CN203922873U - A kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system - Google Patents
A kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN203922873U CN203922873U CN201420305115.7U CN201420305115U CN203922873U CN 203922873 U CN203922873 U CN 203922873U CN 201420305115 U CN201420305115 U CN 201420305115U CN 203922873 U CN203922873 U CN 203922873U
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system, this system comprises concentrated case and tube type filter membrance treatment unit two parts, and described tube type filter membrance treatment unit comprises recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve, rinses pneumavalve, tube type filter membrance element and film frame, back washing device, product water pneumavalve and chemically-cleaning device.Concentrated case is connected with recycle pump by pipeline; Recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element are connected successively, and tube type filter membrance element is arranged on film frame.In the alternative conventional process flow of native system, configure the equipment such as settling tank, more medium filter, carbon filter and ultrafiltration, without preposition filtration, without adding coagulant aids (PAM etc.), reduce floor space, shorten treatment scheme, saved equipment investment and system moving funds.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to water-treatment technology field, particularly a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system.
Background technology
Solid-liquid separation technique in wastewater processing technology is widely used in the water pollution control process of industry-by-industry, and coagulation, second-stage treatment and the tertiary treatment of waste water all relate to solid-liquid separation.The solid-liquid separation technique of tradition waste water treatment technique mainly concentrates on the aspects such as gravity settling, flotation, press filtration and filtration.Gravity settling mainly refers to the process section such as sand setting and precipitation, is applicable to precipitate density larger than water-mass density, easily because action of gravity is to the solid-liquid separation of the pollutent sinking; Flotation mainly refers to air-float technology, for the treatment of existing proportion to be less than the pollutents such as 1 suspended substance, oils and fat in water; Press filtration generally refers to and is applied to the muddy water that sludge concentration is higher, otherwise it is large to process load, is not suitable for processing waste water; The filtration process of sewage solid-liquid separation mainly refers to more medium filter, carbon filter and ultrafiltration etc.But in above wastewater treatment, mentioned solid-liquid separation process or device exist and take up an area that space is large, fund input is many, level of automation is low, the unsettled shortcoming of outlet effect.
Along with global ecological environment goes from bad to worse, environmental issue is more and more subject to people and payes attention to, but the contradiction of the land resources of growing tension and water resources problems is also outstanding gradually, so, in wastewater treatment process, the treatment process of high treatment efficiency, low floor space becomes scientific and technical personnel's research direction, and has poured into a lot of painstaking effort and gone to research and develop new isolation technique.Market also to high efficiency solid-liquid isolation technique proposed new demand.Therefore, be necessary that developing a kind of efficiently direct solid-liquid separation content has the Waste Water Treatment of mud granule waste water, require to have the advantages such as flow process is few, level of automation is high, the matting cycle is long, membrane lifetime is long, it is little to take up room, the work-ing life of prolongation back segment treatment system.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of efficient directly solid-liquid separation content to have the Waste Water Treatment of mud granule waste water, has solved and in existing conventional process flow, has configured that the floor space of the plurality of devices such as settling tank, more medium filter, carbon filter and ultrafiltration is large, long flow path, the many problems of fund input.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts:
A kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system, this system comprises concentrated case and tube type filter membrance treatment unit two parts, and described tube type filter membrance treatment unit comprises recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve, rinses pneumavalve, tube type filter membrance element and film frame, back washing device, product water pneumavalve and chemically-cleaning device.Concentrated case is connected with recycle pump by pipeline; Recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element are connected successively, and tube type filter membrance element is arranged on film frame.Tube type filter membrance element has a water-in and two-way outlet, and two-way outlet is respectively product water outlet and dense water out.Back washing device is arranged on product water pipeline, and chemically-cleaning device is positioned at tube type filter membrance element below and is connected with suction culvert.Waste water in concentrated case is promoted and is entered basket filter by recycle pump, then tube type filter membrance element filters on film frame is carried out solid-liquid separation.In the alternative conventional process flow of native system, configure the equipment such as settling tank, more medium filter, carbon filter and ultrafiltration, without preposition filtration, without adding coagulant aids (PAM etc.), reduce floor space, shorten treatment scheme, saved equipment investment and system moving funds.
Described tube type filter membrance element putamina is selected PVC material, and film core material is selected PTFE, and membrane pore size is 0.1 μ m.PVC putamina is tough and tensile not oxidizable, has high-strength erosion resistance.PTFE film adopts special process manufacture, and film surfacing is smooth, microporosity is high, can normally operation under the surge pressure of 4.5Mpa, there will not be that filter membrane breaks, particle penetration phenomenon, and durable in use; Can bear immersion and the cleaning of acid, alkali, SYNTHETIC OPTICAL WHITNER and oxygenant, after cleaning, flux energy 100% recovers, without periodic replacement.
Back flushing magnetic valve on flushing pneumavalve on water inlet pneumavalve on suction culvert, water inlet flushing pipeline, product water pneumavalve and the backwash gas source capsule road on product water pipeline is Self controlling valve, for realizing that Auto Power On rinses and pipeline when automatic backwash switches.
Described recycle pump is selected open type Non-blinding pump, can suction contain macrobead solid and macrofiber impurity waste water.Sludge pump is selected nonmetal pneumatic diaphragm pump, can process the material that abradability is very strong, has self-suction function, and sky is taken out Shi Buhui pump is caused to damage.
As preferably, concentrated case is taper water tank, and water tank upper is established two water-ins, and one is water intake, and one is the dense water water-in that tube type filter membrance treatment unit constantly refluxes; On tapering, concentrated case side, edge is provided with pump inlet; Concentrated case bottom is provided with total sewage draining exit, can disposable emptying when mud within needs are got rid of case, and noresidue, easy cleaning.
As preferably, concentrate case bottom total mouthful of blowdown is set, the total mouth of blowdown divides two branch roads, and a road is mud discharging mouth, and a road is sewage draining exit, and mud discharging mouth pipeline is connected with sludge pump; The side of concentrated case is connected with recycle pump by pipeline, on the import of recycle pump and the tapering of concentrated case, joins along place.
As preferably, on described dense water lines and product water pipeline, vacuum breaking device is installed, vacuum breaking device can automatically be eliminated vacuum in pipeline, effectively prevent that siphon from flowing backwards.On the dense water lines of tube type filter membrance treatment unit and product water pipeline because of system operation or stop producing negative pressure or when vacuum progressively raises; vacuum breaking device can be opened automatically; destroy vacuum effect, make flat, the recessed phenomenon such as split of the unlikely generation of pipeline and miscellaneous equipment, to protect the safety of equipment.
As preferably, described back washing device comprises back flushing post, back flushing magnetic valve and the backwash gas source capsule road for storing product water.Back flushing post is connected on product water pipeline, pipeline after back flushing post is divided into two branch roads, article one, branch road is product water pipeline, product water pneumavalve, water intake valve, flow are installed on product water pipeline successively and take into account tensimeter, another branch road is backwash gas source capsule road, and backwash gas source capsule is provided with back flushing magnetic valve on road.Back flushing post is one section of standpipe that produces water side, when system operation, product water passes through from standpipe, in the time of needs back flushing, system is out of service, close product water rising pipe, open backwash gas source capsule road, by being stored in product water in back flushing post from the product water side pressure of tube type filter membrance element to dense water side, play the effect of back flushing with the pressurized air of 0.2-0.3MPa.
As preferably, chemically-cleaning device comprises four cleaning water tanks and a scavenging pump, and four cleaning water tanks are respectively acid solution cleaning case, alkaline solution cleaning case, chlorine bleach liquor's cleaning case and city water tank.The import of scavenging pump is connected with each cleaning water tank respectively, and scavenging pump outlet is connected with flushing pneumavalve, and the opposite side of this flushing pneumavalve is connected on the pipeline between water pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element.
Each tensimeter of installing before and after described basket filter, judges by front and back pressure difference whether basket filter needs to clean.When cleaning, the supervisor bottom plug screw of outwarding winding, emptying fluid, dismounting blind flange, reloads after cleaning.
The operation of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system is by PLC procedure auto-control, one key starts, system has also configured Self controlling valve, regulator, water-quantity regulating device, vacuum breaking device, every operation 20-40 minute, utilize pressurized air and membrane element of backwash post automatic backflushing, to recover film surface water permeability.In the time that product water flux drops to the cleaning value of setting, just need to clean tube type filter membrance treatment unit, add acid medicine and remove the dirts such as hardness for metal of film surface accumulation, add basic agent and remove silicon and partial organic substances, add clorox medicament and can remove organism etc.
Cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system of the present utility model, waste water after pH regulator and coagulating mixes in concentrated case with the dense water constantly refluxing from tube type filter membrance treatment unit, and add a certain amount of active carbon powder come absorbed portion organism reduce COD, in the time that system is moved, activated carbon particle enters in tube type filter membrance element, clean with dirt and the mud on film surface, play the object of cleaning film.Muddy water mixed solution in concentrated case is promoted and is entered tube type filter membrance treatment unit by recycle pump.First entering filtering accuracy is larger foreign material and the lump of 20 object basket filter elimination, and filtrate enters membrane element afterwards.Tube type filter membrance is under the ordering about of pressure and speed, makes suspended solid material and liquid separation by porous-film, and filter type is cross flow filter.In membrane element, the flow velocity that mud mixture is pumped logical filmed passing tube through pump is very high, with the parallel turbulent flow in film surface, produces a shearing action, and the amount of solid being deposited on film is minimized.Clear water after filtering is called product water and sends into collecting tank by product water pipeline.Residual be called dense water, comprise suspended solid material and flow back in concentration basin.Constantly circulate thus, until the mud solid content in concentrated case reaches 3%-5%, now start by sludge pump drain mud, then restarting systems in partial concentration case.
Cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system of the present utility model is for removing the solid particulate that the other industry waste water diameters such as plating, printed circuit board (PCB), battery, metal finishing are greater than 0.1 micron, can utilize himself clear water after treatment to carry out back flushing to microfiltration membrane element, there is the advantages such as flow process is few, level of automation is high, the matting cycle is long, membrane lifetime is long, it is little to take up room, extend back segment treatment system work-ing life.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is annexation schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is plan structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
Reference numeral:
1-water intake; 2-dense water water-in; 3-access hole; 4-concentrated case; Total mouthful of 5-blowdown; 6-recycle pump; 7-sludge pump; 8-tensimeter; 9-basket filter; 10-water inlet pneumavalve; 11-suction culvert; 12-tube type filter membrance element; 13-vacuum breaking device; 14-product water pipeline; 15-back flushing post; 16-back flushing magnetic valve; 17-product water pneumavalve; 18-under meter; 19-backwash gas source capsule road; 20-water intake valve; 21-dense water lines; 22-cleaning water inlet pipe; 23-flushing pneumavalve; 24-scavenging pump; 25-acid solution cleaning case; 26-alkaline solution cleaning case; 27-chlorine bleach liquor cleaning case; 28-city water tank.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that enforcement of the present utility model is not limited to the following examples, any pro forma accommodation that the utility model is made and/or change all will fall into the utility model protection domain.
Embodiment:
A kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system, Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3 is structural representation of the present utility model, this system comprises concentrated case 4 and tube type filter membrance treatment unit two parts.
Concentrated case is taper water tank, and water tank upper is established two water-ins, and one is that 1, one of water intake after pH regulator and coagulating is the dense water water-in 2 that tube type filter membrance treatment unit constantly refluxes; Concentrated case bottom arranges total mouthful 5 of blowdown, total mouthful of point two branch roads of blowdown, and a road is mud discharging mouth, and a road is sewage draining exit, and mud discharging mouth pipeline is connected with sludge pump 7; Be located at the top of concentrated case at the access hole 3(of concentrated case) locate to add active carbon powder, on concentrated case limit, one service platform is installed, be convenient to patrol officer and observe waste water situation in dense water tank.
Described tube type filter membrance treatment unit comprises recycle pump 6, basket filter 9, tube type filter membrance element 12 and film frame, back washing device and chemically-cleaning device.The side of concentrated case is connected with recycle pump 5 by pipeline; Recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element are connected successively, and tube type filter membrance element is arranged on film frame.Before and after recycle pump, respectively have a valve, vacuum breaker is installed after pump, the waste water refluence impact pump housing while preventing from shutting down in membrane element and pipeline causes the damage of pump; Recycle pump rising pipe is connected with the water-in of basket filter 9, and tensimeter 8 is equipped with in the front and back of basket filter 9, and tensimeter 8 is oiling shockproof pressure gage; The outlet of basket filter is connected with 11 imports of tube type filter membrance element, and water inlet pneumavalve 10 is arranged between basket filter and tube type filter membrance element.Tube type filter membrance element has a water-in 11 and two-way outlet, and outlet is respectively product water pipeline 14 and dense water lines 21, and back washing device is arranged on product water pipeline, and chemically-cleaning device is positioned at tube type filter membrance element below and is connected with suction culvert.
Back washing device comprises back flushing post 15, back flushing magnetic valve 17 and the backwash gas source capsule road 19 for storing product water.Back flushing post 15 is connected on product water pipeline 14, and the pipeline after back flushing post 15 is divided into two branch roads, and a branch road is product water rising pipe, and product water pneumavalve 17, under meter 18, tensimeter and water intake valve 20 are installed on product water pipeline successively; Another branch road is backwash gas source capsule road 19, and backwash gas source capsule is provided with back flushing magnetic valve 16 on road.
On suction culvert 11, dense water lines 21 and the product water pipeline 14 of tube type filter membrance element, tensimeter is all installed, can judges the pollution level of membrane element and when need matting from the pressure reduction showing.
Chemically-cleaning device comprises that four cleaning water tanks and 24, four cleaning water tanks of a scavenging pump are respectively acid solution cleaning case 25, alkaline solution cleaning case 26, chlorine bleach liquor's cleaning case 27 and city water tank 28.Valve is all equipped with in the outlet of each cleaning water tank, cleans in water tank and takes out cleaning solution to control from which.The import of scavenging pump 24 is connected with each cleaning water tank respectively, scavenging pump outlet is connected with flushing pneumavalve 23, the opposite side of this flushing pneumavalve is connected on the pipeline between water pneumavalve 10 and tube type filter membrance element 12, can realize start and rinse and matting.
The specific works process of this device is, waste water after pH regulator and coagulating with the dense water constantly refluxing from tube type filter membrance treatment unit in concentrated interior mixing of case 4, and add a certain amount of active carbon powder come absorbed portion organism reduce COD, in the time that system is moved, activated carbon particle enters in tube type filter membrance element 12, clean with dirt and the mud on film surface, play the object of cleaning film.Muddy water mixed solution in concentrated case 4 is promoted and is entered tube type filter membrance treatment unit by recycle pump 6: first entering filtering accuracy is larger foreign material and the lump of 20 object basket filter 9 eliminations, and filtrate enters membrane element afterwards.Tube type filter membrance element 12 is under the ordering about of pressure and speed, makes suspended solid material and liquid separation by porous-film, and filter type is cross flow filter.In membrane element, the flow velocity that mud mixture is pumped logical filmed passing tube through pump is very high, with the parallel turbulent flow in film surface, produces a shearing action, and the amount of solid being deposited on film is minimized.Clear water after filtering is called product water and sends into collecting tank by product water pipeline.Residual be called dense water, comprise suspended solid material and flow back in concentrated case 4.Constantly circulate thus, until the mud solid content in concentrated case reaches 3%-5%, now start by sludge pump 6 drain mud, then restarting systems in partial concentration case.
The operation of system is by PLC procedure auto-control, one key starts: 1) start is rinsed for 3 minutes, closes into water pneumavalve 10, produces water pneumavalve 17, back flushing magnetic valve 16, opens and rinses pneumavalve 23, then open scavenging pump 24, with residual liquid in clean tap water displacement tube type filter membrance; 2) water running processed: open water inlet pneumavalve 10, produce water pneumavalve 17, close back flushing magnetic valve 16 and rinse pneumavalve 23, ON cycle pump 6 water processed, is transferred to designed water by water production rate by the under meter on water producing pipe road and flow control valve; 3) back flushing: every operation 20-40 minute, stop water processed, open back flushing magnetic valve 16, other Self controlling valve is closed, utilize the interior membrane element 12 of product water automatic backflushing of pressurized air 19 and back flushing post, to recover film surface water permeability, and then water running processed--back flushing, shut down to arriving; 4) shut down and rinse, rinse same operation with start; 5) holding state, shutdown is shut all Self controlling valves after having rinsed, and enters holding state.In the time that flux drops to the cleaning value of setting, just need the wash tube filter membrane component 12 that declines, add acid medicine and remove the dirts such as hardness for metal of film surface accumulation, add basic agent and remove silicon and partial organic substances, add clorox medicament and can remove organism etc.
The utility model is the Waste Water Treatment that a kind of efficient directly solid-liquid separation content has mud granule waste water, the floor space that solved plurality of devices such as configuring settling tank, more medium filter, carbon filter and ultrafiltration in existing conventional process flow is large, long flow path, the many problems of fund input, has the advantages such as flow process is few, level of automation is high, the matting cycle is long, membrane lifetime is long, it is little to take up room, extend back segment treatment system work-ing life.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to the technical solution of the utility model to be described, is not intended to limit; Although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement; And these amendments or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of the each embodiment technical scheme of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system, this system comprises concentrated case and tube type filter membrance treatment unit two parts, it is characterized in that: described tube type filter membrance treatment unit comprises recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve, rinses pneumavalve, tube type filter membrance element and film frame, back washing device, product water pneumavalve and chemically-cleaning device; Concentrated case is connected with recycle pump by pipeline, and recycle pump, basket filter, water inlet pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element are connected successively, and tube type filter membrance element is arranged on film frame; Tube type filter membrance element has a water-in and two-way outlet, and two-way outlet is respectively product water outlet and dense water out, and back washing device is arranged on product water pipeline, and chemically-cleaning device is positioned at tube type filter membrance element below and is connected with suction culvert.
2. a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: concentrated case is taper water tank, water tank upper is established two water-ins, and one is water intake, and one is the dense water water-in that tube type filter membrance treatment unit constantly refluxes; On tapering, concentrated case side, along being provided with pump inlet, bottom is provided with total mouthful of blowdown.
3. a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: concentrated case bottom arranges total mouthful of blowdown, total mouthful of point two branch roads of blowdown, a road is mud discharging mouth, one tunnel is sewage draining exit, and mud discharging mouth pipeline is connected with sludge pump; The side of concentrated case is connected with recycle pump by pipeline, on the import of recycle pump and the tapering of concentrated case, joins along place.
4. according to a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: on described dense water lines and product water pipeline, vacuum breaking device is installed.
5. a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described back washing device comprises back flushing post, back flushing magnetic valve and the backwash gas source capsule road for storing product water; Back flushing post is connected on product water pipeline, pipeline after back flushing post is divided into two branch roads, article one, branch road is product water pipeline, product water pneumavalve, water intake valve, flow are installed on product water pipeline successively and take into account tensimeter, another branch road is backwash gas source capsule road, and backwash gas source capsule is provided with back flushing magnetic valve on road.
6. a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: chemically-cleaning device comprises four cleaning water tanks and a scavenging pump, four cleaning water tanks are respectively acid solution cleaning case, alkaline solution cleaning case, chlorine bleach liquor's cleaning case and city water tank.
7. a kind of cross flow tube type micro-filtration solid-liquid separation system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the import of scavenging pump is connected with each cleaning water tank respectively, scavenging pump outlet is connected with flushing pneumavalve, and the opposite side of this flushing pneumavalve is connected on the pipeline between water pneumavalve and tube type filter membrance element.
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| CN108217842A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江南源环境工程技术有限公司 | A kind of device of the wet electric waste water of tubular type microfiltration systems processing |
| CN109133269A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 南京丹恒科技有限公司 | A kind of efficient back washing device applied to tubular type membranous system |
| CN110228877A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-13 | 广东沃杰森环保科技股份有限公司 | Automation integrated formula electric flocculation and micro-filtration film device |
| CN110304694A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-08 | 北京朗新明环保科技有限公司南京分公司 | A kind of novel slag moisture film treatment process and waste water reuse system |
| CN111875135A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-03 | 江苏圣富利环境工程有限公司 | Zero-discharge treatment process for electroplating wastewater |
| CN111874996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-03 | 江苏圣富利环境工程有限公司 | Tubular microfiltration membrane wastewater treatment process |
| CN112194290A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-01-08 | 广州中科建禹环保有限公司 | Physicochemical treatment system and method for cosmetic production waste liquid |
| CN113620454A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 无锡蓝湾资源再生科技有限公司 | Tubular microfiltration membrane treatment system for copper-containing wastewater |
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2014
- 2014-06-09 CN CN201420305115.7U patent/CN203922873U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| CN109133269A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-04 | 南京丹恒科技有限公司 | A kind of efficient back washing device applied to tubular type membranous system |
| CN108217842A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-06-29 | 浙江南源环境工程技术有限公司 | A kind of device of the wet electric waste water of tubular type microfiltration systems processing |
| CN110304694A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-08 | 北京朗新明环保科技有限公司南京分公司 | A kind of novel slag moisture film treatment process and waste water reuse system |
| CN110228877A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-09-13 | 广东沃杰森环保科技股份有限公司 | Automation integrated formula electric flocculation and micro-filtration film device |
| CN113620454A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 无锡蓝湾资源再生科技有限公司 | Tubular microfiltration membrane treatment system for copper-containing wastewater |
| CN112194290A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-01-08 | 广州中科建禹环保有限公司 | Physicochemical treatment system and method for cosmetic production waste liquid |
| CN111875135A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-03 | 江苏圣富利环境工程有限公司 | Zero-discharge treatment process for electroplating wastewater |
| CN111874996A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-11-03 | 江苏圣富利环境工程有限公司 | Tubular microfiltration membrane wastewater treatment process |
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