CN205472969U - Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem - Google Patents
Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN205472969U CN205472969U CN201620290357.2U CN201620290357U CN205472969U CN 205472969 U CN205472969 U CN 205472969U CN 201620290357 U CN201620290357 U CN 201620290357U CN 205472969 U CN205472969 U CN 205472969U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- small reservoir
- ecological
- main body
- reservoir main
- ditch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a retaining subtracts the administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem of dirty management mode. This system's relief is less than the paddy field, and the small reservoir main part is oval, and the small reservoir main part is provided with ecology along the major axis orientation and intakes the ditch and go out the ditch with ecological, and small reservoir main part and ecology are intake and is equipped with the grid pond between the ditch, ecology intake the ditch and go out one section distance of ditch every and be provided with the water -stop floodgate with ecological, small reservoir main part, ecology intake ditch and the ecological right bank and left bank that goes out the ditch and all be equipped with the ecological bank protection of turf, the ecological bank protection of turf is the echelonment by degradable ecological bag to be built to fold and forms, the ecological bag intussuseption is filled with grass seed and soil, the even cover in small reservoir main part bottom has the bed mud, the bed mud surface is provided with aquatic vegetation. The utility model discloses an it is better to subtract dirty effect, and the clearance of total nitrogen reaches 60%~90%, and the clearance of total phosphorus reaches 30%~80%.
Description
Technical field
This utility model belongs to agricultural water conservancy technical field and prevention and control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area field, is specifically related to one
Water-retention subtracts the small reservoir ecosystem administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of dirty management mode, is particularly suited for southern area agriculture
The improvement of industry pollution of area source.
Background technology
Along with the raising of point-source pollution control ability, the seriousness of pollution of area source gradually presents, wherein agricultural
Pollution of area source is the most universal.Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is primarily referred to as in Agricultural Activities, grogs in farmland,
Nitrogen, phosphorus, pesticide and other organic or inorganic material, during precipitation or irrigation, by farmland surface footpath
Stream, agricultural drain and underground leakage, make a large amount of pollutant enter water body and the water environment pollution that formed.Main bag
Include and soil losses, pollution by chemical fertilizer, pollution by pesticides, Pollution from livestock and poultry and other agricultural production process cause
Pollution of area source.It has dispersibility and disguised, randomness and uncertain and popularity and is difficult to monitoring property
Etc. feature.What widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area had constituted world today's water quality deterioration first threatens greatly.South China rainfall
More, at south rice growing area, water often carries the loads such as substantial amounts of nitrogen phosphorus, thus causes wider agriculture
Industry pollution of area source.
At present, process pollution of area source both at home and abroad and mainly use artificial swamp method, stabilization pond method and soil Filtration
Deng.Artificial swamp method is the technology of domestic and international utilization and extention pollution administration for many years, presently mainly surface stream and
Two kinds of artificial swamps of undercurrent, this technical finesse effect is preferable, but floor space is big, and construction cost is high.Stable
Pool method is the general name of a kind of biological treatment structures utilizing natural detergent power, mainly utilizes the common of bacterium algae
Effect processes the organic pollution in waste water, but there is also that floor space is big, function singleness, process time longer
Etc. shortcoming.Soil Filtration is under manual control condition, is entered by a series of processes of soil-plant system
Row processes, and has advantages such as reducing investment outlay, operating cost is low relative to other technologies, and the subject matter existed is
Hydraulic load is low, disposal ability is poor and floor space is big.Generally there is the problems such as floor space is big in above method,
The present situation having a large population and a few land for domestic especially southern area, above method can not effectively utilize existing soil, no
Be suitable to carry out popularization and application in agriculture in south district.
The multipond wetland systems in south rice irrigated area, is made up of many ditch pools, is distributed in farmland with spreading all over the place
In, if these small reservoir main bodys are redesigned or transform, and rational management mode in addition, can be by it
It is used for slowing down and administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.In consideration of it, through overtesting and research, the utility model proposes one
Kind of water-retention subtracts the small reservoir main body of dirty management mode, seeks one for the preventing and treating of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area and has region feature
Technological approaches.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the angle processed from environmental conservation and pollution, propose a kind of simple structure,
The small reservoir administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area that construction costs low cost, pollution treatment are effective and suitable for large area applications
Ecosystem.
The technical solution of the utility model is specific as follows:
A kind of small reservoir ecosystem administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, including small reservoir main body 1, turf ecological revetment 2,
Small reservoir inside is used for the aquatic vegetation 4 bottom the bed mud 3 of plant growing, small reservoir, ecological inlet channel 5, ecology
Exhalent canal 6 and grid pond 7；Described small reservoir ecosystem physical features is less than rice field, and described small reservoir main body 1 is
Ellipse, small reservoir main body 1 is provided with ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6, ecological water inlet along long axis direction
Ditch 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 are positioned at small reservoir main body 1 both sides, are provided with between small reservoir main body 1 and ecological inlet channel 5
Grid pond 7, described ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 are provided with every a segment distance and block sluice 8,
The two sides of described small reservoir main body 1, ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 are equipped with turf ecological revetment 2,
Described turf ecological revetment 2 is formed by stepped the stacking of degradable ecology bag, fills out in described ecology bag
Being filled with grass seed and soil, described small reservoir main body 1 bottom even is coated with bed mud 3, and bed mud 3 surface configuration has
Aquatic vegetation 4, rice field is 15:1～20:1 with the area ratio of small reservoir main body 1；The ridge, the pool side slope of small reservoir main body 1 is met
Water surface side slope is the most suddenly in 1:1, and back side side slope is the most suddenly in 1:1.5；The depth of water of small reservoir main body 1 is 0.6m～1.5m.
Described small reservoir main body 1 major axis and minor axis length than for 2:1～5:1, ellipse at more than 10m of minor axis length
Circular.
Described ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 arrange every 300～500m and block sluice 8.
Described small reservoir main body 1 is provided with multiple ecological inlet channel 5 and multiple ecological exhalent canal 6.
Bed mud 3 degree of depth is 20～60cm.
This utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
This small reservoir main body small reservoir main body ecosystem with aquatic vegetation as core processes the nitrogen in agricultural drain
Phosphorus load, it is not necessary to complicated water treatment procedure, adds that water-retention subtracts the management mode of dirt, simple to operation,
Only need to close ecological exhalent canal, water be stored designated depth, keeps certain backwater time, after Chu Liwan i.e.
Can；Water-retention subtracts the small reservoir main body of dirty management mode and can carry out from many aspects subtracting dirt, allows paddy field drainage in small reservoir main body
Middle standing certain time, can by small reservoir water plant to the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus, be attached on water plant micro-
In the biological degraded to nitrogen phosphorus and the lower paddy field drainage of standing, the sedimentation of pollutional load and the absorption of small reservoir bed mud are total to
Four aspects carry out subtracting dirt, can relieving pollution of agricultural area source to greatest extent, according to test, the clearance of total nitrogen
Reaching 60%～90%, the clearance of total phosphorus reaches 30%～80%；Construction cost of the present utility model and operation pipe
Reason cost is relatively low, and does not has professional requirement, suitable popularization and application to operator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is sectional schematic diagram of the present utility model；
Fig. 2 is floor map of the present utility model；
Fig. 3 is ecological inlet channel schematic longitudinal section；
Wherein: 1-small reservoir main body；2-turf ecological revetment；3-bed mud；4-aquatic vegetation, 5-ecology inlet channel,
6-ecology exhalent canal, 7-grid pond, 8-blocks sluice.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment, this utility model is further described:
Embodiment 1
As Figure 1-3, a kind of small reservoir ecosystem administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, including small reservoir main body 1,
Turf ecological revetment 2, small reservoir inside is used for the aquatic vegetation 4 bottom the bed mud 3 of plant growing, small reservoir, life
State inlet channel 5, ecological exhalent canal 6 and grid pond 7；Described small reservoir ecosystem physical features is less than rice field, institute
The small reservoir main body 1 stated is ellipse, and long axis direction is provided with ecological inlet channel 5 to small reservoir main body 1 and ecology goes out
Ditch 6, ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 are positioned at small reservoir main body 1 both sides, small reservoir main body 1 and ecology
Grid pond 7, described ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 it is provided with every a segment distance between inlet channel 5
Being provided with and block sluice 8, the two sides of described small reservoir main body 1, ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 are all provided with
Turf ecological revetment 2, described turf ecological revetment 2 is had to be formed by stepped the stacking of degradable ecology bag,
Being filled with grass seed and soil in described ecology bag, described small reservoir main body 1 bottom even is coated with bed mud 3,
Bed mud 3 surface configuration has aquatic vegetation 4, rice field to be 15:1～20:1 with the area ratio of small reservoir main body 1；Small reservoir master
The ridge, the pool side slope upstream face side slope of body 1 is the most suddenly in 1:1, and back side side slope is the most suddenly in 1:1.5；Small reservoir main body 1
The depth of water is 0.6m～1.5m.
Described small reservoir main body 1 major axis and minor axis length than for 2:1～5:1, ellipse at more than 10m of minor axis length
Circular.
Described ecological inlet channel 5 and ecological exhalent canal 6 arrange every 300～500m and block sluice 8.
Described small reservoir main body 1 is provided with multiple ecological inlet channel 5 and multiple ecological exhalent canal 6.
Bed mud 3 degree of depth is 20～60cm.
A kind of water-retention subtracts the small reservoir ecosystem administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of dirty management mode and (irrigates with Jiangxi Province
As a example by test center station), concrete rule of operation is as follows:
Being less than at rice field in physical features and arrange small reservoir main body, rice field and small reservoir main body area ratio are 12.3:1, planar shaped
Shape is that class is oval, major axis 40m, short axle 13m, and small reservoir sectional schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1, uses trapezoidal cross-section, limit
Slope takes 1:2, plants bed mud thickness 20cm, and it is 60cm that water-retention subtracts the daily reserve-water-level used under dirty management mode,
The water plant of small reservoir plantation is Rhizoma Nelumbinis.
Use surface current artificial wetland's technique, before small reservoir body inlet, repair a grid pond, large-scale floating thing
First intercepted by grid pond, then maintain the low water level of small reservoir main body, for paddy field drainage headspace, when rice field is arranged
When water enters small reservoir main body, close ecological exhalent canal simultaneously, until paddy field drainage stores full small reservoir main body, allow rice field
Draining stands 3～5 days in small reservoir main body, i.e. the water body holdup time is set to 3～5 days, passes through small reservoir the most again
Rhizoma Nelumbinis in main body to the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus, the microorganism that is attached on Rhizoma Nelumbinis is to the degraded of nitrogen phosphorus and stands lower rice field
The sedimentation of pollutional load and four aspect effects of absorption of bed mud in draining, thus reach nitrogen phosphorus subtracts dirty effect
Really.
Water-retention subtract the small reservoir main body of dirty management mode to subtract dirty effect fine, it subtracts dirty effect and is shown in Table 1:
Table 1 small reservoir main body subtract dirty effect table
Water-retention subtracts the small reservoir ecosystem pair administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of dirty management mode as can be seen from Table 1
The clean-up effect in rice field is fairly good.
1, utilize aquatic vegetation to build ecosystem, effectively absorb the loads of nutrition brought with agricultural drain
Aquatic vegetation is planted in small reservoir main body, can be with constructing environment close friend, environmental health, sustainable use
Small reservoir main body ecosystem, small reservoir main body is carried out Appropriate application, cultivates water plant, utilize this pool by us
Weir system of subject, absorbs the nitrogen and phosphorus load in agricultural drain, reduces nitrogen phosphorus and discharges in natural water.The most both
The problem that artificial swamp floor space is big can be solved, can effectively intercept again and the source, nitrogen phosphorus face in irrigated area of dissolving
Pollutant, and the nitrogen phosphorus that water plant absorbs can be used for self nutritional need.As selected the water having economic worth
Raw plant, such as Herba Polygoni hydropiperis, high stalk Medulla Junci and Rhizoma Nelumbinis etc., also can bring economic benefit.
2, rational rice field area and small reservoir main body ratio
Rice field area and small reservoir main body, than aspect, the small reservoir main body the to be considered clean-up effect to water body, are also wanted
Consider making full use of of existing soil, comprehensive the two aspect, finally determine that rice field area takes with small reservoir main body ratio
15:1～20:1.
3, small reservoir subject plane shape
Small reservoir main body preferably uses ellipse or class oval, length-width ratio at about 3:1, width at more than 10m,
And make Inlet and outlet water circulation road along oval long side direction.Carry out in the depression of self-assembling formation extending or on original pool
Transform on the basis of weir.
4, the slope coefficient of small reservoir main body and bank protection pattern
Select the pattern of turf ecological revetment, and according to the calculating of the ridge, pool slope stability, determine the limit of upstream face
Slope is the most suddenly in 1:1, and back side is the most suddenly in 1:1.5.Such bank protection pattern and slope coefficient, not only meet the ridge, the pool
Stablizing of side slope, turf ecological revetment also slow down the water body immersional wetting to the ridge, pool slope soil, and turf
Ecological revetment also facilitates the purification of water body.
5, the selection of water-storage depth
The selection of water-storage depth not only needs to consider clean-up effect, it is also taken into consideration whether requirement of pouring water.This practicality is new
The small reservoir main body of type design uses to plant and is all covered, therefore the small reservoir main body depth of water is chosen as 0.6～0.9m, if having concurrently
The requirement of catchwork irrigation, can suitably increase water-storage depth.
The operational management skill main points of the small reservoir main body that described a kind of water-retention subtracts dirty management mode include:
1, water-retention subtracts the main process of dirty management
First maintain the low water level of small reservoir main body, for paddy field drainage headspace, enter small reservoir main body at paddy field drainage
Before, close outlet, until paddy field drainage stores full small reservoir main body, allow paddy field drainage stand in small reservoir main body necessarily
Time, by standing the sedimentation of polluter in lower paddy field drainage, aquatic wetland plant to the absorption of nitrogen phosphorus, attached
The degraded to nitrogen phosphorus of the microorganism on water plant and four aspect effects of absorption of bed mud, thus reach
Nitrogen phosphorus is subtracted dirty effect.
2, the selection of optimal water body holdup time
The water body holdup time refers to treatment sewage mean residence time in small reservoir main body, namely small reservoir master
System system processes the average reaction time of polluted-water.Root is it was found that under water-retention subtracts the management mode of dirt, dirty
The dye water body optimal holdup time in small reservoir main body is 3～5 days, and i.e. under water-retention subtracts dirty pattern, nitrogen phosphorus etc. is born
Lotus assimilation effect after 3～5 days is preferable.
3, small reservoir main body intake-outlet management
In order to improve the operational efficiency of small reservoir main body, i.e. meet water inlet fast, processed rear water outlet fast, and should use up
Amount makes polluted-water uniform distribution in small reservoir main body, avoids the occurrence of slough simultaneously, therefore considers to arrange multiple life
State inlet channel and multiple ecological exhalent canal.
4, vegetation harvesting and desilting
In order to prevent aquatic vegetation dead in bed mud above section, vegetation residuum produces secondary pollution to water body, needs
To discharge at Non-point Source Pollution in Irrigation District thing load and to carry out vegetation harvesting relatively small number of period, typically enter in November
Row harvesting.And harvesting has the vegetation of economic worth in time, also can bring economic benefit.Except harvesting vegetation with
Outward, for the most postrun small reservoir main body, need to carry out Sediment Dredging, reduce bottom water body oxygen consumption and
The content of humus.The mud dug out after dredging should process in conjunction with periphery landform, prevents affecting crops and ploughs
Make and the stability of slope etc. of small reservoir main body.The bed mud degree of depth general control of small reservoir main body 20～60cm model
Enclose.
Above-described embodiment is this utility model preferably embodiment, but embodiment of the present utility model is not subject to
The restriction of above-described embodiment, other any without departing from changing of being made under spirit of the present utility model and principle
Become, modify, substitute, combine, simplify, all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included in of the present utility model
Within protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. the small reservoir ecosystem administering widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, it is characterised in that: include small reservoir main body (1),
For the bed mud (3) of plant growing, aquatic vegetation (4), ecological inlet channel bottom turf ecological revetment (2), small reservoir
(5), ecological exhalent canal (6) and grid pond (7)；Described small reservoir ecosystem physical features is less than rice field, the described pool
Weir main body (1) is oval, and small reservoir main body (1) is provided with ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal along long axis direction
(6), ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal (6) are positioned at small reservoir main body (1) both sides, and small reservoir main body (1) and ecology are entered
Grid pond (7), described ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal (6) it is provided with every a segment distance between ditch (5)
Being provided with and block sluice (8), the two sides of described small reservoir main body (1), ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal (6) are equal
Being provided with turf ecological revetment (2), described turf ecological revetment (2) is stacked by degradable ecology bag is stepped
Forming, be filled with grass seed and soil in described ecology bag, described small reservoir main body (1) bottom is all uniformly covered
Being stamped bed mud (3), bed mud (3) surface configuration has the aquatic vegetation (4), rice field with the area ratio of small reservoir main body (1) to be
15:1～20:1；The ridge, the pool side slope upstream face side slope of small reservoir main body (1) the most suddenly in 1:1, back side side slope the most suddenly in
1:1.5；The depth of water of small reservoir main body (1) is 0.6m～1.5m.
The small reservoir ecosystem of improvement widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described small reservoir main body (1) major axis and minor axis length are than for 2:1～5:1, and minor axis length is at the ellipse of more than 10m.
The small reservoir ecosystem of improvement widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal (6) arrange every 300～500m and block sluice (8).
The small reservoir ecosystem of improvement widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described small reservoir main body (1) is provided with multiple ecological inlet channel (5) and ecological exhalent canal (6).
The small reservoir ecosystem of improvement widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Bed mud (3) degree of depth is 20～60cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620290357.2U CN205472969U (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620290357.2U CN205472969U (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205472969U true CN205472969U (en) | 2016-08-17 |
Family
ID=56644828
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620290357.2U Expired - Fee Related CN205472969U (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN205472969U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110639942A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-01-03 | 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 | Ecological system and method for restoring polluted soil |
-
2016
- 2016-04-08 CN CN201620290357.2U patent/CN205472969U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110639942A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-01-03 | 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 | Ecological system and method for restoring polluted soil |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104591395B (en) | Plains region fills the water saving of row's coupling Ecological Irrigation District water circulation use and subtracts dirty method | |
| CN103314763B (en) | Micro-reformation and vegetation restoration method for degraded plateau and lake wetlands | |
| CN105659962B (en) | Ecological method for abating agricultural non-point source pollution in rice planting regions | |
| CN101696059B (en) | Ecological canal for preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution | |
| CN103395886B (en) | Method for treating surface source pollutants in ecological ditch | |
| CN106192938A (en) | A kind of ecological canal system for farmland water-break pollution prevention and construction method | |
| CN103803760A (en) | Wet land purification system with serially-connected rice field drainage ditches in irrigated area | |
| CN105000748B (en) | Typical agricultural non -point pollution thing " point-line-surface " comprehensively cuts control system | |
| CN106120679A (en) | A kind of ecological canal with denitrogenation dephosphorizing function | |
| Zhong et al. | A three-dimensional and multi-source integrated technology system for controlling rural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China | |
| CN103466899B (en) | Blocking and controlling system for non-point source pollution in middle water network zone and construction method thereof | |
| CN104773835A (en) | Irritation district rice field periphery fixed point drainage wetland construction system | |
| Gao et al. | Ecological engineering for traditional Chinese agriculture—A case study of Beitang | |
| CN106358481A (en) | Saline-alkali land treatment method | |
| CN109912040A (en) | The ecology pond systems of preventing and controlling agricultural area source pollution | |
| CN109380088A (en) | A kind of Low hilly red soil small watershed ecological harnessing system | |
| CN106115925A (en) | The widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area cleaning system that step rice field organically combines with ecological canal | |
| AU2017100468A4 (en) | Water-Saving and Pollution-Reducing Method for Water Circulation use in Irrigation and Drainage Coupled Ecological Irrigation District in Flat Areas | |
| CN206033489U (en) | Ecological ditch canal clean system is inlayed in step paddy field that agricultural non -point source pollution administered | |
| CN104628143B (en) | Wetland decontamination method for drainage systems in ecological irrigation areas | |
| CN205773645U (en) | A kind of water resource for pollution of area source is regulated and stored and purification facility | |
| CN108911148A (en) | A kind of basin agricultural non-point source pollution control method | |
| CN205472969U (en) | Administer agriculture non -point source pollution's small reservoir ecosystem | |
| CN110627215B (en) | Go into river slope trench ecological zone that moves back water and continuously purify utilization system | |
| CN104420676A (en) | Method for solving agricultural non-point source pollution |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160817 Termination date: 20190408 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |