CN205283565U - Quantum security certification system based on optics PUF - Google Patents
Quantum security certification system based on optics PUF Download PDFInfo
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- CN205283565U CN205283565U CN201521121393.8U CN201521121393U CN205283565U CN 205283565 U CN205283565 U CN 205283565U CN 201521121393 U CN201521121393 U CN 201521121393U CN 205283565 U CN205283565 U CN 205283565U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses problem to current PUF certification system existence, a quantum security certification system based on optics PUF is proposed, this system uses coherent light or single photon source after the high decay as the light source, still be provided with spatial light modulator no. 1, PUF, spatial light modulator two, lens, the pinhole, the detector, the computer, it is right to utilize spatial light modulator to obtain a large amount of excitation - responses to incident light wavefront modulate, certification system's information quantity and security have been ensured, adoption wavefront feedback control algorithm comes the indirect preceding information of response light wave that obtains to come to carry out the accurate positioning to the PUF position to supplementary calibration steps through excitation - response, reduced the complexity of system architecture widely, the utility model discloses not only improve the security of authentication, reduced the operation requirement of system simultaneously, simplified the system architecture, had good application prospect in the safety certificate field.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to a kind of identity authorization system, relates generally to a kind of optically-based unclonable function of PUF(physics) quantum security certification system, belong to technical field of security authentication.
Background technology
Along with the development of modern science and technology, the application of IC-card (IntegrateCircuitCard, integrated circuit card) has penetrated into the every aspect of people's daily life. But the safety of IC-card makes people worried, it is easy to suffer unauthorized access, follow the tracks of eavesdropping, forge distort, the security threat such as Replay Attack. Use for reference and uniquely identify that characteristic fingerprint or iris realize the thought of certification based on human body, there has been proposed the concept of the unclonable function of physics (PhysicalUnclonableFunction is called for short PUF). The unclonable function of physics has been made various definitions by correlative theses both domestic and external and monograph, and briefly, the unclonable function of physics refers to a kind of physical entity, and the random difference opposite sex in its manufacture process makes this entity have nonclonability. Utilize this nonclonability, it is possible to uniquely identify single physical entity, it is achieved the effective certification to this physical entity. Based in the Verification System of PUF, when encouraging (challenge) signal function in PUF entity, exporting specific response (response) signal, response signal then contains the internal complicated structural information of this PUF entity. Due to the nonclonability of PUF, the safety based on the Verification System of PUF is guaranteed, and has boundless application prospect as secure authentication technology of future generation.
Propose the earliest and be accomplished that optics PUF(OpticalPUF, the unclonable function of physics), its core concept is as PUF using three-dimensional random scattering optical medium, form a complicated image (speckle) having light and shade speckle when laser exposes to PUF, contain the structural information of a large amount of PUF sample interior. In optics PUF Verification System, pumping signal is described by the physical parameter of incident laser, and the Two-Dimensional Speckle image of cameras record forms the data shorter, robustness the is higher response signal as this excitation through certain conversion process. People are based on the randomness difference formed in integrated circuit fabrication process afterwards, propose the electricity implementation of multiple PUF, as: moderator (Arbiter) PUFs, ring oscillator (RingOscillators, RO) PUFs, SRAM (StaticRandomAccessMemory, SRAM) PUFs etc. Compared with electricity PUFs, the safety of optics PUF is the highest, has nonclonability truly.
Although optics PUF itself has nonclonability, but the reading manner of the Challenge-response of employing classics, excited state and response state are easily ascertained. If assailant has stolen PUF entity or the information of Challenge-response data base, it is possible to attack, by digital simulation, the certification that carries out assuming another's name. In order to overcome the deficiency of classical Verification System safety, S.A.Goorden proposes the quantum authentication system of optically-based PUF, have employed the coherent light after altitude decay as light source, and the number of photons that each light pulse contains is little. The safety of this system can describe with quantum safety coefficient S=K/n, and wherein K is the pattern count of excitation light, and n is the average photon number of excitation light pulse, say, that the number of photons of excitation is more few, and the safety of system is more high.
But, this system needs the Wave-front phase adopting Phase-Shifting Interferometry to measure response light, and system complexity is higher, and the required precision of system environments noise and assembly is significantly high, realizes having higher difficulty and cost in engineer applied. Therefore, while ensureing system authentication safety, design is easier to realization, lower-cost quantum authentication system has very important significance.
Summary of the invention
The utility model discloses the quantum security certification system of a kind of optically-based PUF, it is desirable to provide a kind of safety is high, environment noise requires the Verification System low, system structure is simple, practical.
The quantum security certification system of the optically-based PUF that this utility model provides, its system structure includes:
Light source, as the excitation light source of quantum security certification system;
Spatial light modulator one, for carrying out wavefront modification to the output light of light source, it is thus achieved that specifically encourage light;
PUF, as the certification authority of quantum security certification system, can produce response light when excitation light incides on PUF, response light contains the internal structural information of PUF;
Spatial light modulator two, for being demodulated system by the response light that PUF produces;
Lens, focus on for the response light after being demodulated by spatial light modulator two, if the response light after demodulation is planar light, lens then can be focused into pin hole place, if the response light after demodulation is not planar light, it forms speckle distribution after lens;
Pin hole, for carrying out space filtering to the response light after lens focus;
Detector, for the recording responses light number of photons eventually through pin hole;
Computer, is used for controlling spatial light modulator two and detector, is simultaneously used for storage Challenge-response data base;
The outfan of described light source is placed in the front end of the input of spatial light modulator one, the outfan of spatial light modulator one is placed in the front end of the input of PUF, the outfan of PUF is placed in the front end of the input of spatial light modulator two, the outfan of spatial light modulator two is placed in the front end of the input of lens, the outfan of lens is placed in the front end of the input of pin hole, the outfan of pin hole is placed in the front end of the input of detector, the outfan of detector is placed in the front end of computer, and the control interface of spatial light modulator two is connected to computer.
Described quantum security certification system includes two working stages, is specially registration phase and authentication phase. At registration phase, computer adopts wavefront feedback control algorithm, the feedback result according to detector, spatial light modulator two is adjusted, until response light is demodulated to planar light, thus indirectly obtaining the wavefront information of response light. The excitation of described quantum security certification system and response describe by the wavefront information of excitation light and response light respectively, the excitation-response pair obtained in registration phase is stored in the Challenge-response data base of computer, for comparing with response signal to be certified in authentication phase, thus determining whether by certification.
The step of described registration phase is as follows:
Step A, the output light of light source produces a specific excitation light after spatial light modulator one is modulated, and this excitation light is described with its Wave-front phase, and namely the modulation intelligence matrix of spatial light modulator one correspondence describes;
Step B, excitation light is incident to PUF, and through repeatedly forming response light inside PUF after random scatter, response light is after spatial light modulator two demodulates, then in turn through entering detector after lens focus, pinhole filter, obtain the result to spatial light modulator two to be feedback;
Step C, computer adopts wavefront feedback control algorithm, spatial light modulator two is adjusted by the result according to detector feedback, until the number of photons entering detector after lens, pin hole is maximum, then response light demodulation is made for planar light, thus indirectly obtaining the wavefront information of response light, response light is then described by the modulation intelligence matrix of spatial light modulator two;
Step D, obtains describing the excitation matrix of light by step A and step C obtains describing the matrix composition excitation-response pair of response light, and is stored by excitation-response pair to the Challenge-response data base of computer;
Step E, repeats step A to D, it is thus achieved that more than 100 excitation-response pairs, concrete number is depending on safety requirements.
For linear system, the superposition state of excitation-response pair is still that an excitation-response pair of system, therefore only need to store the base that can describe all PUF excitation-response pair behaviors.
The step of described authentication phase is as follows:
Step a, sets decision thresholdN thIf, during certification enter detector number of photons more than or equal toN thThen certification is passed through, if during certification enter detector number of photons less thanN thThen certification is not passed through;
Step b, an excitation-response pair is arbitrarily chosen from Challenge-response data base, excitation matrix therein is loaded into spatial light modulator one and forms excitation light, excitation light action produces corresponding response light to PUF, the response matrix of excitation-response pair is loaded into spatial light modulator two this response light is demodulated system;
Step c, the number of photons that detector is detected and decision thresholdN thRelatively, it is determined whether by certification;
Step d, if the accuracy of authentication result need to be improved, then can select multiple excitation-response pair that PUF is carried out repeatedly certification, repeatedly repeats step b to c.
The safety of the quantum security certification system of this optically-based PUF, can be described by certification safety coefficient S=K/n, wherein K is the effective model number of excitation light, relevant with the modulating unit grid number of spatial light modulator, and n is average photon number in excitation light pulse. When in excitation light pulse, average photon number is more few, the safety of this system is more high, is therefore employed herein the coherent light after altitude decay or even single-photon source.
The quantum security certification system of this optically-based PUF, adopts a pair incident illumination of spatial light modulator to carry out wavefront modification and obtains excitation light different in a large number. Further, described spatial light modulator one is phase type or amplitude type spatial light modulator, and spatial light modulator two is phase type or amplitude type spatial light modulator.
Owing to PUF is a kind of three-dimensional random scattering medium, having nonclonability, when excitation light exports specific response light after PUF scattering, wherein response light is reflection light or the transmission light of PUF, and response light contains the internal complicated structural information of PUF.
Due to the impact by system environments noise and PUF position control accuracy, PUF position possibly cannot be positioned accurately at position during registration, and genuine PUF is likely to and cannot pass through certification, and this has resulted in " the refusal of mistake in use. For this, proposed here excitation-response pair assisted calibration method, the position of PUF carried out accurate calibration, reduce the requirement to system noise. Before certification, from Challenge-response data base, choose an excitation-response pair, be respectively loaded in spatial light modulator one and spatial light modulator two, fine setting PUF position make its response light enter detector number of photons maximum.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
1, the utility model proposes the coherent light after adopting altitude decay or single-photon source as light source, utilize the unclonable theorem of quantum state to improve the safety of this Verification System;
2, the utility model proposes employing spatial light modulator to be modulated before light wave, it is possible to obtain substantial amounts of excitation-response pair, the safety of equally possible raising system;
3, the utility model proposes employing wavefront feedback control algorithm and response light demodulation is made as planar light, indirectly obtain the wavefront information of response light, reduce the complexity of system structure;
4, the utility model proposes, before certification, utilize excitation-response pair assisted calibration method, PUF position is carried out accurate calibration, reduce the system requirement to using environment noise, improve the practicality of quantum security certification system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is theory structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Wherein, accompanying drawing is labeled as: 1 is light source, and 2 is spatial light modulator one, and 3 is PUF, and 4 is spatial light modulator two, and 5 is lens, and 6 is pin hole, and 7 is detector, and 8 is computer.
Fig. 2 is that this utility model adopts transmissive spatial light modulator, PUF to reflect the light structural representation as response;
Wherein, accompanying drawing is labeled as: 1 is light source, and 2 is spatial light modulator one, and 3 is PUF, and 4 is spatial light modulator two, and 5 is lens, and 6 is pin hole, and 7 is detector, and 8 is computer, and 9 is polarization splitting prism, and 10 is object lens.
Fig. 3 is that this utility model adopts reflective slms, PUF to reflect the light structural representation as response;
Wherein, accompanying drawing is labeled as: 1 is light source, and 2 is spatial light modulator one, and 3 is PUF, and 4 is spatial light modulator two, 5 is lens, and 6 is pin hole, and 7 is detector, and 8 is computer, 11 is Amici prism one, and 12 is polarization splitting prism, and 13 is object lens, and 14 is Amici prism two.
Fig. 4 is that this utility model adopts transmissive spatial light modulator, PUF transmission light as the structural representation of response;
Wherein, accompanying drawing is labeled as: 1 is light source, and 2 is spatial light modulator one, and 3 is PUF, and 4 is spatial light modulator two, and 5 is lens, and 6 is pin hole, and 7 is detector, and 8 is computer, and 15 is object lens one, and 16 is object lens two.
Detailed description of the invention
The quantum security certification system of the optically-based PUF that this utility model provides, its system structure schematic diagram is as it is shown in figure 1, include:
Light source 1, as the excitation light source of quantum security certification system;
Spatial light modulator 1, for carrying out wavefront modification to the output light of light source 1, it is thus achieved that specifically encourage light;
PUF3, as the certification authority of quantum security certification system, can produce response light when excitation light incides on PUF3, response light contains the internal structural information of PUF3;
Spatial light modulator 24, for being demodulated system by the response light that PUF3 produces;
Lens 5, focus on for the response light after being demodulated by spatial light modulator 24, if the response light after demodulation is planar light, lens 5 then can be focused into pin hole 6 place, if the response light after demodulation is not planar light, it forms speckle distribution after lens 5;
Pin hole 6, for carrying out space filtering to the response light after lens 5 focus on;
Detector 7, for the recording responses light number of photons eventually through pin hole 6;
Computer 8, is used for controlling spatial light modulator 24 and detector 7, is simultaneously used for storage Challenge-response data base;
The outfan of described light source 1 is placed in the front end of spatial light modulator 1, the outfan of spatial light modulator 1 is placed in the front end of PUF3, the response light outfan of PUF3 is placed in the front end of spatial light modulator 24, the outfan of spatial light modulator 24 is placed in the front end of lens 5, the outfan of lens 5 is placed in the front end of pin hole 6, the outfan of pin hole 6 is placed in the front end of detector 7, and the outfan of detector 7 is placed in the front end of computer 8, and the control interface of spatial light modulator 24 is connected to computer 8.
Described quantum security certification system includes two working stages, is specially registration phase and authentication phase. At registration phase, computer 8 adopts wavefront feedback control algorithm, and spatial light modulator 24 is adjusted by the feedback result according to detector 7, until response light is demodulated to planar light, thus indirectly obtaining the wavefront information of response light. The excitation of described quantum security certification system and response describe by the wavefront information of excitation light and response light respectively, the excitation-response pair obtained in registration phase is stored in the Challenge-response data base of computer 8, for comparing with response signal to be certified in authentication phase, thus determining whether by certification.
The step of described registration phase is as follows:
Step A, the output light of light source 1 produces a specific excitation light after spatial light modulator 1 is modulated, and this excitation light is described with its Wave-front phase, and namely the modulation intelligence matrix of spatial light modulator 1 correspondence describes;
Step B, excitation light is incident to PUF3, and through repeatedly forming response light inside PUF3 after random scatter, response light is after spatial light modulator 24 demodulates, focus on then in turn through lens 5, pin hole 6 enters detector 7 after filtering, and obtains the result to spatial light modulator 24 to be feedback;
Step C, computer 8 adopts wavefront feedback control algorithm, spatial light modulator 24 is adjusted by the result according to detector 7 feedback, until the number of photons entering detector 7 after lens 5, pin hole 6 is maximum, then response light demodulation is made for planar light, thus indirectly obtaining the wavefront information of response light, response light is then described by the modulation intelligence matrix of spatial light modulator 24;
Step D, obtains describing the excitation matrix of light by step A and step C obtains describing the matrix composition excitation-response pair of response light, and is stored by excitation-response pair to the Challenge-response data base of computer 8;
Step E, repeats step A to D, it is thus achieved that more than 100 excitation-response pairs, concrete number is depending on safety requirements.
For linear system, the superposition state of excitation-response pair is still that an excitation-response pair of system, therefore only need to store the base that can describe all PUF excitation-response pair behaviors.
The step of described authentication phase is as follows:
Step a, sets decision thresholdN thIf, during certification enter detector 7 number of photons more than or equal toN thThen certification is passed through, if during certification enter detector 7 number of photons less thanN thThen certification is not passed through;
Step b, an excitation-response pair is arbitrarily chosen from Challenge-response data base 9, excitation matrix therein is loaded into spatial light modulator 1 and forms excitation light, excitation light action produces corresponding response light to PUF3, the response matrix of excitation-response pair is loaded into 24 pairs of these response lights of spatial light modulator and is demodulated system;
Step c, the number of photons that detector 7 is detected and decision thresholdN thRelatively, it is determined whether by certification;
Step d, if the accuracy of authentication result need to be improved, then can select multiple excitation-response pair that PUF is carried out repeatedly certification, repeatedly repeats step b to c.
The safety of the quantum security certification system of this optically-based PUF, can be described by certification safety coefficient S=K/n, wherein K is the effective model number of excitation light, relevant with the modulating unit grid number of spatial light modulator, and n is average photon number in excitation light pulse. When in excitation light pulse, average photon number is more few, the safety of this system is more high, is therefore employed herein the coherent light after altitude decay or even single-photon source.
For making content of the present utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, this utility model is expanded on further below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
A kind of adopting transmissive spatial light modulator, PUF to reflect light as the quantum security certification system of response signal, its system structure schematic diagram is as in figure 2 it is shown, include:
Light source 1, is the coherent light after altitude decay or single-photon source, as the excitation light source of quantum security certification system;
Spatial light modulator 1, transmissive spatial light modulator, for carrying out wavefront modification to the output light of light source 1, it is thus achieved that specifically encourage light;
PUF3, as the certification authority of quantum security certification system, incides the reflection light produced on PUF3 as response light using excitation light, and response light contains the internal structural information of PUF3;
Spatial light modulator 24, adopts transmissive spatial light modulator, for the response light of PUF3 is demodulated system;
Lens 5, focus on for the response light after being demodulated by spatial light modulator 24, if the response light after demodulation is planar light, lens 5 then can be focused into pin hole 6 place, if the response light after demodulation is not planar light, it forms speckle distribution after lens 5;
Pin hole 6, for carrying out space filtering to the response light after lens 5 focus on;
Detector 7, for the recording responses light number of photons eventually through pin hole 6;
Computer 8, is used for controlling spatial light modulator 24 and detector 7, is simultaneously used for storage Challenge-response data base;
Polarization splitting prism 9, separates with excitation light for the response light reflected to form by PUF3;
Object lens 10, for light focusing illumination will be encouraged to PUF3, collect the reflection light of PUF3 as response light simultaneously.
Embodiment 2
A kind of adopting reflective slms, PUF to reflect light as the quantum security certification system of response signal, its system structure schematic diagram is as it is shown on figure 3, include:
Light source 1, is the coherent light after altitude decay or single-photon source, as the excitation light source of quantum security certification system;
Spatial light modulator 1, reflection-type type spatial light modulator, for carrying out wavefront modification to the output light of light source 1, it is thus achieved that specifically encourage light;
PUF3, as the certification authority of quantum security certification system, incides the reflection light produced on PUF3 as response light using excitation light, response light contains the internal structural information of PUF3;
Spatial light modulator 24, reflective slms, for being demodulated system by the response light of PUF3;
Lens 5, focus on for the response light after being demodulated by spatial light modulator 24, if the response light after demodulation is planar light, lens 5 then can be focused into pin hole 6 place, if the response light after demodulation is not planar light, it forms speckle distribution after lens 5;
Pin hole 6, for carrying out space filtering to the response light after lens 5 focus on;
Detector 7, for the recording responses light number of photons eventually through pin hole 6;
Computer 8, is used for controlling spatial light modulator 24 and detector 7, is simultaneously used for storage Challenge-response data base;
Amici prism 1 separates with the output light of light source 1 for the spatial light modulator 1 being reflected type is modulated the excitation light formed;
Polarization splitting prism 12, separates with excitation light for the response light reflected to form by PUF3;
Object lens 13, for light focusing illumination will be encouraged to PUF3, collect the reflection light of PUF3 as response light simultaneously.
Amici prism 2 14, is used for the response light after spatial light modulator 24 demodulation of the type that is reflected and separates.
Embodiment 3
A kind of adopt transmissive spatial light modulator, PUF transmission light as the quantum security certification system of response signal, its system structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4, including:
Light source 1, is the coherent light after altitude decay or single-photon source, as the excitation light source of quantum security certification system;
Spatial light modulator 1, transmissive spatial light modulator, for carrying out wavefront modification to the output light of light source 1, it is thus achieved that specifically encourage light;
PUF3, as the certification authority of quantum security certification system, incides the transmission light produced on PUF3 as response light using excitation light, and response light contains the internal structural information of PUF3;
Spatial light modulator 24, transmissive spatial light modulator, for being demodulated system by the response light of PUF3;
Lens 5, focus on for the response light after being demodulated by spatial light modulator 24, if the response light after demodulation is planar light, lens 5 then can be focused into pin hole 6 place, if the response light after demodulation is not planar light, it forms speckle distribution after lens 5;
Pin hole 6, for carrying out space filtering to the response light after lens 5 focus on;
Detector 7, for the recording responses light number of photons eventually through pin hole 6;
Computer 8, is used for controlling spatial light modulator 24 and detector 7, is simultaneously used for storage Challenge-response data base;
Object lens 1, for by excitation light focusing illumination to PUF3;
Object lens 2 16, are used for the transmission light collecting PUF3 as response light.
Particular embodiments described above; the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been further described; it is it should be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiment of the utility model; it is not limited to this utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (4)
1. the quantum security certification system of an optically-based PUF, it is characterised in that including:
Light source (1), for being formed the spatial light modulator one (2) of different excitation light by wavefront modification, PUF(3 as certification authority), for response light being demodulated the spatial light modulator two (4) of system, for the lens (5) that the response light after demodulation is focused on, for the response light after focusing on being carried out the pin hole (6) of space filtering, for the detector (7) of recording light subnumber, it is used for controlling spatial light modulator two (4), detector (7) and storing the computer (8) of excitation-response pair data base;
The outfan of described light source (1) is placed in the front end of spatial light modulator one (2), the outfan of spatial light modulator one (2) is placed in PUF(3) front end of input, PUF(3) outfan is placed in the front end of spatial light modulator two (4) input, the outfan of spatial light modulator two (4) is placed in the front end of lens (5) input, the outfan of lens (5) is placed in the front end of pin hole (6) input, the outfan of pin hole (6) is placed in the front end of detector (7) input, the outfan of detector (7) is placed in the front end of computer (8), the control interface of spatial light modulator two (4) is connected to computer (8).
2. the quantum security certification system of optically-based PUF according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: adopt the coherent light after altitude decay or single-photon source as light source (1).
3. the quantum security certification system of optically-based PUF according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described PUF(3) it is a kind of three-dimensional random scattering medium.
4. the quantum security certification system of optically-based PUF according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described spatial light modulator one (2) is phase type or amplitude type spatial light modulator, spatial light modulator two (4) is phase type or amplitude type spatial light modulator.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110945395A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2020-03-31 | 哥本哈根大学 | Coherent single photon source |
| CN113541964A (en) * | 2021-07-17 | 2021-10-22 | 太原理工大学 | Double-pass interference type identity verification system based on photorefractive crystal PUF |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110945395A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2020-03-31 | 哥本哈根大学 | Coherent single photon source |
| CN113541964A (en) * | 2021-07-17 | 2021-10-22 | 太原理工大学 | Double-pass interference type identity verification system based on photorefractive crystal PUF |
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