CN204422812U - Microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction - Google Patents
Microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN204422812U CN204422812U CN201520118916.7U CN201520118916U CN204422812U CN 204422812 U CN204422812 U CN 204422812U CN 201520118916 U CN201520118916 U CN 201520118916U CN 204422812 U CN204422812 U CN 204422812U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction, which is a sandwich structure adopting metal-dielectric-metal materials, wherein, the metal layer on one side is a metal block array arranged periodically, and the metal layer on the other side is a metal flat plate without a structure; in the plane direction, the period of the metal block array along the horizontal axis direction is a sub-wavelength, and the period along the vertical axis direction is a super-wavelength. Because the utility model discloses sandwich type cellular structure's local plasmon reinforcing scattering and the interference effect of super wavelength periodic structure, the first order diffraction efficiency of light can obtain very big improvement (50-95%) in 600 supple 1500 nanometer's wavelength region. The utility model discloses a micro-structure can be used to make plane, ultra-thin, broadband and efficient optical dispersion element.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the microstructure of First order diffraction of a kind of broadband, enhancing, incident light can be converted in banded wavelength ranges the First order diffraction light of dispersion efficiently.
Background technology
We know, light will be by producing diffraction effect during transmission grating.Usually, the energy of diffraction light can be distributed in dispersionless 0 grade of spectrum greatly.In the dispersive optical elements for spectral analysis and research, broadband, enhancing and the diffraction spectrum with dispersion seems very important.In the design of thin-film solar cells, the enhancing diffraction that microstructure produces is conducive to inhibitory reflex light, strengthens being coupled of light and membrane wave guided mode simultaneously.In the past, utilize cross section to be zigzag blazed grating or the dielectric grating with degree of depth rectangle groove, people have realized the high order diffraction strengthened in certain circumstances.But these optical elements often have the shortcoming that rough surface is uneven or thickness is larger, be unfavorable for the integrated of device fabrication or nanophotonics element.
Recently, the surface phasmon material of microstructure is that the diffraction optical element developing sub-wavelength provides new approach.There is strong coupling between the surface charge of metal Nano structure and electromagnetic field, the control of light path can be applied to.In the design of super structure surface and metamaterial, the nano-pore on metal or the metal nanoparticle in dielectric can excitating surface phasmon or local plasmon resonances.When these structural cycles arrange, many phenomenons such as strengthen reflected effect, polarisation transformation, negative refraction and abnormal refraction etc. and all likely occur.But the research majority at present about the micro-structure surface of accurate two dimension concentrates on sub-wavelength region.As seen in enhancing reflected effect, because the cycle of microstructure is less than or much smaller than operation wavelength, 0 rank transmission is significantly strengthened at specific band, and high order diffraction is then greatly suppressed.Recently, Guo etc. have studied a kind of double-periodic phasmon surface (Opt.Lett.36,4764 (2011) & Appl.Phys.Lett.101,241115 (2012)), it is by being formed slit short-period on ultra-thin metal film or the additional macrocyclic modulation of array of circular apertures.This system can support the First order diffraction effect propagated near surface plasmon resonance wavelength.But, its bandwidth of operation narrower (about 100nm), and diffraction efficiency lower (lower than 5%).
Summary of the invention
In order to realize plane, ultra-thin, broadband, efficiently dispersive optical elements, what the utility model provided a kind of broadband, efficiently First order diffraction realizes structure, and this structure have employed the surface phasmon material of microstructure, has plane, ultra-thin feature.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopts:
Realize the microstructure that broadband strengthens diffraction, this microstructure is the sandwich adopting metal-dielectric-metal material, and wherein the metal level of side is the derby array of periodic arrangement, and the metal level of opposite side is structureless metal plate; In the in-plane direction, the cycle along X direction is sub-wavelength to described derby array, and the cycle along y direction is super wavelength.The effect of such design is as follows: the first, and the design of sub-wavelength and super wavelength compounding period is to produce several outgoing diffraction orders few in number, comprises 0 rank and ± 1 rank diffraction.The second, Sandwich-shaped/dielectric/metal structure cell can produce the light scattering effect that local phasmon strengthens, and the light scattering of this enhancing has the feature in broadband.3rd, due to the interference effect of super wavelength period structure, the scattered light of different cellular radiation can interfere reinforcement, thus produces efficient high order diffraction.
The shape of periodic derby is symmetrical or dissymmetrical structure about polarization direction, as rectangle, ellipse, trapezoidal or other shape.
Local phasmon due to the utility model sandwich type structure cell strengthens the interference effect of scattering and super wavelength period structure, and the First order diffraction efficiency of light can obtain and improve (50-95%) greatly in the wavelength coverage of 600-1500 nanometer.Structure of the present utility model is applicable to and makes plane, ultra-thin micro-optical dispersion element, for spectral investigation and analysis.In addition, in the design of thin-film solar cells, the diffraction effect of the light of enhancing can also improve the coupling efficiency of light.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) based on the cellular schematic diagram of the rectangular metal block of symmetry, Fig. 1 (b) system architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 (a) diffraction efficiency is with wavelength variations curve, and ((b) wavelength is the energy flow point Butut of 1050 nanometers to Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) are respectively the current distributing figure that wavelength is 830 and 1030 nanometers, the scattering cross-section of the single structure cell of Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d), Fig. 3 (e) are respectively the Electric and magnetic fields distribution plan (single cellular) that wavelength is 1050 nanometers.
Fig. 4 (a) based on the cellular schematic diagram of asymmetrical trapezoidal derby, the scattering cross-section of the single structure cell of Fig. 4 (b).
Fig. 5 (a) diffraction efficiency is with wavelength variations curve, and Fig. 5 (b) wavelength is the energy flow point Butut of 1050 nanometers.
Embodiment
Derby shape of the present utility model is not particularly limited, below will with rectangle and trapezoidal derby for embodiment be described further the utility model, the former can produce symmetrical strengthen ± 1 rank diffraction, and the latter will cause more efficient, asymmetrical-1 rank diffraction.
Embodiment 1
As first embodiment, adopt the derby array of rectangle.In metal-dielectric-metal sandwich structure, the rectangular metal block of upper strata periodic arrangement and the smooth sheet metal of bottom are separated by a glass partition layer.Fig. 1 (a) and Fig. 1 (b) is the schematic diagram of cellular and system respectively.The length of rectangular metal block is taken as l=600nm respectively, w=200nm, h=80nm; The thickness of flass is t=90nm, the metal foil thickness of slab 150nm (this thickness, much larger than skin depth, can stop the transmission of light) of bottom.The wave band of research is from visible ray near infrared, and wavelength is 600-1500nm.Derby is set to dx=360nm in the cycle in xy direction, dy=1800nm.Like this, x direction is sub-wavelength structure, and y direction is super wavelength structure.Plane electromagnetic wave incides this structure from plan vertical, and optical electric field along the x-axis direction.
Fig. 2 (a) gives and simulates with time-domain finite difference the diffraction spectrum (only provide zeroth order and positive and negative First order diffraction here, more high order diffraction light is very faint, therefore ignores) obtained.Due to the symmetry of structure, positive and negative First order diffraction has identical efficiency.What is interesting is, in wider one section of frequency band, all there is the phenomenon that zero order reflection is suppressed and First order diffraction rises appreciably.Within the scope of 650-1300nm, the reflectivity of Oth order mode is lower than 10%, and the efficiency of single order pattern diffraction reaches 47% (positive and negative First order diffraction and then reach 94%).But, in shorter or longer wavelength coverage (λ <650nm or λ >1300nm), First order diffraction then weakens to some extent.Fig. 2 (b) illustrates energy flow point cloth (wavelength elects 1050nm as) in the yz plane of numerical simulation.Can be clear that two symmetrical First order diffractions from figure, its angle of diffraction is 35.0 degree.
Here there is a problem, can why a so simple structure produce the diffraction spectrum of ultra broadband? in order to answer this problem, the utility model calculates the distribution of current in periodic structure.Here for wavelength 830nm and 1030nm, result of calculation is illustrated in Fig. 3 (a) respectively with Fig. 3 (b).Can see that under above-mentioned two kinds of wavelength, the rectangular metal block at top and the metal plate of bottom all have antiparallel induction current to produce, and form an accurate current return.Wavelength is that the induction current loop of 830nm is less, and wavelength is that the current return of 1030nm is then longer.Similar result be also show to the analog computation of other wavelength.Visible, when this structure of electromagnetic wave irradiation, wherein induction current loop will be produced; Excitation wavelength is longer, then current loop is also longer.In other words, this structure has self-regulating function (effectively can regulate the length of current return), and makes response to external excitation.From the angle (regarding as LC oscillator by sandwich structure) of lc circuit, the current return of different length has different inductance and resonance frequency.
In order to confirm further this Local oscillating because of cellular aperiodic structure, use the numerical evaluation scattering cross-section of an independent cellular, as Suo Shi Fig. 3 (c) (being the ratio of scattering cross-section to cell density in figure).In the wavelength coverage considered, scattering cross-section is obviously greater than 1 (being approximately 2.3-3.8), shows the enhancing scattering effect in broadband.In fact in some cases, people observed the enhancing scattering phenomenon in broadband, as the Thomson scattering of free electron.Here, the phasmon material comprising free electron can play the part of similar role.Compared with the isolated metallics such as nanosphere, nanometer rods, sandwich structure can regulate current return length to respond external excitation effectively, thus produces the phasmon response of a similar resonance.For a random wavelength as 1050nm, Fig. 3 (d) and 3 (e) respectively show the Electric and magnetic fields distribution plan (incident field intensity is set to 1) of an independent cellular.The electromagnetic field strengthened confirms the existence of the class resonance response of local.
The broadband possessed except cellular strengthens scattering power, and the periodicity of structure plays vital role equally.When incident light is radiated at metal surface, electromagnetic field can by the scattering of structure cell institute, and the interference effect of periodic structure makes the discrete order of diffraction be strengthened.Diffracted wave vector in inside, structural plan is by reciprocal lattice vector G
mndetermine:
Here m and n is two integers.Correspondingly, diffraction angle is determined by generalized diffraction grating equation below:
The real root of θ determines the existence of propagating diffracted wave.Due to the sub-wavelength feature (d in x direction
x< λ) and the super wavelength characteristic (d in y direction
y> λ), only have that (0, n) rank pattern can be propagated, and other is all evanescent waves.Thus, such being designed with is beneficial to minority diffraction orders and strengthens, and reaches the object of concentration of energy.(0, n) rank diffracted wave is along yz plane propagation, and angle of diffraction is θ
0n=sin
-1(n λ/d
y) (n=0, ± 1 represents zeroth order and positive and negative 1 rank diffraction respectively).For First order diffraction, diffraction angle scope is from 19.5 to 56.5 degree.As λ=1050nm, the angle of diffraction that equation provides is θ
01=35.7 °, close with 35 ° of Fig. 2 (b) simulative display.
Embodiment 2
As second embodiment, adopt about the asymmetric trapezoidal derby array in x-axis direction.As previously mentioned, the symmetrical structure of rectangular metal block makes positive and negative First order diffraction produce with same efficiency simultaneously, and both are all limited in less than 50%.This is also unfavorable for practical application.In order to suppress one of them First order diffraction (as+1 rank) and make other First order diffraction (-1 rank) strengthen, the trapezoidal derby of unsymmetric structure can be adopted to replace rectangular metal block, and form the structure of similar Fig. 1 (b).Fig. 4 (a) illustrates the structure cell schematic diagram based on isosceles trapezoid derby.Compared with rectangular metal block, trapezoidal derby structure is no longer symmetrical about xz plane.In this case, cellular will produce (relative to xz plane) asymmetric scattered light in yz plane.Correspondingly, the superposition of the scattering wave of periodic structure radiation will cause asymmetrical positive and negative First order diffraction.
Above-mentioned conclusion is confirmed by numerical evaluation.In simulations, measure-alike (dx=360nm used in the thickness of grating constant and film and rectangular metal block, dy=1800nm, the thickness of sandwich structure is 80/90/150nm), the width of going to the bottom on trapezoidal is chosen for 100nm and 320nm respectively, and trapezoidal length elects 1200nm as.Research shows, light scattering effect that the sandwich structure based on trapezoidal derby supports broadband equally, that strengthen.The scattering cross-section of simulating the single structure cell obtained is presented in Fig. 4 (b).In addition, the analog computation of magnetic distribution also show the enhancement effect (not providing) of near-field region field here.The broadband Far Field Scattering of single cellular and near field strengthen has reconfirmed that the phasmon of local responds.
Fig. 5 (a) gives the diffraction spectrum based on trapezoidal derby array of simulation.In whole spectral wavelength ranges (625-1525nm), zero order spectrum is very faint, and its reflection efficiency is lower than 20%.Meanwhile, two positive and negative First order diffraction spectrums divide due to the asymmetric of structure.In the wavelength region may of research, the diffraction efficiency of (0,1) or 1 rank spectrum is also lower than 20%.In contrast, (0 ,-1) or-1 rank diffraction significantly increase in a wider bandwidth, and its diffraction efficiency is up to 50-95% (operation wavelength from 625nm to 1525nm, wide reach 900nm).Wherein, from 980nm to 1370nm, efficiency reaches more than 80% especially.Fig. 5 (b) illustrates the simulation energy flow point Butut that wavelength is 1050nm place, wherein can observe this negative 1 rank diffraction that is asymmetric, that strengthen significantly.In addition, be also noted that Second order diffraction also appears in diffraction spectra.But, their correspondences is shorter wavelength (625-900nm), lower efficiency (lower than 15%) and larger angle of diffraction (44-95 degree).
Generally speaking, the utility model utilizes the medium/metal/metal construction of sandwich type and adopts sub-wavelength and super wavelength mixing cycle design proposal, can realize the First order diffraction effect of broadband, enhancing.This effect is relevant with the interference effect of the light scattering that the local phasmon of structure cell strengthens and super wavelength period structure.For the rectangular metal block structure based on symmetry, 0 rank reflection can obtain strong suppression, thus causes the positive and negative 1 rank diffraction of two widebands, symmetry, enhancing.For not reciprocity isosceles trapezoid derby array, the degeneracy of positive and negative 1 rank diffraction can be eliminated, and can obtain-1 rank diffraction of broadband, enhancing.These structures are planes, ultra-thin, are conducive to constructing efficient, miniature photonics components and parts.
Claims (2)
1. one kind realizes the microstructure that broadband strengthens diffraction, it is characterized in that, this microstructure is the sandwich adopting metal-dielectric-metal material, and wherein the metal level of side is the derby array of periodic arrangement, and the metal level of opposite side is structureless metal plate; In the in-plane direction, the cycle along X direction is sub-wavelength to described derby array, and the cycle along y direction is super wavelength.
2. a kind of microstructure realizing broadband enhancing diffraction according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the shape of described derby is symmetrical or dissymmetrical structure about polarization direction.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104597566A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-05-06 | 南京工业大学 | Microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction |
| CN112630869A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Polarization device based on diffraction chiral metamaterial, preparation method and photoelectronic device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104597566A (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2015-05-06 | 南京工业大学 | Microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction |
| CN104597566B (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2017-09-12 | 南京工业大学 | Microstructure for realizing broadband enhanced diffraction |
| CN112630869A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-09 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Polarization device based on diffraction chiral metamaterial, preparation method and photoelectronic device |
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