CN203579423U - Minimal quantity lubrication grinding device for controllably transporting nano-particle jet flow under magnetism enhanced electric field - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a minimal quantity lubrication grinding device for controllably transporting nano-particle jet flow under a magnetism enhanced electric field. The magnetic field around a corona zone is enhanced, so that the carrying capacity of liquid drop is increased. The minimal quantity lubrication grinding device comprises a nozzle, wherein a high-pressure direct current electrostatic generator and a magnetic field forming device are arranged on the exterior of the nozzle; the nozzle is connected with a nano-particle liquid supply system and an air supply system; the high-pressure direct current electrostatic generator is connected with a cathode of an adjustable high-pressure direct current power supply; an anode of the adjustable high-pressure direct current power supply is connected with a workpiece electrifying device which is adhered to a non-processing surface of a workpiece, so as to form a negative corona discharge form; the magnetic field forming device is arranged around an electrostatic discharge corona zone; and a nano-flow grinding fluid is sprayed from a shower of the nozzle and is atomized into liquid drop, and meanwhile, the liquid drop is charged and sent to a grinding area under the actions of the high-pressure direct current electrostatic generator and the magnetic field forming device.

Description

Magnetic strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of mechanical grinding processing micro lubricating grinding fluid transportation technology method and equipment, particularly a kind of magnetic strengthen the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field.

Background technology

Minimal Quantity Lubrication Technology claims again MQL(Minimal Quantity Lubrication) technology, he mixes the lubricating fluid of denier and atomization with the compressed air with certain pressure, be injected into grinding area, the contact-making surface of emery wheel and abrasive dust, emery wheel and workpiece is carried out to effectively lubricating.This technology is guaranteeing, under the prerequisite of effective lubrication and cooling effect, to use minimal grinding fluid (some thousandths of that is about traditional cast-type lubricating system consumption), to reduce costs and to the pollution of environment and the injury to human body.

Nanometer jet micro lubricating is set up based on enhanced heat exchange is theoretical, and from enhanced heat exchange theory, the heat-transfer capability of solid is much larger than liquids and gases.Under normal temperature, the thermal conductivity factor of solid material is than the large several orders of magnitude of fluent material.In micro lubricating medium, add solids, can significantly increase the thermal conductivity factor of fluid media (medium), improve the ability of convective heat transfer, greatly make up the defect of micro lubricating cooling capacity deficiency.In addition, nano particle (referring to be of a size of the ultra-fine small solid particle of 1-100nm) also has the tribological properties such as special antiwear and antifriction and high bearing capacity aspect lubrication and friction.Nanometer jet micro lubricating adds nanoscale solids particle in micro lubricating fluid media (medium) and makes nano-fluid exactly, after nano particle, lubricant (oil or oil water mixture) and gases at high pressure mixed aerosol, with pattern, sprays into grinding area.

Inventor has carried out deep theory analysis and experimental verification to micro lubricating grinding feed system, achievement in research has been applied for relevant patent, patent of invention by invention designer application, application number: 201210153801.2 disclose a kind of nano particle jet micro lubricating grinding lubricant supply system, it adds nanoscale solids particle the lubricant of making micro lubricating grinding in degradable grinding fluid, from micro-feedway, lubricant is become and has fixation pressure, pulse frequency is variable, the pulse drop that liquid-drop diameter is constant, under the air barrier effect producing at gases at high pressure, with pattern, spray into grinding area.But it is not to adopt magnetic to strengthen the controlled fine droplets of formation generation jet of electrostatic atomization, and atomizing principles is different with drop control mode; Application number: 201110221543.2 patent of invention discloses a kind of nano particle jet micro lubricating grinding three-phase stream feed system, nano-fluid Jing Ye road is delivered to nozzle place, gases at high pressure enter nozzle through gas circuit simultaneously, gases at high pressure and nano-fluid be abundant mixed aerosol in nozzle mixing chamber, after accelerating, accelerating chamber enters minor air cell, Compressed Gas enters through minor air cell's passage simultaneously, three-phase flow is further rotated and mixes and accelerate, then three-phase flow is injected into grinding area with the form of atomized drop through jet expansion.But the principle that neither adopt magnetic to strengthen electrostatic atomization in disclosed technical scheme forms charged fine mist, more can not accomplish that jet is controlled, atomizing principles and drop control mode are all different.

Application number: 201310042095.9 disclose the controlled jet micro lubricating of a kind of nano-fluid electrostatic atomization grinding system, by principles of electrostatics, can make the droplet spraying realize controlled distribution, thereby reduce the pollution to environment, for staff provides better health care.Its grinding system is provided with corona charging nozzle, the nozzle body of corona charging nozzle is connected with liquid-supplying system, air supply system, the HVDC electrostatic generator of nozzle body bottom is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C, the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C is connected with workpiece power-up device, and workpiece power-up device is attached to the not finished surface of workpiece; Grinding nanometer fluid liquid is sent into corona charging nozzle by liquid-supplying system, air supply system is sent compressed air into corona charging nozzle simultaneously, when grinding nanometer fluid liquid drives from nozzle body outlet ejection atomization by compressed air by HVDC electrostatic generator charged be controlled jet, the controlled grinding area that is distributed to processing work under the effect of electric field force and aerodynamic force.Disclosed technical scheme is not to adopt the charged and controlled micro lubricating grinding that transports in order realization of droplet of nano particle jet drop under magnetic field, electric field and atomization three coupling, produce the controlled fine droplets of jet, atomizing principles is different with drop control mode.

If micro lubricating agent is under the rolling action of gases at high pressure in micro lubricating grinding, injection grinding area that can not be effectively controlled, i.e. the wedge area of emery wheel/workpiece interface, nanometer jet will be dispersed in surrounding environment.Nowadays we are just showing great attention to lubricating fluid and the impact of cooling fluid on operator ' s health when using Minimal quantity of lubrication oil, as, operating personnel can obtain various respiratory diseases, comprise that occupational asthma, hylactic pneumonia, PFT forfeiture and skin disease are as allergy, oily acne and cutaneum carcinoma etc.The industrial focus of micro lubricating is to take the potential health hazard that droplet that air is power brings to operating personnel.In micro lubricating be take the injection that compressed air is power, droplet no longer suffers restraints after ejecting, and its motion is no longer controlled, can spread, the series of problems such as drift.Yet the appearance of these problems can make the droplet that particle is small be diffused in working environment, not only environment has been caused great pollution but also can cause great health hazard to staff.When being less than 4 μ m, the size of droplet even can cause various occupational diseases.Even be exposed under this environment and also may damage PFT according to the reality report short time.The exposure limit concentration of U.S.'s occupational safety and health research institute suggestion mineral oil droplet is 0.5mg/m for this reason ³.In order to ensure staff's health, must be controlled fine droplet in micro lubricating process, reduce diffusing capacity.Yet from the document of current retrieval, for research in this respect, have not been reported, therefore extremely urgent for the research of the problems referred to above.Present situation based on such we carried out the controlled distribution of mist droplet in micro lubricating process to explore.

Inventor has carried out deep theory analysis and experimental verification to the jet controllability of micro lubricating grinding feed system, achievement in research has been applied for relevant patent, patent of invention by invention designer application, application number: 201310042095.9 disclose with the controlled jet micro lubricating of a kind of nano-fluid electrostatic atomization grinding system, utilize electrostatic atomization principle on the basis of pneumatic nebulization to the further atomization of nanometer jet micro lubricating liquid, utilize static elements of the electric charge in the crystal exterior that the micro lubricating liquid drop of ejection is charged simultaneously, directed to workpiece movable under the effect of electric field force by charged drop, thereby realize the controlled of nano particle jet.Although it is controlled that this scheme has realized nano particle jet orientation, if but think in this case further to increase the carrying capacity of drop, just need constantly to increase the voltage of dc source, but the restriction due to breakdown voltage, can not unconfined increase electrostatic potential, how in the situation that not increasing electrostatic potential, to increase the carrying capacity of drop, the present situation of the main direction that becomes research based on such, we have carried out to how to increase the carrying capacity of droplet in electrostatic atomization charged process on the basis that does not increase electrostatic potential exploring.

Summary of the invention

The utility model, for addressing the above problem, provides a kind of magnetic to strengthen the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, by increase magnetic field around in corona zone, improves the carrying capacity of drop.

For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of magnetic strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, and it comprises:

Outside is provided with the nozzle of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device;

Nozzle is connected with nano particle liquid-supplying system, air supply system;

HVDC electrostatic generator is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C, the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C with for be attached to workpiece or not the power-up device of finished surface be connected, thereby form the form of negative corona discharge;

Corona zone at static discharge is around magnetic field forming device;

Grinding nanometer fluid liquid is charged and be admitted to grinding area to drop under the effect of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device when the shower nozzle ejection of nozzle is atomized into drop.

Described HVDC electrostatic generator is arranged on magnetic field forming device, and magnetic field forming device is arranged on nozzle.

The part that described HVDC electrostatic generator is shower nozzle forms, and magnetic field forming device is arranged on nozzle.

Described magnetic field forming device is by the identical structure of two covers, and the fixed head that the middle part by is separately semi arch is fixed in the draw-in groove of nozzle near nozzle position periphery, and two fixed heads link together; Every nested structure includes:

Determine plate for one, a moving plate, both are hinged, determine plate top and are provided with T shape chute, and angular adjustment fixed mechanism one end is fixed on moving plate, and the other end is flexibly connected with T shape chute, carries out angle adjustment fixing;

On moving plate, be provided with magnetic holder, be provided with magnetic element in magnetic holder, magnetic holder top is provided with electrode chuck, and HVDC electrostatic generator is arranged on electrode chuck.

Described HVDC electrostatic generator is some L shaped needle electrode I, and described L shaped needle electrode I middle part is provided with rubber stopper, and afterbody is provided with conductor interface; Electrode chuck one side at magnetic field forming device is provided with a plurality of electrode slots, at electrode chuck opposite side, is provided with wire groove, and described electrode slot is communicated with described wire groove, and conductor interface is positioned at described wire groove and is connected with electrode high-voltage conducting wires.

Described shower nozzle is flat fan, at flat fan shower nozzle inner surface, is semielliptical or hemisphere face; On the top of semielliptical, open a V-shaped groove, V-shaped groove two inclined-planes pass through mutually and form long and narrow spout about nozzle-axis symmetry and with semiellipse ball.

Described magnetic field forming device is by the identical structure of two covers, and the fixed head that the middle part by is separately semi arch is fixed in the draw-in groove of nozzle near nozzle position periphery, and two fixed heads link together; Every nested structure includes:

Determine plate for one, a moving plate, both are hinged, determine plate top and are provided with T shape chute, and angular adjustment fixed mechanism one end is fixed on moving plate, and the other end is flexibly connected with T shape chute, carries out angle adjustment fixing;

On moving plate, be provided with magnetic holder, be provided with magnetic element in magnetic holder, magnetic holder top is provided with electrode chuck.

Described shower nozzle is divided into two parts sprayer body and electrode nozzle I, sprayer body and electrode nozzle I are threaded, sprayer body is made by ceramic material, electrode nozzle I is made as HVDC electrostatic generator by the material of sparking electrode, and the exit of electrode nozzle I is thinner is 0.3-1.2mm, in electrode nozzle I, be provided with wire connecting ring I for connecting electrode high-voltage conducting wires.

Described angular adjustment fixture comprises an angle orientation ring, above it, be provided with arc chute, angle orientation ring is fixedly connected with moving plate, and the detent mechanism that arc chute consists of slide block screw rod and nut is flexibly connected with determining plate, carries out angle adjustment and fixing.

Described magnetic element is permanent magnet or electromagnet; When adopting electromagnet, magnetic holder trailing flank is provided with electromagnet metallic channel, electromagnet with by the adjustable power supply of electromagnet wire and electromagnet, be connected.

Described nozzle comprises mixing chamber, and mixing chamber two ends are tightly connected with air injection pipe and shower nozzle respectively; In mixing chamber, be divided into admission chamber and hybrid chamber, by dish type feed liquor plug, separated between the two, at feed liquor, be provided with a plurality of inlet openings beyond the Great Wall; The air injection pipe front portion that is positioned at hybrid chamber is provided with a plurality of injecting holes, and injecting hole is arranged evenly with two groups of relative helix forms; Between hybrid chamber and shower nozzle, be provided with taper accelerating sections.

A kind of magnetic strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, and it comprises:

Inside is provided with HVDC electrostatic generator and thereby magnetic field forming device forms one nozzle;

One nozzle is connected with nano particle liquid-supplying system, air supply system;

HVDC electrostatic generator is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C, the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C with for be attached to workpiece or not the power-up device of finished surface be connected, thereby form the form of negative corona discharge;

Corona zone at static discharge arranges magnetic field forming device around;

Grinding nanometer fluid liquid is charged and be admitted to grinding area to drop under the effect of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device when one nozzle ejection is atomized into drop.

Described one nozzle comprises one nozzle body, and its inside is provided with one nozzle gas injection passage, and the one nozzle gas injection tube wall bottom of one nozzle gas injection passage is provided with some injecting holes, and is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber;

The one nozzle fluid injection chamber that described one nozzle body is communicated with one nozzle reservoir channel in addition; Described one nozzle fluid injection chamber is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber by one nozzle throttle orifice; In one nozzle hybrid chamber bottom, it is the outlet of one nozzle fan nozzle;

In described one nozzle fan nozzle outlet bottom, be one injector electrode groove, one injector electrode groove bottom is one nozzle magnetic holder); HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device are placed in respectively in one injector electrode groove and one nozzle magnetic holder.

Described one nozzle comprises one nozzle body, and its inside is provided with one nozzle gas injection passage, and the one nozzle gas injection tube wall bottom of one nozzle gas injection passage is provided with some injecting holes, and is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber;

The one nozzle fluid injection chamber that described one nozzle body is communicated with one nozzle reservoir channel in addition; Described one nozzle fluid injection chamber is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber by one nozzle throttle orifice; In one nozzle hybrid chamber bottom, be sprayer body and electrode nozzle II, sprayer body and electrode nozzle II are threaded; In electrode nozzle II, be provided with wire connecting ring II and be connected with electrode high-voltage conducting wires, as HVDC electrostatic generator;

In described electrode nozzle II bottom, it is one nozzle magnetic holder; Magnetic field forming device is placed in one nozzle magnetic holder.

Described HVDC electrostatic generator comprises:

Circular electrode dish is provided with annular electrode cable standing groove on circular electrode dish, and spaced a plurality of needle electrode draw-in groove;

In electrode cable standing groove, be also provided with electrode cable through hole, electrode high-voltage conducting wires picks out by one injector electrode lead channels and picks out one nozzle outside;

L shaped needle electrode II inserts in needle electrode draw-in groove.

Described magnetic field forming device comprises:

Magnet, it is placed in one nozzle magnetic holder, by positioning chuck, is located, and is provided with magnet baffle plate on positioning chuck;

Described magnet is permanent magnet or electromagnet, if electromagnetism iron rule electromagnet wire picks out via one nozzle electromagnet lead channels.

Described workpiece power-up device is comprised of workpiece power-up device insulation shell, foundary weight, compression permanent magnet, holddown spring; Compress permanent magnet and be arranged on workpiece power-up device insulation shell, foundary weight is penetrated and is arranged on workpiece power-up device insulation shell middle part by holddown spring, and the end of exposing workpiece power-up device insulation shell is provided with wire connecting ring and split pin slot.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

Provide a kind of magnetic to strengthen the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, by increase magnetic field around in corona zone, improved the carrying capacity of drop.In the situation that magnetic strengthens corona discharge, under the acting in conjunction of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, free electron has formed Rameau motion, and the movement locus of free electron has been extended.That is to say because free electron has been done Rameau motion, the probability of free electron and air molecule and micro lubricating grinding fluid particle collision obviously increases, thereby makes electron avalanche more violent, and air ionization strengthens, and makes particulate charged more abundant.Due to the existence in magnetic field, the discharge inception voltage of corona discharge also decreases simultaneously.Under magnetic field, electric field and atomization three coupling, realize that the charged and droplet of nano particle jet drop is controlled transports micro lubricating grinding in order.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the assembled shaft mapping of the first and the third embodiment;

Fig. 2 is the assembled shaft mapping of the second and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Fig. 3 is the first, the second, the third and the 4th kind of embodiment Ye road and gas circuit system schematic;

Fig. 4 is the Circuits System block diagram of the first, the second, the third and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Fig. 5 a, b are workpiece power-up device cutaway view and the top views of the first, the second, the third and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Fig. 6 is the nozzle body cutaway view of the first and the second embodiment;

Fig. 7 is the partial isometric of the air injection pipe of the first and the third embodiment;

Fig. 8 is the shower nozzle cutaway view of the first embodiment;

Fig. 9 is the calutron assembled shaft mapping of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 10 is nozzle and the calutron assembling schematic diagram of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 11 be the first and the third embodiment determine plate axonometric drawing;

Figure 12 is the moving plate axonometric drawing of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 13 is the magnetic holder axonometric drawing of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 14 is the electrode chuck axonometric drawing of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 15 is the fixed head axonometric drawing of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 16 is the angle orientation ring top view of the first and the third embodiment;

Figure 17 is L shaped needle electrode and the rubber stopper axonometric drawing of the first embodiment;

Figure 18 is the cutaway view of the one nozzle of the second embodiment;

Figure 19 is the top view of the one nozzle of the second and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Figure 20 is one nozzle and the calutron sectional arrangement drawing of the second embodiment;

Figure 21 a, b are top view and the revolved sectional views of the circular electrode groove of the second embodiment;

Figure 22 is the top view of the positioning chuck of the second and the 4th kind of embodiment;

Figure 23 is the cutaway view of the electrode shower nozzle of the third embodiment;

Figure 24 is the cutaway view of the one nozzle of the 4th kind of embodiment;

Wherein, 1-emery wheel, 2-grinding machine some work platform, 3-insulating sheet material, 4-workpiece, 5-magnetic suction disc, 6-wheel guard, 7-compressed air delivery coiled pipe, 8-nano-fluid is carried coiled pipe, 9-adjustable high voltage D. C, 10-electrode high-voltage conducting wires, 11-workpiece power-up device, 12-nozzle, 13-calutron, 14-electromagnet wire, 15-electromagnet is adjustable power supply, 16-mixing chamber, 17-air injection pipe, 18-shower nozzle, the left nut of 19-nozzle, 20-feed liquor screwed pipe, the right nut of 21-nozzle, 22-feed liquor plug, 23-seal washer I, 24-seal washer II, 25-admission chamber, 26-hybrid chamber, 27-accelerating sections, the outlet of 28-fan nozzle, 29-draw-in groove, 30-positioning spiro pit, 31-air compressor, 32-nano-fluid fluid reservoir, 33-air accumulator, 34-hydraulic pump, 35-filter, 36-Pressure gauge, 37-choke valve I, 38-turbine flowmeter I, 39-turbine flowmeter II, 40-choke valve II, 41-pressure regulator valve I, 42-pressure regulator valve II, 43-overflow valve, 44-nano-fluid collection box, 45-determines plate, 46-moves plate, 47-angle orientation ring, 48-screw rod I, 49-screw rod II, 50-slide block screw rod, 51-electrode chuck, 52-magnetic holder, 53-nut, 54-screw rod III, 55-screw rod IV, 56-T shape chute, 57-through hole I, 58-locating piece, 59-fixed head socket, 60-magnetic holder fixed block, 61-through hole II, 62-screwed hole I, 63-hexagonal counterbore, 64-through hole III, 65-tapped through hole, 66-screwed hole II, 67-electromagnet metallic channel, 68-electrode slot, 69-through hole IV, 70-wire groove, 71-fixed head, 72-through hole V, 73-through hole VI, 74-through hole VII, 75-arc chute, 76-split pin slot, 77-workpiece power-up device insulation shell, 78-foundary weight, 79-compresses permanent magnet, 80-holddown spring, 81-wire connecting ring, 82-rubber stopper, 83-L shape needle electrode I, 84-conductor interface, 85-one nozzle body, 86-one nozzle gas injection passage, 87-one nozzle gas injection channel connector, 88-one nozzle reservoir channel, 89-one nozzle reservoir channel joint, 90-one nozzle fluid injection chamber, 91-one nozzle throttle orifice, 92-one nozzle hybrid chamber, 93-one nozzle accelerating sections, the outlet of 94-one nozzle fan nozzle, 95-one injector electrode lead channels, 96-one injector electrode groove, 97-one nozzle magnetic holder, 98-one nozzle electromagnet lead channels, 99-one nozzle retaining thread hole, 100-one nozzle gas injection tube wall, 101-circular electrode dish, 102-L shape needle electrode II, 103-magnet, 104-positioning chuck, 105-electrode cable through hole, 106-needle electrode draw-in groove, 107-electrode cable standing groove, 108-positioning through hole, 109-magnet baffle plate, 110-one nozzle, 111-sprayer body, 112-electrode nozzle I, 113-wire connecting ring I, 114-electrode nozzle II, 115-electrode connection space, 116-wire connecting ring II.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described.

Embodiment 1:

The first embodiment of the present utility model, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 to 17, is to strengthen electric field induced nano particle jet drop charging mechanism and controlled micro lubricating grinding process method and the equipment of transporting in order of droplet about a kind of magnetic.

As shown in Figure 1, in the first embodiment, on grinding machine some work platform 2, being covered with this new material of insulating sheet material 3(can magnetic conduction but non-conductive, thereby not only can guarantee the installation of workpiece 4 but also can guarantee nozzle 12 and 4 of workpiece form consistent electric field).Workpiece 4 is placed on insulating sheet material 3, and clamping and positioning workpiece 4 when grinding machine adds magnetic, is adsorbed on magnetic suction disc 5 side of wheel guard 6, is used for fixing nano-fluid and carries the cathode conductor in coiled pipe 8, compressed air delivery coiled pipe 7 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10.Nano-fluid carries coiled pipe 8 one end to be connected with feed liquor screwed pipe 20, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter II 39.Compressed air delivery coiled pipe 7 one end are connected with air injection pipe 17, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter I 38.Cathode conductor one end in electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10, through wire groove 70, is connected with each needle electrode tail end successively, and the other end is connected with the cathode output end of adjustable high voltage D. C 9.Positive wire one end in electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10 other end that is connected with wire connecting ring 81 is connected with the cathode output end of adjustable high voltage D. C 9, and carries out grounding.Workpiece power-up device 11 is adsorbed in to not finished surface of workpiece, thereby workpiece 4 is connected with adjustable high voltage D. C 9 is anodal, electromagnet coil is connected with the adjustable power supply 15 of electromagnet by electromagnet wire 14, and calutron is fixed on nozzle 12 by fixed head 71.

As shown in Figure 3, at the nozzle 12 described in the first embodiment, be pneumatic nozzle, compressed air and nano-fluid are in nozzle 12 internal mix.The gas circuit of described nozzle 12 is connected to form successively by air compressor 31, filter 35, air accumulator 33, pressure regulator valve I 41, choke valve I 37, turbine flowmeter I 38.The liquid route nano-fluid fluid reservoir 32 of described nozzle 12, hydraulic pump 34, pressure regulator valve II 42, choke valve II 40, turbine flowmeter II 39 connect to form successively.The compressed air being produced by air compressor 31 enters air accumulator 33 through filter 35, then through pressure regulator valve I 41 and choke valve I 37, the turbine flowmeter I 38 of flowing through enters air injection pipe 17; Hydraulic pump 34 is extracted the nano-fluid in nano-fluid fluid reservoir 32 out, then through pressure regulator valve II 42 and choke valve II 40, the turbine flowmeter II 39 of flowing through enters feed liquor screwed pipe 20.Wherein overflow valve 43 and nano-fluid collection box 44 form protection loop, and Pressure gauge 36 is used for monitoring the air pressure of air accumulator 33.

As shown in Figure 4, in the first embodiment, adjustable high voltage D. C 9 is comprised of AC power input block, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2, self-maintained circuit, power amplification circuit, high-frequency impulse stepup transformer, voltage doubling rectifing circuit and constant current automatic control circuit.

As shown in Fig. 5 a, b, in the first embodiment, workpiece power-up device 11 is comprised of workpiece power-up device insulation shell 77, foundary weight 78, compression permanent magnet 79, holddown spring 80.By it near workpiece not during finished surface, compress permanent magnet 79 can and workpiece 4 produce attractions compression holddown springs 80, holddown spring 80 provides reaction force simultaneously, guarantees that foundary weight 78 is closely connected with workpiece 4.On foundary weight 78, have split pin slot 76, its effect is to insert split pin, and when guaranteeing workpiece power-up device 11 with workpiece 4 absorption, foundary weight 78 and holddown spring 80 can not come off from workpiece power-up device insulation shell 77.Foundary weight 78 tail ends are provided with wire connecting ring 81 and facilitate wire to connect.

If Fig. 6, the nozzle body cutaway view of 7 and 8 this embodiment are, as shown in the partial isometric of air injection pipe 17 and shower nozzle cutaway view, the nozzle 12 that can find out designed use in this embodiment in the first embodiment consists of the left nut 19 of nozzle, air injection pipe 17, seal washer I 23, feed liquor screwed pipe 20, feed liquor plug 22, the right nut 21 of nozzle, seal washer II 24, shower nozzle 18 and mixing chamber 16 for micro lubricating atomizer, and it assembles as shown in Figure 6.As can be seen from the figure nozzle 12 also comprises admission chamber 25, hybrid chamber 26, accelerating sections 27 and fan nozzle outlet 28.Compressed air and nano-fluid enter hybrid chamber 26 by air injection pipe 17 and admission chamber 25 respectively to be mixed, feed liquor plug 22 is disc, can be as required symmetrical 4-8 inlet opening around, its effect is that restriction nano-fluid enters the amount in hybrid chamber 26, thereby can make compressed air and nano-fluid in hybrid chamber 26, have enough blending spaces.Compressed air and nano-fluid are thoroughly mixed to form subsonic speed three-phase (compressed air, liquid lubricating base oil and solid nano particle) bubble flow in hybrid chamber 26.Bubble flow enters into after accelerating sections 27, because accelerating sections 27 has dwindled the flowing space of three-phase bubble flow for pyramidal structure, thereby has increased pressure and the flow velocity of three-phase bubble flow, and has reduced bubble diameter.When three-phase bubble flow is through accelerating sections 27, be squeezed and unstability simultaneously, be broken into less bubble and drop, the quantity that has increased droplet has improved atomizing effect.Three-phase bubble flow sprays with near-sonic speed at fan nozzle mouth 28 after accelerating simultaneously, strengthened effluxvelocity, because pressure drops to suddenly atmospheric pressure, bubble can sharply expand and explosion has formed the power of the atomization of liquid, and around bubble can be impacted and explodes and mutually collide and make atomizing particle become extremely small simultaneously.In air injection pipe 17, have injecting hole, injecting hole is arranged evenly with two groups of relative helix forms, this is more conducive to three-phase bubble flow in the interior abundant mixing of hybrid chamber 26 and collision, air injection pipe 17 axially distributes along helix simultaneously the central axis of injecting hole and the central axis of nozzle air injection pipe become 15 to 35 degree inclinations angle, the three-phase bubble flow being conducive to like this in hybrid chamber 26 advances to accelerating sections 27, on air injection pipe 17 tops, be provided with axial injecting hole, its effect is further to make three-phase bubble flow in the interior acceleration of accelerating sections 27.Draw-in groove 29 and positioning spiro pit 30 are used for being connected and fixed plate 71, positioning spiro pit 30 many groups of arrays along the circumferential direction in draw-in groove 29.As can be seen from Figure 6 this shower nozzle 18 is flat fan shower nozzle.Flat fan shower nozzle inner surface is generally semielliptical or hemisphere face.On the top of semielliptical, open a V-shaped groove, V-shaped groove two inclined-planes pass through mutually and form long and narrow spout about nozzle-axis symmetry and with semiellipse ball.This shower nozzle can produce fan-shaped even flat jet, and this jet impact force is even, and impact range is large, and angle of flare also can be adjusted in a big way, and its cleansing power is particularly outstanding.In figure, a is oval major semiaxis length, b be elliptical center to V-type bottom land length, c is nozzle incident cross section diameter, α is half of the V-type angle of the v-groove.

As shown in Fig. 9 to 17, calutron general assembly axonometric drawing and each component view, in the first embodiment, calutron is set to two relative covers, and what in Fig. 9, provide is wherein one group.As shown in the figure, screw rod II 49 is through being arranged on the through hole I 57 of determining on plate 45 and being arranged on two through hole III on moving plate 46, and one end of screw rod II 49 sinks in hexagonal counterbore 63, and screw rod II 49 other ends are rotary with nut, thereby make plate 46 and determine plate 45 to interconnect, and can relatively rotate.Slide block screw rod 50 is slided in T shape chute 56, make the screw rod of slide block screw rod 50 tops through the arc chute 75 on angle orientation ring 47, slide block screw rod 50 tops screw with nut 53.Screw rod I 48 screws in screwed hole I 62 through the through hole VII 74 on angle orientation ring 47, adjusting screw(rod) I 48 can be rotated around it angle orientation ring 47, unscrewing nut 53 can make slide block screw rod 50 in the 56 interior slips of T shape chute, thereby regulate the relative angle of determining plate 45 and moving plate 46, then screw screw rod I 48 and nut 53 locking angle locating rings 47, the angle that is plate 46 and determine plate 45 is fixed, and on angle orientation ring 47, has scale, can realize quantitative angle adjustment easily.Permanent magnet or electromagnet are put in magnetic holder 52, electrode chuck 51 is placed in to magnetic holder 52 tops, make screwed hole II 66 and 69 alignment of through hole IV, by screw rod III 54, magnetic holder 52 and electrode chuck 51 are coupled together again, if electromagnet is housed in magnetic holder 52 can be incorporated into its winding wire in wire groove 70 by electromagnet metallic channel 67, in electrode slot 68, be plugged with rubber stopper 82(interference fit), L shaped needle electrode I 83 is inserted into (interference fit) in rubber stopper 82, L shaped needle electrode I 83 tail ends extend to wire groove 70, L shaped needle electrode I 83 tail ends are provided with conductor interface 84.Electromagnet coil wire can be guided to outside device and be connected with power supply through wire groove 70 with electrode cable.Fixed head 71 is placed in draw-in groove 29, makes through hole VI 73 align and be connected with screw with positioning spiro pit 30.Above calutron is relative two groups of settings, and fixed head 71 is inserted in the fixed head socket 59 on locating piece 58, utilizes screw rod to be inserted in two groups of through hole V 72 on fixed head 71 and with nut check, realizes the fixing of whole calutron.Due to positioning spiro pit 30 many groups of arrays along the circumferential direction in draw-in groove 29, and it is adjustable to determine the relative angle of plate 45 and moving plate 46, thereby has realized the formation in multi-angle magnetic field, nozzle the place ahead.

Embodiment 2:

Fig. 2 to 5 and Figure 18 to 22 are the second embodiment of the present utility model, in the second is implemented, the nozzle in the first embodiment 12 and calutron 13 are replaced with to one nozzle 110.

As shown in Figure 2, on grinding machine some work platform 2, being covered with this new material of insulating sheet material 3(can magnetic conduction, but non-conductive, thereby not only can guarantee the installation of workpiece but also can guarantee to form consistent electric field between nozzle and workpiece).Workpiece 4 is placed on insulating sheet material 3, and clamping and positioning workpiece 4 when grinding machine adds magnetic, is adsorbed on magnetic suction disc 5 side of wheel guard 6, is used for fixing nano-fluid and carries the cathode conductor in coiled pipe 8, compressed air delivery coiled pipe 7 and electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10.Nano-fluid carries coiled pipe 8 one end to be connected with one nozzle reservoir channel joint 89, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter II 39.Compressed air delivery coiled pipe 7 one end one nozzle gas injection channel connectors 87 are connected, and the other end is connected with turbine flowmeter I 38.Cathode conductor in electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10, through one injector electrode lead channels 95, is connected with each needle electrode tail end successively, and the other end is connected with the cathode output end of adjustable high voltage D. C 9.Positive wire one end in electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10 other end that is connected with wire connecting ring 81 is connected with the cathode output end of adjustable high voltage D. C 9, and carries out grounding.Workpiece power-up device 11 is adsorbed in to not finished surface of workpiece, thereby workpiece 4 is connected with adjustable high voltage D. C 9 is anodal, electromagnet coil is connected with the adjustable power supply 15 of electromagnet by electromagnet wire 14.

As shown in Figure 3, at the one nozzle 110 described in the second embodiment, be pneumatic nozzle, compressed air and nano-fluid are in one nozzle 110 internal mix.The gas circuit of described one nozzle 110 is connected to form successively by air compressor 31, filter 35, air accumulator 33, pressure regulator valve I 41, choke valve I 37, turbine flowmeter I 38.The liquid route nano-fluid fluid reservoir 32 of described one nozzle 110, hydraulic pump 34, pressure regulator valve II 42, choke valve II 40, turbine flowmeter II 39 connect to form successively.The compressed air being produced by air compressor 31 enters air accumulator 33 through filter 35, then through pressure regulator valve I 41 and choke valve I 37, the turbine flowmeter I 38 of flowing through enters one nozzle gas injection passage 86; Hydraulic pump 34 is extracted the nano-fluid in nano-fluid fluid reservoir 32 out, then through pressure regulator valve II 42 and choke valve II 40, the turbine flowmeter II 39 of flowing through enters one nozzle reservoir channel 88.Wherein overflow valve 43 and nano-fluid collection box 44 form protection loop, and Pressure gauge 36 is used for monitoring the air pressure of air accumulator 33.

As shown in Figure 4, in the second embodiment, adjustable high voltage D. C 9 is comprised of AC power input block, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2, self-maintained circuit, power amplification circuit, high-frequency impulse stepup transformer, voltage doubling rectifing circuit and constant current automatic control circuit.

As shown in Fig. 5 a, b, in the second embodiment, workpiece power-up device 11 is comprised of workpiece power-up device insulation shell 77, foundary weight 78, compression permanent magnet 79, holddown spring 80.By it near workpiece not during finished surface, compress permanent magnet 79 can and workpiece 4 produce attractions compression holddown springs 80, holddown spring 80 provides reaction force simultaneously, guarantees that foundary weight 78 is closely connected with workpiece 4.On foundary weight 78, have split pin slot 76, its effect is to insert split pin, and when guaranteeing workpiece power-up device 11 with workpiece 4 absorption, foundary weight 78 and holddown spring 80 can not come off from workpiece power-up device insulation shell 77.Foundary weight 78 tail ends are provided with wire connecting ring 81 and facilitate wire to connect.

As shown in Figure 18 to 22, in the second embodiment, nozzle used is integrated nozzle 110, described one nozzle 110 is made and is comprised one nozzle body 85 by ceramic material use quick molding method, one nozzle gas injection passage 86, one nozzle gas injection channel connector 87, one nozzle reservoir channel 88, one nozzle reservoir channel joint 89, one nozzle fluid injection chamber 90, one nozzle throttle orifice 91, one nozzle hybrid chamber 92, one nozzle accelerating sections 93, one nozzle fan nozzle outlet 94, one injector electrode lead channels 95, one injector electrode groove 96, one nozzle magnetic holder 97, one nozzle electromagnet lead channels 98, one nozzle retaining thread hole 99, one nozzle gas injection tube wall 100.Compressed air enters one nozzle hybrid chamber 92 by one nozzle gas injection passage 86, simultaneously nano-fluid enters into one nozzle fluid injection chamber 90 through one nozzle reservoir channel 88, and entering into one nozzle hybrid chamber 92 after by 91 throttlings of one nozzle throttle orifice mixes with compressed air.The effect of one nozzle throttle orifice 91 is that restriction nano-fluid enters into the amount in one nozzle hybrid chamber 92, thereby can make compressed air and nano-fluid have enough blending spaces in one nozzle hybrid chamber 92.Compressed air and nano-fluid are thoroughly mixed to form subsonic speed three-phase (compressed air, liquid lubricating base oil and solid nano particle) bubble flow in one nozzle hybrid chamber 92.Bubble flow enters into after one nozzle accelerating sections 93, because one nozzle accelerating sections 93 has dwindled the flowing space of three-phase bubble flow for pyramidal structure, thereby has increased pressure and the flow velocity of three-phase bubble flow, and has reduced bubble diameter.When three-phase bubble flow is through one nozzle accelerating sections 93, be squeezed and unstability simultaneously, be broken into less bubble and drop, the quantity that has increased droplet has improved atomizing effect.Three-phase bubble flow sprays with near-sonic speed in one nozzle fan nozzle outlet 94 after accelerating simultaneously, strengthened effluxvelocity, because pressure drops to suddenly atmospheric pressure, bubble can sharply expand and explosion has formed the power of the atomization of liquid, and around bubble can be impacted and explodes and mutually collide and make atomizing particle become extremely small simultaneously.On one nozzle gas injection tube wall 100, have injecting hole, injecting hole is identical with the arranged in embodiment mono-, this layout is more conducive to three-phase bubble flow in the interior abundant mixing of one nozzle hybrid chamber 92 and collision, the central axis of injecting hole and the central axis of nozzle air injection pipe become 15 to 35 degree inclinations angle simultaneously, the three-phase bubble flow being conducive to like this in one nozzle hybrid chamber 92 advances to one nozzle accelerating sections 93, on one nozzle gas injection tube wall 100 tops, be provided with axial injecting hole, its effect is further to make three-phase bubble flow in the 93 interior acceleration of one nozzle accelerating sections, the design of one nozzle fan nozzle outlet 94 is identical with the first embodiment.The elasticity that circular electrode dish 101 described in figure is certain for quality of rubber materials has, at its circumference, go into battle and show 4-8 needle electrode draw-in groove 106, on circular electrode dish 101, be provided with electrode cable standing groove 107, in electrode cable standing groove 107, be provided with electrode cable through hole 105 and facilitate electrode cable to pick out, electrode cable picks out by one injector electrode lead channels 95 and picks out one nozzle 100 outsides.L shaped needle electrode II 102 inserts in needle electrode draw-in groove 106 (interference fit).The circular electrode dish 101 that connects electrode is put in one injector electrode groove 96, magnet 103 is placed in one nozzle magnetic holder 97, the location of being undertaken as shown in figure 20 by positioning chuck 104 is provided with magnet baffle plate 109 and is used for limiting magnet on positioning chuck 104.Screw is connected on one nozzle retaining thread hole 99 through after positioning through hole 108, thus stationary positioned chuck 104.Described magnet 103 can be also electromagnet for permanent magnet, if electromagnetism iron rule electromagnet wire picks out via one nozzle electromagnet lead channels 98.

Embodiment 3:

The third embodiment of the present utility model is as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 to 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 9 to 16 and Figure 23, in the third embodiment of the present invention, except the layout of electrode is different from the first embodiment with the design of shower nozzle, other design is all identical with the first embodiment.In embodiment tri-, changed the addition manner of sparking electrode, no longer arranged L shaped needle electrode I 83 in the electrode slot 68 on the electrode chuck 51 in former the first embodiment, in the third embodiment, electrode chuck 51 is only used as the lid of magnetic holder 52.In embodiment tri-, the shower nozzle in embodiment mono-18 has been carried out to design again, design as shown in figure 23, by the shower nozzle in former the first embodiment 18, split into two parts sprayer body 111 and electrode nozzle I 112, sprayer body 111 and electrode nozzle I 112 are threaded connection, sprayer body 111 is made by ceramic material, electrode nozzle I 112 is made by the material that can make sparking electrode, and the exit of electrode nozzle I 112 is thinner is 0.3-1.2mm, in electrode nozzle I 112, be provided with wire connecting ring I 113, be convenient to connect wire.

Embodiment 4:

The 4th kind of embodiment of the present utility model is as shown in Fig. 2 to 5, Figure 19, Figure 22, Figure 24, and in the 4th kind of embodiment of the present invention, except the layout of electrode is different from the second embodiment with the design of jet expansion, other design is all identical with the second embodiment.In embodiment tetra-, remove one injector electrode groove 96 these parts in former the second embodiment, thereby in the 4th kind of embodiment, also do not re-used circular electrode dish 101 and L shaped needle electrode II 102.One nozzle fan nozzle outlet in former the second embodiment 94 is made into the shape shown in Figure 24 and with internal thread, with with externally threaded electrode nozzle II 114, be threaded connection, in integrated nozzle interior, be provided with electrode connection space 115 as shown in figure 24, in electrode nozzle II 114, be provided with wire connecting ring II 116, facilitate the connection of electrode cable simultaneously.

This programme specific works process is as follows:

Take the first embodiment as example, nano-fluid is via liquid road: nano-fluid fluid reservoir 32, hydraulic pump 34, pressure regulator valve II 42, choke valve II 40, turbine flowmeter II 39 enter into feed liquor screwed pipe 20, and compressed air is via gas circuit: air compressor 31, filter 35, air accumulator 33, pressure regulator valve I 41, choke valve I 37, turbine flowmeter I 38 enter into air injection pipe 17.Between admission chamber 25 and hybrid chamber 26, feed liquor plug 22 is set, object is to guarantee there is sufficient blending space in hybrid chamber 26.Nano-fluid and Compressed Gas enter in hybrid chamber 26 simultaneously, and owing to having in air injection pipe 17 with two groups of relative injecting holes that helix form is arranged evenly, this causes three-phase bubble flow to form eddy current in the interior abundant mixing of hybrid chamber 26 and collision.Air injection pipe 17 axially distributes along helix simultaneously the central axis of injecting hole and the central axis of nozzle air injection pipe become 15 to 85 degree inclinations angle, the three-phase bubble flow being conducive to like this in hybrid chamber 26 advances to accelerating sections 27, on air injection pipe 17 tops, be provided with axial injecting hole, its effect is further to make three-phase bubble flow in the interior acceleration of accelerating sections 27, three-phase bubble flow sprays enter into fan nozzle outlet 28 after accelerating after, because pressure drops to suddenly atmospheric pressure, bubble can sharply expand and explosion has formed the power of the atomization of liquid, simultaneously around bubble can be impacted and explodes and mutually collide and make atomizing particle become extremely small, thereby realized pneumatic nebulization.

On the electrode slot of electrode chuck 51, can according to circumstances clamp 1 to 5 L shaped needle electrode I 83.L shaped needle electrode I 83 discharge tip radiuses are about 0.3～1.5mm.The conductor interface 84 of L shaped needle electrode I 83 tail ends is connected to electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10, and electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10 picks out outside calutron through wire groove 70, and is connected with adjustable high voltage D. C 9 cathode output ends.Because the discharge inception voltage of negative corona discharge when the corona discharge is low, breakdown voltage is high, so L shaped needle electrode I 83 is connected with power cathode, adjustable high voltage D. C 9 cathode output ends are by the electrode high-voltage conducting wires 10 also ground connection that is connected with workpiece power-up device 11.

Because workpiece 4 areas are larger, L shaped needle electrode I 83 and the structure of workpiece 4 formation for plate.Thereby formed extremely inhomogeneous electric field (condition of corona discharge).What this static corona spraying adopted is multipole needle-discharging, because so each utmost point needle tip relative distance does not affect greatly mutual discharge inception voltage, but corona discharge occurs for they simultaneously, can increase dramatically electronics and the ion concentration between electrode and workpiece, thereby can increase the charged efficiency of droplet, and after their electric field is compound, the suffered electric field force of droplet also strengthens, and is more conducive to the directed movement of droplet.Due to the adjustable voltage scope of adjustable high voltage D. C 9 at 1KV between 150KV.Due to the ambient pressure that in working condition, pd > 26.66kpacm(p is operating mode, d is needle plate electrode spacing) thus we use streamer theory analysis and do not use the inferior theory of soup.

When add higher at L shaped needle electrode I 83 two ends but while not reaching the voltage puncturing, if near the electric field (internal field) electrode surface is very strong, near gas medium electrode can be produced corona discharge phenomenon by partial breakdown.Here the air pressure of gas is about 10 ⁵pa.When the radius of curvature of electrode is very little, because near the field intensity it is high especially, be easy to occur corona discharge.

In severe non-uniform electric field, before air gap is completely breakdown, near electrode, can there is corona discharge, produce lazuline halation.The discharge process that this special halation is electrode surface ionized region causes.Molecule in ionized region, ionizes under the effect of factor (as light source) and electric field outside, has produced and has excited, ionizes, and forms a large amount of electron avalanches.Also produce at the same time the reversible process that excites and ionize---compound.In recombination process, can produce light radiation, thereby form halation.Here it is corona.The current strength of corona discharge depends on applied voltage, electrode shape, anode-cathode distance, gas property and density etc.

When two interelectrode potential differences increase gradually by zero, there is at first noiseless non-self-maintained discharge, electric current is at this moment very faint, when voltage is increased to certain numerical value V _s, time, corona discharge has occurred.This voltage V _s, be called the late threshold voltage of discharge inception voltage or corona discharge, its magnitude numerical value by the unexpected increase of electric electrode current (from about 10 ^-14to 10 ^-6a) and in the appearance of the dim aura in the less electrode place of radius of curvature characterize.

The computing formula of threshold values field intensity is:

(E _r) _s＝E ₀mδ[1+K/(δr) ^1/2] （1）

(E in formula _r) _sfor threshold values field, E ₀=3100kV/m (the spark field intensity in uniform field when this value is equivalent under standard state that aerial discharge gap is lcm), m is a coefficient (0.6<m<l) of describing conductive surface state, the relative density that δ is air: δ=2.94 * 10 ^-3p/ (273+T) (P YiPaWei unit, works as P=101325Pa, in the time of T=25 ℃, and δ=1), K=3.08 * 10 ^-2m ^1/2, r is the radius of electrode tip.

For different curvature electrode, as for plate electrode, computing formula is:

${\left(E_r\right)}_s=E_0(1+\frac{K}{{(r/2)}^{1/2}})---\left(2\right)$

Here E ₀identical with formula (1) with the numerical value of K, m and δ are 1.Above formula is all suitable for the little negative electrode of radius of curvature or anode.

The calculating of threshold voltage:

(3) paraboloidal pin-plane clearance, the radius on pin top is r, and clearance distance is d, and V is the added virtual voltage of needle electrode, and the electric-field intensity along Li Zhen top, axle center, gap χ distance is:

$\mathrm{Ex}=\frac{2V}{(r+2x)1n[(r+2d)/r]}---\left(3\right)$

Threshold voltage is:

V _s＝(E _r) _s(r/2)ln[(r+2d)/r] （4）

For grinding machine processing operating mode, when the tip radius of L shaped needle electrode I 83 is 0.5mm, to be 20-30cm(fall into a decline when the effect of electric field force when being greater than 30cm die opening).According to formula (4), calculating discharge inception voltage scope is 15.3～16.2KV.

While making nozzle angle remain on 30 ° of nozzles and workpiece distance for 20cm while carrying out grinding, known nozzle and workpiece minimum range are 20sin30 °=10cm(nozzle and workpiece vertical range).When working environment air pressure p is 10 ⁵during the air of pa, table look-up known when d is 10cm spark breakdown voltage be 265KV, when d is 20cm, spark breakdown voltage is 510KV.Visible its spark breakdown voltage is very high.

Static drop atomization mechanism:

Electrostatic atomization is that electrostatic force overcomes surface tension of liquid, thereby cause liquid crushing, is the phenomenon of mist droplet.Due to corona discharge effect, under " surface action ", make drip gauge wear a large amount of same sex electric charges, increased liquid surface activity, top layer molecule is produced and align significantly, reduced surface tension.In the situation that droplet size is constant, along with quantities of charge increases, surface tension can reduce gradually, and the unstability of the water surface increases, and finally forms taylor cone.When capillary size is not enough to fetter liquid, under the liquid surface disturbance that liquid just can cause in the repulsive interaction between surperficial same sex electric charge and external force, form thin water silk, thin water silk is on the increase, and is finally broken for fine mist.The radius of curvature at the taylor cone tip that drop surface forms is around here less than the most advanced and sophisticated radius of curvature of electrode, therefore at taylor cone tip, formed stronger electric field, simultaneously because the quality of fluid molecule is much larger than air molecule quality, be easier to accumulate near corona zone, form the space electric field consistent with extra electric field, this ionization for corona zone is very favourable.The charged successful of visible electrostatic atomization corona charging is than the charged better effects if of conventional electrostatic corona discharge.

Between drop and gas around, have higher relative velocity, the division of drop is controlled by Pneumatic pressure, surface tension and viscous force.For the lower liquid of viscosity, the fragmentation of drop is mainly determined by Pneumatic pressure and surface tension.The large suffered Pneumatic pressure of drop is 0.5 ρ _gΔ V ², ρ wherein _gbe gas density, Δ V is gas-liquid relative velocity.Yet the cohesive force that surface tension produces is by the fragmentation that deforms of obstruction drop, cohesive force can be expressed as 4 σ/D, and σ is the intrinsic surface tension of liquid, and D is initial liquid drop diameter.

When liquid-drop diameter reduces, cohesive force strengthens, and when tension balance that cohesive force and Pneumatic pressure cause, it is stable that drop keeps, if both can not cancel each other, drop will be out of shape even broken.This principle of cohesive force balance that the tension producing according to the aerodynamic force acting on drop and surface tension produce, can draw a dimensionless number:

$\mathrm{We}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_g\mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}^{2}D}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}=8---\left(5\right)$

Thereby known when Weber number is greater than 8, drop is subject to force unbalance, deforms.According to (5), can obtain the maximum steady state liquid-drop diameter corresponding with Δ V in addition:

$D_{\max }=\frac{8\mathrm{\&sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&Delta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_g}---\left(6\right)$

Charged drop is under the effect of Coulomb repulsion, and surface tension dies down, and the surface tension value after dying down is:

${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^{\&prime;}=\mathrm{\&sigma;}-\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="q"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">q</figure-callout>}}^2}{64{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2\mathrm{\&epsiv;}{r}^3}---\left(7\right)$

Wherein r is droplet radius, the carrying capacity that q is drop, and ε is surrounding air dielectric constant.From formula, obviously can find out when carried charge q increases, surface tension just declines, and hence one can see that, and drop surface charge contributes to atomization.

Now the We of charged drop can be expressed as:

$\mathrm{We}=\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_g\mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}^{2}D}{\mathrm{\&sigma;}-\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="q"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">q</figure-callout>}}^2}{64{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2\mathrm{\&epsiv;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="r"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^3}}=\frac{128{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2\mathrm{\&epsiv;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="R"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^4{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_g\mathrm{\&Delta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2}{64{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^2\mathrm{\&epsiv;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="R"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^3\mathrm{\&sigma;}-q^2}---\left(8\right)$

From formula (8), in high velocity air, there is close relationship the fragmentation of charged drop and gas-liquid relative velocity, gas-liquid physical parameter and charging field.In addition, if drop reaches stable state in air-flow, on lotus after static, We number increases, and surface tension of liquid reduces, and is not enough to resisting pneumatic pressure, drop will further deform, fragmentation, so in the situation that gas-liquid parameter is identical, on lotus, after static, mist droplet particle size is less.This has just reached the object of refinement droplet particle, and the identical electric charge in drop surface, can guarantee that the distribution of drop is more even simultaneously.

The charging mechanism of drop:

When there is negative polarity corona discharge in the tip in L shaped needle electrode I 83, a large amount of ions can produced in corona zone, cation can move and electrical neutralization occurs to electrode cathode, and anion and electrons anode move, enter drift region, at drift region and droplet collision, be attached on drop, make drop become electric charge carrier, with having gone up the electric charge identical with polarity of electrode.

The carrying capacity computing formula of droplet corona charging is as follows:

$q=f[1+2\frac{k-1}{k+2}]4\mathrm{\&pi;}{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_0{\mathrm{Er}}^2---\left(9\right)$

In formula (9) $f=\frac{\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="NeKi"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">NeKi</figure-callout>}}{4{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_0}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="t\; NeKi"\; filenames="HDA0000428147300000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">t</figure-callout>}}{\frac{\mathrm{NeKi}}{}}---\left(10\right)$

Q---droplet carrying capacity, C;

K---droplet dielectric constant;

ε ₀---dielectric constant of air, is about 8.85 * 10 ^-12, c ²/ nm ²;

The electric-field intensity that E---corona discharge forms, V/m;

R---droplet radius, μ m;

N---charged ions concentration, population/m ²;

E---electron charge, 1.6 * 10 ^-19, C;

Ki---charged ions mobility, m ²/ (Vs);

T---charging holdup time, s.

From the droplet of nozzle ejection, under the effect of aerodynamic force and electric field force to workpiece accelerated motion, its speed greatly about 50m/s between 70m/s.Nozzle is that 20cm is to 30cm, so run duration is within 0.01s to the distance of workpiece.Yet the charged required time of droplet is only 10 ^-7s to 10 ^-6s, can guarantee from the mist of oil of nozzle ejection fully charged arriving workpiece.

When the droplet of nozzle ejection is by after charged, displacement under the effect of electric field force, makes the surface of the work that is covered in of its maximum.In charged process, because nanoparticle surface is larger, surface polarity is stronger, after charged, its charge-mass ratio is larger than the charge-mass ratio of droplet, so nano particle is tending towards more early arriving workpiece, cover oil film lower floor, can better utilize its desirable exchange capability of heat like this.In electrostatic field, have " static is encircled " effect, therefore working as droplet and nano particle is more easily to enter into workpiece to have certain roughness depression in the surface place to workpiece motion s, thereby has expanded relative area coverage, can play better lubricated and heat exchange effect.

According to Fig. 3, can find out, adjustable high voltage D. C 9 is comprised of self-maintained circuit, power amplification circuit, high-frequency impulse stepup transformer, voltage doubling rectifing circuit, direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1 and direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2 and constant current automatic control circuit.Its operation principle is input termination AC power, and direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1 and direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2 provide DC voltage.Direct-flow voltage regulation unit V1 is as the operating voltage of self-maintained circuit.Direct-flow voltage regulation unit V2 is the main energy sources of power transfer, high-frequency impulse stepup transformer obtains high-pressure electrostatic through voltage doubling rectifing circuit rectification, main pulse signal is obtained by self-maintained circuit, after power amplification circuit amplifies, under the boosting of high-frequency impulse stepup transformer, final output high-voltage signal, thereby through voltage doubling rectifing circuit output high direct voltage.

The feature of this power supply is to produce higher electrostatic high-pressure, and supply current is small, is generally no more than 500 μ A.Constant current automatic control circuit is the static operating current sampling to voltage doubling rectifing circuit automatically, when constant current, when workload normally strengthens, can not cause the rising of operating current.When outer load surpasses permission electric current, self-maintained circuit is stopped shake, and high pressure is cut off, this specific character is reliably to operating personnel's safety, once approach or touch high-pressure side, the shock current causing is very faint, block High voltage output, so can not be in peril of one's life simultaneously.

In order further to increase the controllability of micro lubricating, usually adopt and increase the charged efficiency that electric-field intensity increases electrostatic spray micro lubricating, increase the carrying capacity of particulate.But be subject to the restriction of breakdown voltage, can not unconfined raising electric-field intensity, and improve electric-field intensity and can cause larger power consumption.In the situation that voltage is constant, the utility model adopts the method in increase magnetic field, electrode both sides to increase discharge current, thereby increases the charged efficiency to particulate.The size of the current increases of discharging in externally-applied magnetic field situation is mainly to be determined by the average magnetic density in corona zone, irrelevant with the magnetic field intensity of non-corona zone, so the setting in magnetic field should be in both sides, corona zone.In the electric field of traditional electrical corona, free electron moves along electric field line direction under the effect of Coulomb force, and in the situation that magnetic strengthens corona discharge, under the acting in conjunction of Coulomb force and Lorentz force, free electron has formed Rameau motion.The helix that the movement locus of free electron is thickened by original straight line, the centre of gyration of helix is perpendicular to power line and the magnetic line of force, due to free electron meeting and air molecule and micro lubricating grinding fluid particulate generation elasticity and inelastic collision in motion, this just makes the movement locus of free electron become particularly complicated, but no matter the concrete movement locus of free electron is any shape, while comparing the corona discharge under magnetic fields with traditional electrical corona in a word, the movement locus of free electron has been extended.That is to say because free electron has been done Rameau motion, the probability of free electron and air molecule and micro lubricating grinding fluid particle collision obviously increases, thereby makes electron avalanche more violent, and air ionization strengthens, and makes particulate charged more abundant.

In corona zone, the power of degree of ionization is determined by two factors, one is the average energy of free electron, another is that the collision of free electron is number of times, when if the energy of free electron is less than minimum ionization energy, no matter free electron generation how many times touches in the constant situation of magnetic field intensity, the radius of gyration that increases electric-field intensity free electron can increase, thereby reduced hitting of free electron, can not cause ionization, if free electron energy is very high, but collision frequency and when few, ionization also can be very faint.Therefore at collision probability, known free electron is in corona zone and the relative growth of collision frequency of air molecule and changing in the opposite direction of the average free energy of free electron, so a maximum of relative growth existence of discharge current.The application in magnetic field can make negative corona discharge discharge inception voltage decrease, when reason is negative corona discharge, the free electron corona zone that flies out rapidly under the effect of Coulomb force, because the quality of free electron and cation differs greatly, so when free electron flies out corona zone, cation is not almost moved, and is accumulated near corona zone.By magnetic fields, in corona zone, around time, due to free electron and the increase of air molecule collision probability, so have more cation, be accumulated near corona zone.Near corona zone, the space charge field direction of cation is consistent with extra electric field direction, has strengthened the electric field in corona zone, makes ionization more violent, has also reduced discharge inception voltage simultaneously.

As fully visible, the electrostatic atomization micro lubricating of externally-applied magnetic field, is the combination of atomizing corona electric discharge and magnetic field corona discharge, can further increase discharge current, strengthens charged effect, reduces discharge inception voltage.

Claims (10)

1. a magnetic strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, it comprises:

Outside is provided with the nozzle (12) of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device;

Nozzle (12) is connected with nano particle liquid-supplying system, air supply system;

HVDC electrostatic generator is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C (9), the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C (9) with for be attached to workpiece (4) not the workpiece power-up device (11) of finished surface be connected, thereby form the form of negative corona discharge;

Corona zone at static discharge is around magnetic field forming device;

Grinding nanometer fluid liquid is charged and be admitted to grinding area to drop under the effect of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device when shower nozzle (18) ejection of nozzle (12) is atomized into drop.

2. magnetic as claimed in claim 1 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described HVDC electrostatic generator is arranged on magnetic field forming device, and magnetic field forming device is arranged on nozzle (12).

3. magnetic as claimed in claim 2 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described magnetic field forming device is by the identical structure of two covers, the fixed head (71) that middle part by is separately semi arch is fixed in the draw-in groove (29) of nozzle (12) near shower nozzle (18) position periphery, and two fixed heads (71) link together; Every nested structure includes:

Determine plate (45) for one, a moving plate (46), both are hinged, determine plate (45) top and be provided with T shape chute (56), it is upper that angular adjustment fixed mechanism one end is fixed on moving plate (46), and the other end is flexibly connected with T shape chute (56), carries out angle adjustment fixing;

On moving plate (46), be provided with magnetic holder (52), magnetic holder is provided with magnetic element in (52), and magnetic holder (52) top is provided with electrode chuck (51), and HVDC electrostatic generator is arranged on electrode chuck (51);

Described HVDC electrostatic generator is some L shaped needle electrode I (8), and described L shaped needle electrode I (83) middle part is provided with rubber stopper (82), and afterbody is provided with conductor interface (84); Electrode chuck (51) one sides at magnetic field forming device are provided with a plurality of electrode slots (68), at electrode chuck (51) opposite side, be provided with wire groove (70), described electrode slot (68) is communicated with described wire groove (70), and conductor interface (84) is positioned at described wire groove (70) and is connected with electrode high-voltage conducting wires (10);

Described shower nozzle (18) is flat fan, at flat fan shower nozzle (18) inner surface, is semielliptical or hemisphere face; On the top of semielliptical, open a V-shaped groove, V-shaped groove two inclined-planes pass through mutually and form long and narrow spout about nozzle (12) axis symmetry and with semiellipse ball.

4. magnetic as claimed in claim 1 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described HVDC electrostatic generator is that a part for shower nozzle (18) forms, and magnetic field forming device is arranged on nozzle (12);

Described magnetic field forming device is by the identical structure of two covers, and the fixed head (71) that the middle part by is separately semi arch is fixed in the draw-in groove (29) of nozzle (12) near shower nozzle (18) position periphery, and two fixed heads (71) link together; Every nested structure includes:

Determine plate (45) for one, a moving plate (46), both are hinged, determine plate (45) top and be provided with T shape chute (56), it is upper that angular adjustment fixed mechanism one end is fixed on moving plate (46), and the other end is flexibly connected with T shape chute (56), carries out angle adjustment fixing;

On moving plate (46), be provided with magnetic holder (52), magnetic holder is provided with magnetic element in (52), and magnetic holder (52) top is provided with electrode chuck (51);

Described shower nozzle (18) is divided into two parts sprayer body (111) and electrode nozzle I (112), sprayer body (111) and electrode nozzle I (112) are threaded, sprayer body (111) is made by ceramic material, electrode nozzle I (112) is made as HVDC electrostatic generator by the material of sparking electrode, and the exit of electrode nozzle I (112) is thinner is 0.3-1.2mm, in electrode nozzle I (112), be provided with wire connecting ring I (113) for connecting electrode high-voltage conducting wires (10).

5. the magnetic as described in claim 3 or 4 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described angular adjustment fixture comprises an angle orientation ring (47), above it, be provided with arc chute (75), angle orientation ring (47) is fixedly connected with moving plate (46), the detent mechanism that arc chute (75) consists of slide block screw rod (50) and nut (53) is flexibly connected with determining plate (45), carries out angle adjustment and fixing; Described magnetic element is permanent magnet or electromagnet; When adopting electromagnet, magnetic holder (52) trailing flank is provided with electromagnet metallic channel (67), electromagnet with by electromagnet wire (14), be connected with the adjustable power supply of electromagnet (15).

6. magnetic as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described nozzle (12) comprises mixing chamber (16), and mixing chamber (16) two ends are tightly connected with air injection pipe (17) and shower nozzle (18) respectively; In mixing chamber (16), be divided into admission chamber (25) and hybrid chamber (26), by dish type feed liquor plug (22), separated between the two, on feed liquor plug (22), be provided with a plurality of inlet openings; Air injection pipe (17) front portion that is positioned at hybrid chamber (26) is provided with a plurality of injecting holes, and injecting hole is arranged evenly with two groups of relative helix forms; Between hybrid chamber (26) and shower nozzle (18), be provided with taper accelerating sections (27).

7. a magnetic strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, it comprises:

Inside is provided with HVDC electrostatic generator and thereby magnetic field forming device forms one nozzle (110);

One nozzle (110) is connected with nano particle liquid-supplying system, air supply system;

HVDC electrostatic generator is connected with the negative pole of adjustable high voltage D. C (9), the positive pole of adjustable high voltage D. C (9) with for be attached to workpiece (4) not the workpiece power-up device (11) of finished surface be connected, thereby form the form of negative corona discharge;

Corona zone at static discharge arranges magnetic field forming device around;

Grinding nanometer fluid liquid is charged and be admitted to grinding area to drop under the effect of HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device when one nozzle (110) ejection is atomized into drop.

8. magnetic as claimed in claim 7 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described one nozzle (110) comprises one nozzle body (85), its inside is provided with one nozzle gas injection passage (86), one nozzle gas injection tube wall (100) bottom of one nozzle gas injection passage (86) is provided with some injecting holes, and is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber (92);

The one nozzle fluid injection chamber (90) that described one nozzle body (85) is communicated with one nozzle reservoir channel (88) in addition; Described one nozzle fluid injection chamber (90) is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber (92) by one nozzle throttle orifice (91); In one nozzle hybrid chamber (92) bottom, it is one nozzle fan nozzle outlet (94);

In described one nozzle fan nozzle outlet (94) bottom, be one injector electrode groove (96), one injector electrode groove (96) bottom is one nozzle magnetic holder (97); HVDC electrostatic generator and magnetic field forming device are placed in respectively in one injector electrode groove (96) and one nozzle magnetic holder (97).

9. magnetic as claimed in claim 7 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described one nozzle (110) comprises one nozzle body (85), its inside is provided with one nozzle gas injection passage (86), one nozzle gas injection tube wall (100) bottom of one nozzle gas injection passage (86) is provided with some injecting holes, and is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber (92);

The one nozzle fluid injection chamber (90) that described one nozzle body (85) is communicated with one nozzle reservoir channel (88) in addition; Described one nozzle fluid injection chamber (90) is communicated with one nozzle hybrid chamber (92) by one nozzle throttle orifice (91); In one nozzle hybrid chamber (92) bottom, be sprayer body (111) and electrode nozzle II (114), sprayer body (111) and electrode nozzle II (114) are threaded; In electrode nozzle II (114), be provided with wire connecting ring II (116) and be connected with electrode high-voltage conducting wires (10), as HVDC electrostatic generator;

In described electrode nozzle II (114) bottom, it is one nozzle magnetic holder (97); Magnetic field forming device is placed in one nozzle magnetic holder (97);

Described HVDC electrostatic generator comprises: circular electrode dish (101), on circular electrode dish (101), be provided with annular electrode cable standing groove (107), and spaced a plurality of needle electrode draw-in grooves (106);

In electrode cable standing groove (107), be also provided with electrode cable through hole (105), electrode high-voltage conducting wires (10) picks out by one injector electrode lead channels (95) and picks out one nozzle (100) outside;

L shaped needle electrode II (102) inserts in needle electrode draw-in groove (106);

Described magnetic field forming device comprises:

Magnet (103), it is placed in one nozzle magnetic holder (97), by positioning chuck (104) location, is provided with magnet baffle plate (109) on positioning chuck (104);

Described magnet (103) is permanent magnet or electromagnet, if electromagnetism iron rule electromagnet wire (14) picks out via one nozzle electromagnet lead channels (98).

10. magnetic as claimed in claim 7 strengthens the controlled micro lubricating grinding equipment that transports of nano particle jet under electric field, it is characterized in that, described workpiece power-up device (11) is comprised of workpiece power-up device insulation shell (77), foundary weight (78), compression permanent magnet (79), holddown spring (80); Compressing permanent magnet (79) is arranged on workpiece power-up device insulation shell (77), foundary weight (78) is penetrated and is arranged on workpiece power-up device insulation shell (77) middle part by holddown spring (80), and the end of exposing workpiece power-up device insulation shell (77) is provided with wire connecting ring (81) and split pin slot (76).

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