CN203904554U - Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device - Google Patents
Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN203904554U CN203904554U CN201420337892.XU CN201420337892U CN203904554U CN 203904554 U CN203904554 U CN 203904554U CN 201420337892 U CN201420337892 U CN 201420337892U CN 203904554 U CN203904554 U CN 203904554U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- centralizing pipe
- gathering
- collecting
- tube
- gather
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010047 integrated composite spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to an anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for a gathering tube of a negative-pressure gathering spinning device. The anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism comprises the gathering tube with a negative-pressure cavity, and collecting groove sheets, wherein the tube wall of the collecting tube is provided with at least one mounting groove hole which is communicated with the negative-pressure cavity and is used for mounting the collecting groove sheets, and at least one air suction hole for being connected with an air suction tube; the tube wall of the collecting tube is provided with connecting holes in both sides of the mounting groove hole; the collecting groove sheets are provided with collecting grooves for collecting fibers and guide blocks which are projected on both sides of the collecting grooves and are used for preventing a lattice apron from moving transversely; the guide blocks are provided with mounting holes; each collecting groove sheet is hermetically fixed in the mounting groove hole of a respective corresponding collecting tube; fixing parts pass through the mounting holes of the collecting groove sheets and are fixedly connected with the connecting holes of the collecting tube. By adopting the anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism, the wear resistance of the collecting tube can be enhanced, the service life of the collecting tube can be prolonged, the lattice apron is prevented from moving transversely during normal spinning, and the air flow loss is prevented.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe and undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, belongs to the pneumatic apparatus for collecting technical field of negative pressure of compact spinning machine.
Background technology
Compact spinning machine is for eliminating spinning triangular zone, in dominant draft downstream, increased the pneumatic apparatus for collecting of negative pressure of a fiber strip polymerization, pneumatic apparatus for collecting is mainly by centralizing pipe, grid ring, gather the formations such as roller and grid ring strainer, on the tube wall that gathers working face of centralizing pipe, have a plurality of air-flow guide grooves, the grid ring upper surface pore that gathers, a plurality of grid ring are corresponding being sleeved on each air-flow guide groove of centralizing pipe respectively, make the corresponding one fiber strand of each air-flow gathering sill, in centralizing pipe under negative-pressure air-flow effect, fiber strip is along with grid ring rotational conveyance is gathered simultaneously on air-flow guide groove, and effectively reduce spinning triangular zone, reach the powerful requirement that reduces Yarn filoplume and increase yarn.
Current centralizing pipe great majority adopt aluminium section bar to make, process through hardening oxidation on surface, so centralizing pipe case hardness is after treatment between HV400-HV460, but centralizing pipe surface hard oxidated layer thickness is between 0.04-0.08mm, make centralizing pipe surface treatment cost higher, afterwards make the cost of manufacture of centralizing pipe high, centralizing pipe service life is after treatment conventionally about 1-3.When normal spinning, especially gather meeting in grid ring rotation process and form local friction in the edges and corners of the small curvature radius that gathers working face of centralizing pipe, therefore after friction there is local hickie in this part hardening oxidation layer Fast Wearing of centralizing pipe, thereby make the gathering working face Fast Wearing of whole centralizing pipe and scrap, moreover because the hardening oxidation layer friction of grid ring and aluminium section bar can produce static, to spinning the spinning data of chemical fibre class, be disadvantageous.
For this reason, long for improving centralizing pipe ABRASION RESISTANCE and life-span, reduce costs, existing centralizing pipe is on surface, to convince head piece by patient analysis gathering, on it, be coated with the suspended hood that stainless steel thin slice is manufactured, and suspended hood is provided with and gathers groove, it is to rely on stainless steel thin slice to be connected on it that suspended hood is fixed on centralizing pipe, if suspended hood length has manufacturing tolerance easily to make the binding face of itself and centralizing pipe have gap, when normal spinning work, negative-pressure air-flow gathers groove integrated composite spinning fiber through suspended hood, but having the logical both sides from suspended hood of part negative-pressure air-flow reveals, cause energy loss.Moreover this structure makes the negative pressure cavity interior step of centralizing pipe more, inside is smooth not, affects flowing and easily causing the stifled flower of negative pressure cavity of negative-pressure air-flow.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of ABRASION RESISTANCE and the life-span that can improve centralizing pipe, prevent the transverse shifting of grid ring when normal spinning, and can not cause the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe of energy windage loss to undermine grid ring guiding mechanism.
The utility model is that the technical scheme achieving the above object is: a kind of abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, comprise and there is the centralizing pipe of negative pressure cavity and gather slotted vane, it is characterized in that: the tube wall of described centralizing pipe is provided with at least one that communicate with negative pressure cavity and gathers the installation slotted eye of slotted vane and at least one suction hole being connected for air intake duct for installing, the tube wall of centralizing pipe is positioned at the both sides that slotted eye is installed and is provided with connecting hole; The described slotted vane that gathers is provided with for gathering gathering groove and being positioned at and gathering groove both sides projection for preventing the guide pad of grid ring transverse shifting of fiber, described guide pad is provided with installing hole, respectively gather slotted vane sealing and be fixed in the installation slotted eye of each self-corresponding centralizing pipe, fixture is fixedly connected with the connecting hole of centralizing pipe through the installing hole gathering on slotted vane.
The utility model on the tube wall of centralizing pipe, be provided with communicate with negative pressure cavity at least one for the installation slotted eye that gathers slotted vane is installed, by gathering slotted vane sealing, be fixed in the installation slotted eye of each self-corresponding centralizing pipe, improve ABRASION RESISTANCE and the life-span of centralizing pipe, also can the rotation grid ring in normal spinning process be led by the guide pad gathering on slotted vane, effectively prevent the sideslip of grid ring.The utility model is fixed in the installation slotted eye of centralizing pipe gathering slotted vane sealing, by securing member, the guide pad gathering on slotted vane is fixed on gathering pipe, not only reduce cost of manufacture, also can make to gather between slotted vane and centralizing pipe and keep sealing, not only solve Leakage Gas and cause the loss of the energy, while having prevented grid ring work, because of rotation deviation phenomenon, also solved easily stifled flower problem of centralizing pipe wearing and tearing and centralizing pipe negative pressure cavity.The groove that gathers that the utility model gathers on slotted vane is more than one, can be used for various spinning system, and applicability is strong.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail.
To be the utility model undermine one of structural representation of grid ring guiding mechanism for the abrasionproof of negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe to Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the utility model gathers slotted vane.
Fig. 3 is that the K of Fig. 2 is to schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the another kind of structural representation that the utility model gathers slotted vane.
Fig. 5 is one of apparatus for collecting modular construction schematic diagram after the utility model is assembled into.
Fig. 6 be the utility model for the abrasionproof of negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe undermine grid ring guiding mechanism structural representation two.
Fig. 7 is two of the apparatus for collecting modular construction schematic diagram that is assembled into of the utility model.
Wherein: 1-centralizing pipe, 1-1-gather working face, 1-2-installation slotted eye, 1-3-connecting hole, 1-4-suction hole, 2-gather slotted vane, 2-1-gather groove, 2-2-guide pad, 2-3-installing hole, 2-4-bottom surface, 3-fixture, 4-air-flow joint, 5-grid ring, 6-little roller, 7-little roller bearing, 8-tension bracket supporting mechanism, 9-end plug.
The specific embodiment
See shown in Fig. 1~7, the utility model undermines grid ring guiding mechanism for the abrasionproof of negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe, comprise and there is the centralizing pipe 1 of negative pressure cavity and gather slotted vane 2, the utility model is provided with at least one that communicate with negative pressure cavity and gathers the installation slotted eye 1-2 of slotted vane 2 and at least one suction hole 1-4 for being connected with air intake duct for installing on the tube wall of centralizing pipe 1, this installation slotted eye 1-2 is arranged on the tube wall that gathers working face 1-1 of centralizing pipe 1, the both sides that the tube wall of centralizing pipe 1 is positioned at installation slotted eye 1-2 are provided with connecting hole 1-3, two end plug 9 sealings are arranged on centralizing pipe 1 two-port place, by being arranged on the end plug 9 of centralizing pipe 1 two-port, keep the negative-pressure air-flow of centralizing pipe 1 can not reveal, air-flow joint is fixed on suction hole 1-4, by air-flow joint 4, be connected with air intake duct negative pressure source of the gas is introduced in centralizing pipe 1, suction hole 1-4 on the utility model centralizing pipe 1 is provided with one or more, to keep the negative-pressure air-flow in centralizing pipe 1 consistent.
See shown in Fig. 1~7, the utility model gathers slotted vane 2 and is provided with for gathering gathering groove 2-1 and being positioned at and gathering groove 2-1 both sides projection for preventing the guide pad 2-2 of grid ring 5 transverse shiftings of fiber, as shown in Figure 2, the groove 2-1 that gathers that the utility model gathers on slotted vane 2 is provided with one, or as shown in Figure 4, the utility model is provided with two and gathers groove 2-1, and the utility model can be provided with three and gather groove 2-1, can be used for various spinning system.As shown in Figure 4, the utility model gathers the width that width H between the guide pad 2-2 of groove 2-1 both sides projection is slightly wider than grid ring 5, each grid ring 5 is arranged on centralizing pipe 1 by tension bracket supporting mechanism 8, make grid ring 5 wrap in little roller and gather on slotted vane 2, and small gross draws 6 to be connected to the bearing block on centralizing pipe 1 by little roller bearing 7, or as shown in Figure 7, and small gross draws 6 to be connected on special-purpose bearing block by little roller bearing 7, gather ABRASION RESISTANCE and life-span that slotted vane 2 improves centralizing pipe 1, by the leading to the rotation grid ring 5 in normal spinning process of guide pad 2-2, prevent the sideslip of grid ring 5.
See shown in Fig. 1~7, the utility model guide pad 2-2 is provided with installing hole 2-3, respectively gathering slotted vane 2 sealings is fixed in the installation slotted eye 1-2 of each self-corresponding centralizing pipe 1, can control the surrounding and processing and quality of fit that slotted eye 1-2 is installed of gathering slotted vane 2, gather slotted vane 2 and pass through mechanical interlocking, glue bonding, soldering or mould are inlayed and are connected on centralizing pipe 1 each self-corresponding installation slotted eye 1-2, also can be coated with the leakage problem that fluid sealant has solved negative-pressure air-flow, saved user's energy loss, fixture 3 is fixedly connected with the connecting hole 1-3 of centralizing pipe 1 through the installing hole 2-3 gathering on slotted vane 2, to gather slotted vane 2 is reliably arranged on centralizing pipe 1 each self-corresponding installation slotted eye 1-2, fixture 3 of the present utility model can adopt pin or securing member, can improve bonding strength and the precision of gathering slotted vane 2 and centralizing pipe 1, and make to gather that slotted vane 2 more renews after using wearing and tearing, or change this during the mode kind more renewing and gather slotted vane, expand the scope of application of centralizing pipe.
See shown in Fig. 1~7, its bottom surface of guide pad 2-2 2-4 that the utility model gathers slotted vane 2 is fitted on the tube wall of centralizing pipe 1, make the bottom surface of guide pad 2-2 and the working face 1-1 that gathers of centralizing pipe 1 have identical radius of curvature, be convenient to coordinate, install, as shown in Figure 1, its section configuration of installation slotted eye 1-2 of the utility model centralizing pipe 1 is arcuation rectangle slotted eye or the trapezoidal slotted eye of arcuation, and the section configuration of gathering the section configuration of slotted vane 2 and the installation slotted eye 1-2 of centralizing pipe 1 is identical, the length of guide pad 2-2 is less than or equal to the length of gathering groove 2-1 of gathering on slotted vane 2, the length of guide pad 2-2 of the present utility model and width be not to encounter drawing rollers in course of normal operation and twisting resistance roller is advisable, guide pad 2-2 can be reached and prevent grid ring 5 sideslips, do not affect again the normal work of other roller.
The slotted vane 2 that gathers of the present utility model is made by one of them high-abrasive material of pottery, stainless steel, wear-resistant plastic or carbon steel, can on above-mentioned material, carry out surface treatment is strengthened with antirust, and centralizing pipe 1 is made by aluminum alloy materials, significantly to reduce the manufacturing cost of centralizing pipe 1, be also convenient to gather the replacing of slotted vane 2.
Claims (5)
1. the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, comprise and there is the centralizing pipe (1) of negative pressure cavity and gather slotted vane (2), it is characterized in that: the tube wall of described centralizing pipe (1) is provided with at least one that communicate with negative pressure cavity and gathers the installation slotted eye (1-2) of slotted vane (2) and at least one suction hole (1-4) being connected for air intake duct for installing, and the both sides that the tube wall of centralizing pipe (1) is positioned at installation slotted eye (1-2) are provided with connecting hole (1-3); The described slotted vane (2) that gathers is provided with for gathering gathering groove and being positioned at and gathering groove both sides projection for preventing the guide pad (2-2) of grid ring transverse shifting of fiber, described guide pad (2-2) is provided with installing hole (2-3), respectively gather slotted vane (2) sealing and be fixed in the installation slotted eye (1-2) of each self-corresponding centralizing pipe (1), fixture (3) is fixedly connected with the connecting hole (1-3) of centralizing pipe (1) through the installing hole (2-3) gathering on slotted vane (2).
2. the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe according to claim 1 undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, it is characterized in that: described in gather slotted vane (2) its bottom surface of guide pad (2-2) (2-4) be fitted on the tube wall of centralizing pipe (1), its section configuration of installation slotted eye (1-2) of centralizing pipe (1) is arcuation rectangle slotted eye or the trapezoidal slotted eye of arcuation, and the length of guide pad (2-2) is less than or equal to the length of gathering groove of gathering on slotted vane (2).
3. the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe according to claim 1 and 2 undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, it is characterized in that: described in gather slotted vane (2) and be provided with two or three and gather groove.
4. the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe according to claim 1 and 2 undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, it is characterized in that: described in gather slotted vane (2) and made by one of them high-abrasive material of pottery, stainless steel, wear-resistant plastic or carbon steel, described centralizing pipe (1) is made by aluminum alloy materials.
5. the abrasionproof for negative pressure collecting spinning apparatus centralizing pipe according to claim 1 and 2 undermines grid ring guiding mechanism, it is characterized in that: described in gather slotted vane (2) and inlay and be connected on each self-corresponding installation slotted eye (1-2) of centralizing pipe (1) by mechanical interlocking, glue bonding, soldering or mould.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420337892.XU CN203904554U (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2014-06-23 | Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420337892.XU CN203904554U (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2014-06-23 | Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN203904554U true CN203904554U (en) | 2014-10-29 |
Family
ID=51778845
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201420337892.XU Expired - Lifetime CN203904554U (en) | 2014-06-23 | 2014-06-23 | Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN203904554U (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106120038A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-11-16 | 经纬纺织机械股份有限公司 | A kind of split type special-shaped aspiration channel of compact spinning ring |
CN106560534A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-12 | 江苏海马纺织机械有限公司 | Non-weaving lattice apron for compact spinning |
CN109868529A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-11 | 经纬智能纺织机械有限公司 | A kind of ring throstle three-primary colours compact spinning T shape symmetrical channels negative pressure craft piece |
CN111979617A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 卓郎纺织解决方案两合股份有限公司 | Spinning machine compacting device, method for operating a spinning machine compacting device, and drafting arrangement with a compacting device |
CN112342650A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 际华三五四二纺织有限公司 | Micro gathering device on special pipe gathering groove between front leather roller and guide leather roller for compact spinning |
-
2014
- 2014-06-23 CN CN201420337892.XU patent/CN203904554U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106120038A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-11-16 | 经纬纺织机械股份有限公司 | A kind of split type special-shaped aspiration channel of compact spinning ring |
CN106560534A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-04-12 | 江苏海马纺织机械有限公司 | Non-weaving lattice apron for compact spinning |
CN109868529A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-11 | 经纬智能纺织机械有限公司 | A kind of ring throstle three-primary colours compact spinning T shape symmetrical channels negative pressure craft piece |
CN111979617A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-24 | 卓郎纺织解决方案两合股份有限公司 | Spinning machine compacting device, method for operating a spinning machine compacting device, and drafting arrangement with a compacting device |
EP3741889A1 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-11-25 | Saurer Spinning Solutions GmbH & Co. KG | Condensing device for a spinning machine, drawing frame with the condensing device and method for operating the condensing device |
CN111979617B (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2023-02-28 | 卓郎纺织解决方案两合股份有限公司 | Spinning machine compacting device, method for operating a spinning machine compacting device, and drafting arrangement with a compacting device |
JP7391763B2 (en) | 2019-05-23 | 2023-12-05 | ザウラー スピニング ソリューションズ ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー ウント コー. カー・ゲー | A focusing device for a spinning machine, a draft device with a focusing device, and a method for operating a focusing device |
CN112342650A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 际华三五四二纺织有限公司 | Micro gathering device on special pipe gathering groove between front leather roller and guide leather roller for compact spinning |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN203904554U (en) | Anti-wear lattice apron guide mechanism for gathering tube of negative-pressure gathering spinning device | |
US20170159818A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing and/or processing a paper, cardboard, or tissue web | |
US9506191B2 (en) | Suction roll for a machine for producing and/or processing a paper, cardboard or tissue web | |
CN205635932U (en) | Abrasionproof that spinning device special pipe is gathered to negative pressure decreases and net circle guiding mechanism | |
CN203096269U (en) | Specially-shaped pipe abrasion-resistant mechanism of ring spinning frame and for negative compact spinning device | |
CN102094266B (en) | Air suction pipe for yarn strip bundling device for spinning device and method for manufacturing the same | |
CN207723979U (en) | A kind of Ball Screw in NC Lathe protective device of real-time deashing | |
CN202786574U (en) | Mechanism of compact spinning special pipe with replaceable compact working face | |
CN103060969B (en) | Deformed pipe wearing resistance mechanism of ring spinning frame for negative-pressure compact spinning device | |
CN201034415Y (en) | Warm-air duct Z-shaped composite brick | |
CN205479126U (en) | Wear -resisting tooth wedge area | |
CN209026233U (en) | A kind of polyurethane flashboard wear-resistant seal sliding block | |
CN203602808U (en) | Segmented clamping roller | |
CN203003968U (en) | Edge covered film pressure roller of cutting machine | |
CN103030043B (en) | A kind of device cleaning elevator wire rope | |
CN207830994U (en) | Wear-resisting type fluid current indicator | |
CN205439063U (en) | After take out getter device and injection moulding device | |
CN204550832U (en) | Without wearing and tearing fiber cutting equipment | |
CN211944988U (en) | Fiber conveying antifouling device | |
KR102196795B1 (en) | Wear-resistant pipe and manufacturing method to check for damage | |
CN204643495U (en) | Counterweight installs the novel elevator counterweight system adopting circular guideway | |
CN211082876U (en) | High-performance valve | |
CN207694964U (en) | A kind of crusher bearing protecting device | |
CN202360996U (en) | Device for improving abrasion of medium pipeline elbow | |
CN205974762U (en) | Drafting machine |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20141029 |