CN203946235U - A kind of low-resistance boat hull structure - Google Patents
A kind of low-resistance boat hull structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN203946235U CN203946235U CN201420163524.8U CN201420163524U CN203946235U CN 203946235 U CN203946235 U CN 203946235U CN 201420163524 U CN201420163524 U CN 201420163524U CN 203946235 U CN203946235 U CN 203946235U
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/30—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation in transportation, e.g. on roads, waterways or railways
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of low-resistance boat hull structure, this hydrofoil comprises hydrofoil plate and hydrofoil pillar, hydrofoil plate is fixedly mounted on naval vessels below by hydrofoil pillar, and the outside face of hydrofoil plate is provided with the drag reduction structure being made up of rough strip, pit or texture structure.The low-resistance boat hull structure of hydrofoil plate of this drag reduction structure is installed in the time of underwater exercise, has possessed higher 1ift-drag ratio and higher delivery energy efficiency, in improving the low-resistance boat hull structure speed of a ship or plane, reached the beneficial effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to marine equipment, more particularly, relates to a kind of low-resistance boat hull structure with improvement hydrofoil.
Background technology
Low-resistance boat hull structure is the vehicle in the water that can carry out navigating by water at a high speed.Support is equipped with in the bottom of hull, and support below is provided with hydrofoil plate, and hydrofoil plate is immersed in water wholly or in part.According to hydromechanical principle, the position that flow velocity is larger, pressure is less.In the time that boats and ships navigate by water in water, water is for hydrofoil plate rapid flow, and the water velocity of its upper surface of process is large, the water velocity of lower surface is little, and the upper and lower surface of hydrofoil plate has just formed pressure difference like this, when pressure difference is by force to a certain extent time, hull will be elevated, and even exceeds the water surface.The volume that hull is immersed in water reduces, and the resistance of suffered water is also corresponding significantly to be reduced, and like this, under identical propulsive force, the boats and ships that hydrofoil has been installed can reach higher speed.High speed naval vessels technology with other is compared, and the major advantage of low-resistance boat hull structure (being mainly entirely to soak type) is under comparatively severe sea condition, to navigate by water, and the mountain peak of hull is winnowed with a dustpan less.And the wave making producing while navigating by water is at a high speed comparatively few, lower on the impact on bank.
Due to the requirement of energy-saving and emission-reduction now, whole shipping community and shipbuilding circles have reached new height for the requirement of energy consumption index.The resistance that how to reduce navigation for shipbuilding is also a direction much studying institutional research always, and the reducing of ship resistance can be issued to speed faster at rating horsepower, reaches the object of energy-saving and emission-reduction.Although installation hydrofoil can effectively improve the route speed of boats and ships, still has at present many problems to have to be solved.Such as hydrofoil is when the underwater exercise, upper lower aerofoil all contacts with water.In the time that water flows through hydrofoil, due to the viscosity of water itself, can form a boundary 1ayer on hydrofoil surface.Boundary 1ayer is a thin layer, and it exists the flow region of very large velocity gradient and curl near hydrofoil surface along hydrofoil surface normal direction.Viscous stress is resistance to the water body of boundary 1ayer, so along with water body flows backward along object plane, the water body in boundary 1ayer can slow down gradually, supercharging.Due to the continuity of water body flow, boundary 1ayer can flow through more low speed water body by thickening within one time.Therefore in boundary 1ayer, exist adverse pressure gradient, be flowing under adverse pressure gradient effect, can further slow down, the kinetic energy of the water body in last whole boundary 1ayer be all not enough to permanent maintain to flow carry out downstream always, so that can be contrary with the velocity reversal of potential barrier in its speed of body surface somewhere, produce adverse current.This adverse current can be squeezed boundary 1ayer in potential barrier, causes the unexpected thickening of boundary 1ayer or separation.Separation of boundary layer can make resistance rise, and particularly because the pressure difference of position water body before and after hydrofoil rises, makes pressure drag become large.Resistance rises and will cause that speed declines, and does not have the effect that hydrofoil should play.
In addition, hydrofoil and incoming flow have certain angle of attack, and wing section has camber, thereby produce lift.The kinematic velocity of hydrofoil improves constantly, negative pressure on aerofoil just constantly declines, in the time that negative pressure is brought down below the saturated steam pressure of water at temperature at that time, there is bubble in the water on local aerofoil, in the time that bubble arrives higher-pressure region with water movement, bubble is received to push to shrink and is even crumbled and fall, and is accompanied by the Emergence and Development of bubble and the cyclic process of crumbling and fall, and is the process of cavitation.Cavitation is a kind of very harmful phenomenon, the consequences such as its meeting precocity physical disturbance, increase noise, and can cause that resistance increases and lift is unstable, even cause disaster accident.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide the low-resistance boat hull structure that a kind of performance is more excellent, this low-resistance boat hull structure has been equipped the hydrofoil of low resistance, equip the low-resistance boat hull structure of low resistance hydrofoil, friction drag and viscous resistance suffered in water reduce, there is higher delivery energy efficiency, in improving the speed of a ship or plane, reach the beneficial effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Correspondingly, the utility model is not providing a kind of low-resistance boat hull structure to solve the problems of the technologies described above in the restrictive embodiment of tool, it comprises hull and at least one hydrofoil, hydrofoil comprises hydrofoil plate and hydrofoil pillar, hydrofoil plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end of hydrofoil pillar, the upper end of hydrofoil pillar is fixedly mounted on the hull below of naval vessels, the outside face of hydrofoil plate is provided with drag reduction structure, the wing section (cross section of working direction while being parallel to hydrofoil motion) of hydrofoil plate is airfoil or arc or crescent, drag reduction structure can be the rough strip that is distributed in hydrofoil plate surface, rough strip can be continuous whole piece, also can be interrupted several, multi-disc rough strip can be laterally or parallel longitudinal distributes or title array format regular distribution, also can be to be randomly dispersed within on the outside face of hydrofoil plate, show that according to test rough strip is at 10%～30% chord length place being positioned at apart from hydrofoil plate leading edge, its width is 5%～20% chord length, highly can get good utility model effect for 0.05mm～0.2mm.In fact hydrofoil can be two or more, is arranged on as required bow, mid-ship or hull rear portion.
Except rough strip, drag reduction structure can also adopt the crisscross latticed texture structure that is arranged on hydrofoil plate surface.Texture structure can be that linear pattern can be also shaped form, or random lines shape, and texture structure can be horizontal, parallel longitudinal distribution in the distribution on hydrofoil plate surface, can be to be also distributed in disorderly on the outside face of hydrofoil plate.
In numerous embodiment of the present utility model, as optimization selection, drag reduction structure should adopt the bowl configurations that is distributed in hydrofoil plate surface.The quantity of pit can be one, can be also multiple.These pits be shaped as one or more the combination in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit and irregularly shaped pit.When multiple pit, pit can be following several at the arrangement mode of the outside face of hydrofoil plate: align in length and breadth arrangement, criss-cross arrangement, irregular alignment.The depth range of pit can be obtained more satisfactory drag-reduction effect in the time of 10mm～40mm.Pit can be selected at the area occupation ratio on hydrofoil plate surface in 5%～60% scope.
Except above-mentioned improvement, hydrofoil plate also can be made comformability improvement to a certain degree at the cross section profile perpendicular in hull working direction, such as the shape of this cross section profile can be in-line, V-arrangement, inverted V-shaped, with the one in horizontal sides inverted V-shaped, the trapezoidal and shallow V-arrangement of ladder.
In addition, can also do further improvement to hull, such as such design: be parallel on the vertical cross-section of hull working direction, the bow of described hull adopts catamaran planing craft linear to ship hull to the rear, hull bottom rear promotes in hull place to the rear entirety step; On the vertical cross-section perpendicular to hull working direction, the angle angle of the hull bottom side line from bow to stern increases gradually; To be transitioned into level linear again by be transitioned into circular arc with the isosceles trapezoid of fillet for the shape of binary gap on the vertical cross-section perpendicular to hull working direction.This hull can have the hull advantage of glider concurrently, in the time that hull advances at utmost speed, further reduces resistance, improves the speed of a ship or plane.
Boundary 1ayer when hydrofoil moves in water body, according to the Reynolds number difference of local flow field, the fluid in boundary 1ayer can be divided into laminar flow or turbulent flow.Laminar flow normally in the boundary 1ayer on smooth hydrofoil plate surface, and current in the boundary 1ayer of rough hydrofoil plate are turbulent flows.The boundary 1ayer of turbulent flow is subject to the impact of adverse pressure gradient less, so after the separation point of the boundary 1ayer on rough hydrofoil plate surface leans on relatively, its viscosity drag on the contrary more smooth hydrofoil plate is lower, pressure drag can significantly reduce especially.
This external hydrofoil plate surface arranges drag reduction structure, can increase the smooth turbulent flow on hydrofoil plate surface, makes turning point in advance, significantly promotes the fluid field pressure on hydrofoil plate surface, and delay cavitation and occur, and less on the lift impact of hydrofoil.
Equipped the low-resistance boat hull structure of this hydrofoil, its overall suffered resistance is less, and route speed and stability are all better than common ship.
Compared with prior art, usefulness of the present utility model is:
1. can effectively postpone boundary separation point, reduce resistance, under normal circumstances, when hydrofoil boat navigation, reynolds number Re can reach more than 105, be far longer than the requirement of the Re=60 that separation of boundary layer occurs, so in the time that low-resistance boat hull structure is normally navigated by water, the separation phenomenon of boundary 1ayer can occur, and drag reduction structure on hydrofoil can play the effect of postponing separation of boundary layer point, reduce the viscosity drag on hydrofoil, the energy consumption while having reduced the navigation of low-resistance boat hull structure;
2. significantly promote the fluid field pressure on hydrofoil plate surface, delaying cavitation occurs, effectively reduce that physical disturbance, resistance increase, lift is unstable and the adverse consequences such as noise increase, the stability while increasing the navigation of low-resistance boat hull structure, ensures the safety of low-resistance boat hull structure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of specific embodiment one;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation with pit hydrofoil;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation with rough strip hydrofoil;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of belt surface texture hydrofoil;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation (ignoring hull topside) of specific embodiment two;
Fig. 6 is the fore-body section of outline figure (ignoring hull topside) of specific embodiment two;
Fig. 7 is the afterbody section of outline figure (ignoring hull topside) of specific embodiment two;
Fig. 8 is V-arrangement hydrofoil structural representation;
Fig. 9 is T shape hydrofoil structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described further according to this utility model of specific embodiments and the drawings below.
Low-resistance boat hull structure as shown in Figure 1, comprise hull 3 and two in-line hydrofoils that are separately positioned on hull front and rear, the structure of hydrofoil as shown in Figure 2, comprise hydrofoil pillar 1 and hydrofoil plate 2, the wing section of hydrofoil plate 2 is shaped as airfoil type, and the span of hydrofoil plate is 15m, and chord length is 3m, on the surface of hydrofoil plate 2, circular pit 3 is being arranged in alignment in length and breadth.The degree of depth of these pits 3 is 30mm, and pit 3 is 50% at the area occupation ratio on hydrofoil plate 2 surfaces.
Due to traditional habit, it is believed that more smooth surperficial friction drag is less, and good material is as better in the effect meeting of the anti-cavitations such as titanium alloy material, therefore traditional R&D direction focuses mostly on and is reducing by the profile of improving hydrofoil the resistance that it is subject to, adopt better material to resist cavitation effect, but effect or undesirable, or improve the cost of manufacture of hydrofoil.Contriver of the present utility model has overcome traditional technology prejudice---and-coarse surface can increase friction drag, drag reduction structure will be provided with on the surface of hydrofoil plate 2, produce turbulent boundary 1ayer, postpone boundary separation point, shift to an earlier date turning point, no matter reduced aspect the resistance that hydrofoil is subject to, still reduced the harm aspect of cavitation, all obtain good effect, and in experiment, obtained confirmation.
Under the condition of fixing speed of a ship or plane V=20m/s, to the smooth hydrofoil of hydrofoil provided by the utility model and same size and profile suffered lift (L under the different angles of attack, unit: newton), resistance (R, unit: newton), 1ift-drag ratio (K) tests, and can obtain following experimental result:
Lift (L), resistance (R), 1ift-drag ratio (K) observed data of the smooth hydrofoil of table 1-1 tradition
| The angle of attack | L(N) | R(N) | K |
| 0 | 2826.194392 | 7222.073574 | 0.39133 |
| 3 | 45115.42233 | 8589.438942 | 5.25243 |
| 5 | 76782.85787 | 8668.696498 | 8.85749 |
| 6 | 93015.70574 | 8687.20853 | 10.99839 |
| 7 | 109047.414 | 8770.476949 | 12.43346 |
| 8 | 125011.2142 | 8815.957461 | 14.18011 |
Lift (L), resistance (R), 1ift-drag ratio (K) observed data of table 1-2 the utility model hydrofoil
| The angle of attack | L(N) | R(N) | K |
| 0 | 2228.87036 | 5574.07128 | 0.39986 |
| 3 | 45164.70515 | 6815.78273 | 6.62648 |
| 5 | 76742.92862 | 6964.77417 | 11.0187 |
| 6 | 92942.20538 | 6979.53639 | 13.3163 |
| 7 | 109126.79475 | 7006.83628 | 15.5743 |
| 8 | 120997.89375 | 7048.74047 | 17.1658 |
From table 1-1, the pit 3 on hydrofoil plate 2 surfaces does not almost exert an influence to the lift of hydrofoil, but the suffered resistance of hydrofoil but obviously reduces.Again resistance suffered hydrofoil and 1ift-drag ratio are studied separately.Along with the change of the angle of attack is large, all corresponding increases of resistance that this specific embodiment and traditional smooth hydrofoil are suffered, but the suffered resistance of traditional smooth hydrofoil is larger than this specific embodiment all the time.And the 1ift-drag ratio of this specific embodiment is larger than traditional smooth surface hydrofoil all the time, be more conducive to install the navigation of low-resistance boat hull structure described in the utility model.
Under the fixing angle of attack (6 °) condition, change the beneficial effects of the utility model fluid velocity (the simulation speed of a ship or plane) and carry out further simulated experiment in order further to verify.Can obtain following observed data:
Lift, resistance and the 1ift-drag ratio of the smooth hydrofoil of table 1-3 tradition are with fluid velocity delta data
| Speed (m/s) | L(N) | R(N) | K |
| 15 | 52449.514 | 3088.6234 | 16.98151 |
| 20 | 93015.705 | 8687.2085 | 10.99839 |
| 22.5 | 118261.114 | 5066.2598 | 23.34288 |
| 25 | 121008.691 | 7220.4245 | 16.75922 |
Lift, resistance and the 1ift-drag ratio of table 1-4 the utility model hydrofoil are with fluid velocity delta data
| Speed (m/s) | L(N) | R(N) | K |
| 15 | 51145.983 | 2447.5882 | 20.8108 |
| 20 | 92942.20538 | 6979.53639 | 13.3163 |
| 22.5 | 116806.026 | 4153.461 | 28.31453 |
| 25 | 120510.251 | 4782.5431 | 25.19793 |
Known in conjunction with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, fluid velocity approaches the route speed of hydrofoil boat routine at 15～25m/s() in scope, the overall 1ift-drag ratio of hydrofoil of the present utility model is all greater than the 1ift-drag ratio of conventional smooth hydrofoil.
Therefore can reach a conclusion, the utility model is significantly improved the overall 1ift-drag ratio of hydrofoil, optimize the performance of hydrofoil plate, obtain expected effect, can very effectively reduce the suffered resistance of hull, under identical thrust, improve the route speed of hull, or save energy consumption under identical speed.
In this specific embodiment, the degree of depth of pit 3 can be selected within the scope of 10～40mm, gets respectively pit depth and be 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm test, and all can obtain the technique effect of desirable raising 1ift-drag ratio.
In addition, the shape of pit 3 also can adopt one or more the group form in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit and irregularly shaped pit, can adopt rule or irregular alignment, all can obtain the technique effect of desirable raising 1ift-drag ratio.
Pit, is got 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% and is tested at the area occupation ratio on hydrofoil plate surface between 5%～60%, and effect is all very good.
Except pit, hydrofoil plate surface can also be rough strip 4(as shown in Figure 3) and texture structure 6(as shown in Figure 4) carry out roughening processing, also can these several forms mix use, owing to mixing, application is comparatively simple, those skilled in the art can be combined with easily, just provides no longer one by one legend.
Except in-line, this hydrofoil plate can be V-arrangement (as shown in Figure 8), inverted V-shaped in the shape of the profile in the cross section perpendicular to hull working direction, the one in band horizontal sides inverted V-shaped, trapezoidal (as shown in Figure 9) and the shallow V-arrangement of ladder.
The structural representation of specific embodiment two as shown in Figs. 5 to 7, the difference of itself and specific embodiment one is only that the structure of hull 1 is different, be embodied in: be parallel on the vertical cross-section of hull working direction, the bow of described hull adopts catamaran planing craft linear to ship hull to the rear, and hull bottom rear promotes in hull place to the rear entirety step; On the vertical cross-section perpendicular to hull working direction, the angle angle of the hull bottom side line 31 from bow to stern increases gradually until approach 180 °; To be transitioned into level linear again by be transitioned into circular arc with the isosceles trapezoid of fillet for the shape of binary gap 32 on the vertical cross-section perpendicular to hull working direction.This hull can have the hull advantage of glider concurrently, in the time that hull advances at utmost speed, further reduces resistance, improves the speed of a ship or plane.
Various roughening processing modes and hydrofoil plate shape to hydrofoil surface in specific embodiment one are also applicable to specific embodiment two.
Above embodiment is for understanding the utility model; not to restriction of the present utility model; about the those of ordinary skill in field; on the basis of technical scheme described in claim; can also make multiple variation or moulding; such as the various drag reduction structures of above-mentioned specific embodiment can be regularly arranged shown in specific embodiment; also can be irregular alignment; it can also be multiple drag reduction textural association; for example pit and rough strip, pit and texture structure etc., these variations or modification should be understood to still belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a low-resistance boat hull structure, comprise hull and at least one hydrofoil, hydrofoil comprises hydrofoil pillar and hydrofoil plate, hydrofoil plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end of hydrofoil pillar, the upper end of hydrofoil pillar is fixedly mounted on hull below, it is characterized in that: the outside face of described hydrofoil plate is provided with drag reduction structure, described drag reduction structure is one or more combinations in rough strip, texture structure or the pit that is distributed in hydrofoil plate surface, and the minimum number of described rough strip, texture structure or pit is one.
2. low-resistance boat hull structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pit is one or more combinations in circular pit, oblong pits, polygon pit and irregularly shaped pit, and the degree of depth of described pit is 10mm～40mm.
3. low-resistance boat hull structure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity of described pit has multiple, and in the outside face of the hydrofoil plate proper alignment of aliging in length and breadth, or in the outside face criss-cross arrangement of hydrofoil plate, or in the outside face irregular alignment of hydrofoil plate.
4. low-resistance boat hull structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the area occupation ratio of described pit is 5%～20%.
5. low-resistance boat hull structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cross section outline that is parallel to naval vessels working direction of described hydrofoil plate is airfoil type, described rough strip is positioned at 10%～30% chord length place apart from hydrofoil plate leading edge, the width of rough strip is 5%～20% chord length, height 0.05mm～0.2mm.
6. low-resistance boat hull structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described texture structure is crisscross latticed texture structure, is distributed in the surface of described hydrofoil plate.
7. according to the low-resistance boat hull structure described in claim 1 to 6 any one, it is characterized in that: described hydrofoil has two, be separately positioned on hull front and rear.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201420163524.8U CN203946235U (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2014-04-04 | A kind of low-resistance boat hull structure |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103910024A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-09 | 浙江海洋学院 | Hydrofoil ship |
| CN104527957A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 上海交通大学 | Ship water spray T-shaped hydro-flap |
| CN111994245A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-27 | 王晓明 | Sea surface low-resistance high-speed running system |
-
2014
- 2014-04-04 CN CN201420163524.8U patent/CN203946235U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103910024A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-07-09 | 浙江海洋学院 | Hydrofoil ship |
| CN104527957A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 上海交通大学 | Ship water spray T-shaped hydro-flap |
| CN111994245A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-27 | 王晓明 | Sea surface low-resistance high-speed running system |
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