CN204243779U - Energy generation apparatus and for being used in the controller on energy generation apparatus - Google Patents
Energy generation apparatus and for being used in the controller on energy generation apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN204243779U CN204243779U CN201320576104.8U CN201320576104U CN204243779U CN 204243779 U CN204243779 U CN 204243779U CN 201320576104 U CN201320576104 U CN 201320576104U CN 204243779 U CN204243779 U CN 204243779U
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- control device
- group
- inverter
- generation apparatus
- energy generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of energy generation apparatus, it has multiple being connected on respective current source, at outlet side at input side and is connected to the inverter on common electrical network transit point.The electric parameter that the common current of all inverters on electrical network transit point exports measured by measurement mechanism, and each inverter is controlled by a control device.Control device is under the jurisdiction of group control device with the form of group, and described group of control device determines to be under the jurisdiction of its control device how control inverter, with meet for all inverters of each group one jointly group electric current export presetting.These group control device are under the jurisdiction of a main control unit, and the electric parameter that described main control unit exports based on the common total current recorded at electrical network transit point acts on the group control device being under the jurisdiction of it, to meet the presetting of total current output.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy generation apparatus with multiple inverters, this inverter to be connected on respective current source at input side, be connected on a common electrical network transit point at outlet side.
Especially, the present invention relates to a kind of such energy generation apparatus, on this device, each inverter is controlled by control device, wherein, the control device of at least one group of inverter is under the jurisdiction of a group control device, and wherein, measurement mechanism exports the electric current common on electrical network transit point of all inverters and measures, and organize the control device that control device acts on the inverter of this group, thus at least total output of all inverters is preset.
The current source be connected on single inverter can be diverse form.It can specifically pure generator, such as photoelectric generator or by windmill or oil-engine driven electromechanical, or fuel cell.In addition current source can comprise the holder for electric energy, particularly battery and by rotating mass, particularly the motor that drives of flywheel, and by hydrogen reservoir and reversible fuel cell or the combination unit with extra hydrolysis substance.
The current source be connected on inverter also can have multiple parallel connection or the secondary electric generator be connected in series or secondary electric energy accumulator, such as one have multiple be connected in series on the module of multiple substring and the photoelectric generator of multiple substring be connected in parallel common.
Background technology
Electric energy inputs into a public electric wire net by the energy generation apparatus of dispersion on an electrical network transit point, and its operator usually must when inputting electric energy, on electrical network transit point, more precisely keep that electrical network supplier's is presetting.So particularly inadequately be, such as in view of the parasitic power inputted for stable line voltage, meet at the output of one or more inverters of each energy generation apparatus that this is presetting because this can not with also meet on electrical network transit point presetting of equal importance.Reason is influencing each other of such as single inverter, the impact of jockey particularly making single inverter be connected with electrical network transit point and be connected with each other.This jockey can have very different characteristics for the different inverters of an energy generation apparatus, such as when jockey by spatially distribute far inverter with each other and be connected with electrical network transit point time, just as common on electrooptical device.
When inverter and/or the current source that is attached thereto change greatly, interacting of inverter can be especially more very important.Here, the current source of a pure motor form on the one hand, the current source (on this current source, the inverter connected not only output current, can also accept electric current) of an electric energy accumulator form is only an example of this change on the other hand.
Another challenge is, many current sources run based on regenerative resource, such as PV motor and the motor that driven by windmill according to demand, and can not can only provide electric energy according to the supply of regenerative resource.Therefore the energy generation apparatus be only made up of the inverter with this energy only can meet the requirement inputting electric energy on electrical network transit point within the specific limits.Here, although known method can be adopted to remedy, namely use the current source based on regenerative resource and the holder for electric energy, particularly battery simultaneously.Only utilize this idea also can not realize meeting the requirement at electrical network transit point output current.
From prior art it is well known that when require one at the Q that electrical network transit point must realize (U) characteristic curve time, the jockey between inverter and electrical network transit point must be considered.Here, the design that two kinds famous is had.The first connects into a control loop based on the measurement on electrical network transit point and by all inverters.Another kind of scheme is predicted based on to the inverter on electrical network transit point.In single inverter, making the equivalent circuit diagram of each jockey for this reason and for adjusting as follows the controlling curve of inverter, namely offsetting the impact of each jockey to electrical network transit point.
Can learn a kind of wind power generation field with many wind electricity generating systems from DE 10 2,009 030725 A1, the electric energy that it produces inputs an electrical network at a transit point.Public electrical network is that transit point presets rated value, and the electricity actual value on a measurement mechanism measurement transit point.Master selector obtains presetting for the second key-course according to the difference between the main rated value on first key-course and main actual value.Multiple secondary main control unit on second key-course is presetting as secondary rated value using this, and is that wind electricity generating system is preset by the difference between secondary rated value and a secondary actual value.All key-courses all exist a closed control ring between preset and wind electricity generating system, and its whether free from error work depends on whether input an actual value accurately to control module.This actual value directly can be measured or calculate from the measured value of other positions at least partly, such as one actual value relevant with secondary main control unit from distribute to it wind power generation plant actual value obtain.In order to make this in-line control more stable, favourable designs, and makes secondary key-course have a time constant less than higher level key-course separately.When carrying out default to wind power generation plant, in order to provide the parasitic power of some to consider, wind power generation plant is arranged to have different distance with transit point secondary main control unit, and makes presettingly to be adapted to wind-driven generator accordingly.The control module that optionally can be replaced by main control unit and secondary main control unit is devised in famous wind power plant.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is, there is provided a kind of have multiplely to be connected to separately on current source at input side, to be connected to the inverter on a common tie point at outlet side, its structure fundamentally makes multiple different inverters with different current source and different jockey more easily control its total current to export, make it on a common transit point, remain presetting.
Task of the present invention is solved by energy generation apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention.Other aspects of the present invention relate to the preferred constructive form of this energy generation apparatus.Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of control device be applied on described energy generation apparatus.Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of preferred constructive form of this control device.
According to the present invention, propose a kind of energy generation apparatus, it has and to be multiplely connected on respective current source at input side, to be connected to the inverter on a common electrical network transit point at outlet side,
-wherein, each inverter comprises a control device,
-wherein, the control device of first group of inverter is connected with first group of control device,
-wherein, described first group of control device acts on the control device of described first group of inverter,
The control device of the-at least the second group inverter is connected with second group of control device,
-wherein, described second group of control device acts on the control device of second group of inverter,
-wherein, described first group of control device is connected with a main control unit with at least described second group of control device,
-wherein, the measurement mechanism of the electric parameter that the common total current for measuring all inverters on electrical network transit point exports is connected with described main control unit, and
-wherein, the electric parameter that described main control unit exports based on the common total current recorded on electrical network transit point acts on the group control device being under the jurisdiction of it,
The present invention proposes, and each group of control device and/or described main control unit comprise:
One or more is for determining the output of the controlling curve of the control device be subordinate to and/or the output for the control signal being used for inverter being transferred to the control device be subordinate to;
One or more is for the input of the measured value of the electric parameter of measurement mechanism; And/or
One for carrying out with electric grid operating person the input that reliable communicating is connected; And/or
One for being connected to the input on higher level's control device.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described control device is constructed to control described inverter according to controlling curve and the electric parameter that records on described inverter, wherein, described group of control device is constructed to the controlling curve of the control device determining to be under the jurisdiction of them.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described group of control device is constructed to the control signal being used for described inverter to pass to the control device be subordinate to.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, at least the control device of another group inverter is under the jurisdiction of another group control device, wherein, another group control device described acts on the control device of the 3rd group of inverter, for meeting the presetting of common group of electric current output of all inverters for another group described, and another group control device described is also under the jurisdiction of described main control unit.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described for common total current export presetting by main control unit directly by the AC network be connected on electrical network transit point electric grid operating person obtain and/or try to achieve from the electric parameter recorded at electrical network transit point.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described energy generation apparatus comprises the other measurement mechanism of electric parameter that the group electric current measuring single group exports and/or the electric current of single inverter exports, and measured electric parameter is considered by main control unit and/or group control device and/or control device.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described main control unit is constructed to act on for the presetting of common group electric current output the group control device being under the jurisdiction of it by transmission.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described main control unit is constructed to act on based on a block mold group control device being under the jurisdiction of it, and described block mold describes all inverters and is connected to current source on the inverter electric current on electrical network transit point and exports and all control device and all groups of control device.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described main control unit is constructed to act on based on the group interaction model of single group the group control device be subordinate to, and described group of interaction model describes the denominator that corresponding group comprises the group electric current output facet of its group control device on electrical network transit point.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, how the control device that each group of control device is constructed to determine to be under the jurisdiction of based on a group model them controls inverter, and described group model describes inverter and the electric current of the current source be connected thereon on electrical network transit point and/or corresponding group transit point exports and all control device of this group.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, how the control device that described group of control device is constructed to determine to be under the jurisdiction of based on single functional mode them controls inverter, and described single functional mode describes the characteristic that corresponding inverter and the current source be connected on inverter comprise the electric current output facet of attached control device on electrical network transit point and/or corresponding group transit point.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, corresponding model is constructed to be tested based on the electric parameter recorded by the main control unit or group control device using it and to be upgraded when needed.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described main control unit is constructed to can with a clock frequency effect in be subordinate to group control device, at least little than the following clock frequency factor 2 of this clock frequency, preferably to when young factor 5, more preferably to a when young factor 10, described group of control device determines to be under the jurisdiction of its control device how control inverter with this clock frequency.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described group of control device is constructed to the control device how control inverter can determining to be under the jurisdiction of with a clock frequency it, the little factor 2 of clock frequency when this clock frequency at least works than be subordinate to control device, preferably to when young factor 5, more preferably to a when young factor 10.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, the current source that at least one group only includes same inverter and is connected on inverter.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, the multiple groups of inverters with respective sets and the same denominator of the common current output facet of current source on electrical network transit point be connected on inverter.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described current source is generator, optionally PV generator and/or motor and/or the fuel cell with windmill or the internal combustion engine be attached thereto, and for the holder of electric energy, optionally battery and/or there is the motor of the inertia mass be attached thereto and/or reversible fuel cell or there is fuel cell/hydrolysis substance combination of the hydrogen reservoir be attached thereto.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, except being under the jurisdiction of the inverter of group control device, at least one inverter that is other, that be directly under the jurisdiction of main control unit is connected on electrical network transit point, the current source be connected that described other inverter has.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, the current source of described other inverter is large battery, large capacitor and/or the motor with the inertia mass be attached thereto.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, the control device of each inverter has EMS, and electric energy accumulator is connected on described inverter.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, the model for electric energy accumulator is constructed to the output current characteristic not only describing them, also illustrates their current drain characteristics on electrical network transit point.
According to another preferred version of the present invention, described main control unit and described group of control device are the controllers with same hardware.
In addition, the invention still further relates to a kind of controller for being used on above-mentioned energy generation apparatus, the present invention proposes, and described controller is constructed to group control device or main control unit, and described controller has
One or more input for the measured value of the electric parameter of measurement mechanism and/or
One for electric grid operating person carry out input that reliable communicating is connected and/or
One for be connected to input on higher level's control device and one for be connected to output on multiple control device be subordinate to and/or
One or more for determine the controlling curve of the control device be subordinate to output and/or
One or more is for being transferred to the output of the control device be subordinate to by the control signal being used for inverter.
Have according to the energy generation apparatus of invention and to be multiplely connected to separately on current source at input side, to be connected to the inverter on a common tie point at outlet side.The data that all inverters total current common on grid connection point exports measured by measurement mechanism.Each inverter is controlled by a control device.This control device is under the jurisdiction of the group control device of group form, and its determines how the control device being under the jurisdiction of it controls inverter, so that it is presetting to meet for one of all inverters of each group group current output value jointly.This difference group being under the jurisdiction of different group control device referring to inverter is not intersected, and that is, such as, does not have inverter to be belong to first group and belong to second group simultaneously.Group control device self is under the jurisdiction of a main control unit, and the latter is worked to the group control device being under the jurisdiction of it based on the data of the common total current output of measuring on grid connection point, to meet the presetting of total current output.
In the energy generation apparatus that the control device of multiple inverter is disclosed, there is cascade structure here, but there is no the adjusting device of nested type.Main control unit is directly under the jurisdiction of little unit compared with multiple inverter, particularly organizes control device.Also the complexity of main control unit can be controlled thus when the inverter number of energy generation apparatus is very large.Multiple control device of single inverter are then under the jurisdiction of each group of control device.Here, being subordinate to the quantity of unit compared with the sum of the inverter of energy generation apparatus is all little separately, which has limited the complexity of group control device.This cascade structure can be made to design another cascaded stages of expansion for very large energy generation apparatus, such as multiple main control unit is under the jurisdiction of higher level's control device or the secondary inverter with respective secondary current source and secondary control device by an inverter being divided into multiple parallel connection connection.The cascade unit of the control for multiple inverter of energy generation apparatus at least has two-stage, and they are connected on a unique grid connection point.
Grid connection point is realized being used for the presetting of the common total current output of all inverters by energy generation apparatus.This is monitored by the data measuring common total current output valve, and can carry out record when needs.But energy generation apparatus disclosed in the size of measured total current output valve is detected here might not mean a control loop is comprised to the control of at least two inverters.Contrary whole control can be designed as there is no feedback and do not have expectation/actual specific compared with feedfoward control, be namely designed to adjuster instead of controller.At least the control device of the single inverter of energy generation apparatus is not be designed to controller, but in most of the cases as the presetting work of adjuster according to affiliated group control device.
Such control device just can according to controlling curve and electric parameter control inverter measured on inverter.Here, the controlling curve of the control device being under the jurisdiction of them determined by group control device, thus determines to be under the jurisdiction of their control device how control inverter.Control signal for inverter also can be passed to the control device be subordinate to by group control device for this reason.Group control device self and main control unit equally can as simple adjuster work.In fact be at least the corresponding electric parameter that main control unit also can export the presetting and common total current exported for total current expect/actual specific comparatively, this main control unit natively will consider the electric parameter that measured common total current exports.
Be understandable that, energy generation apparatus disclosed herein may not only only include two, also may comprise other groups of inverter, and they are under the jurisdiction of another group control device separately, and wherein, another group control device also can be under the jurisdiction of main control unit.
Main control unit can directly by the electric grid operating person being connected to the inverter on the electrical network transit point total current received for electrical network transit point export presetting, such as connected by a wired or wireless telecommunication.Utilize the power line communication of alternating current net also to belong to this telecommunication to connect.Alternatively, main control unit can obtain presetting from the electric parameter surveyed on electrical network transit point.Here, what refer to is such as P (f) characteristic curve of default Q (U) characteristic curve or the relation having preset power P to be output and mains frequency f.
Also can design other measurement mechanism here in disclosed energy generation apparatus, it measure single group group electric current export and/or single inverter electric current export electric parameter.This measurement mechanism can particularly group transit point on measure, at that point single group single inverter electric current export be gathered together.This electric parameter additionally measured can by main control unit, but also can by the control device of group control device or single inverter, considers participating in group control device, when participating in control device in other words at control inverter.The electric parameter of extra measurement such as can realize, and group control device utilizes closed control loop carry out its target and/or exported by its default electric current output and group electric current.Wrong position can be locked and close when there is mistake in addition in the parts of energy generation apparatus and disconnect the region related in other words, and not need the operation totally adjusting energy generation apparatus.
Main control unit can act on based on the block mold of energy generation apparatus the group control device being under the jurisdiction of it.Such block mold can describe all inverters and the electric current of the current source be connected thereon on electrical network transit point and/or group transit point exports.This description includes the impact of the jockey between single inverter and electrical network transit point.Such jockey can produce very large impact, on single inverter particularly when it includes very long circuit or such as also comprises one or more transformer about the characteristic of electrical network transit point.Here, one on electrical network transit point existing transformer can belong to the part of energy generation apparatus or AC network according to definition, and the transformer that may also exist on group transit point belongs to group self or belong to the jockey of the group be positioned on grid connection point.
Therefore, by block mold, main control unit obtains the information of all key properties about whole energy generation apparatus.Main control unit in this way can be allowed to have an impact to group control device very in detail, thus such as affect in single inverter at it and control.When it only controls to work to the group be subordinate to based on the group interactive construction of single group, the main control unit of energy generation apparatus also can keep less complexity, and this group interactive construction describes the denominator of each group of (comprising its group control device) group electric current output facet on electrical network transit point.This group acting in conjunction structure is described as the unit of function by each group.Single group of acting in conjunction structure can in main control unit integrated one-tenth general function structure, it is described that whole energy generation apparatus, in other words the function of all groups.
Based on a group model, each group of control device can determine how the control device being under the jurisdiction of them controls inverter at it in that, wherein, group model describes inverter and exports with the electric current of the current source be connected thereon on electrical network transit point and/or each group of transit point, and all control device of this group.Here, this description also includes between single inverter and electrical network transit point, the impact of the jockey if necessary between each group of transit point.Each group of control device obtains the very detailed information about all parts of this group thus, and can be very detailed the control device of single inverter is had an impact.
In addition, the critical piece of traditional control device of inverter, such as, determine mains frequency by a PLL, and monitor electrical network, comprise detection electrical network mistake can integrated enter in such a structure.In addition can obtain the clock signal of the semiconductor switch for inverter, wherein, clock signal is applicable to all electric network states and running status, and it can produce in the group control device of upper level.Very simply can control the control device of single inverter like this.It is only made up of, particularly to the switching manipulation being positioned at the semiconductor switch of single inverter controlled by travelling gear the travelling gear of the control command of direct conversion group control device in extreme circumstances.The requirement that significantly can simplify the measurement mechanism being positioned at inverter internal in addition or at least significantly reduce its accuracy, thus reduce the manufacturing cost of single inverter and whole device.
Conversely, when how group control device carries out control to inverter based on the control device that single functional mode determines to be under the jurisdiction of it make, it can keep simpler, wherein, single functional mode describes each inverter and the current source be connected thereon and comprises attached control device and export at electrical network transit point and the electric current if necessary on each group of transit point.Here, each inverter not only comprises it together with its current source and is positioned at access device on electrical network transit point, also comprise attached control device and be regarded as functional element together, group control device only can be learnt from this unit, and how it makes a response by its control device of output current control on electrical network transit point.
At this, each model mentioned can be applied according to the form of feedfoward control.This means, as long as model is correct and proper use of, main control unit or group control device is embedded in the group control device or control device be subordinate to separately the presetting maintenance on electrical network transit point just can be made accurate.But the prerequisite in actual conditions there is point-device model, and description included in this respect has lasting validity.As long as the parameter change of any one reality, thus model is not exclusively accurate, then determine and revise deviation.It is important to reach this object, the main control unit that each model is used by it or group control device check based on surveyed electricity numerical value, and upgrade when needed.Be understandable that, more careful to the inspection of single model, and upgrade more accurate, then electricity numerical measuring is more diversified.This comprises, and not only on electrical network transit point, the group transit point of single group or even single inverter is measured electricity numerical value, as mentioning as a kind of possibility hereinbefore.
The cascade of having set forth above energy generation apparatus disclosed herein can use together with the classification of clock frequency, has an impact to respective be subordinate to control device by this clock frequency, and control device be subordinate in other words works by it.Such main control unit can have an impact to be subordinate to group control device by a clock frequency, this clock frequency at least than a group control device for determining the little factor 2 of the clock frequency of be subordinate to control device how control inverter, be more preferably a little factor 5, preferably to a when young factor 10.In addition organizing control device can control inverter, it at least than a control device be subordinate to for the little factor 2 of the clock frequency that works, be more preferably to a when young factor 5, preferably to a when young factor 10.Therefore the clock frequency of the control device of single inverter is maximum, may have several 10kHz.The complexity of simultaneously being completed by the control device of single inverter of task is minimum, but wherein, may produce maximum input fluctuation simultaneously, the highest to the requirement of the quality of output AC electricity, this means such as accurate as far as possible sine curve.Task to be solved is by organizing control device until main control unit will be more complicated.Input value simultaneously to be considered is due to the mean value fluctuation that generation is slower relatively.Clock frequency can be reduced towards this direction based on this.
Except the clock signal in control device affiliated separately can be acted on, also can from inverter to the direction of main control unit and the data transmission rate reducing signal on it, can accept by it, the presetting of respective be subordinate to control device is produced in other words by the control device of respective upper level, simply can be maintained until main control unit thus or from it to the signal transmission line long especially of group control device or communication line, and higher data transmission rate only exists only in the shorter signal transmission path between group control device and inverter.
Control that generally speaking here can be slower using the carrying out by the main control unit as adjuster on disclosed energy generation apparatus is accelerated adjustment gradually with the control device direction to single inverter and is combined.Whole control can be made to reach speed faster by regulating faster, regulate the mistake that produces by upper level controller identification and correction, although this is slowly very reliably and cost is very low.
Particularly, control device can according to controlling curve and on inverter measured data regulate with high clock frequency, wherein, by change controlling curve, group control device determines how the control device being under the jurisdiction of them regulates inverter.This can determine by the change of balance or according to extra electric parameter generation controlling curve.In addition the relation with extra electric parameter can be changed.As set forth, also possible that, control device regulates inverter according to fixing presetting of group control device.It is possible that the control device of inverter is the travelling gear control signal of group control device only also being changed into the control signal for inverter switching device.Conversely, it is only roughly presetting that group control device can be formulated for the output current of the control device of single inverter, wherein, have ignored this completely and presettingly how realize in the scope of single control device.
Single group of energy generation apparatus disclosed herein can only be made up of the inverter of identical type and the current source connected thereon.The group of such same kind can especially simply control.But when all current sources of such as inverter are PV generating sets, the partial failure when the cloudy day of this group, did not then work completely at night.Therefore advantageously, also in characteristic stable, favourable, common as far as possible, determine single group, this, by by such as different current sources, especially wherein, not only only has pure generator, also has electric energy accumulator to be connected mutually.Here, multiple group with optimum denominator like this can also be formed, their common group of output currents on electrical network transit point have and inverter and the same denominator connecting current source thereon, because this simplify the task of main control unit.
The current source of energy generation apparatus disclosed herein can comprise pure generator, particularly has PV generator and/or the motor of the wind wheel be attached thereto or internal combustion engine here.In addition current source can comprise electric energy accumulator, here, and particularly battery and/or there is the motor of the inertia mass be attached thereto.
Here on disclosed energy generation apparatus except be under the jurisdiction of group control device inverter except, at least another inverter being directly under the jurisdiction of main control unit can be had to be connected on electrical network transit point, and this inverter has connection current source thereon.This means, the intergrade of group control device is not necessarily designed to each inverter of energy generation apparatus.Special especially true for large unit, such as another current source is the inverter of a large battery, a bulky capacitor or an inertia mass accumulator, and it may be designed near electrical network transit point as energy buffer.By direct one or more large unit is connected to energy generation apparatus on main control unit especially can be express to critical grid event, such as electric network fault is made a response, the reactive power that such as input one is large is with burning voltage, temporarily using large effective power as negative rated power, or the asymmetrical electrical network inputted into a leggy, and do not pass to group control device or single inverter by being used for the presetting of optional necessity of the output current of group or single inverter.
Be proved to be advantageously, the control device of each inverter of energy generation apparatus has an EMS, an electric energy accumulator is connected on this inverter, this system especially one side continues the ability of store electrical energy thus to the energy storage capacity of accumulator and it, carry out record on the other hand to output electric energy.
It is to be noted about this point, the entirety of energy generation apparatus or department pattern not only describe (comprising electric energy accumulator) their output current characteristic, also illustrate the current drain characteristic on electrical network transit point, comprise the charged state that it is current.
Here in disclosed energy generation apparatus, main control unit and group control device can be the identical and controllers of also programming in the same manner to a great extent of hardware.Such controller can be designed to have very little or not have Software match cost even completely, and it can use as group control device or main control unit alternatively.Such as controller can have one or more input for the measured value of the measurement mechanism of electric parameter and/or one for carrying out input that reliable communicating is connected and/or an express output for connecting multiple control device be subordinate to and/or one or more for determining the output of the controlling curve of be subordinate to control device and/or one or more is for passing to the output of be subordinate to control device by the control signal being used for an inverter with electric grid operating person.
Favourable improvement of the present invention is described by other, accompanying drawing illustrates and diagram obtains.In the combination of advantage and other features that the feature mentioned is described in foreword as just example, can optionally or the working of combination, and not need compulsory by realizing above-mentioned advantage according to the topology example invented.Do not change the content of other advantageous scheme, the disclosure of original application material and sample is as follows: remaining feature can obtain from diagram in---relative size of the geometry particularly and multiple parts and its positioned opposite and effective connection---.The Feature Combination of different structure example of the present invention or the protection different from feature require equally may with preferred technical scheme deviation to some extent, and be valid to this.This also relate to shown in independent diagram or in it describes the feature mentioned.These features also can be combined from the feature of different optimal technical scheme.Same feature mentioned in optimal technical scheme also can not be used on other topology examples of the present invention.
The quantity of feature mentioned in optimal technical scheme and specification must be understood to, also exists just identical or than its more quantity with mentioned quantity, and does not need clear and definite use " at least " word.When such as referring to parts, must be understood to, there are firm what a, the parts of two or more.In contrast when it may be noted that the accurate quantity of a feature, then before each feature, use " just ".These features can carry out by other feature the single feature supplementing or may be the corresponding finished product of composition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Next will further illustrate by preferred structure example illustrated in the accompanying drawings and describe the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram according to the energy generation apparatus of invention.
Fig. 2 is the complete diagram of the principle of an inverter of energy generation apparatus according to Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 describes Q (U) curve of one of them source generating unit.
Fig. 4 describes one for using according to the characteristic correction voltage depending on the effective power of each source generating unit in Fig. 3; And
Fig. 5 describes the extra correction reactive power that depends on the effective power of each source generating unit, its same being considered in a controlling curve when using the characteristic curve in Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Energy generation apparatus 1 shown in Fig. 1 has multiple inverter 2 to 11, and they are connected in an AC network 13 by a common electrical network transit point 12.Here, devise the electric parameter that other different measurement mechanisms 14 unshowned export for measuring the common total current of all inverters 2 to 11 on electrical network transit point 12, wherein, (when the transformer that existence one on electrical network transit point 12 is such) can be measured the elementary of transformer and/or primary side.Special electric parameter can be the frequency flowing through the electric current of electrical network transit point 12, line voltage, phase angle between electric current and voltage and/or AC network 13.Also other the electric parameter comprising corresponding information can be measured alternatively.The main control unit 15 that the electric parameter obtained is provided to energy generation apparatus is measured by measurement mechanism 14.This main control unit 15 this electric parameter with for presettingly comparing of being exported by the common total current of electrical network transit point 12.This is presetting can comprise asymmetry presetting for effective power P, reactive power Q, phase angle cos φ and/or input power especially and automatically be extrapolated from electric parameter by the functional relation preset by main control unit 15.Alternatively, presetting can by an information communication circuit 16 by an external position, particularly one operation AC network 13 electric grid operating person 17 send them to.In order to realize for common total current export presetting, main control unit 15 1 aspect acts in group control device 18 to 20 (multiple inverter 2 to 4,5 to 7 and 8 to 10 is under the jurisdiction of them separately), on the other hand the control device do not illustrated separately here of direct control inverter 11.Group control device obtains such as one inverter for it at electrical network transit point 12 from main control unit 15, or the common group electric current on each group of transit point 21,22 and 23 exports presetting.The electric parameter that group electric current on each group of transit point 21 to 23 exports will be measured by measurement mechanism 24 to 26 and obtains and be supplied to each group of control device 18 to 20, and this measurement mechanism is disposed in the elementary and/or primary side that is optionally positioned at the transformer on each group of transit point 21 to 23.
Export to make group electric current and equal the presetting of main control unit 15, group control device 18 to 20 acts on the control device of the inverter 2 to 10 do not illustrated separately here.Main control unit 15 can regard functional element by each group 27 to 29 as from inverter 2 to 4,5 to 7 and 8 to 10 and affiliated group control device 18,19 and 20 and all other parts comprised separately being positioned at a frame crossed with dotted line in this approach.It only needs to obtain common characteristic from this unit, such as a common functional mode of group.On the contrary also possible that, although main control unit 15 only directly acts on group control unit 18 to 20, thus the group output current be positioned on group transit point 21 to 23 is had an impact, but here, direct generation is used for the presetting of single inverter 2 to 10, and this is presetting in addition only by the realization of group control device 18 to 20., just can use a general construction of energy generation apparatus 1 here, this structure is provided to main control unit 15 and describes all parts of energy generation apparatus 1, and the common electric current that it have impact on electrical network transit point 12 exports.Also exist in the scope of single group 27 to 29 and change possibility accordingly.Single inverter 2 to 10 can be comprised the current source be attached thereto by group control device 18 to 20, inverter and the jockey organized between transit point 21 or electrical network transit point 12 comprise its control device and regard functional element as, or consider all parts mentioned separately.
Similarly show the inverter 2 to 4,5 to 7 and 8 to 10 of each group 27 to 29 in FIG, be not only more precisely that its quantity in each group 27 to 29 is identical, it is inner also identical with the structure of crossing group 27 to 29 in group.However, it is to be emphasized that the quantity of the inverter of single group can have very large change, although and identical inverter can be included in group 27 to 29, the inverter of each group also can be different.The concrete inverter that both can be designed with the current source with pure motor form in each group, also devises the inverter of the current source with electric energy accumulator form.In the battery that the electric energy (because they produced by the current source of the PV generator forms of inverter indivedual in group) so such as can not stablizing supply temporarily can be stored in other inverter in group or other electric energy accumulators, and reuse when needed.Therefore in the ideal case each group 27 to 29 produce always can produce electric energy on electrical network transit point 12 in preset range output current.In order to reach this target, can also use the pure motor such as finally utilizing fossil energy by internal combustion engine except using and utilizing the pure motor of regenerative resource.Same except also using capacitor for of short duration store electrical energy or the inertia mass that is connected on motor except the battery in mid-term or long term storage electric energy.Also reversible fuel cell system can be used for long-term temporary electric energy, and electric energy is kept in the form of hydrogen by it.
The inverter 11 not being under the jurisdiction of any group of control device in Fig. 1 exemplarily represents a large source generating unit, it can be connected directly between on electrical network transit point 12, thus temporarily makes a response to critical grid event there and/or balance the fluctuation that the common total current of group 27 to 29 exports.Here, can be such as one and temporarily can obtain very high effective and/or reactive power from a bulky capacitor or an inertia mass accumulator, or be connected to one as the inverter on the large battery of current source, or its current source has the inverter of a motor, this motor has the internal combustion engine that connects large diesel engine form thereon.
When working according to the energy generation apparatus 1 of Fig. 1, each model for using is tested according to the electric parameter measured by measurement mechanism 14 and 24 to 26, also upgrades if necessary.As long as the model used keeps upgrading according to the method, the common electric current that it just makes main control unit 15 or group control device 18 to 20 can ensure in electrical network input point 12 exports or exports according to the electric current of a feedfoward control structure and reaches respective presetting.Even when monitoring the result that reality occurs simultaneously, also can keep slower monitoring comparatively speaking, and there is not each output current more cataclysmal risk occurs in the meantime.At be subordinate to functional unit, namely organize 27 to 29 and inverter 2 to 10 in highly significant, undertaken controlling and changing control by an obvious larger clock frequency.This is particularly when the current source of inverter particularly important when the electric energy for using in fact can not be avoided to occur temporary transient obvious fluctuation---as on PV motor---.
Fig. 2 illustrates the inverter 2 according to Fig. 1, comprises and is under the jurisdiction of having an impact and the parts do not represented separately in FIG to the electric current output on group transit point 21 of it.This includes the current source 30 be connected on inverter 2 input side, the control device 32 of the jockey 31 be connected to by inverter on group transit point 21, inverter and the measurement mechanism 33 for the electric parameter of measuring the output current of inverter 2 on its outlet side.Group control device 18 inverter 2 can be comprised this and other functional unit 34 is regarded as to the factor that the output current of inverter 2 has an impact, and do not do further consideration except a single functional mode of this functional unit 34.Contrary group control device 18 can consider separately mentioned parts, and is applied to control device 32 control command, and this control command is directly changed by it.
The characteristic of jockey can carry out theoretical modeling based on the single parts of this jockey, namely calculates, and is connected to electrical network transit point 12 and organizes if necessary on transit point 21 to 23 by the single inverter 2 to 11 of this jockey.One known for keeping the method for the voltage in AC network to be that the energy generation apparatus connected inputs reactive power Q according to the line voltage U existed on its electrical network transit point.Fig. 3 shows corresponding Q (U) characteristic curve, and wherein, Q represents the reactive power amount in institute's input power, and U represents the line voltage in working cell.This characteristic curve is followed, then because the characteristic of the jockey of single source generating unit can not change this curve on electrical network transit point under the prerequisite of not mating source generating unit when requiring that the total current on electrical network transit point exports.This characteristic curve can must be revised in generation device each, thus makes the jockey of each source generating unit bear calculating.This correction at least considers the effective power P that a basis is inputted by each energy generation apparatus
wcorrection voltage U
k, wherein, a linear relationship usually can be used, as in the diagram, this correction voltage U
kin fact consider between each energy generation apparatus and electrical network transit point due to the loss of voltage that Ohmic resistance causes.
In addition be proved to be advantageously, also to according to the characteristic curve correction one of Fig. 3 according to inputted effective power P
wcorrection reactive power Q
k, figure 5 illustrates a possible curve determined by different reference value for this reason.Other correction is for considering that single jockey also can be necessary completely.Compensate to this characteristic correction thus to the jockey of each source generating unit and result in each source generating unit and no longer can control by a static controlling curve, this curve is a fixing curve.The correction of the different necessity of carrying out in a two dimensional creates a series of characteristic curve or a two dimension or multidimensional chain of command extended in three-dimensional or hyperspace in fact.But in actual conditions when the input value of controlling curve and output valve are additionally modified, the controlling curve of source generating unit can be kept to control, prerequisite is only also not enough to the correction of the two-dimensional curve of controlling curve.
Reference numeral table
1 energy generation apparatus
2 inverters
3 inverters
4 inverters
5 inverters
6 inverters
7 inverters
8 inverters
9 inverters
10 inverters
11 inverters
12 electrical network transit points
13 AC network
14 measurement mechanisms
15 main control units
16 communication lines
17 electric grid operating persons
18 groups of control device
19 groups of control device
20 groups of control device
21 groups of transit points
22 groups of transit points
23 groups of transit points
24 measurement mechanisms
25 measurement mechanisms
26 measurement mechanisms
27 groups
28 groups
29 groups
30 current sources
31 jockeys
32 control device
33 measurement mechanisms
34 functional units.
Claims (23)
1. an energy generation apparatus (1), its have multiple input side be connected to respective current source (30) upper, be connected to the inverter on a common electrical network transit point (12) at outlet side,
-wherein, each inverter comprises a control device (32),
-wherein, the control device (32) of first group of (27) inverter is connected with first group of control device (18),
-wherein, described first group of control device (18) acts on the control device (32) of described first group of (27) inverter,
The control device (32) of the-at least the second group (28) inverter is connected with second group of control device (19),
-wherein, described second group of control device (19) acts on the control device (32) of second group of (28) inverter,
-wherein, described first group of control device (18) is connected with a main control unit (15) with at least described second group of control device (19),
-wherein, the measurement mechanism (14) for the electric parameter exported in the upper common total current measuring all inverters of electrical network transit point (12) is connected with described main control unit (15), and
-wherein, the electric parameter that described main control unit (15) exports based on the common total current recorded on electrical network transit point (12) acts on the group control device (18 to 20) being under the jurisdiction of it,
It is characterized in that, each group of control device (18 to 20) and/or described main control unit (15) comprising:
One or more is for determining the output of the controlling curve of the control device (32) be subordinate to and/or the output for the control signal being used for inverter being transferred to the control device (32) be subordinate to;
One or more is for the input of the measured value of the electric parameter of measurement mechanism (14); And/or
One for carrying out with electric grid operating person (17) input that reliable communicating is connected; And/or
One for being connected to the input on higher level's control device (15).
2. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described control device (32) is constructed to control described inverter according to controlling curve and the electric parameter that records on described inverter, wherein, described group of control device (18 to 20) is constructed to the controlling curve of the control device (32) determining to be under the jurisdiction of them.
3. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), is characterized in that, described group of control device (18 to 20) is constructed to the control signal being used for described inverter be passed to the control device (32) be subordinate to.
4. the energy generation apparatus (1) any one of the claims, is characterized in that,
-at least the control device (32) of another group (29) inverter be under the jurisdiction of another group control device (20),
-wherein, another group control device (20) described acts on the control device (32) of the 3rd group of (29) inverter, for meeting the presetting of common group of electric current output of all inverters for described another group (29), and
-another group control device (20) described is also under the jurisdiction of described main control unit (15).
5. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), is characterized in that, described for common total current export presetting by main control unit (15)
-directly obtained by the electric grid operating person (17) of the AC network (13) be connected on electrical network transit point (12) and/or
-try to achieve from the electric parameter recorded at electrical network transit point (12).
6. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), it is characterized in that, the other measurement mechanism (24 to 26,33) of the electric parameter that the electric current that described energy generation apparatus (1) comprises group electric current output and/or the single inverter measuring single group (27 to 29) exports, measured electric parameter is by main control unit (15) and/or organize control device (18 to 20) and/or control device (32) consideration.
7. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), it is characterized in that, described main control unit (15) is constructed to act on for the presetting of common group electric current output the group control device (18 to 20) being under the jurisdiction of it by transmission.
8. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described main control unit (15) is constructed to act on based on a block mold group control device (18 to 20) being under the jurisdiction of it, and described block mold describes all inverters and is connected to current source (30) on the inverter electric current on electrical network transit point (12) and exports and all control device (32) and all groups of control device (18 to 20).
9. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described main control unit (15) is constructed to act on based on the group interaction model of single group (27 to 29) the group control device (18 to 20) be subordinate to, and described group of interaction model describes corresponding group (27 to 29) and comprise the denominator that it organizes control device (18 to 20) the group electric current output facet on electrical network transit point (12).
10. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, how the control device (32) that each group of control device (18 to 20) is constructed to determine to be under the jurisdiction of based on a group model them controls inverter, and described group model describes inverter and the current source be connected thereon (30) and exports and all control device (32) of this group (27 to 29) at electrical network transit point (12) and/or the electric current organized accordingly on transit point (21 to 23).
11. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, how the control device (32) that described group of control device (18 to 20) is constructed to determine to be under the jurisdiction of based on single functional mode them controls inverter, and described single functional mode describes corresponding inverter and the current source (30) be connected on inverter comprises attached control device (32) in electrical network transit point (12) and/or the characteristic organizing the electric current output facet on transit point (21 to 23) accordingly.
Energy generation apparatus (1) any one of 12. according to Claim 8 to 11, it is characterized in that, corresponding model is constructed to be tested based on the electric parameter recorded by the main control unit (15) or group control device (18 to 20) using it and to be upgraded when needed.
13. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), it is characterized in that, described main control unit (15) is constructed to can with a clock frequency effect in be subordinate to group control device (18 to 20), at least little than the following clock frequency factor 2 of this clock frequency, preferably to when young factor 5, more preferably to a when young factor 10, described group of control device (18 to 20) determines to be under the jurisdiction of its control device how control inverter with this clock frequency.
14. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), it is characterized in that, described group of control device (18 to 20) is constructed to control device (32) the how control inverter can determining to be under the jurisdiction of with a clock frequency it, the little factor 2 of clock frequency when this clock frequency at least works than be subordinate to control device, preferably to when young factor 5, more preferably to a when young factor 10.
15. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), is characterized in that, at least one group (27 to 29) only includes same inverter and is connected to the current source (30) on inverter.
16. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, multiple groups (27 to 29) have the inverter of respective sets and are connected to the same denominator of the common current output facet of current source (30) on electrical network transit point (12) on inverter.
17. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), it is characterized in that, described current source (30) is generator, optionally PV generator and/or motor and/or the fuel cell with windmill or the internal combustion engine be attached thereto, and for the holder of electric energy, optionally battery and/or there is the motor of the inertia mass be attached thereto and/or reversible fuel cell or there is fuel cell/hydrolysis substance combination of the hydrogen reservoir be attached thereto.
18. energy generation apparatus according to claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, except being under the jurisdiction of the inverter of group control device (18 to 20), at least one inverter that is other, that be directly under the jurisdiction of main control unit (15) is connected on electrical network transit point (12), the current source be connected that described other inverter has.
19. energy generation apparatus according to claim 17 (1), is characterized in that, the current source of described other inverter is large battery, large capacitor and/or the motor with the inertia mass be attached thereto.
20. according to the energy generation apparatus (1) of claim 16 or 18, and it is characterized in that, the control device of each inverter has EMS, and electric energy accumulator is connected on described inverter.
21. energy generation apparatus according to claim 8 (1), it is characterized in that, model for electric energy accumulator is constructed to the output current characteristic not only describing them, also illustrates their current drain characteristics on electrical network transit point (12).
22. energy generation apparatus as claimed in one of claims 1-3 (1), is characterized in that, described main control unit (15) and described group of control device (18 to 20) are the controllers with same hardware.
23. 1 kinds for being used in the controller on the energy generation apparatus any one of claim 1 to 21, it is characterized in that, described controller is constructed to group control device (18 to 20) or main control unit (15), and described controller has
One or more input for the measured value of the electric parameter of measurement mechanism (14) and/or
One for electric grid operating person (17) carry out input that reliable communicating is connected and/or
One for be connected to input on higher level's control device (32) and one for be connected to output on multiple control device be subordinate to and/or
One or more for determine the controlling curve of the control device (32) be subordinate to output and/or
One or more is for being transferred to the output of the control device (32) be subordinate to by the control signal being used for inverter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012105722 | 2012-06-28 | ||
| DE102012105722.2 | 2012-06-28 |
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| CN204243779U true CN204243779U (en) | 2015-04-01 |
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| DE (1) | DE102013106151B4 (en) |
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| US10277229B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2019-04-30 | Kohler Co. | Communication over generator bus |
| DE102014107115A1 (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-11-26 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for controlling decentralized power generation plants |
| WO2019096631A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-23 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Feeding electric power from a photovoltaic system into an ac system having a low short-circuit capacity |
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| DE102007022879A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-27 | Sma Solar Technology Ag | Inverter for feeding in an AC network |
| DE102007044601A1 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2009-04-09 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind farm with voltage regulation of wind turbines and operating procedures |
| DE102009030725A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-30 | Repower Systems Ag | Wind farm and method for controlling a wind farm |
| WO2011091857A1 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Operation of an electrical energy supply network |
| US20110166717A1 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-07-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Real power control in wind farm |
| US9046077B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2015-06-02 | General Electric Company | Reactive power controller for controlling reactive power in a wind farm |
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