A) LED8 display lamp, mode selecting button S1 And the electronic devices and components composition such as a lot of resistance, electric capacity, diode, audion, stabilivolt.Power supply 220 ~ 240V, 50Hz or 60Hz.Input from L, N end.The outfan of charger is " BAT+ " and " BAT-", respectively with two storages of corresponding color Battery storage battery clip is connected, each electronic devices and components in this utility model circuit theory diagrams, connects according to accompanying drawing 3,4 circuit.

On control circuit plate, except some large scales, device such as transformator T1 or B, electrochemical capacitor, the filtering of plug-in type Outside inductance, also there is substantial amounts of surface mount elements, producing charger circuit board when, except a small amount of large-sized device needs hands Outside frock is joined and welded, on circuit board, other a lot of electronic devices and components all use high efficiency chip mounter to be automatically performed device Install and weld.

This utility model charger, its single panel structure of internal employing.Additional casing, power supply line and Band clamp The part such as charger control output lead.Production mainly solves processing and the debugging problem of circuit board.The general assembly ratio of product Simpler.

The operation principle of this utility model charger is summarized as follows: after energising, charger AC1(L) and AC2(N) two termination Energising network source 220 ~ 240VAC.Corresponding control circuit live line work.The alternating current come from electrical network, on circuit board The overvoltage protection of MOV varistor, LF1 and LF2 inductance, CX1 electric capacity, R1 and R2 composition and two-stage input filter circuit, then warp Unidirectional current is become after crossing the rectifier bridge rectification of D1～D4 composition.Again through the filtering of electrochemical capacitor C1, become relatively stable+ 310V unidirectional current, supply is by metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1, switch transformer T1 or B, the switch drive control chip U1(OB2276 of metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1) And the switching power source control circuit part work of the composition such as peripheral components.

Program control pipe U4, resistance R49 ~ R53, audion Q8, electric capacity C25 etc. form+5V power circuit.+ 5V the power supply produced, For circuit such as microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6) system, current sample, overtemperature protections.

Under the effect of control circuit, the energy conversion of charger is former by high-frequency switch power transformer T1 or B The energy of limit winding is delivered to pay each winding in limit (N3, N4).Export, after corresponding rectification, filtering, the direct current that each numerical value is different again Voltage is for load.U1(OB2276) square-wave signal of chip 3 foot output is through grid current-limiting resistance R12 and R17 rear drive Metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1.After metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 turns on, the primary winding coil of connected high-frequency switch power transformer T1 or B will Store electric energy.Only it is only possible to supply load otherwise after this winding coil storage energy.After Q1 conducting, HF switch The primary current of mains transformer T1 or B linearly increases, and magnetic field strengthens.D8, D10 cut-off in secondary coil N3 and N4, point Do not powered to respective load (circuit) by electric capacity C16, C20.After metal-oxide-semiconductor Q1 ends, primary current reduces, and magnetic field subtracts Weak.D8 conducting in secondary coil N3 loop, energy to its load release, exports DC voltage+VCC by D8 and electric capacity etc..With Time, D10 conducting in another secondary coil N4 loop, energy is by D10 and electric capacity C20 to releases such as its load R59, and output is straight Stream voltage, powers for late-class circuit.

The output signal of U2 optocoupler, the level height of 7 feet (FB) that can affect, internal pwm pulse width adjusting can be controlled The output pulse width size of device, field effect transistor Q1 state in final control accompanying drawing 2, to change the output of charger.

In this utility model, U1(OB2276) it is that 8 foot metal-oxide-semiconductors drive control chip.It is a high integration, low-power consumption Current mode PWM (pulse width modulation) control chip, be usually used in the small-power power mould of off-line type AC-DC flyback topologies Block.The performance of this chip and usage etc., have a lot of open source information introductions, and can consult.In view of the reason of length, do not make Too much explanation.

This utility model charger to be capable of the charging to 12V accumulator, there must also be Q3 triode ON, and The condition of the K1 actuating of relay, i.e. STM8-19 high level to be exported.To 6V accumulator, K1 relay is failure to actuate, i.e. STM8-19 wants output low level.It is capable of the charging to 6V accumulator, there must also be Q4 audion, the conducting of Q5 metal-oxide-semiconductor Condition, i.e. STM8-12 high level to be exported.

This utility model charger, is provided with on guidance panel: 1) eight display lamps.Respectively: standby mode display lamp (i.e. LED1 in accompanying drawing 2), charge status indicating light (i.e. LED2 in accompanying drawing 2), full state display lamp are (i.e. in accompanying drawing 2 LED3), accumulator polarity connect anti-or wrong reversal connection (Error or！) status indicator lamp (i.e. LED4 in accompanying drawing 2), 6V(pattern 1, 6V/0.8A) symbol indicating lamp (i.e. LED5 in accompanying drawing 2), motorcycle (pattern 2,12V/0.8A) symbol indicating lamp (i.e. accompanying drawing 2 In LED6), automobile (pattern 3,12V/3.8A) symbol indicating lamp (i.e. LED7 in accompanying drawing 2), snowflake (pattern 4,12V/ 3.8A) symbol (being also cold snap pattern) display lamp (i.e. LED8 in accompanying drawing 2).2) mode selecting button is (i.e. in accompanying drawing 2 S1).Under different weather condition (general weather and cold climate), mould can be passed through for dissimilar and capacity accumulator Formula button S1 selects suitable pattern, is charged 6V or 12V accumulator with different electric currents.Owing to there being corresponding symbol to indicate Lamp is made state and is guided, and therefore, operator are easy to operation and identify.And in control circuit, these states and Schema control Realized by microprocessor control system.As shown in accompanying drawing 2.The level state control signal of mode selecting button S1 is defeated Enter 14 feet to microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6), i.e. STM8-14.Microprocessor is under program by soft Part scanning can know whether presses S1 button, and has pressed this button several times.Operational circumstances according to S1 can be carried out Corresponding control.Such as, do not press mode selecting button S1 and then enter the standby mode controlled state of this utility model charger； Selected by S1 button, lighted automobile symbol indicating lamp, then Dietary behavior 3, i.e. 12V accumulator has been charged.

Except accumulator polarity connect anti-or wrong reversal connection (Error or！) status indicator lamp (i.e. LED4 in accompanying drawing 2) outward, Other display lamp, be also 1 foot (i.e. STM8-1) by microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6), 15 feet (i.e. STM8-15), 16 feet (i.e. STM8-16), 13 feet (i.e. STM8-13), 17 feet (i.e. STM8-17) level state are controlled. Such as, STM8-13 is high level, and STM8-16 is low level, then 6V symbol indicating lamp (LED5) is lighted, and Dietary behavior 1 is controlled System, can be charged with 0.8A electric current 6V accumulator；Otherwise, STM8-13 is low level, and STM8-16 is high level, then rub Motorcycle symbol indicating lamp (LED6) is lighted, and Dietary behavior 2 controls, and can be charged 12V accumulator with 0.8A electric current.Other Control, be similar with above-mentioned.Illustrate the most one by one.

For accumulator polarity connect anti-or wrong reversal connection (Error or！) LED4 in status indicator lamp, i.e. accompanying drawing 2.It is to work as VBAT+(or BAT+) be low level, and BAT-is high level, i.e. two clip lines of the output of charger (have positive and negative polarity it Point) with accumulator just (+), negative (-) polarity be connected mistake occur, i.e. connect inverse time, accumulator polarity connects anti-or wrong reversal connection shape State display lamp LED4 can light.Meanwhile, microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6) system passes through voltage feedback sense lines STM8-20 can test this situation (negative voltage signal of below 0V), and can correspondingly stop charging process.This Time, K1 relay and Q5 etc. also will not actions.Here it is this utility model charger is automatically obtained the groundwork of reverse connecting protection Principle.

Microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6) system can also be tested by voltage feedback sense lines STM8-20 To other situation, and control accordingly.Such as after, 1) this utility model charger connects power supply and accumulator, If be detected that the voltage at accumulator two ends less than 3.8V or is more than 15V, control circuit can be judged to that accumulator is not suitable for filling Electric or defective.Now, four display lamps [6V lamp, motorcycle code light, automobile code light, snowflake code light] can be dodged simultaneously Bright.The control of charger can stop in stand-by mode.Further, even pressing mode selecting button, can not be charged Pattern switches.2) if the connection of this utility model charger is 12V accumulator, then, during operator scheme button S1, pattern 1 (i.e. 6V charging) is non-optional.Similarly, if connect is 6V accumulator, for pattern 2, the mould of the charging of 12V accumulator Formula 3, pattern 4, during operator scheme button S1, they are non-optional.3) if be detected that the voltage at accumulator two ends is " zero ", The i.e. output positive and negative electrode short circuit of charger connects, and now, the control system of charger can detect that STM8-20 feedback voltage connects Being bordering on 0V(actual selection threshold value is 0.5V, i.e. 0.5V and following be judged as output short-circuit).K1 relay and Q5 etc. also will not Action.It is automatically obtained short-circuit protection, stops charging operations.Here it is this utility model charger is automatically obtained the base of short-circuit protection This operation principle.4) either 6V accumulator charging, or 12V accumulator charging, if charged state is normal, then, By the test signal of voltage feedback sense lines STM8-20, coordinate the SGND current feedback signal that RI diverter detects, and The situations such as operator scheme selection, microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6) system and U1(OB2276) branch of circuit part enters Capable control of charging accordingly.Such as, respectively with three kinds of charging modes, i.e. constant current constant voltage, pulse, floating charge (i.e. small area analysis) charging side Formula is charged.To 6V and 12V accumulator, normal charging process is to carry out in constant current constant voltage mode.Namely should control to fill Electricity electric current, controls charging voltage again.Pulse charging manner, for activating accumulator, is suitable for overcharging or cross and puts 12V accumulator.If be detected that the voltage of accumulator is in range of set value, charger control circuit will automatically switch to arteries and veins Rush charging modes, until the voltage of accumulator rises to more than 10.6V.Once this process completes, and charger will automatically switch to former The charge mode selected is charged.Under pulse charging manner, on panel, charging indicator light can ceaselessly flash.Fill After electrical equipment starts to charge up, if accumulator is the state of underfill, then on panel, charging indicator light can Chang Liang always.If electric power storage After pond is full of, panel is full of display lamp can be lighted, and charging indicator light can extinguish.Charging connection if filled with rear charger Line does not takes off from accumulator, then charger will (also referred to as trickle charge mode, i.e. with 0.2A's automatically into floating charge state Small area analysis is charged, and plays the effect of maintenance).It is exactly more than the short-circuit protection function of this utility model charger, automatically knows The basic functional principle that other and charging process controls.

In this utility model charger control circuit, overheating protection circuit by critesistor, resistance (R43, R44, R46, R47, R48 etc.), electric capacity C27 and C30, operational amplifier U3A, the composition such as diode.Critesistor is connected to T-11 and T-12 two End.Critesistor is fixed on the winding surface, inside of switching mode power supply transformer T1 or B.U3A operation amplifier circuit part structure Become voltage comparator.When the inside winding temperature of switching mode power supply transformer T1 or B raises, critesistor change in resistance.Exceed and set During definite value, make the 1 foot output low level of U3A.This low level, makes the diode current flow of rear class, by rear class resistance handle The current potential of FeedBack is pulled to low level.Go to control the output of U1 PWM chip by photoelectrical coupler U2 again, make charger stop Only charging.Which limits the transformer temperature of charger, prevent it from burning out.Only after temperature declines, the change of critesistor Changing the 1 foot output high level making U3A, the current potential of FeedBack is not pulled to low level.Now, charger could recover merit of charging Energy.Here it is its automatic overheat protective function.

In this utility model charger control circuit, the SGND current feedback signal detected by RI diverter, one Aspect is input to R26, as the input signal of U3C amplifier.For (operational amplifier in four-operational amplifier LM324) For the circuit of U3C part, mainly the electric current to feedback be amplified, Filtering Processing.By this operation amplifier circuit portion After the process divided, the STM8-3 current sense feedback signal as microprocessor CPU chip (STM8S003F3P6) system inputs. On the other hand, it is input to R30, as a road input signal of U3D amplifier, compares with three following tunnels, control.This practicality New control system sets as follows: 1) if STM8-10, STM8-5, STM8-6 of microprocessor system are low level, then field Effect pipe Q6, Q7, Q9 are not turned on, and now, the control result that SGND current feedback signal compares with them is defeated with 3.8A Go out electric current to be charged；2) if be detected that accumulator both end voltage be between 12.8V ~ 14.1V, meanwhile, the most micro-process The STM8-6 of device system is high level, i.e. field effect transistor Q9 conducting, now, and the control that SGND current feedback signal compares with them Result is to be charged with the output electric current of 3.0A；3) if be detected that accumulator both end voltage be more than 14.1V, meanwhile, The only STM8-10 of microprocessor system is high level, i.e. field effect transistor Q6 conducting, now, SGND current feedback signal and it The control result that compares be to be charged with the output electric current of 0.8A；4) if be detected that accumulator both end voltage be 7.3V ~ 7.5V(is to 6V accumulator) or 14.4V ~ 14.8V between, meanwhile, the only STM8-5 of microprocessor system is high level, on the spot Effect pipe Q7 turns on, and now, the control result that SGND current feedback signal compares with them is to carry out with the output electric current of 0.2A " floating charge " state is charged.5) if the STM8-2 signal of microprocessor system is square wave, the most now control output shape of charger State is pulse charge (reparation) state.The most above-mentioned that setting, is the most all the level state by controlling FeedBack, And then go to control 3 foot output PWM(pulse width modulation of U2 optocoupler, driving chip) switch frequency signal, make Switching Power Supply portion The output divided occurs corresponding change to realize.

To 6V charge mode, when detecting that accumulator both end voltage is less than 3.8V or is more than 7.5V, control system is then Return to holding state.To 12V charge mode, under general weather condition, when detecting that accumulator both end voltage is for less than 6.8V (automobile and snowflake normal mode.Be then 6.3V under motorcycle mode, automobile and snowflake reparation pattern) or more than 14.8V time, control System processed then returns to holding state.If selecting the 12V charging of cold snap pattern, then when accumulator both end voltage being detected For less than 6.8V or more than 14.9V time, control system then returns to holding state.

Certainly, the threshold value of these voltage and currents above-mentioned is some setup parameters of microprocessor control system.If Parameters variation (have only to change software some set, it is not necessary to change this utility model charger hardware circuit join Number), the result controlling output also can change therewith.

Output voltage and the size of current of light source of charger are controlled by control circuit.According to the parameter set and shape State carries out exporting control.These important prerequisites controlling to be to ensure that charger steady operation.Such as, increase when given value of current value Time, the output pulse width of internal pwm pulse width adjustor increases, and makes the output electric current of charger increase；Otherwise, then charging is reduced Electric current.When the set-point of charging current is constant, and when having output curent change, the control result of above-mentioned control circuit all will make defeated The charging current gone out is stable.Such as, the set-point of charging current is constant, and have output electric current due to certain exopathogenic factor increase time, by Current signal in feedback increases, and then, the PWM output pulse width of controller reduces, and makes the charging current of output return to Set-point.It is to say, the charging current making output is all stablized by the control result of above-mentioned control circuit.

Under normal circumstances, along with the carrying out of charging process, the charging interval is the longest, and the voltage at accumulator storage battery two ends can be gradually Raise.When the voltage at storage battery two ends reaches the threshold value set, U1(OB2276 can be controlled) the driving of switching tube Q1 of 3 feet outputs Moving pulse width (or pulsewidth).The electric current making charger export is reduced to current setting value.The charging current of charger is increasingly It is few, until accumulator storage battery is filled.Can prevent accumulator storage battery from overcharging and cause storage battery dehydration, fill the bad phenomenon such as drum.

It it is exactly more than the simple procedure description of this utility model charger circuit and operation principle thereof.Certainly, not explanation The place arrived, also can go to read and understand from circuit theory diagrams.Because circuit theory diagrams are also a kind of noiseless language, from In can obtain the understanding of a lot of other side.Simply see that the people of figure needs the Professional knowledge in terms of circuit and basis.

Additionally, in terms of the design and making of circuit board, this utility model also uses the Technology of advanced person, at circuit Board component on the front and back, has the device of some large scales, plug-in type, such as transformator, metal-oxide-semiconductor and heat sink assembly etc.. It addition, the most a lot of devices, it is simply that some small sizes, the element of paster.Such as paster type resistor, electric capacity, diode, audion Deng device.Producing when, in addition to components and parts that a small amount of size is big need hand assembled and welding, on circuit board other A lot of electronic devices and components all use high efficiency chip mounter to be automatically performed the installation of device and welding.Due to hand assembled device Quantity and activity duration of welding component fewer, thus the processing of circuit board, the production effect of the most whole charger Rate is higher, and error rate is low, and fabricating quality is higher, first-time qualification rate during production finally can be made the highest, cost of manufacture Low.But, general charger manufacturing enterprise, owing to strength is weak, the production quantity of product little, have no ability to use substantial amounts of SMT surface-mounted device produces circuit board, it is also difficult to realize the production of automatization or scale.Mainly rely on manual plug-in unit, dress The mode joined and weld is processed, and therefore, the efficiency of production is low, and technological level is the most backward.Visible, this utility model The design of circuit board and processing mode also serve good effect for reduction manufacturing cost.

In sum, output voltage and electric current, the accumulator polarity of this utility model charger meets anti-protection, overheated guarantor Protect, short-circuit protection, battery types wrong etc. are protected and are all controlled by this utility model circuit.These controls are to ensure that charger The important prerequisite of steady operation.

Visible, good circuit and structure design be advantage place of the present utility model, be also meet efficient and low become This production, high reliability, the important leverage of technical advance.The content of this utility model patent application protection is that protects this Plant the circuit theory of charger, structure and circuit-board laying-out design.

This utility model not use only the Switching Power Supply control technology of advanced person, but also have employed the process technology of advanced person Circuit board is produced with technique.Charger have rational in infrastructure, volume is little, lightweight, low cost, production efficiency high, manufacture skill The advantages such as art is advanced.

Above content be combine concrete charger circuit, structure and circuit board and control function this utility model is made Detailed description, it is impossible to assert that of the present utility model being embodied as is only limited to these explanations.Technology described in the utility model is led For the others skilled in the art in territory, on the premise of without departing from circuit of the present invention and structural framing, it is also possible to make some simply Deduction and replacement, these all should be considered as belonging to this utility model protection category.

Claims (2)

1. the Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a microprocessor controls, it is characterised in that: charger is mainly by outer casing upper cover, outer Shell drain pan, sealing ring, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, two storage battery bottle clip compositions, on shell Lid is screwed on shell drain pan, charger panel assembly, power supply line and plug, two storage battery bottle clips Carrying out corresponding circuit connection by wire between son, the connecting line of power supply line and two storage battery bottle clip is by each From wire fixer be fixed on housing respective card slot position；On charger panel assembly, charger control circuit, charger are set Control circuit includes overvoltage protection and two-stage input filter circuit, switching power source control circuit, power circuit, microprocessor CPU Chip, current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit, feedback circuit, mode switching circuit and output circuit；Overvoltage protection and two-stage Input filter circuit becomes unidirectional current, then the filtering through electrochemical capacitor again after rectifier bridge rectification, becomes+310V direct current Electricity, supply switching power source control circuit part work, switching power source control circuit connects output circuit, power circuit and feedback electricity Road；+ 5V the power supply that power circuit produces, cuts for microprocessor CPU chip, current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit and pattern Change circuit to use；Described current sampling circuit, overheating protection circuit, feedback circuit, mode switching circuit and output circuit with Microprocessor CPU chip corresponding port connects.

The Multifunctional storage-battery charger that a kind of microprocessor the most as claimed in claim 1 controls, it is characterised in that: described Front and back all layouts of charger panel assembly have electronic device, large-sized device, are manufacturing charger Time, it is the bottom surface being arranged in charger panel using manual plug-in unit to complete, the element of the most substantial amounts of small size paster It is to utilize automatic chip mounting and bonding machine complete processing and are arranged in charger panel upper surface, on charger panel Surface is additionally provided with changing of mode switching circuit and cuts button.