CN2041702U - 巢式真空隔热砖 - Google Patents

巢式真空隔热砖 Download PDF

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CN2041702U
CN2041702U CN88209706U CN88209706U CN2041702U CN 2041702 U CN2041702 U CN 2041702U CN 88209706 U CN88209706 U CN 88209706U CN 88209706 U CN88209706 U CN 88209706U CN 2041702 U CN2041702 U CN 2041702U
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brick
vacuum heat
insulation
heat insulation
surface layer
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潘磊
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/003Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0068Embedding lost cores
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

一种巢式真空隔热砖,可以广泛用于铺设建筑物屋顶天台地面等场合,这种砖的外壳为混合水泥层,其内部整个空间用高密度隔热材料如普利龙块填充,砖的水泥外壳的面层和底层设有向内凸起的“井”形格子梁,面层和底层之间均匀设置至少一根贯穿所述隔热材料的水泥支柱。

Description

本实用新型涉及一种隔热(保温)建筑材料,具体来说,本实用新型涉及一种巢式真空隔热砖。这种巢式真空隔热砖可以广泛地用于铺设居民住宅楼,办公楼等各种建筑物屋顶天台地面等场合,由于这种巢式真空隔热砖外层使用水泥,内部利用塑胶原料EPS(普利龙)的优良隔热性能形成一接近真空状态的隔热(保温)层,使砖体的导热面积减至原面积的大约二十分之一,因而获得良好的隔热(保温)效果。同时,由于承受压力的水泥面层和底层有向砖的内部凸起的井形巢式结构(如建筑上的格子梁)以及面层和底层之间平均分布的贯穿隔热层的若干支柱,使砖的抗压强度增加,而且比重仅为同体积水泥砖的一半,运输施工方便。另外,砖的外观美丽,建筑物天台铺设后无需再加工整理,不受气候影响而碎裂,防漏性能好,为其它同类隔热建材所不及。
现在就目前建筑上所沿用各种隔热建材的缺点作如下分析:
1.石棉类:
因其有害人体健康,先进国家多已禁用;
2.煤渣砖:
隔热效果差,日久自动破碎,不宜铺设建筑物顶层天台;
3.空心砖类:
不仅效果不佳,而且空心部分反而会储积热量(无对流之故)。而且铺设后的天台需再加工才能使用;
4.普利龙砖类:
这种砖的制造(设计)者未能充分发挥塑胶原料EPS(普利龙)的隔热功能,有的仅将一厘米厚左右的普利龙膜片贴于普通红钢砖的底部,无实际的隔热效果,反而大大降低砖与天台地面的附着力;有的甚至将普利龙片先铺于天台地面,上面再复盖地砖,效果更差;
5.泡沫水泥类:
有喷浆、轻质填浆等施工方法,即在整个天台地面铺上一层松脆的泡沫水泥,这种方法的隔热效果为目前较佳者。但是,这种方法施工困难,尤其是位于闹市区及四层以上的高层楼房;其最大的缺点是泡沫水泥质地松脆,稍加压力即碎裂,容易造成屋顶渗漏。用这种方法铺设的天台无法使用。
6.防热浆类:
这类隔热建材大多为外国科技新产品,性能优良但价格昂
Figure 882097067_IMG2
8普通者其隔热效果又不理想,同时也存在施工困难的缺点。铺后的天台亦不能使用。
本实用新型的目的是提供一种克服上述各类建材的缺点的巢式真空隔热砖,这种砖具有重量轻,价格便宜,外形美观,铺设方便,坚固耐用,和隔热(保温)效果极佳的优点。
本实用新型的巢式真空隔热砖的隔热(保温)原理:
我们已经知道塑胶原料EPS(普利龙)具有极佳的隔热效能(日常所用的保温杯,冰桶,冰箱夹层已经证明了这一点),所以,我们只要能够在一块砖的内部,设计出一种能使这种比重极轻且不易与其它物质紧密结合的物质紧密充填的制造结构和方法,同时考虑到砖的抗压强度(虽然一般天台都无需载负重物),那么这种砖块每一块都相当于一个保温杯或冰桶,然后将这种砖紧密铺设在天台的地面上,所以自然可以产生极佳的隔热(保温)效果。
本实用新型的巢式真空隔热砖的外形为厚度较薄的长方体,砖体的六面外壳为适当厚度的混合水泥层,其内部的整个空间用高密度(较硬)的隔热材料如普利龙填充,形成相当于“真空”的绝对隔热层。这块高密度的普利龙以预定的尺寸和形状向专门制造普利龙的工厂开模定制。俟砖块制造成形干透后再经一次高温,使内部所填充的普利龙略为膨胀,与水泥外层形成更紧密的接触。
为了增加砖体(外壳)强度,可以在砖的面层和底层内部,设计成类似蜂巢形向内凸起的“井”形方格,使砖面承受压力的面积平均分散;同时可以再从砖面层和底层之间设置若干贯穿普利龙隔热层的水泥支柱。事实上,这种设计在制造时非常简单,只需相反地设计在所定制的普利龙块上(等于母模),当制砖模具内灌满混合水泥,便可成型。
现在参照以下附图详细描述本实用新型的一个推荐实施例及其制造过程:
图1为本实用新型一实施例的砖体外形主体图;
图2为图1所示砖体横截面图;
图3为图1所示砖体底层内部结构示意图;
图4为图1所示砖体面层内部结构示意图;
图5为图1所示砖内使用的普利龙块的主体图;
图6为图1所示砖体内部结构示意图;
图7为本实用新型的巢式真空隔热砖制造过程的示意图。
图1所示为本实用新型的巢式真空隔热砖1的一个实施例的立体图,其外形为长方体,该长方体的面层和底层为正方形,厚度较薄。
如图2所示,砖的六面外层为适当厚度的混合水泥外壳2,其内部的整个空间用高密度的普利龙块3填充,形成相当于“真空”的绝对隔热层,这块高密度的普利龙块3以预定的尺寸和形状向专门制造普利龙的工厂开模定制。俟砖块制造成形干透后再经一次高温处理,使砖体内的普利龙块3略为膨胀,与水泥外壳2形成更紧密的接触。
为了增加砖体外壳2的强度,从而也提高砖的整体强度,如图3和4所示,在砖的面层和底层内部设有类似蜂巢形向内凸起的“井”形方格,在图示实施例中,如图3所示,砖的底层设有纵横各两道凸棱形成的9格的“井”形格子梁4;如图4所示,砖的面层设有纵横各三道凸棱形成的16格的“井”形格子梁5。在砖的面层和底层之间设有若干根(图示实施例为4根)贯穿普利龙块3的平均分布的混合水泥支柱6。这种设计在制造时非常简单,只需要在所定制的普利龙块3的上、下面上相应地设计出格子槽7、8并在支柱的部位设计出相应的通孔9即可,这样当在制砖模具内灌满混合水泥,便可形成格子梁和支柱。
根据图示实施例的设计,我们不难发现,该砖的受热面积虽然是一平方英尺,但事实上,真正能把热传导到砖的底部即天台的地面的只有砖的四边(宽 5/16 ″)和四根直径 5/16 ″的支柱,也就是说,实际的导热面积只有砖的面积的 1/20 ,其余的热量只留在砖的表面,对砖底毫无影响。同样的原理砖面的热量,也会很快地散发掉,不像其它隔热建材,需要很长时间才能将积存于内部的热量散发掉。由于砖的材料大部分为普利龙,因此砖的重量只及一般同体积砖的一半,所以对于运输及施工极具经济效益。因为该砖的制造模具经特殊设计,因此砖的面层平滑如镜(当然也可添加图案花纹),美观耐用,在天台上铺设后,无需再作其它处理,增加房屋的实用面积。该砖的面积只有一平方英尺,施工时可用弹性不老化的防漏接合胶接合,不受天气变化的膨胀收缩影响,不会断裂破碎。同时,施工时只要将天台四边作适当处理,该砖兼具防漏之效。
下面对照图7说明本实用新型的巢式真空隔热砖的制造过程。
这种砖所需的生产设备是:
1.桶形斜置式原料搅拌机;
2.轻度震荡机;
3.模具:每块砖一组模具,包括底座一块,边框四片,固定插销四支。均用铁制成。底座及边框内侧要电镀。
这种砖基本原料是:
1.防漏加强水泥;
2.砂;
3.白萤石碎粒(亦可不用);
4.脱模溶剂;
5.加温设备。
这种砖的制造程序是(见图7):
1.将四个边框11固定于底座10上(图7A);
2.内部涂脱模剂;
3.在模内铺上 3/8 ″厚的混合水泥材料(图7B);
4.将定制的普利龙块3放置在模的中央(图7C);
5.将水泥混合材料灌注在模内壁与普利龙块的空隙处,至全部填满为止(图7D);
6.略为震荡;
7.再整理模顶之水泥混合材料;
8.自然干燥;
9.加温;
10.脱模-制造完成(图7E)。
本说明书并不是对本实用新型的限定,本专业技术人员完全可以对砖的外形,尺寸,所用材料做许多修改,这样并不会超出本实用新型的实质范围。

Claims (3)

1、一种巢式真空隔热砖,其特征在于:砖的外壳为混合水泥层,其内部整个空间用高密度隔热材料填充,砖的水泥外壳的面层和底层设有向内凸起的“井”形格子梁,所述面层和底层之间均匀设置至少一根贯穿所述隔热材料的水泥支柱。
2、按照权利要求1所述的巢式真空隔热砖,其特征在于:所述隔热材料为预制成型的塑胶原料EPS(普利龙)块,该砖成形干透后经加温处理,所述普利龙块的膨胀使其与所述水泥外壳有紧密接触。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的巢式真空隔热砖,其特征在于:该砖为厚度较薄的长方体,所述面层和底层为正方形,面层内部设有纵横各三道凸棱形成的16格“井”形格子梁,底层内部设有纵横各两道凸棱形成的9格“井”形格子架,而且所述的水泥支柱为四根。
CN88209706U 1988-08-15 1988-08-15 巢式真空隔热砖 Expired - Lifetime CN2041702U (zh)

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GB8918621A GB2223520B (en) 1988-08-15 1989-08-15 A roofing product

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101568787B (zh) * 2006-12-22 2013-07-17 Bsh博世和西门子家用器具有限公司 制冷装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9316864U1 (de) * 1993-11-04 1994-01-13 Bruckschlögl, Michael, 91161 Hilpoltstein Nichttragendes Deckenelement
SG131776A1 (en) * 2005-10-05 2007-05-28 James Lim Jee Keng Composite cement-foam panel and roof deck system
ES2299362B1 (es) * 2006-07-11 2009-04-01 Bestile, S.L. Baldosa para revestimiento y pavimentacion.
SG148063A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-12-31 James Lim Jee Keng Composite cement panel

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AT227921B (de) * 1960-01-19 1963-06-25 Eric C Latscher-Latka Bauplatte
GB1020917A (en) * 1962-12-12 1966-02-23 Poron Insulation Ltd Building panel
GB1199861A (en) * 1968-01-03 1970-07-22 Elkalite Ltd Composite Building Panel
AU520177B2 (en) * 1977-08-15 1982-01-21 John Tilly Graeme Wall panel

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101568787B (zh) * 2006-12-22 2013-07-17 Bsh博世和西门子家用器具有限公司 制冷装置

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GB2223520A (en) 1990-04-11
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