CN204376858U - Overvoltage protection circuit for transistor switch - Google Patents
Overvoltage protection circuit for transistor switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN204376858U CN204376858U CN201420745524.9U CN201420745524U CN204376858U CN 204376858 U CN204376858 U CN 204376858U CN 201420745524 U CN201420745524 U CN 201420745524U CN 204376858 U CN204376858 U CN 204376858U
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Abstract
An overvoltage protection circuit for a transistor switch is disclosed that includes an error detection circuit, a drive circuit, and a load regulation circuit. The error detection circuit is provided with a first input end, a second input end and an output end, wherein the first input end is coupled to the output end of the transistor switch, the second input end receives the reference signal, and the output end provides the error amplification signal. The driving circuit is provided with a power supply end, an input end, an output end and a grounding end, and increases the on-resistance of the transistor switch if the difference between the reference signal and the voltage of the first input end of the error detection circuit is smaller than a first error. The load adjusting circuit is provided with a power supply end, an input end, an output end and a grounding end, and if the difference between the reference signal and the voltage of the first input end of the error detection circuit is smaller than a second error, the load adjusting circuit provides a first resistor between the output end of the transistor switch and the grounding end of the load adjusting circuit, wherein the second error is larger than the first error.
Description
Technical field
Embodiment of the present utility model relates to electronic circuit, but more specifically not exclusively relates to a kind of overvoltage crowbar for transistor switch.
Background technology
Transistor often uses as switch in electronic circuit, such as USB switch.Fig. 1 illustrates the circuit diagram of a existing Electronic Switching System 10.Electronic Switching System 10 comprises nmos transistor switch N1 (hereinafter referred to as transistor N1), switch S 1, current source I1 and output capacitance CO.Transistor N1 has feeder ear IN, output OUT and control end CTL, and its feeder ear receives supply power voltage VIN, and its output provides output voltage VO UT.Switch S 1, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the control end CTL of transistor N1, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal.First current source I1, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the first power end SP1, and its second end is coupled to the control end CTL of transistor N1.Output capacitance CO, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the output OUT of transistor N1, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal GND.First power end SP1 receives a first voltage VSP higher than supply power voltage VIN such as, usually in fact to make transistor N1 can conducting completely, VSP=VIN+5, or can provide VSP=2 × VIN by 2 times of charge pumps.When the first switch S 1 conducting, the control end CTL of transistor N1 is low potential, and transistor N1 turns off.When the first switch S 1 turns off, the control end of transistor N1 is charged to the first voltage VSP by the first current source I1, and make the complete conducting of transistor N1, output voltage VO UT is approximately equal to supply power voltage VIN.
Because usb protocol is universal standard agreement, its condition of work is relatively stable, supply power voltage is+5V, but the rising of the supply power voltage VIN easily caused due to the instability etc. of circuit malfunction or line voltage causes the passive rising of output voltage VO UT, and this is often easy to external USB device to damage.In addition, the reasons such as output load current reduction, can cause the passive rising of output voltage VO UT.So be necessary to research and develop, provide a kind of protective transistor switch, in particular for USB interface overvoltage crowbar.
Utility model content
For one or more problem of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of overvoltage crowbar for transistor switch.
In one of the present utility model, propose a kind of overvoltage crowbar for transistor switch, described transistor switch has input, output and control end, described overvoltage crowbar comprises: error-detector circuit, there is first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is coupled to the output of described transistor switch, and its second input receives reference signal, and its output provides error amplification signal; And drive circuit, there is power end, input, output and earth terminal, its input is coupled to described error-detector circuit output, its output is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first input end voltage is less than the first error, described drive circuit increases the conducting resistance of described transistor switch; It is characterized in that; described overvoltage crowbar also comprises load trim circuits; there is power end, input, output and earth terminal; its input is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; its output is coupled to the output of described transistor switch; if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first input end voltage is less than the second error; described load trim circuits provides the first resistance between the output and described load trim circuits earth terminal of transistor switch, and wherein said second error is greater than described first error.
In one of the present utility model, described error-detector circuit comprises error amplifier, and described error amplifier voltage gain is less than 100.
In one of the present utility model, described transistor switch is nmos pass transistor, described drive circuit comprises: integral tube, there is first end, the second end and control end, its first end is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, its second end is coupled to earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; And first current source, have first end and the second end, its first end is coupled to the first power end, and its second end is coupled to the second end of described the first transistor.
In one of the present utility model, described first power end voltage is higher than described transistor switch input terminal voltage.
In one of the present utility model, described transistor switch is PMOS transistor, and described drive circuit comprises: the first transistor, has first end, the second end and control end, its second end is coupled to earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; First current mirror, have first end, the second end and power end, its first end is coupled to described the first transistor first end, and its power end is coupled to second source end, its the second end is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, is configured to the electric current of the first transistor described in mirror image; And first current source, have first end and the second end, its first end is coupled to the second end of described first current mirror, and its second end is coupled to described earth terminal.
In one of the present utility model, wherein said load trim circuits comprises: transistor seconds, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to described earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; Second current source, have first end, the second end, its first end is coupled to second source end, and its second end is coupled to institute's transistor seconds first end; And discharge circuit, have first end, the second end and control end, its first end is coupled to described earth terminal, and its second end is coupled to the output of described transistor switch, and its control end is coupled to described second current source second end.
In one of the present utility model, if described the first transistor and described transistor seconds are the transistors that size is mated, described first current source current is greater than described second current source current; If described first current source and described second current source are matched current sources, described the first transistor channel width-over-length ratio is less than described transistor seconds channel width-over-length ratio.
In one of the present utility model, the resistance essence of described first resistance is fixed, and numerical value is between 10 to 100 ohm.
In one of the present utility model, if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first end voltage is greater than the second error, the complete conducting of described transistor switch; If the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first end voltage is less than the second error, the output end voltage of described transistor switch is restricted to setting voltage.
In one of the present utility model, described overvoltage crowbar is used for USB interface overvoltage protection.
Utilize the utility model embodiment, when the feeder ear supply power voltage of transistor switch crosses the generation of high situation, rapidly the output end voltage of transistor switch can be clamped near setting voltage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Following accompanying drawing relates to description that is non-limiting about the utility model and the embodiment of nonexhaustive.Unless otherwise stated, same numbers and symbols TYP or similar part in whole accompanying drawing.Accompanying drawing is without the need to drawing in proportion.In addition, the size of relevant portion shown in figure may be different from the size described in specification.For understanding the utility model better, following details describes and accompanying drawing will be provided to as a reference.
Fig. 1 illustrates the circuit diagram of a existing Electronic Switching System 10;
Fig. 2 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 20 according to the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 3 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 30 according to the utility model embodiment; And
Fig. 4 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 40 according to the utility model embodiment.
In different accompanying drawing, identical mark represents same or analogous feature.
Embodiment
Specific embodiment hereinafter described represents exemplary embodiment of the present utility model, and be only in essence example illustrate and unrestricted.In the description, mention that " embodiment " or " embodiment " mean to be included at least one embodiment of the present utility model in conjunction with the special characteristic described by this embodiment, structure or characteristic.Term " in one embodiment " in the description each position occurs all not relating to identical embodiment, neither mutually get rid of other embodiments or various embodiments.All features disclosed in this specification, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Describe embodiment of the present utility model below with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.The Reference numeral running through institute's drawings attached identical represents identical parts or feature.
Fig. 2 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 20 according to an embodiment of the present utility model.Electronic Switching System 20 comprises nmos pass transistor N1 and overvoltage crowbar 200.Overvoltage crowbar 200 comprises error-detector circuit 201 and drive circuit 202.
Error-detector circuit 201, have first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is coupled to the output of transistor N1, and its second input receives reference voltage VREF, and its output provides error amplification signal VEA.In one embodiment, error-detector circuit 201 can comprise error amplifier EA1.Drive circuit 202, comprises the first transistor M1 and the first current source I1.The first transistor M1, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal GND, and its first end is coupled to the control end CTL of transistor N1, and its control end is coupled to error-detector circuit 201 output to receive error amplification signal VEA.First current source I1, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the first power end SP1 to receive the first voltage VSP, and its second end is coupled to the control end CTL of transistor N1.
When supply power voltage VIN more as a child, output voltage VO UT far below reference voltage VREF, error amplifier EA1 output low level, the first transistor M1 turns off, the control end of transistor switch M1 is charged to the first voltage VSP by the first current source I1, and transistor N1 keeps opening completely.
When supply power voltage VIN constantly increase output voltage VO UT is increased to gradually close to reference voltage VREF time, the first transistor M1 opens gradually, transistor N1 control end CTL voltage is reduced, transistor switch M1 conducting resistance increases, thus output end voltage VOUT is remained near reference voltage VREF.Before overvoltage is kept, transistor N1 is in open loop situations, keeps opening completely.After overvoltage protection starts, transistor switch N1, error-detector circuit 201 and drive circuit 202 form feedback loop clamp output voltage VOUT.
During overvoltage protection, transistor switch N1, error-detector circuit 201 and drive circuit 202 form feedback loop, and this loop comprises a dominant pole and two limits.Usual dominant pole is positioned at the control end CTL of transistor N1, and secondary limit is positioned at transistor switch N1 output OUT and error-detector circuit 201 output.In order to stable loop, two times limit all needs to be set at the very high position of frequency.By adopting the method (low gain characterizes low output resistance usually) of low gain amplifier, the secondary limit of error-detector circuit 201 output can be arranged on high frequency.Usually the voltage gain of error amplifier EA1 is arranged on less than 100, preferably only has 10 to 20 times.Under heavy loads, because output equivalent resistance is less, the limit of transistor switch N1 output OUT is automatically set at high frequency, can not affect loop stability.And under underload, because output equivalent resistance is comparatively large, the limit of transistor switch N1 output OUT enters low frequency, affects loop stability.That is, the overvoltage crowbar 200 shown in Fig. 1 is easy to cause loop unstable under underload.In addition, under underloading, need just to allow output voltage VO UT be stabilized in reference voltage VREF annex the settling time grown very much.For this reason,
Fig. 3 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 30 according to an embodiment of the present utility model.Transistor switch 30 comprises nmos pass transistor N1 and overvoltage crowbar 300.Overvoltage crowbar 300 comprises error-detector circuit 201, drive circuit 202 and load trim circuits 301.Load trim circuits 301 has power end, input, output and earth terminal, its input is coupled to the output of error-detector circuit 201, its output is coupled to the output OUT of transistor N1, if when the difference of reference signal VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage (output voltage VO UT or by electric resistance partial pressure meter sampling and outputting voltage VOUT) is less than the second error, load trim circuits 301 provides the first resistance between the output OUT and load trim circuits earth terminal GND of transistor switch.Error-detector circuit 201 first end directly can be electrically connected to the output OUT of transistor N1, the output OUT of transistor N1 can also be coupled to by electric resistance partial pressure meter, for convenience of setting forth, following assumption error testing circuit 201 first end is directly electrically connected to the output OUT of transistor N1.
When supply power voltage VIN more as a child, output voltage VO UT far below reference voltage VREF, error amplifier EA1 output low level, the first transistor M1 turns off, the control end CTL of the first transistor switch M1 is charged to the first voltage VSP by the first current source I1, and transistor switch N1 is held open.
When supply power voltage VIN constantly increases, output voltage VO UT is increased gradually, when output voltage VO UT increases to first threshold voltage (such as VOUT=VREF-0.01), i.e. (the such as 10mV when the difference of reference signal VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage is less than the second error, i.e. VOUT=VREF-0.01), load trim circuits 301 provides the first resistance between the output OUT and load trim circuits 301 earth terminal GND of transistor N1.The output OUT of load trim circuits 301 couples of transistor N1 discharges, and adds another discharge path namely to output OUT, reduces output equivalent resistance in other words.Usually, the equivalent resistance of newly-increased discharge path is tens ohm, and empirically, resistance effect between 100 ohm of 10 is better.
Supply power voltage VIN constantly increase make output voltage VO UT continue increase, when output voltage VO UT increases to Second Threshold voltage (such as VOUT=VREF-0.005), i.e. (the such as 5mV when the difference of reference voltage VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage is less than the second error, i.e. VOUT=VREF-0.005), drive circuit 202 increases the conducting resistance of transistor N1, thus output voltage VO UT is clamped near VREF.Because output equivalent resistance reduces, the limit of output OUT is pushed to high frequency, and transistor switch N1, error-detector circuit 201 and drive circuit 202 form loop stability and be improved, and can be clamped near VREF by output voltage VO UT rapidly.Because the error amplifier EA1 adopted is low gain amplifier, output voltage VO UT may exceed reference voltage VREF, and namely the difference of reference voltage VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage may be less than zero.
According to the voltage gain according to error amplifier, those skilled in the art can arrange the first error and the second error according to error amplification signal VEA easily.
According to the utility model embodiment, load trim circuits 301 comprises transistor seconds M2, the second current source I2 and discharge circuit 302.Transistor seconds M2, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal GND, and its control end is coupled to error-detector circuit 201 output.Second current source I2, has first end, the second end, and its first end is coupled to institute second source end SP2, and its first end is coupled to institute transistor seconds M2 second end.In one embodiment, second source end SP2 receives input voltage VIN.Discharge circuit 301, have first end, the second end and control end, its first end is coupled to earth terminal, and its second end is coupled to transistor N1 output OUT, and its control end is coupled to the second current source I2 second end.In one embodiment, discharge circuit 301 comprises third transistor M3 and the first resistance R1.Third transistor M3 can be PMOS transistor, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal GND, and its control end is coupled to the second current source I2 second end.Third transistor M3 can also be nmos pass transistor, but must increase by 1 inverter between its control end and the second current source I2.First resistance R1, have first end and the second end, its first end is coupled to the first end of third transistor M3, and its second end is coupled to transistor switch M1 output OUT.Those skilled in the art, can also increase several inverter and obtain more perfectly digital signal with shaping between the control end of third transistor M3 and the second current source I2.
Those skilled in the art, can determine the numerical value of the first error and the second error by flexible design first current source I1, the second current source I2, the first transistor M1, transistor seconds M2 and the first error amplifier EA1 multiplication factor.Especially, for guaranteeing that the first error is less than the second error, namely load trim circuits 301 need reduce equivalent output resistance before drive circuit 201 adjusts the conducting resistance of transistor N1, can adopt following way: if the first transistor M1 and transistor seconds M2 are the transistors that size is mated, the electric current of the first current source I1 is greater than the second current source I2 electric current; If the first current source I1 and the second current source I2 are matched current sources (electric current are equal), the first transistor M1 channel width-over-length ratio is less than the channel width-over-length ratio of transistor seconds M2.
The utility model not only may be used for the transistor switching circuit of NMOS as transistor switch, can also be used for the transistors such as PMOS, NPN, PNP as transistor switch.Fig. 4 illustrates the circuit diagram of a Electronic Switching System 40 according to an embodiment of the present utility model.Electronic Switching System 40 comprises PMOS transistor P1 and overvoltage crowbar 400.Transistor P1 has feeder ear IN, output OUT and control end CTL, and its feeder ear receives supply power voltage VIN, and its output provides output voltage VO UT.Overvoltage crowbar 400 comprises error-detector circuit 201, drive circuit 401 and load trim circuits 301.Drive circuit 401 comprises, the first transistor M1, the first current mirror 402 and the first current source I1.The first transistor M1, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of error-detector circuit 201; First current mirror 402, have first end, the second end and power end, its first end is coupled to the first transistor M1 first end, and its power end is coupled to the 3rd power end SP3, its the second end is coupled to the control end of transistor P1, is configured to the electric current of mirror image the first transistor M1.In one embodiment, the 3rd power end SP3 receives input voltage VIN.First current source I1, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the second end of the first current mirror 402, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal.
Overvoltage crowbar 400 protection philosophy is similar to overvoltage crowbar 300 operation principle, and its difference is when output voltage VO UT is lower, and the first current source I1 discharges to transistor switch P1 control end.When the difference of reference signal VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage is less than the second error (such as 10mV), load trim circuits 301 provides the first resistance between the output and load trim circuits earth terminal of transistor switch.When the difference of reference signal VREF and error-detector circuit 201 first end voltage is less than the first error, drive circuit 400 is by increasing the conducting resistance of transistor P1 to the charging of transistor switch P1 control end.
The utility model provides a kind of over-voltage protection method for transistor switch, comprise: if transistor switch N1 output end voltage VOUT is higher than first threshold voltage (such as VOUT>VREF-0.01), between the output OUT and earth terminal of transistor switch N1, provide the first resistance; And if described transistor switch N1 output end voltage is higher than Second Threshold voltage (such as VOUT>VREF-0.005), increase the conducting resistance of transistor switch N1 with transistor switch output end voltage described in clamper, wherein said Second Threshold voltage is greater than described first threshold voltage.
Although the utility model is described in conjunction with its concrete illustrative embodiments, it is apparent that multiple alternative, amendment and distortion be apparent for those skilled in the art.Thus, the illustrative embodiments of the present utility model illustrated at this is schematic and and non-limiting.Can modify when not departing from spirit and scope of the present utility model.
Used in this disclosure measure word " ", " one " etc. do not get rid of plural number." first ", " second " in literary composition etc. only represent the sequencing occurred in describing the embodiments of the present, so that distinguish like." first ", " second " go out to be now only and be convenient to the fast understanding of claim instead of in order to be limited in detail in the claims.Any Reference numeral in claims all should not be construed as the restriction to scope.
Claims (9)
1. for an overvoltage crowbar for transistor switch, described transistor switch has input, output and control end, and described overvoltage crowbar comprises:
Error-detector circuit, have first input end, the second input and output, its first input end is coupled to the output of described transistor switch, and its second input receives reference signal, and its output provides error amplification signal; And
Drive circuit, there is power end, input, output and earth terminal, its input is coupled to described error-detector circuit output, its output is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first input end voltage is less than the first error, described drive circuit increases the conducting resistance of described transistor switch;
It is characterized in that; described overvoltage crowbar also comprises load trim circuits; there is power end, input, output and earth terminal; its input is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; its output is coupled to the output of described transistor switch; if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first input end voltage is less than the second error; described load trim circuits provides the first resistance between the output and described load trim circuits earth terminal of transistor switch, and wherein said second error is greater than described first error.
2. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described error-detector circuit comprises error amplifier, and described error amplifier voltage gain is less than 100.
3. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described transistor switch is nmos pass transistor, and described drive circuit comprises:
The first transistor, have first end, the second end and control end, its first end is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit; And
First current source, have first end and the second end, its first end is coupled to the first power end, and its second end is coupled to the second end of described the first transistor.
4. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described first power end voltage is higher than described transistor switch input terminal voltage.
5. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described transistor switch is PMOS transistor, and described drive circuit comprises:
The first transistor, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit;
First current mirror, have first end, the second end and power end, its first end is coupled to described the first transistor first end, and its power end is coupled to second source end, its the second end is coupled to the control end of described transistor switch, is configured to the electric current of the first transistor described in mirror image; And
First current source, has first end and the second end, and its first end is coupled to the second end of described first current mirror, and its second end is coupled to described earth terminal.
6. the overvoltage crowbar according to claim 3 or 5, is characterized in that, wherein said load trim circuits comprises:
Transistor seconds, has first end, the second end and control end, and its second end is coupled to described earth terminal, and its control end is coupled to the output of described error-detector circuit;
Second current source, have first end, the second end, its first end is coupled to second source end, and its second end is coupled to institute's transistor seconds first end; And
Discharge circuit, have first end, the second end and control end, its first end is coupled to described earth terminal, and its second end is coupled to the output of described transistor switch, and its control end is coupled to described second current source second end.
7. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
If described the first transistor and described transistor seconds are the transistors that size is mated, described first current source current is greater than described second current source current; If described first current source and described second current source are matched current sources, described the first transistor channel width-over-length ratio is less than described transistor seconds channel width-over-length ratio.
8. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the resistance essence of described first resistance is fixed, and numerical value is between 10 to 100 ohm.
9. overvoltage crowbar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, if the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first end voltage is greater than the second error, and the complete conducting of described transistor switch; If the difference of described reference signal and described error-detector circuit first end voltage is less than the second error, the output end voltage of described transistor switch is restricted to setting voltage.
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| CN201420745524.9U CN204376858U (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2014-12-01 | Overvoltage protection circuit for transistor switch |
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| CN201420745524.9U CN204376858U (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2014-12-01 | Overvoltage protection circuit for transistor switch |
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| CN204376858U true CN204376858U (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104410395A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-11 | 成都芯源***有限公司 | Overvoltage protection circuit and method for transistor switch |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104410395A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-03-11 | 成都芯源***有限公司 | Overvoltage protection circuit and method for transistor switch |
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