CN205193838U - Three -dimensional channel device of dysmorphism antenna - Google Patents
Three -dimensional channel device of dysmorphism antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN205193838U CN205193838U CN201520892723.7U CN201520892723U CN205193838U CN 205193838 U CN205193838 U CN 205193838U CN 201520892723 U CN201520892723 U CN 201520892723U CN 205193838 U CN205193838 U CN 205193838U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a three -dimensional channel device of dysmorphism antenna, which comprises a power supply module. Radio frequency reader, power module's output is connected to its input, the time division multiplex module, radio frequency reader's output is connected to its input, and two special -shaped antenna groups, its output of all connecting the time division multiplex module, the same and two parallel antenna frames having the interval of a magnetic field direction including producing in two special -shaped antenna groups, opposite and two the parallel antenna frames having the interval of another magnetic field direction including producing, wherein, power module is used for providing the power, and radio frequency reader is used for producing radiofrequency signal and control signal, and the time division multiplex module is used for transmitting radiofrequency signal to two dysmorphism antenna group under control signal's effect, two dysmorphism antenna group be used for with radiofrequency signal send away around detecting RFID tag and when detecting RFID tag radio frequency reader 0 to radio frequency reader. The utility model discloses can improve the detection efficiency and the reduce cost of label.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID, RadioFrequencyIdentification) technical field, particularly relates to a kind of three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna.
Background technology
Rfid system is generally main comprises the read write line controlling emission of radio frequency signals, reception and information processing, the radio-frequency antenna matched with read write line, needs the detected radio-frequency (RF) tag identified.When normally working, read write line is responsible for sending the data command according to certain protocol code, after its modulation through read write line inside and power amplifier, the radiofrequency signal with order of certain power can be produced, the certain area around radio-frequency antenna is radiated by radio-frequency antenna, when qualified radio-frequency (RF) tag enters this field region, the energy that magnetic field is carried can activate radio-frequency (RF) tag, radio-frequency (RF) tag can parse the command information that read write line sends, and according to order, self-contained relevant information is modulated to receiving circuit magnetic field being fed back to read write line by radio-frequency antenna, read write line is to after the information analysis received, record accordingly or acousto-optic instruction, complete detection and the reading of radio frequency label.In rfid system, radio-frequency antenna plays vital effect, which determine spatial dimension and the direction of the radiofrequency signal reading that read write line is launched, in existing three-dimensional channel device, generally form aerial array by multiple radio-frequency antenna, the three-dimensional then realizing label by switching radio-frequency antenna reads.
The aerial array of existing three-dimensional channel device is generally made up of six or four antennas.Six aerial array distributions are generally that passage both sides respectively have three rectangle frame antennas, certain overlap is had between three antennas, and read to realize non-blind area, meeting power divider, antenna switching unit carry out the control work of respective antenna, carry out antenna switch and power division process in can need longer poll time, and the emissive power of read write line can weaken corresponding detecting distance accordingly can reduce.The distributional class of four aerial arrays and six aerial arrays seemingly, just four aerial arrays are larger in the overlapping area of upper and lower two frames, the Active Area of label and Detection results have and reduces greatly, and the time of training in rotation work one-period is longer, skip or to read incomplete phenomenon more serious when detecting more label.For six antennas and four aerial array groups, the antenna of idle antenna on work also has larger impact.
Utility model content
Based on this, be necessary the three-dimensional channel device that a kind of special-shaped antenna is provided, while realizing the three-dimensional reading of label, effectively reduce skip rate.
A three-dimensional channel device for special-shaped antenna, comprising:
Power module;
Frequency read/write, the input end of described frequency read/write connects the output terminal of described power module, for generation of carrying the radiofrequency signal of tag reader and operation and controlling the control signal of time division multiplex module;
Time division multiplex module, the input end of described time division multiplex module connects the output terminal of described frequency read/write, under the effect of described control signal by radio signal transmission to a two special-shaped antenna group; And
Two special-shaped antenna groups, described two special-shaped antenna groups all connect the output terminal of described time division multiplex module, for radiofrequency signal is sent the radio-frequency (RF) tag that detects around and when described radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected feedback signal to described frequency read/write;
Wherein, one in described two special-shaped antenna groups magnetic direction comprising generation is identical and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing, and it is contrary and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing that another comprises the magnetic direction of generation.
The three-dimensional channel device of the above special-shaped antenna, adopts two special-shaped antenna groups, all has certain spacing between the parallel antenna frame in two special-shaped antenna groups, does not have overlapping part, can improve the detection height of label; The magnetic direction of one in two special-shaped antenna groups two of comprising parallel antenna frame generation is identical, the magnetic direction that the parallel antenna frame of another two of comprising produces is contrary, the magnetic field that two special-shaped antenna groups are produced has complementary effect, increases the sensing range of label; Two special-shaped antenna groups can time-sharing work under the effect of control signal, and two special-shaped antenna groups can switch fast, effectively can improve the detection efficiency of label; Two special-shaped antenna groups need not arrange antenna switch module and power division module as in the prior art, effectively can reduce production cost.
Wherein in an embodiment, described power module comprises:
Change-over circuit, for being converted to the low-voltage DC that can be described frequency read/write and time division multiplex module and provide by external power source.
Wherein in an embodiment, described frequency read/write comprises:
Microcontroller chip;
The radio frequency transmitter circuitry be connected with described microcontroller chip;
The radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit be connected with described microcontroller chip; And
The control circuit be connected with described microcontroller chip;
Described radio frequency transmitter circuitry is for generation of the radiofrequency signal carrying tag reader and operation, the signal that described radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit is fed back when radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected for receiving described two special-shaped antenna groups, described microcontroller chip is used for analyzing the signal of described feedback, and described control circuit is for generation of the control signal controlling described time division multiplex module.
Wherein in an embodiment, described time division multiplex module comprises:
Control switching circuit; And
The HF switch be connected with described two special-shaped antenna groups respectively;
Described control switching circuit is used under the effect of described control signal, drive opening and closing of described HF switch;
Described HF switch connects an input end be connected with described radio frequency transmitter circuitry jointly, and described HF switch all has an output terminal, and described HF switch is connected with described corresponding special-shaped antenna group by described output terminal;
Wherein, when described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to close under the effect of described control signal, the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to described HF switch is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to described special-shaped antenna group by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry; When described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to open under the effect of described control signal, the quit work radiofrequency signal that produced by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry and described special-shaped antenna group of the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to described HF switch is kept apart.
Wherein in an embodiment, described control signal is current signal, corresponding, described control switching circuit is current converter circuit, and described current converter circuit drives opening with closed of described HF switch by described current signal being converted to heavy current signal.
Wherein in an embodiment, described two special-shaped antenna groups are all connected with the antenna matching module of described special-shaped antenna group being carried out to impedance matching, the input end of described antenna matching module connects the output terminal of corresponding described HF switch, and the output terminal of described antenna matching module connects described special-shaped antenna group;
Wherein, when described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to close under the effect of described control signal, described antenna matching module carries out impedance matching to described special-shaped antenna group, by the frequency resonance of described special-shaped antenna group to 13.56M, output impedance is converted into 50 Ω, meanwhile, described special-shaped antenna group is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to described special-shaped antenna group by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry.
Wherein in an embodiment, described parallel antenna frame is echelon antenna frame.
Wherein in an embodiment, described echelon antenna frame is right-angled trapezium antenna frame.
Wherein in an embodiment, the angle at the on-right angle base angle of described right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 45 degree.
Wherein in an embodiment, the hypotenuse of two right-angled trapezium antenna frames in described two special-shaped antenna groups aligns parallel placement mutually, and the ratio between the length on vertical range between the hypotenuse of described two right-angled trapezium antenna frames and the wherein shorter base of any one right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 1:5.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the three-dimensional channel device of the special-shaped antenna of an embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the structural drawing of two special-shaped antenna groups in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the utility model, and be not used in restriction the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional channel device of the special-shaped antenna of an embodiment comprises:
Power module 110;
Frequency read/write 120, the input end of frequency read/write 120 connects the output terminal of described power module 110;
Time division multiplex module 130, the input end of time division multiplex module 130 connects the output terminal of frequency read/write 120; And
Two special-shaped antenna groups 150 and 160, two special-shaped antenna groups all connect the output terminal of time division multiplex module 130;
It is identical and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing that one (in the present embodiment for special-shaped antenna group 150) in described two special-shaped antenna groups comprises the magnetic direction of generation, and the magnetic direction that another (being special-shaped antenna group 160 in the present embodiment) comprises generation is contrary and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing;
Wherein, power module 110 is for providing power supply to frequency read/write 120 and time division multiplex module 130, frequency read/write 120 is for generation of carrying the radiofrequency signal of tag reader and operation and controlling the control signal of time division multiplex module 130, time division multiplex module 130 under the effect of control signal by radio signal transmission to a two special-shaped antenna group, two special-shaped antenna groups be used for radiofrequency signal to send detect radio-frequency (RF) tag around and when radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected feedback signal to frequency read/write 120.
The three-dimensional channel device of the above special-shaped antenna, adopts two special-shaped antenna groups, all has certain spacing between the parallel antenna frame in two special-shaped antenna groups, does not have overlapping part, can improve the detection height of label; The magnetic direction of one in two special-shaped antenna groups two of comprising parallel antenna frame generation is identical, the magnetic direction that the parallel antenna frame of another two of comprising produces is contrary, the magnetic field that two special-shaped antenna groups are produced has complementary effect, increases the sensing range of label; Two special-shaped antenna groups can time-sharing work under the effect of control signal, and two special-shaped antenna groups can switch fast, effectively can improve the detection efficiency of label; Two special-shaped antenna groups need not arrange antenna switch module and power division module as in the prior art, effectively can reduce production cost.
Wherein, power module 110 comprises change-over circuit, and change-over circuit is used for external power source to be converted to the low-voltage DC that can be frequency read/write 120 and time division multiplex module 130 and provide.External power source is generally high-voltage alternating civil power, just can use after having to pass through conversion, to ensure well-formedness and the security of use.
Frequency read/write 120 comprises:
Microcontroller chip;
The radio frequency transmitter circuitry be connected with microcontroller chip;
The radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit be connected with microcontroller chip; And
The control circuit be connected with microcontroller chip.
Radio frequency transmitter circuitry is for generation of the radiofrequency signal carrying tag reader and operation, the signal that radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit is fed back when radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected for receiving two special-shaped antenna groups, microcontroller chip is used for analyzing the signal of feedback, and control circuit is for generation of the control signal controlling time division multiplex module.Microcontroller chip can adopt different process chip, the functions such as the information decoding after it can also realize label detection, data report, authority judgement.Frequency read/write 120 has been processing enters that radiofrequency signal generates and the final label signal fed back receives, and in the present embodiment, frequency read/write 120 also produces control signal to control time division multiplex module 130.
Concrete, time division multiplex module 130 comprises control switching circuit and the HF switch be connected with two special-shaped antenna groups respectively, control switching circuit is used under the effect of control signal, drive opening and closing of HF switch, HF switch connects an input end be connected with radio frequency transmitter circuitry jointly, HF switch all has an output terminal, and HF switch is connected with corresponding special-shaped antenna group by output terminal; Wherein, when driving HF switch to close under the effect of control switching circuit in control signal, the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to HF switch is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to special-shaped antenna group by radio frequency transmitter circuitry; When driving HF switch to open under the effect of control switching circuit in control signal, the quit work radiofrequency signal that produced by radio frequency transmitter circuitry and special-shaped antenna group of the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to HF switch is kept apart.In the present embodiment, owing to adopting the form of two special-shaped antenna group time-sharing works, can when adopting HF switch and the control switching circuit of minimum number, the tagged readable region of very big increasing, and two special-shaped antenna group time-sharing polling work, can mutually make up the other side blind area, thus the three-dimensional that can realize label reads, effectively reduces skip rate.
What realize due to control signal is control to HF switch, therefore, the control circuit producing control signal can be the circuit simply producing switching signal control, and it can integrate with microcontroller chip, also can be the independent control circuit be connected with microcontroller chip.Control signal can be current signal, and corresponding control switching circuit is current converter circuit, and current converter circuit drives opening with closed of HF switch by current signal being converted to heavy current signal.The current signal that usual frequency read/write 120 produces is more weak, and uncontrollable HF switch, can control HF switch after being converted to heavy current signal, also the accuracy of control can be improved, when two special-shaped antenna groups switch, improve the success ratio switched, and then improve the read rate of label.
As shown in Figure 1, two special-shaped antenna groups are all connected with the antenna matching module 140 of special-shaped antenna group being carried out to impedance matching, the input end of antenna matching module 140 connects the output terminal of corresponding HF switch, and the output terminal of antenna matching module 140 connects special-shaped antenna group; Wherein, when driving HF switch to close under the effect of control switching circuit in control signal, antenna matching module 140 pairs of special-shaped antenna groups carry out impedance matching, by the frequency resonance of special-shaped antenna group to 13.56M, output impedance is converted into 50 Ω, meanwhile, special-shaped antenna group is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to special-shaped antenna group by radio frequency transmitter circuitry.After carrying out impedance matching by antenna matching module 140, the special-shaped antenna group of the radiofrequency signal arrival work as much as possible that frequency read/write 120 sends can be ensured, and radiate by special-shaped antenna group.
As shown in Figure 2, in two special-shaped antenna groups 150 and 160, two parallel antenna frames are echelon antenna frame.Enough large in order to ensure the readable region of the label of three-dimensional channel device, embodiment adds the height of echelon antenna frame, and between parallel echelon antenna frame, there is certain spacing, avoid the overlap between antenna frame, therefore, the overlapping area between antenna need not be relied on to eliminate check frequency, directly can increase the readable region area to label.The blind area of a different directions can be there is respectively in the magnetic field due to two special-shaped antenna groups formation in the middle of the special-shaped antenna group of correspondence, this blind area can produce certain impact to the spacing of putting between passage, therefore, the magnetic field of different directions is needed to make up middle blind area, so adopt two third sides to the form of contrary special-shaped antenna group complementation in the present embodiment, specifically as shown in Figure 2, in figure, in the special-shaped antenna group of left side, the parallel antenna frame placed can produce identical magnetic direction, and in the special-shaped antenna group of right side, the parallel antenna frame placed can produce contrary magnetic direction.
For better realizing complementation, as shown in Figure 2, antenna frame is right-angled trapezium antenna, and the angle at the on-right angle base angle of right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 45 degree, as in Fig. 2 angle θ=45 ° that mark.
As shown in Figure 2, the echelon antenna frame in two special-shaped antenna groups is when placing, and the spacing size between two hypotenuses of echelon antenna frame can change the tag reader blind area of zone line, and the spacing of two hypotenuses is less, and horizontal direction detecting distance is far away.For reaching the effect reducing blind area, the hypotenuse of two right-angled trapezium antenna frames in two special-shaped antenna groups aligns parallel placement mutually, and the ratio between the length on vertical range between the hypotenuse of two right-angled trapezium antenna frames and the wherein shorter base of any one right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 1:5, the L:D namely marked in Fig. 2 is 5:1.
Concrete, the present embodiment is by realizing with under type:
Power module 110 connects external power source and powers on, and frequency read/write 120 completes the initialization of correlation parameter, sets up relevant communication and connects;
After the master data normal load of frequency read/write 120 completes, export control signal and radiofrequency signal, wherein control signal is sent to time division multiplex module 130 and controls a HF switch conducting in time division multiplex module 130, make corresponding special-shaped antenna group 150 in running order, antenna matching module 140 pairs of special-shaped antenna groups 150 carry out impedance matching simultaneously, by its frequency resonance to 13.56M, output impedance is converted into 50 Ω;
Radiofrequency signal is transferred to the special-shaped antenna group 150 completing coupling through antenna matching module 140 by the HF switch opened, special-shaped antenna group 150 works and launches the space magnetic field of respective direction;
After special-shaped antenna group 150 completes the reading of its surrounding space magnetic field interior label, control signal controls time division multiplex module 130 and switches to next HF switch conducting, make corresponding special-shaped antenna group 160 in running order, matching module 140 pairs of special-shaped antenna groups 160 of special-shaped antenna group 160 carry out impedance matching simultaneously, by the frequency resonance of special-shaped antenna group 160 to 13.56M, output impedance is converted into 50 Ω;
Radiofrequency signal is transferred to the special-shaped antenna group 160 completing coupling through matching module 140 by the HF switch opened, special-shaped antenna group 160 works and launches the space magnetic field with special-shaped antenna group 150 direction complementation, completes the reading of three-dimensional label in channel range;
After label in special-shaped antenna group 160 pairs of spaces has detected, control signal control time division multiplex module 130 switches corresponding HF switch conducting makes special-shaped antenna group 150 work, and poll repeats said process successively.
Each technical characteristic of the above embodiment can combine arbitrarily, for making description succinct, the all possible combination of each technical characteristic in above-described embodiment is not all described, but, as long as the combination of these technical characteristics does not exist contradiction, be all considered to be the scope that this instructions is recorded.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present utility model, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to utility model patent scope.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the concept of the premise utility, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection domain of the present utility model.Therefore, the protection domain of the utility model patent should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a three-dimensional channel device for special-shaped antenna, is characterized in that, comprising:
Power module;
Frequency read/write, the input end of described frequency read/write connects the output terminal of described power module, for generation of carrying the radiofrequency signal of tag reader and operation and controlling the control signal of time division multiplex module;
Time division multiplex module, the input end of described time division multiplex module connects the output terminal of described frequency read/write, under the effect of described control signal by radio signal transmission to a two special-shaped antenna group; And
Two special-shaped antenna groups, described two special-shaped antenna groups all connect the output terminal of described time division multiplex module, for radiofrequency signal is sent the radio-frequency (RF) tag that detects around and when described radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected feedback signal to described frequency read/write;
Wherein, one in described two special-shaped antenna groups magnetic direction comprising generation is identical and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing, and it is contrary and have two parallel antenna frames of spacing that another comprises the magnetic direction of generation.
2. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power module comprises:
Change-over circuit, for being converted to the low-voltage DC that can be described frequency read/write and time division multiplex module and provide by external power source.
3. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described frequency read/write comprises:
Microcontroller chip;
The radio frequency transmitter circuitry be connected with described microcontroller chip;
The radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit be connected with described microcontroller chip; And
The control circuit be connected with described microcontroller chip;
Described radio frequency transmitter circuitry is for generation of the radiofrequency signal carrying tag reader and operation, the signal that described radio-frequency (RF) receiving circuit is fed back when radio-frequency (RF) tag being detected for receiving described two special-shaped antenna groups, described microcontroller chip is used for analyzing the signal of described feedback, and described control circuit is for generation of the control signal controlling described time division multiplex module.
4. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described time division multiplex module comprises:
Control switching circuit; And
The HF switch be connected with described two special-shaped antenna groups respectively;
Described control switching circuit is used under the effect of described control signal, drive opening and closing of described HF switch;
Described HF switch connects an input end be connected with described radio frequency transmitter circuitry jointly, and described HF switch all has an output terminal, and described HF switch is connected with described corresponding special-shaped antenna group by described output terminal;
Wherein, when described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to close under the effect of described control signal, the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to described HF switch is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to described special-shaped antenna group by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry; When described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to open under the effect of described control signal, the quit work radiofrequency signal that produced by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry and described special-shaped antenna group of the special-shaped antenna group that connect corresponding to described HF switch is kept apart.
5. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described control signal is current signal, corresponding, described control switching circuit is current converter circuit, and described current converter circuit drives opening with closed of described HF switch by described current signal being converted to heavy current signal.
6. the three-dimensional channel device of the special-shaped antenna according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, described two special-shaped antenna groups are all connected with the antenna matching module of described special-shaped antenna group being carried out to impedance matching, the input end of described antenna matching module connects the output terminal of corresponding described HF switch, and the output terminal of described antenna matching module connects described special-shaped antenna group;
Wherein, when described control switching circuit drives described HF switch to close under the effect of described control signal, described antenna matching module carries out impedance matching to described special-shaped antenna group, by the frequency resonance of described special-shaped antenna group to 13.56M, output impedance is converted into 50 Ω, meanwhile, described special-shaped antenna group is started working, and the radiofrequency signal of generation is sent to described special-shaped antenna group by described radio frequency transmitter circuitry.
7. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described parallel antenna frame is echelon antenna frame.
8. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described echelon antenna frame is right-angled trapezium antenna frame.
9. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the angle at the on-right angle base angle of described right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 45 degree.
10. the three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that, the hypotenuse of two right-angled trapezium antenna frames in described two special-shaped antenna groups aligns parallel placement mutually, and the ratio between the length on vertical range between the hypotenuse of described two right-angled trapezium antenna frames and the wherein shorter base of any one right-angled trapezium antenna frame is 1:5.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105389605A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-09 | 威海北洋电气集团股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional channel apparatus for special-shaped antenna |
CN109460688A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-03-12 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | Three-dimensional settlement channel device and its application method based on isosceles triangle antenna |
CN109524798A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-26 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Path Recognition antenna, relevant apparatus and associated method |
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CN105389605A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-09 | 威海北洋电气集团股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional channel apparatus for special-shaped antenna |
CN105389605B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-07-31 | 威海北洋电气集团股份有限公司 | The three-dimensional channel device of special-shaped antenna |
CN109460688A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-03-12 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | Three-dimensional settlement channel device and its application method based on isosceles triangle antenna |
CN109460688B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2021-11-09 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | Three-dimensional settlement channel device based on delta-shaped antenna and using method thereof |
CN109524798A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-26 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Path Recognition antenna, relevant apparatus and associated method |
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