Miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station
Technical field
The application relates to the dual polarization positioning transceiving antenna of a kind of horizontal plane lobe width between 55-75 °, and two polarization of this antenna are mutually orthogonal, such as orthogonal level and vertical or ± 45 degree of slant polarizations.
Background technology
US Patent No. 3740754, it is one of dual polarized antenna patent described the earliest, it is described that the oscillator be made up of two metallic material pipe, these metal tubes are interconnected with suitable chine, and be placed on a reflection cap, and respectively feed is carried out to two groups of oscillators by two groups of coaxial lines.Subsequently, in order to widen its working frequency range, hundreds of different dual polarized antenna is developed.
US Patent No. 4184163 describes a kind of broadband dual polarized antenna, and in this patent, the oscillator arms of its antenna is made up of becket, and becket is ring annular or foursquare square frame-shaped.US5481272, US5952983, US6028563 and US6072439 describe the oscillator of several types, comprise and amount to grid oscillator, knot oscillator, and have the oscillator of additional PCB Ba Lun.
At US Patent No. 6747606B2, US2005/0253769A1, US2013/0106668A1 and Chinese patent CN201435451Y, CN102025023A, in CN201845867U and CN102074781A., describe the cross oscillator of several types, these oscillators comprise the radiating doublet arm that is made up of Liang Ge branch to improve lobe width.
Because crossed dipoles produces a wide lobe at horizontal plane, in order to reduce its lobe width, many more complicated radiant bodies are invented.US Patent No. 5940044 describes a kind of inclination dual polarized antenna, nearly 65 ° at the half-power beam width of horizontal plane, this antenna, this antenna package is containing several dipole submatrix, each dipole is rearranged by 4 single dipoles and assumes diamond in shape, diamond or upright box-shaped, constitute dipole submatrix.Two single dipoles in each dipole submatrix are become+45 ° with the long limit of reflecting plate by inclined design, thus form+45 ° of ultra-wideband antenna arrays.Two other single dipole is then designed to-45 ° with the long limit of reflecting plate, thus forms-45 ° of ultra-wideband antenna arrays.In the patent, these dipoles are arranged in as under type, and wherein+45 ° of single dipoles of the same side and the phase center of-45 ° of single dipoles are along the first vertical line arrangement being parallel to the long limit of reflecting plate.In like manner, the phase center of another one+45 ° of single dipoles and-45 ° of single dipoles arranges along the second vertical line.The major defect of this square dipole needs a complicated feeding network, such as, these four single dipoles of 4 coaxial pairs must be used to carry out feed respectively.
EP0973231A2, US6333720B1, US6529172B2 and US2010/0309084A1 describe several radiant body with square pattern.In order to be beneficial to manufacture, the Ba Lun of these dipoles tilts relative to the pattern center line of square oscillator.Although this is new graphic structure, it is still very complicated for manufacturing this antenna.
US Patent No. 6313809B1 describes a kind of dual polarised radiation body be made up of 4 single dipoles, and this radiant body is placed on a reflector rightly, from top, in square in its overall structure.Each dipole relies on symmetric line carry out feed and have following characteristics, the sub-radiant body of dual polarization dipole is orientated to+45 with one with the dipole that specifies in structure in electric and spends or radiation is carried out in the polarization of-miter angle, being cross-linked of end of the realization like this symmetric line of 1/2nd dipoles separately, namely adjacent, corresponding 1/2nd circuits of the dipole of orthogonal 1/2nd are electrically connected all the time, and for the first polarization and with its orthogonal second polarize achieve decoupling and electric feed can be carried out respectively to the dipole of relative 1/2nd.
About some other amendments of this square dipole, at the U.S. and Chinese patent US6940465B2, US7688271B2, CN202423543U, CN202268481U, CN101916910A, CN102097677A, CN102694237A, CN102544711A, be described in CN201199545Y, CN102117967A and CN102013560A..
Patent WO2007/114620A1 describes a kind of dual polarised radiation body be made up of four folded dipoles, this radiant body employs the identical arrangement of US Patent No. 6313809B1, be positioned over preferably on reflecting plate, other about this folded dipole is modified in Chinese patent CN101707292A, CN201430215Y, CN202178382U, be described with in CN202004160U, in addition, China CN102377007A, CN201117803Y, CN201117803Y and CN101505007A describes several folded dipole and adds a single dipole and form a square dipole figure by capacitive coupling.
When bandwidth reaches 30%, known these comprise four radiant bodies that are common or folded dipole and form a square dipole and can provide a good directional diagram, but these dipoles need a wide reflecting plate to produce a good front and back ratio.When its radiation deployment devices is placed on one piece of reflecting plate, its oscillator height is approximately the quarter-wave of center operating frequency, and therefore known radiant body has a larger size.
In order to overcome these shortcomings, many dual polarised radiation bodies with small size feature are in addition invented, at US Patent No. 6933906B2, US7132995B2, US2012/0235873A1, and Chinese patent CN102074779A, CN102157783A, CN101707291A, CN101572346A, CN201741796U, CN101546863A, CN101673881A, CN202150554U, CN102246352A, CN102484321A, many crossed dipoless with different oscillator arms are described in CN202423541U, CN102544764A, CN101707287A.At horizontal plane, the lobe width of crossed dipoles is too wide, therefore, large side must be used to reduce lobe width, and the size of such antenna still can be very large, such as, at US Patent No. 7679576B2.
In patent WO 2007/114620A1, one that describes that the folded dipole that is made up of a coupling part and the concussion oscillator arms that is connected forms square dipole.In US Patent No. 2009/0179814 A1, describe a kind of dual polarization wideband antenna, the radiation appliance of this antenna includes folded dipole, and as precedence technique, what Fig. 1 showed is exactly its radiant body.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the application aims to provide a kind of high-quality miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station, this miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station must can provide high-quality directional diagram, and such as, this miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station need possess large cross polarization ratio and front and back ratio etc.And existing known dual polarized antenna all comprises the reflector of a wide size, people utilize the reflector of this wide size to produce large front and back ratio, and therefore, these antenna has larger overall dimension.Based on this, first object of the application is the physical size reducing dual polarized antenna as much as possible, i.e. miniature antenna; Second goal of the invention be dual polarized antenna after making miniaturization still have the same front and back of dual polarized antenna large-sized with tradition than and the index such as cross polarization ratio.3rd goal of the invention is that a kind of outstanding Broadband Matching feeding network invented by miniature antenna radiation appliance for this reason.
For achieving the above object, the miniaturized dual polarized antenna base station that the application provides comprises radiation appliance and supportive conductors unit, radiation appliance is supported and fixed on reflecting plate by supportive conductors unit, wherein, two supportive conductors form again two orthogonal Ba Lun, and carry out activating radiation device by two coaxial cables being positioned at radiation appliance center, make it the orthogonal linear electromagnetic field of generation two, this linear electromagnetic field has the E vector paralleled with radiation appliance geometry diagonal.
Secondly, radiation appliance described in the application contains 4 folded dipoles, and mates feed by the strip line of 4 groups of symmetries to it.Between four groups of symmetrical strip lines, every two groups of adjacent stripline conductors are connected to each other together in the centre of radiation appliance and define a smooth interconnective self supporting structure.
In addition, the reflecting plate of the application's antenna is much smaller than the reflecting plate of existing known antenna, radiation appliance is just placed on this undersized reflecting plate, radiation appliance includes additional conducting element, this conductor element is between the end of adjacent folded dipole, another conductor element is positioned on the geometric center of radiation conductor, these extra conductor are on the one hand to improve front and back ratio and cross polarization ratio, on the other hand when radiation appliance is placed on a small size reflecting plate, these add ons also mate coaxial feeder network.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Corresponding accompanying drawing is included into the part constituting explanation, illustrates the specific embodiments of the application, and together with the detailed description of following the application provided, explains the principle of the application.
Fig. 1 is a kind of dual-polarization broadband antenna, come from previous technology (US Patent No. 2009/0179814A1), it illustrate a radiation appliance, four folded dipoles that this radiation appliance comprises, these four folded dipoles are by the feeder line feed of four groups of symmetries and interconnected at its center at radiation appliance.
Fig. 2 is the structural perspective of one of the radiating element embodiment of the miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station of the application, and it contains a radiation appliance and additional conductor element, and is placed on reflecting plate.
Fig. 3 is the polycrystalline substance stereogram of the radiating element in miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station shown in Fig. 2, and radiating element is with two supportive conductors and two feed coaxial cables, and they are connected to each other by one piece of pedestal metallic plate.
Diagram 4 is vertical views of the radiation appliance of radiating element not with top metal plate in miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station shown in Fig. 2.
Diagram 5 is structural perspective of the second embodiment of the miniaturized Bipolarization antenna for base station radiating element of the application, and radiation appliance and two orthogonal Ba Lun monoblock casts or die casting, in a metal die, form an all-in-one-piece metal oscillator.
Diagram 6 is structural perspective of a kind of distortion of Fig. 5 embodiment, forms a circular all-in-one-piece metal oscillator.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of dual-polarization broadband antenna, come from previous technology (US Patent No. 2009/0179814A1), it illustrate a radiation appliance, four folded dipoles that this radiation appliance comprises, these four folded dipoles are by the feeder line feed of four groups of symmetries, and the adjacent conductor of the feeder line of every two groups of symmetries is joined together at the center of radiation appliance.Two coaxial cables that antenna is placed in radiation appliance center activate, and the orthogonal linear electromagnetic field of radiation two, this electromagnetic field has the E vector paralleled with radiation appliance geometry diagonal.
Fig. 2 illustrates the first embodiment of the application, it comprises a radiation appliance with printed circuit board (PCB) manufacture and two the orthogonal Ba Lun be supported on reflecting plate 1, the size of reflecting plate 1 is less than existing known antenna reflecting plate, four folded dipole 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d are by the strip line 22a of four groups of symmetries, 22b, 22c and 22d feed, they are placed in the lower surface of medium substrate 2, as shown in Figure 3.The outer conductor 4a of supportive conductors 3a and coaxial cable is connected on metal base sheet 5, which constitute first Ba Lun, in like manner, second Ba Lun is connected on metal base sheet 5 by the outer conductor 4b of supportive conductors 3b and coaxial cable and forms, and supportive conductors 3a and 3b is less than 0.15 wavelength of its center operating frequency.Supportive conductors 3a, the bottom end of 3b and outer conductor 4a, 4b is linked together by conductor base pieces 5, top conductor plate 6 is supported on medium substrate 2 by insulating supporting post 7, dielectric film 8 keeps apart conductor pedestal 5 and reflecting plate 1, and be fixed on reflecting plate 1 with plastic rivet 9 by conductor base pieces 5, therefore, this embodiment can not produce passive intermodulation because of intermetallic connectivity problem.Conductor 10 is soldered and be positioned at the turning of dielectric-slab 2 and point to reflecting plate 1, and side plate 11 is positioned at the edge of medium substrate 2.
Fig. 3 illustrates the lower surface of dielectric-slab 2, and it comprises four folded dipole 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, these four folded dipoles are respectively by the strip line 22a of four groups of symmetries, 22b, 22c and 22d feed, four same conductor 12 are between the folded dipole end of medium substrate 2 lower surface.Four same conductor 10 are connected respectively on four conductors 12.
The top end of supportive conductors 3a is connected to the connecting portion place of two groups of adjacent symmetric band matrices line 22c and 22d, and in like manner, the top end of supportive conductors 3b is connected to the connecting portion place of two groups of adjacent symmetric band matrices line 22a and 22d; The top end of the top end 4a of coaxial cable outer conductor is connected to the connecting portion place of two groups of adjacent symmetric band matrices line 22a and 22b, in like manner, the top end of the top end 4b of coaxial cable outer conductor is connected to the connecting portion place of two groups of adjacent symmetric band matrices line 22b and 22d.
What Fig. 4 showed is the top view of the medium substrate 2 not having top conductor block 6, and inner wire 14a and the 14b of coaxial cable 4a and 4b is connected respectively to the top end of supportive conductors 3a and 3b by conducting bridge 15a and 15b.
Conductor 10 carries out capacitive coupling with the end of folded dipole and reflecting plate 1 respectively, therefore, radio-frequency current flows along conductor 10 and produces a directed radiation along reflecting plate, the electric field E vector oriented of this radiation is perpendicular to reflecting plate, and this radiation improves the beamwidth in E face and inhibits folded dipole radiation upwards in the wings to a certain extent.Conductor 12 is connected to conductor 10, improves the capacitive coupling between conductor 10 and folded dipole end.Thus conductor 10 and conductor 12 improve the front and back ratio of antenna, and create a radiation, and its E vector oriented is perpendicular to reflecting plate, this radiation improves the cross polarization ratio of antenna ± 60 ° of edges of regions.The result done like this is exactly that this miniature antenna and conventionally known large reflection plate antenna have the cross polarization ratio of identical when ± 60 ° of edges of regions in front and back when antenna has a little reflector.
Conducting bridge 15a and 15b activates upper conductor sheet 6, the overall dimension of upper conductor sheet 6 is less than folded dipole, therefore, the high band of its Radiation work frequency range, the radiation of upper conductor sheet 6 is different from the radiation of folded dipole, activate because the radiation of folded dipole is the stripline end of 4 groups of symmetries, different in the radiation of both high bands of working frequency range, this enough suppresses the radiation from folded dipole to a certain extent, since conductor piece 6 produce radiation improve the beamwidth of antenna at the high band of working frequency range, the result done like this is exactly that height when between the oscillator and reflecting plate of antenna is when being less than operating center frequency 0.15 wavelength, antenna has the index identical with traditional antenna, the oscillator height of traditional antenna is approximately 0.25 wavelength.
Upper conductor sheet 6 and conductor 10,12 produce together be reflected in the reflection that inhibit to a certain extent from folded dipole, as a result, when height when between the oscillator and reflecting plate of antenna is less than centre frequency 0.15 wavelength, antenna will produce the coupling bandwidth identical with traditional antenna by feeder cable, and the height between traditional antenna oscillator and reflecting plate is about 0.25 wavelength.
What Fig. 5 showed is the second embodiment of the application's patent, and radiation appliance comprises folded dipole 31a, 31b, 31c and 31d, is connected to the symmetric band matrices line 32a of folded dipole, 32632c and 32d, two orthogonal Ba Lun, they are cast as an entirety by casting die.First Ba Lun by supportive conductors 33a, coaxial outer conductor, and the base plate 35 they connected together is formed.
Conductor 30 is supported between adjacent folded dipole end by dielectric pad 36, each conductor 30 is bent into right angle, and a part for conductor 30 is fixed on 36 li, dielectric pad, and a part points to reflecting plate 37 in addition, therefore, conductor 30 act as the conductor 10 and 12 in Fig. 4.Second embodiment of the application that Fig. 5 shows has identical advantage with the first embodiment, but this scheme is applicable to extensive manufacture, and manufacturing cost is lower, can bear larger power.
What Fig. 6 showed is the another kind of metal embodiment of the application's patent, and radiation appliance comprises folded dipole 45a, 45b, 45c and 45d, their rounded structures, is cast as a circular metal entirety by casting die.Top conductor 43 is supported on the top of radiation appliance by insulating supporting post 42, conductor 40 is supported between adjacent folded dipole end by dielectric pad 41, each conductor 40 is bent into right angle, a part for conductor 40 is fixed on 41 li, dielectric pad, a part points to reflecting plate 44 in addition, therefore, conductor 40 act as the conductor 10 and 12 in Fig. 4.The embodiment of the application that Fig. 6 shows has identical advantage with the embodiment that Fig. 5 shows.
According to the design philosophy of the application, a kind of 1710-2200MHz of being operated in ± 45 ° of dual polarized antenna samples are devised, the height of oscillator and reflecting plate is about 20mm, the size of reflecting plate is 120*120mm, through matching test, the horizontal plane half power lobe width of this antenna is 60-68 °, and standing-wave ratio VSWR is better than 1.20; And then, comprise five such radiating elements ± electricity of 45 ° of polarization adjust array antennas to be designed out, the sectional dimension of this electrical tilt antenna is only 120*45mm, in 1710-2200MHz frequency range, this electricity adjusts the front and back of array antenna to be better than 28dB than change, cross polarization ratio is better than 27dB, its cross polarization ratio is in a main direction better than 25dB, and be better than 10dB at the cross polarization ratio of ± 60 ° of edges of regions, standing-wave ratio VSWR is better than 1.25.
In sum, this application provides a kind of design of antenna for base station of miniaturization, the miniaturized antenna for base station of this design has identical technical indicator with traditional large-size antennae.Such as, and this technology can apply in the sky line development of other any frequency ranges and go, and reduces the physical size of antenna, uses 690-960MHz, the electricity such as 1710-2710MHz is adjusted in array antenna and is reduced its physical size.Therefore, below be only one of several preferred embodiments of the application, not the technical scope of the application is imposed any restrictions, the technical staff of the industry, under the inspiration of the technical program, some distortion and amendment can be made, every technical spirit according to the application above embodiment is done any amendment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme.