CN204759398U - Hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase is undulant - Google Patents
Hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase is undulant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase is undulant, and comprises a laser light source, the double beam interferometer, phase control system, photoelectric detector and adc, the double beam interferometer includes the circulator, the beam splitter, first speculum and the second mirror, phase control system includes the voltage controlled phase shifter, the ray radiation of laser lamp -house's output is interfered through the double beam interferometer, the double beam interferometer is provided with the voltage controlled phase shifter on one of them interference light way, phase control system guarantees through adjusting the voltage -controlled looks ware that moves that two phase differences of interfering the light path keep in the predetermined value, thereby realize laser lamp -house's the phase place fluctuation and the output light intensity one -to -one of interferometer, original data through photoelectric detector and adc output random number, original data obtains ultimate quantum random number through the aftertreatment. The utility model discloses a technique is raised difficult questions and to be increased substantially generation of random number speed.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to superfast quantum random number generation technology, is specifically related to the hypervelocity quantum random number hair device based on laser phase fluctuation.
Background technology
Random number is a kind of widely used basic resource, and randomizer is just used to a kind of device producing random number sequence.Randomizer of good performance has extensive and important application in various fields such as quantum communications, cryptography, gambling, Monte Carlo simulation, numerical evaluation, random sampling etc.
According to the characteristic of random number, random number can be divided into two classes: pseudo random number and true random number.Pseudo random number is produced by the algorithm based on certain specific initial value usually, and for the algorithm determined and the initial value given algorithm, its random number sequence is determined, so in essence and the random number sequence of really.Therefore cannot be used for some for the higher field of security requirement.
True random number has following three features usually: unpredictability, nonrepeatability, unbiasedness.Real random number generator needs the physical system based on having nature randomness really usually, and physical system can be divided into classical with quantum.Based on the quantum random number generator of quantum physics system, clear, objective, the safety in its randomness source, being particularly suitable for requiring higher application scenarios for randomness, is developing direction in recent years.
In existing quantum random number generator scheme, based on the scheme of single photon routing, its bit rate reaches for 1Mbps magnitude, and based on the scheme of photon time of arrival, its bit rate reaches 100Mbps magnitude.For high speed quantum communication system of future generation, the random number of needs reaches more than 10Gbps, and this just needs new technical scheme to meet the demand of bit rate.
Utility model content
Primary and foremost purpose of the present utility model is to provide a kind of hypervelocity quantum random number hair device based on laser phase fluctuation, comprises LASER Light Source, double beam interferometer, phase control system, photodetector and analog to digital converter, wherein,
Described double beam interferometer comprises circulator, beam splitter, the first catoptron and the second catoptron,
Described beam splitter comprises the first port B1, the second port B2 that are arranged on input side and the 3rd port B3 being arranged on outgoing side, the 4th port B4;
Phase control system comprises voltage-controlled phase shifter, and the input end of described first port B1 and described phase control system adopts optical fibre coupling; Described 3rd port B3 successively with described voltage-controlled phase shifter and the first catoptron Fiber connection, described 4th port B4 and described second catoptron Fiber connection;
The input end C1 of described circulator and the output terminal of LASER Light Source adopt optical fibre coupling, transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 and the described second port B2 of described circulator adopt optical fibre coupling, and the output terminal C3 of described circulator and the input end of described photodetector adopt optical fibre coupling;
The output terminal of described photodetector is connected with the input end of described analog to digital converter.
Described phase control system also comprises the light power meter, PID controller and the piezo controller that connect successively, input end and the described first port B1 of described light power meter adopt optical fibre coupling, and the output terminal of described piezo controller is connected with the control end of described voltage-controlled phase shifter.
Described LASER Light Source is used for laser beam to output in described double beam interferometer,
The light beam interfered for making the laser beam generation two-beam interference of input, and is divided into two light beams output by described double beam interferometer, and wherein a branch of light beam outputs to phase control system, and another light beams outputs to photodetector;
Described phase control system comprises the voltage-controlled phase shifter be arranged on one of them optical interference circuit of described double beam interferometer, described phase control system is used for the voltage of voltage-controlled phase shifter according to the light beam regulation of input, thus makes the phase differential of the light beam on two of double beam interferometer optical interference circuits remain on predetermined value;
Described analog to digital converter is used for the signal that described photodetector exports to be converted to digital signal, generates original random number sequence according to described digital signal.
Described beam splitter is used for the light beam being input to described second port B2 to be divided into two bundles, export from described 3rd port B3 and the 4th port B4 respectively, two light beams is divided into after the light beam of described beam splitter also for making described 3rd port B3 and the 4th port B4 return interferes, wherein a branch of light beam outputs to described phase control system from described first port B1, and another light beams outputs to described photodetector from described second port B2.
Further, described double beam interferometer also comprises circulator, and the input end C1 of described circulator is for receiving the laser beam of LASER Light Source output;
The laser beam that the transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 of described circulator is used for input end C1 receives outputs to described second port B2, the transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 of described circulator 21 also for the light beam exported from described second port B2 being outputted to the output terminal C3 of circulator 21,
The output terminal C3 of described circulator is used for the light beam of input to output to described photodetector.
The input end of described light power meter is for receiving the light beam of described first port B1 output.
The input end of described first port B1 and described phase control system adopts optical fibre coupling.
Described 4th port B4, voltage-controlled phase shifter and the first catoptron form the first optical interference circuit, and described 3rd port B3 and the first catoptron form the second optical interference circuit;
The input end C1 of described circulator is connected with the output terminal of LASER Light Source, and the transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 of described circulator is connected with described second port B2, and the output terminal C3 of described circulator is connected with the input end of described photodetector;
The input end of described first port B1 and described phase control system adopts optical fibre coupling.
Preferably, the splitting ratio of described beam splitter is 50:50.
Preferably, described LASER Light Source is continuous laser source.
Preferably, Fiber connection is between each assembly of described double beam interferometer.
Preferably, described first catoptron and the second catoptron are faraday rotation mirror.
Alternatively, described beam splitter is polarization-maintaining beam splitter, and described optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Preferably, the operation wavelength of described LASER Light Source is 1550nm, and LASER Light Source is laser diode.
Correspondingly, the utility model additionally provides a kind of hypervelocity quantum random number method for generation based on laser phase fluctuation, comprises the following steps:
S1, generation laser beam;
S2, laser beam is divided into two light beams interferes;
S3, by interfere after light beam be divided into two light beams, wherein a branch of light beam outputs to phase control system, phase control system regulates the phase place of the light beam on one of them optical interference circuit according to the interfering beam of input, makes the phase differential of the light beam on two optical interference circuits remain on predetermined value; Another light beams outputs to photodetector;
S4, the signal that photodetector exports is converted to digital signal, generates original random number sequence.
The utility model comprises LASER Light Source, double beam interferometer, phase control system, photodetector and analog to digital converter, the optical radiation of the output of LASER Light Source is interfered by double beam interferometer, between two optical interference circuits of double beam interferometer, there is predetermined access arm length difference, an optical interference circuit is provided with voltage-controlled phase shifter wherein, phase control system remains on predetermined value by regulating described voltage-controlled phase shifter to ensure the phase differential of two optical interference circuits, thus realize the phase fluctuation of LASER Light Source and the output intensity one_to_one corresponding of interferometer, the raw data of random number is exported by photodetector and analog to digital converter, described raw data obtains final quantum random number through aftertreatment.
The utility model by by the random phase information of photon spontaneous radiation, changes into random intensity signal, then carries out high-speed sampling and obtain high speed quantum random number sequence.LASER Light Source sends uniform continuous laser, converts phase fluctuation to light intensity change through interferometer, then converts information of voltage feeding analog to digital converter to by photodetector, obtains original random number sequence.Original random number passes through the Toeplitz matrix disposal based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) again, obtains the final random number that randomness can be proved by information theory, can by test for randomnesss such as NIST.Compared with adopting the quantum random number generator of single photon detection scheme in prior art, main advantage of the present utility model is that the quantum random number scheme produced based on laser phase fluctuation can increase substantially random number and produce speed.Single photon detection scheme is limited to the counting rate of single-photon detector usually, makes the bit rate of the program be difficult to breakthrough 100,000,000 magnitude.The random number bit rate that technical scheme in the utility model finally generates can reach more than 50Gbps, drastically increases the generation speed of random number.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art and advantage, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only embodiments more of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation that the utility model embodiment provides;
Fig. 2 be the utility model embodiment provide based on laser phase fluctuation the bit rate of hypervelocity quantum random number generator and the relation curve of sampling rate;
In figure: 1-LASER Light Source, 2-double beam interferometer, 3-phase control system, 4-photodetector, 5-analog to digital converter, 21-circulator, 22-beam splitter, 24-first catoptron, 25-second catoptron, 31-light power meter, 32-PID controller, 33-piezo controller, 34-voltage-controlled phase shifter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment, obviously, described embodiment is only the utility model part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite not making creative work, all belongs to the scope of the utility model protection.
Embodiment:
Refer to Fig. 1, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation, comprises LASER Light Source 1, double beam interferometer 2, phase control system 3, photodetector 4 and analog to digital converter 5,
Described double beam interferometer 2 comprises circulator 21, beam splitter 22, first catoptron 24 and the second catoptron 25,
Described beam splitter 22 comprises the first port B1, the second port B2 that are arranged on input side and the 3rd port B3 being arranged on outgoing side, the 4th port B4; Circulator 21 comprises input end C1, receives and dispatches multiplexing end C2 and output terminal C3,
Described phase control system 3 comprises light power meter 31, PID controller 32 and the piezo controller 33 and piezoelectricity phase shifter 34 that connect successively, the input end of described light power meter 31 is connected with described first port B1, and the output terminal of described piezo controller 33 is connected with the control end of voltage-controlled phase shifter 34.Piezoelectricity phase shifter 34 is arranged in one of them optical interference circuit of double beam interferometer.
Described 4th port B4, voltage-controlled phase shifter 34 and the first catoptron 24 form the first optical interference circuit of double beam interferometer 2, and described 3rd port B3 and the second catoptron 25 form double beam interferometer 2 second optical interference circuit;
Double beam interferometer 2 has two optical interference circuits for generation of two-beam interference, is called the first optical interference circuit and the second optical interference circuit, and the first optical interference circuit and the second optical interference circuit are also referred to as the two-arm of interferometer.The path length of the two-arm of interferometer is different, and light path is different, then light is different through two paths spent times, and light is the access arm length difference of double beam interferometer 2 through the mistiming that two paths consume;
The input end C1 of described circulator 21 and the output terminal of LASER Light Source 1 adopt optical fibre coupling, transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 and the described second port B2 of described circulator 21 adopt optical fibre coupling, and the output terminal C3 of described circulator 21 and the input end of described photodetector 4 adopt optical fibre coupling;
The input end of described first port B1 and described phase control system 3 adopts optical fibre coupling.
The type of described double beam interferometer 2 comprises Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Michelson interferometer.
The splitting ratio of described beam splitter 22 is 50:50.
The continuous coherent light that LASER Light Source 1 exports is input to the input end C1 of circulator 21, is outputted to the second port B2 of beam splitter 22, and exported by the 3rd port B3, the 4th port B4 respectively after beam splitter 22 beam splitting by the multiplexing end C2 of the transmitting-receiving of circulator 21; The light exported by the 3rd port B3 reflects back into the 3rd port B3 through the second catoptron 25, and the light exported by the 4th port B4, successively after voltage-controlled phase shifter 34, reflects back into the 4th port B4 by the first catoptron 24; The two-way light reflecting back into the 3rd port B3 and the 4th port B4 interferes in beam splitter 22, and be divided into two-way by beam splitter 22, wherein route second port outputs to the multiplexing end C2 of transmitting-receiving of circulator 21, and outputs to photodetector 4 by the output terminal C3 of circulator 21; Another road outputs to the input end of light power meter 31.Phase control system 3 controls voltage-controlled phase shifter 34 control phase according to the light signal of input and meets predetermined condition.
Analog to digital converter 5 is converted to digital signal for the signal exported by described photodetector 4, thus generates original random number sequence.
Fiber connection is between each assembly of described double beam interferometer 2.
Described first catoptron 24 and the second catoptron 25 are faraday rotation mirror.Alternatively, described beam splitter 22 is polarization-maintaining beam splitter 22, and described optical fiber is polarization maintaining optical fibre.
The operation wavelength of described LASER Light Source is 1550nm, and LASER Light Source is laser diode.
The wavelength coverage of power meter is 850-1610nm; Between power monitoring scope :-40dBm to 10dBm.Its wavelength and power bracket contain wavelength and the light intensity of other devices of the utility model.
The voltage output range of piezo controller 33 is 0-150V; The operating voltage range of voltage output range and voltage-controlled phase shifter 34 matches.
The bandwidth of photodetector 4 is 15GHz; Response wave length scope is 800-1600nm.Response wave length scope contains the wavelength of LASER Light Source 1, and band is wider than the sampling rate of analog to digital converter 5.
The sampling rate of analog to digital converter 5 is 15Gsa/s; Bit wide is 8.Sampling rate is no more than the bandwidth of photodetector 4.The bit wide of analog to digital converter 5 is preferably 8 bit wides.
The utility model additionally provides a kind of hypervelocity quantum random number method for generation based on laser phase fluctuation, comprises the following steps:
S1, generation laser beam;
S2, laser beam is divided into two light beams interferes;
S3, by interfere after light beam be divided into two light beams, wherein a branch of light beam outputs to phase control system, phase control system regulates the phase place of the light beam on one of them optical interference circuit according to the interfering beam of input, makes the phase differential of the light beam on two optical interference circuits remain on predetermined value; Another light beams outputs to photodetector;
S4, the signal that photodetector exports is converted to digital signal, generates original random number sequence.
Principle of the present utility model is as follows:
LASER Light Source 1 is for generation of stable continuous coherent source, and its electric field can be expressed as:
E(t)＝E
0exp[i(ω
0t+θ(t))]。
It is that the double beam interferometer 2 of Δ T is interfered that LASER Light Source 1 outputs to access arm length difference, and the light intensity that interferometer exports is:
The phase fluctuation of LASER Light Source 1 is represented by the phase differential of t and t+ Δ T, is designated as:
Δθ(t)＝θ(t+ΔT)-θ(t)，
The direct current component of removing detectable signal, the probe current of photodetector 4 is:
I(t)∝Pcos(ω
0ΔT+Δθ(t))
Phase control system 3 regulates voltage-controlled phase shifter 34, to meet the following conditions:
ω
0Δ T=(2m π+pi/2), wherein m is integer, so just has:
I(t)∝Psin(Δθ(t))≈PΔθ(t)。
Therefore the phase fluctuation of LASER Light Source 1 can be drawn by the change of stellar interferometer output intensity, i.e. the output voltage of photodetector 4.
< V (t)
2>=AQP+ACP
2+ F, carries out matching by the variance of the output voltage of photodetector 4 under measurement various lasers output power P, can obtain parameter AQ, AC and F.Wherein AQP part is the quanta fluctuation part interested to us, ACP
2+ F is classical part, so our desired amount subdivision proportion maximizes.
In order to maximize quantum part, we by the ratio of optimized amount subdivision with classical part, can be defined as
γ＝AQP/(ACP
2+F)。
γ value under having two kinds of methods can obtain Different Light output power P.A kind of method is that parameter AQ, AC and the F substitution formula obtained by aforementioned matching is calculated.Another kind method is obtained with quantum part by the classical part directly measured under different output power, when light source output power is maximum, quantum part proportion is very low, at this time we think, all fluctuations are classical part, then by adding the method for decay, by the light intensity regulating of input interferometer to identical with said light source output power, the output pulsation of the photodetector 4 measured is the classical part under this power, in conjunction with before total fluctuation of surveying, just can calculate quantum part wherein, thus the γ value obtained under this power.
According to above-mentioned two kinds of methods, can obtain, when output power P is near 0.9mW, γ value is maximum.
The output pulsation of photodetector 4 directly can be measured and be drawn, according to γ value, can obtain wherein quanta fluctuation part is:
Randomness is quantized by minimum entropy, and it is defined as:
H
∞＝-log
2P
max。Wherein P
maxfor the probability of result most possibly occurred.
Quantum phase fluctuation meets Gaussian distribution, the output voltage of photodetector 4 is divided into N equal portions, according to the standard deviation sigma of aforementioned Gaussian distribution
quantum, just can obtain P
max, thus calculate minimum entropy H
∞.
This means to sample each time, we at least therefrom can extract H
∞individual random number bit, and the raw data obtained of at every turn sampling is log
2n number of bit.That is, in each bit of raw data, H is had at least
∞/ log
2n number of random number bit can extract.
In final random number aftertreatment, adopt the Toeplitz matrix algorithms based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), matrix size is n × m, namely can extract the final random number of m bit from n-bit original quantum random number data, and meet following relation: m/n≤H
∞.
Can obtain final quantum random number through above-mentioned process, its randomness derives from quantum physics ultimate principle, is that information theory can be demonstrate,proved.In order to verify the quality of random number further, the test for randomness program such as NIST standard testing of auto-correlation test or the standard of use can be carried out to it.Test result all shows, the final quantum random number produced has good randomness.
Quantum random number generator in the utility model, final bit rate is C
sh
∞, wherein H
∞for minimum entropy, determined by systematic parameter, for the analog to digital converter of 8, be generally between 6 ~ 7, C
sfor the sampling rate of analog to digital converter used, choose different sampling rate, different bit rates can be obtained.For the analog to digital converter of 8, the bit rate of generation final quantum random number and the relation curve of sampling rate are as shown in Figure 2.Can find out, when sampling rate is 10Gsa/s, the bit rate of this quantum random number generator can reach more than 50Gbps.
The utility model by by the random phase information of photon spontaneous radiation, changes into random intensity signal, then carries out high-speed sampling and obtain high speed quantum random number sequence.LASER Light Source sends uniform continuous laser, converts phase fluctuation to light intensity change through interferometer, then converts information of voltage feeding analog to digital converter to by photodetector, obtains original random number sequence.Original random number passes through the Toeplitz matrix disposal based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) again, obtains the final random number that randomness can be proved by information theory, can by test for randomnesss such as NIST.Compared with adopting the quantum random number generator of single photon detection scheme in prior art, main advantage of the present utility model is that the quantum random number scheme produced based on laser phase fluctuation can increase substantially random number and produce speed.Single photon detection scheme is limited to the counting rate of single-photon detector usually, makes the bit rate of the program be difficult to breakthrough 100,000,000 magnitude.The random number bit rate that technical scheme in the utility model finally generates can reach more than 50Gbps, drastically increases the generation speed of random number.
The above is preferred implementation of the present utility model; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the utility model principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also considered as protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. based on the hypervelocity quantum random number generator of laser phase fluctuation, it is characterized in that, comprise LASER Light Source (1), double beam interferometer (2), phase control system (3), photodetector (4) and analog to digital converter (5)
Wherein, described double beam interferometer (2) comprises circulator (21), beam splitter (22), the first catoptron (24) and the second catoptron (25),
Described beam splitter (22) comprises the first port B1, the second port B2 that are arranged on input side and the 3rd port B3 being arranged on outgoing side, the 4th port B4;
Phase control system (3) comprises voltage-controlled phase shifter (34), and the input end of described first port B1 and described phase control system adopts optical fibre coupling; Described 3rd port B3 successively with described voltage-controlled phase shifter (34) and the first catoptron (24) optical fibre coupling, described 4th port B4 and described second catoptron (25) Fiber connection;
The output terminal of the input end C1 of described circulator and LASER Light Source (1) adopts optical fibre coupling, transmitting-receiving multiplexing end C2 and the described second port B2 of described circulator adopt optical fibre coupling, and the output terminal C3 of described circulator and the input end of described photodetector (4) adopt optical fibre coupling;
The output terminal of described photodetector (4) is connected with the input end of described analog to digital converter (5).
2. the hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described phase control system (3) also comprises the light power meter (31), PID controller (32) and the piezo controller (33) that connect successively, input end and the described first port B1 of described light power meter (31) adopt optical fibre coupling, and the output terminal of described piezo controller (33) is connected with the control end of described voltage-controlled phase shifter (34).
3. the hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the splitting ratio of described beam splitter (22) is 50:50, and described beam splitter (22) is fiber optic splitter.
4. the hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described first catoptron (24) and the second catoptron (25) are faraday rotation mirror.
5. according to claim 3 based on laser phase fluctuation hypervelocity quantum random number generator, it is characterized in that, described beam splitter (22) for polarization-maintaining beam splitter (22), described optical fiber be polarization maintaining optical fibre.
6. the hypervelocity quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described LASER Light Source (1) is continuous laser source (1), and the operation wavelength of described LASER Light Source (1) is 1550nm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106155629A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Random number high rate bioreactor device and its implementation |
| CN106354476A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Laser phase fluctuation-based quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method |
| CN107817967A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-20 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on SFP transceivers |
| CN111510207A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Source end light intensity fluctuation testing method in quantum key distribution system |
| CN114579082A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-06-03 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on laser phase noise |
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2015
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106155629A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-23 | 中国科学技术大学 | Random number high rate bioreactor device and its implementation |
| CN106354476A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-01-25 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Laser phase fluctuation-based quantum random number generator and quantum random number generation method |
| CN106354476B (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-09-07 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on laser phase fluctuation and quantum random number generation method |
| CN107817967A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-20 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on SFP transceivers |
| CN107817967B (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2024-04-12 | 浙江神州量子网络科技有限公司 | SFP (Small form-factor pluggable) based integrated quantum random number generator |
| CN111510207A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Source end light intensity fluctuation testing method in quantum key distribution system |
| CN114579082A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-06-03 | 北京中科国光量子科技有限公司 | Quantum random number generator based on laser phase noise |
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