CN203551769U - Multi-target three dimensional ultrasonic tracking positioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multi-target three dimensional ultrasonic tracking positioning system, and specifically relates to the ultrasonic propagation time delay TOA multi-target three dimensional ultrasonic tracking positioning system and method using infrared signals as time base; the positioning system comprises an emission assembly, a reception assembly, and a signal processing and display assembly; the positioning method uses the infrared signal as time base, and frequency division multiplexing of the infrared signal and an ultrasonic signal is carried out to realize multi-target division; a method of combining a trap filter circuit with a digital filter is employed to isolate ultrasonic signals of different targets; automatic gain is employed to complete far-near positioning seamless switching of the target, thereby realizing high precision multi-target three dimensional ultrasonic tracking positioning in real time. The advantages are that no interference is generated among targets; the system is high in precision, simple in network protocol, simple and highly effective in algorithm, and can be widely applied in small size portable embedded equipment in education, entertainment and medical fields.

Description

Multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system, be specifically related to a kind of take infrared signal as time base multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system and the method for transonic time delay TOA.

Background technology

In recent years, along with rise and the development of virtual reality technology, people were also more and more to user's demand for experience of man-machine interaction product.Location technology is as the basis of human-computer interaction technology, and the technical indicators such as its degree of accuracy, real-time and anti-interference also more and more come into one's own.At present, there is multiple location technology solution both at home and abroad, as infrared location technology, magnetic tracking, vision location technology and ultrasound wave location technology etc., practical product has the Leap Motion etc. of the WiiHe Leap company of the Kinect of Microsoft, Nintendo Co..

Infrared location technology is the infrared-ray of infrared ray IR identification transmissions modulation, through optical sensor, receives and positions, and is easily subject to the impact of barrier and light, also has certain limitation simultaneously in positioning precision.Magnetic tracking is by setting up a specific field region, then utilizes magnetic sensors to obtain Magnetic Field and positions, and it is very responsive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and magnetic metal, needs to revise, and system delay is large.Vision location technology is applied more extensive in product, adopts multichannel camera (color camera, the degree of depth are made a video recording first-class) to carry out target image information collection more, obtains after treatment target information, and it is had relatively high expectations to processor.

Localization by ultrasonic technology is from transmitter (transmitter is fixed on target to be positioned), to be issued to by measuring ultrasound wave time of arrival (TOA) or the time of arrival poor (TDOA) that receiver reception is experienced, thereby calculates the position at target to be positioned place.Localization by ultrasonic technology is as a kind of contactless detection mode, extensive application in location technology.Compare with other several localization methods, localization by ultrasonic has the advantage of following several respects:

(1) ultrasonic signal is easy to directional transmissions, and good directionality can be controlled intensity size;

(2) ultrasonic signal velocity of propagation is little, target that can track and localization close together, and resolution is high;

(3) ultrasonic disturb to external world (illuminance, color etc.) are insensitive, can adapt to dark, have dust, smog,

Poisonous, to have electromagnetic interference (EMI) test environment;

(4) sonac is simple in structure, cost performance is high, is easy to miniaturization and integrated.

At present, the localization method of localization by ultrasonic technology mainly can be divided into three kinds, the localization method of poor TDOA of the localization method of the localization method of the arrival angle AOA based on positioning signal (Angle Of Arrival), TOA time of arrival based on positioning signal (Time Of Arrival) and the time of arrival based on positioning signal (Time Difference Of Arrival).

AOA localization method needs modelled signal receiving array, thereby measures the phase differential of signal, calculates direction of arrival, according to the intersection point of direction vector, realizes location, implements more complicated.TDOA localization method does not need synchronizing signal, has higher positioning precision yet, but need to solve nonlinear equation, and computation complexity is relatively high, can affect the real-time of positioning system, is unfavorable for applying in embedded system.TOA localization method needs strict synchronizing signal, and computation complexity is low, only needs three Mike's receivers just can position.

In needing the positioning system of synchronizing signal, as the synchronizing signal of time reference, mostly be infrared signal and radiofrequency signal.Radiofrequency signal has penetrable barrier, direction-free advantage, but its hardware device cost is relatively high.Infrared signal, in communication process, is easily subject to the impact of barrier, need in certain angle, communicate by letter, but its cost is low, hardware circuit is simple, can be by a plurality of emitting head solution party tropisms' problem.Infrared signal mainly contains time division multiplex, frequency division multiplexing and three kinds of communication modes of code division multiplexing.Time division multiplex needs the strict multiple signals of controlling in launch time and transmitting cycle; Code division multiplexing can be distinguished multiple signals by the mode of coding, but when multiple signals are launched, between having, disturbs; Frequency division multiplexing requires low to transmitting, can launch simultaneously, and communication protocol is simple.

The separation of multi-frequency signal, the most frequently used solution is wave filter.Press band connection frequency and distinguish, can be divided into low pass, high pass, band is logical and band resistance; By filter form, distinguish, can be divided into analog filter and digital filter.Analog filter can be divided into again Chebyshev's type, Butterworth type, ellipse etc., its advantage is settling signal filtering fast, by simple Devices such as electric capacity, resistance and inductance, just can build, but the filter effect of low order analog filter is poor, and the more difficult realization of high-order analog filter.Digital filter can be divided into finite impulse response filter and infinite impulse response filter again, its advantage is can be by the parameter of MATLAB tool design arbitrary order wave filter, also can be to filtering characteristic emulation, but the filtering time can increase along with the increase of exponent number.

Trapper is as a kind of special rejection filter, it is a kind of resonant circuit or a kind of inductor of automatic switch, in antenna works, can apply it according to the frequency of signal, the length of automatic shortening or extension antenna, be used in the signal of filtering unwanted frequency on circuit, its resonance frequency is exactly to want the frequency of filtering.Can apply other echo signals of trapper filtering, realize the separation of different target.

Nowadays, various location technology develop rapidlys, existing two-dimensional localization technology and Related product can not meet people's needs, and the three-dimensional man-machine interactive product with stronger feeling of immersion and sense naturally could adapt to the demand in market.Current three-dimensional localization techniques is orientated master as mainly with vision, and three-dimensional ultrasonic location technology has following drawback: (1) real-time is poor; (2) multiple goal real-time tracing is difficult to realize; (3) position system function is simple; (4) positioning precision and orientation range are limited.Therefore, research multiple goal three-D ultrasonic locator key technology, design have high-precision multiple goal three-D ultrasonic real-time follow-up positioning system, not only can bring technical breakthrough, also can bring huge economic benefit and social benefit.

Ultrasound wave location, as a kind of location technology of advantages, receives publicity always.Gregory Fraser Russell is being entitled as the U.S. Patent No. US6 of " for the digitizer pen of ultrasonic tracking ", 703, in 570, mentioned a kind of digital pen that utilizes localization by ultrasonic, by pen, to receiver, launch ultrasound wave sequence, receptacle feeds back infrared signal after receiving ultrasound wave, obtains the time of arrival (TOA) of a plurality of ultrasonic pulses, on average obtains the time of each ultrasonic pulse, then by geometry, calculate the position of pen, thereby be input in hand-written module.This patent combines infrared signal and ultrasonic signal, utilizes TOA method to realize the typing of high precision among a small circle of digital pen, but does not solve the problem of localization by ultrasonic and multiple goal location in three dimensions.

Jonathan D.Sieber is being entitled as " ultrasonic tracker " United States Patent (USP) NO.US4,980, in 871, localization by ultrasonic is followed the tracks of and is used in the shooting of camera, target is with ultrasonic transmitter, and the ultrasonic signal that the generation cycle is little, is furnished with three Mike Mike receivers on camera, be distributed in three in four corners of camera lens axis, the ultrasonic signal of captured target, when target moves, camera is adjusted shooting angle automatically according to target position information.This patent has realized the location of single goal in three dimensions and has followed the tracks of, but still has the problem of multiple goal and precision.

Wayne L.Smith, is being entitled as " the ultrasonic tracing-positioning system of three-dimensional digital " United States Patent (USP) NO.US5, has mentioned multiple goal 3 D ultrasound system in 515,853.It utilizes high-frequency counter to divide instrument as target area, and ultrasonic employing time division multiplexing mode, regularly transmits simultaneously, and three targets on health are followed the tracks of in location.This patent has realized the three-D ultrasonic location of three targets, but high-frequency counter is not communication, adopts time division multiplexing mode, and it is also limited that localizing objects is followed the tracks of number, in fact not locates a plurality of targets simultaneously, but timesharing location single target.

Summary of the invention

The utility model provides a kind of multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system, and to solve, current multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system positioning precision is low, real-time is poor, degree of stability is not high, algorithm is complicated and be not suitable for being embedded into the problem in portable equipment.

The scheme that the utility model is taked is: comprising:

Emitting module, comprise a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters and infrared transmitter, each ultrasonic transmitter and an infrared transmitter are combined into a sub-transmitter, every sub-transmitter is installed in different targets, ultrasonic and the infrared signal for the transmitting in cycle, the transmitting cycle is controlled by simple microprocessor, the cycle of signal transmitting is 24ms, and the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different ultrasonic signal emitters and Infrared Projector transmitting has different frequency, the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two target transmittings is at least 15KHz, can distribute by unequal interval.The frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two target transmittings is at least 18KHz, can distribute by unequal interval.As the frequency of ultrasonic signal can be respectively 25KHz, 41KHz, 58KHz, 73KHz etc., the frequency of infrared signal can be respectively 20KHz, 38KHz, 58KHz, 79KHz etc.

Receiving unit, comprise ultrasonic receiving unit and infrared receiving unit, wherein ultrasonic receiving unit comprises three ultrasonic signal reception & disposal unit, in the ultrasonic signal that receives and process described transmitter unit transmitting, infrared receiving unit comprises a plurality of infrared reception & disposals unit, for receiving and process the infrared signal of described transmitter unit transmitting.Three ultrasonic signal reception & disposal unit are positioned at leg-of-mutton three summits, and leg-of-mutton shape and size do not require restriction, and a plurality of infrared reception & disposals unit is positioned at triangle.Preferred distribution scheme is that equilateral triangle distributes, and three receiving elements are positioned at three summits of equilateral triangle, and infrared reception & disposal unit is positioned at equilateral triangle inside.Three ultrasonic reception & disposal unit all comprise can cover Mike's receiver of a plurality of frequencies and identical ultrasonic signal treatment circuit, and the treatment circuit of ultrasonic signal comprises low noise filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, notch filter circuit and automatic gain control circuit.Trapper is characterised in that the double-T shaped rejection filter that adopts positive feedback, and according to RC resonance, signal that can filtering fixed frequency, realizes the separation of a plurality of targets; Automatic gain control circuit is characterised in that the amplifying circuit adopting based on AD603 combines with backfeed loop, processor is according to the amplitude that receives ultrasonic signal, give ADG1 pin low and high level signal, thereby regulate ultrasonic signal enlargement factor, the far and near seamless switching of realize target.The infrared receiving terminal that comprises multi-frequency in infrared reception & disposal unit and identical peripheral processes circuit, realize a minute compression functions.

Signal is processed and display module, control module and LCD display unit, consists of.Control module is comprised of multi-channel A/D sample circuit, storer, processor and peripheral circuit.The functions such as the interior integrated automatic gain of processor, digital filter, time delay extraction and coordinate calculating.Digital filter adopts Chebyshev's II bandpass filter, although trapper can be realized the differentiation of different frequency ultrasonic signal, but still there is the interference of other frequency ultrasonic signal of certain amplitude, therefore adopt digital filter to carry out the remaining ultrasonic signal of filtering, the mode that the utility model adopts the notch filter circuit of simulation to combine with digital filter, the thoroughly signal of filtering unwanted frequency.Processor will meet processing speed and functional requirement, can be the chips such as DSP and ARM.Digital filter in control module and calculating display algorithm are simply effective, and processor can complete row number processing within the less clock period and coordinate calculates and send coordinate to LCD display unit.LCD display unit drives chip and LCD display to form by LCD, at three dimensions display-object motion track.

The multiple goal of describing according to first aspect of the utility model refers to that tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, because the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different ultrasonic signal emitters and Infrared Projector transmitting has different frequency, the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two target transmittings is at least 15KHz, can distribute by unequal interval; The frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two target transmittings is at least 18KHz, can distribute by unequal interval.

The utlity model has following advantage:

1, take infrared signal as time-base signal, the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic of the TOA of employing based on time delay, according to the geometry site between reception & disposal unit, carry out position calculation, can reduce the complexity that time delay is extracted and position coordinates calculates, improve system accuracy and real-time etc.

2, adopt infrared frequency multiplexing technique, a plurality of targets of identification that can fast and reliable, determine that each target starts to launch the moment of ultrasonic signal.Adopt ultrasonic frequency multiplexing technique, simply efficiently separate targets ultrasonic signal.Both combine, and can realize between multiple goal and effectively distinguishing.

3, in ultrasonic signal receiving unit, apply three reception & disposal unit target is carried out to position tracking, can reduce a plurality of reception & disposals unit redundant information that reception & disposal ultrasonic signal brings simultaneously, therefore can effectively improve arithmetic speed.

4, ultrasonic signal receiving sensor adopts Mike's receiver to replace ultrasonic signal receiving sensor device, because Mike's receiver covers very wide frequency band, can reduce the quantity of sensor, significantly simplify ultrasonic signal treatment circuit, reduces the cost simultaneously.

5, in infrared signal receiving unit, apply infrared integrated Receiver infrared signal is carried out to reception & disposal, this infrared receiving terminal integrates the functions such as reception, amplification, filtering, replace infrared receiving processing circuit can reduce the complexity of receiving circuit, improve stability and the jamproof ability of system simultaneously.

6, adopt double-T shaped positive feedback notch filter circuit to realize the separated of multiple ultrasonic signal with the mode that Chebyshev's II digital filter combines, can make up the deficiency of simulation trapper trap effect, also can reduce the processing delay that simple NEURAL DISCHARGE BY DIGITAL FILTER is brought, improve processing speed simultaneously.In receiving circuit, adopt automatic gain control circuit, the seamless switching of location, can realize target far and near position, improves positioning precision.

8, multiple goal identification problem is realized by hardware circuit, and the system single target localization time is short, can be embedded in portable equipment.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the entire block diagram of the utility model system;

Figure 1A is the internal frame diagram of the utility model system;

Figure 1B is the composition frame chart of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and infrared signal receiving unit;

Fig. 2 A is the theory diagram of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and infrared signal emitting module;

Fig. 2 B is the theory diagram of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and infrared signal receiving unit;

Fig. 4 is the transmitting sequential chart with different frequency characteristic of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and Infrared Projector transmitting;

Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracking and positioning of the present utility model;

Fig. 6 is the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic principle schematic based on TOA of the present utility model;

Fig. 7 A is the fundamental diagram of the trapper that the utility model proposes;

Fig. 7 B is the circuit diagram of the trapper that the utility model proposes;

Fig. 8 is the analogous diagram of bandpass filter of the 40KHz of application MATLAB design;

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram that the automatic gain that the utility model proposes is controlled.

Embodiment

Multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system, comprising:

Emitting module, comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transmitters and infrared transmitter, for transmitting ultrasonic signal and the infrared signal in cycle, they is arranged on respectively in a plurality of targets, and ultrasonic and infrared signal adopts the mode of frequency division multiplexing to realize the differentiation of a plurality of targets;

Receiving unit, comprise ultrasonic receiving unit and infrared receiving unit, wherein ultrasonic receiving unit comprises three ultrasonic signal reception & disposal unit, for receiving and process the ultrasonic signal of the transmitter unit transmitting of book, infrared receiving unit comprises a plurality of infrared reception & disposals unit, for receiving and process the infrared signal of described transmitter unit transmitting.Three ultrasonic reception & disposal unit are positioned at leg-of-mutton three summits, and leg-of-mutton shape and size do not require restriction; A plurality of infrared reception & disposals unit is positioned at triangle inside;

Signal is processed and display module, comprises control module and LCD display unit, for automatic gain, enables, responds infrared signal, the ultrasonic signal of sampling, extracts ultrasonic time delay, calculating and demonstration localizing objects position.Control module is comprised of multi-channel A/D sample circuit, storer, processor and peripheral circuit.Be directed to the selection problem of chip, A/D chip should be selected the chip that sample rate is fast, sampling precision is high and sampling channel is many, and sample frequency is greater than the more than ten times of ultrasonic signal, and sampling precision is wanted more than 10; Main control chip should be selected DSP or the ARM of frequency of operation more than 100MHz, in the monocycle, can complete a multiplication or once take advantage of add best.Digital filter in control module and to calculate display algorithm simply effective, processor can row number be processed and coordinate calculates and send coordinate to LCD display unit completing in the cycle compared with short-range clock.LCD display unit drives chip and LCD display to form by LCD.For different needs, select applicable LCD display and drive chip, as three-dimensional coordinate that can simple displaying target, also can be in three dimensions display-object motion track etc.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: in receiving unit, the preferred version of ultrasonic receiving element and infrared receiver position is the summit that three ultrasonic receiving elements are distributed in equilateral triangle, and infrared reception & disposal unit is positioned at equilateral triangle inside.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: in ultrasonic receiving unit, three ultrasound wave reception & disposal unit all comprise and can cover Mike's receiver of a plurality of frequencies and identical ultrasonic signal processing section, and the processing of ultrasonic signal comprises low noise filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, trapper filtering and automatic gain control circuit; In infrared receiving unit, comprise the infrared receiving terminal of multi-frequency and identical peripheral processes circuit.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: the notch filter circuit in receiving unit is characterised in that the double-T shaped rejection filter that adopts positive feedback, and according to RC resonance, signal that can filtering fixed frequency, realizes the separation of a plurality of target ultrasonic signals; Automatic gain control circuit in receiving unit is characterised in that the amplifying circuit adopting based on AD603 combines with backfeed loop, processor is according to the amplitude that receives ultrasonic signal, give ADG1 pin low and high level signal, thereby regulate ultrasonic signal enlargement factor, the far and near seamless switching of realize target.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: signal process with display module in digital filter, the mode that it is characterized in that adopting the notch filter circuit of simulation to combine with digital filter, the thoroughly signal of filtering unwanted frequency.Although trapper can be realized the differentiation of different frequency ultrasonic signal, but still there is the interference of other frequency ultrasonic signal of certain amplitude, can design Chebyshev's II type bandpass filter by MATLAB, again filter parameter is loaded in corresponding processor (ARM, DSP etc.) to the remaining ultrasonic signal of filtering.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: multiple goal refers to that tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, because the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different ultrasonic signal emitters and Infrared Projector transmitting has different frequency, the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two target transmittings will be at least 15KHz, can distribute by unequal interval, as being respectively 25KHz, 41KHz, 58KHz, 73KHz etc., the frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two target transmittings is at least 18KHz, can distribute by unequal interval, as being respectively 20KHz, 38KHz, 58KHz, 79KHz etc.

A multiple goal three-D ultrasonic method for tracking and positioning, comprises the following steps:

1) ultrasonic signal transmitter and the Infrared Projector of different frequency are mated mutually, be arranged on different target, the ultrasonic and infrared signal for the transmitting in cycle, the infrared signal of different frequency is as the time-base signal of respective objects.

2) the Mike's receiver in each ultrasonic signal reception & disposal unit is for receiving the ultrasonic signal of above-mentioned ultrasonic transmitter transmitting, and the infrared receiving terminal in infrared reception & disposal unit is for the infrared signal of reception & disposal infrared transmitter transmitting.

3) in ultrasound wave reception & disposal unit, first utilize low noise filtering and amplifying circuit process and amplify receiving faint ultrasonic signal low noise, pass through notch filter circuit again, it is carried out to trapper filtering, the ultrasonic signal of different frequency is finally sent in different A/D passages.

4) when the target ultrasonic signal amplitude fading receiving is greater than 70%, by processor, control and start automatic gain control circuit, increase enlargement factor, the seamless switching of realize target distance.

5) whether control module regularly detects has fresh target to enter, and when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, starts the ultrasonic signal sampling to coupling target frequency.Because the speed of infrared light is approximately the light velocity, therefore receive the moment of infrared signal, can be used as the moment that ultrasonic signal starts transmitting.

6) after control module finishes ultrasonic signal sampling, by inner Chebyshev II type digital filter, the ultrasonic signal of other target frequencies of filtering impact location, final acquisition only comprises the ultrasonic signal of target to be positioned.

7) through after digital filter, by zero passage detection method, data analysis after ultrasonic signal sampling is processed, obtain the time delay that ultrasonic signal arrives, thereby can calculate the distance that target arrives each Mike's receiver, finally utilize the geometric relationship in three dimensions, obtain target location.

8) transmission objectives three-dimensional space position coordinate time between LCD demonstration and control module increases respectively character X, Y, Z before each axial coordinate of XYZ, guarantees real-time and the infallibility of target location three-dimensional coordinate transmission.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: the notch filter circuit in receiving unit is characterized in that adopting the double-T shaped rejection filter of positive feedback, according to RC resonance and positive feedback principle, signal that can filtering resonant frequency point place, has realized the separation of a plurality of targets; The automatic gain control circuit that said method is described, it is characterized in that can be according to the amplitude adjusted enlargement factor of the signal receiving, thus the far and near seamless switching of realize target.

A kind of embodiment of the present utility model is: the mode that the notch filter circuit of employing simulation combines with digital filter, the thoroughly signal of filtering unwanted frequency.Although trapper can be realized the differentiation of different frequency ultrasonic signal, but still there is the interference of other frequency ultrasonic signal of certain amplitude, can design Chebyshev's II type bandpass filter by MATLAB, again filter parameter is loaded in corresponding processor (ARM, DSP etc.) to the remaining ultrasonic signal of filtering.

The multiple goal of describing according to said method refers to that tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, because the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different ultrasonic signal emitters and Infrared Projector transmitting has different frequency, the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two target transmittings will be at least 15KHz, can distribute by unequal interval, as being respectively 25KHz, 41KHz, 58KHz, 73KHz etc., the frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two target transmittings is at least 18KHz, can distribute by unequal interval, as being respectively 20KHz, 38KHz, 58KHz, 79KHz etc.

Below by reference to the accompanying drawings and instantiation the utility model is described further.

Fig. 1 shows the entire block diagram of the multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system 100 the utility model proposes.This system is processed with LCD and is shown that 104 form by emitting module 101, ultrasonic receiving unit 102, infrared receiving unit 103 and signal.With further reference to Figure 1A and Figure 1B, wherein emitting module comprises a plurality of ultrasonic signals and Infrared Projector 101-1,101-2..., 101-N, receiving unit comprises that ultrasonic signal receiving unit 102 and infrared receiving unit 103 form, ultrasonic receiving unit 102 comprises three ultrasonic signal receiving element 102-1,102-2,102-3, infrared receiving unit 103 comprises a plurality of infrared signal receiving element 103-1,103-2..., 103-N, and each ultrasonic signal receiving element and infrared receiver are positioned on LCD screen 104.Wherein said three ultrasonic receiving element 102-1,102-2,102-3 and infrared receiver 103-1,103-2..., 103-N are distributing for how much of certain rule, shown in Figure 1B, it is characterized in that, three receivers are positioned at leg-of-mutton three summits, and infrared receiver 103-1,103-2..., 103-N are positioned at triangle.In specific embodiments, preferred distribution scheme is that three ultrasonic receiving element 102-1,102-2,102-3 are positioned on LCD screen 104, in three summits of equilateral triangle, a plurality of infrared receiver 103-1,103-2..., 103-N are positioned at equilateral triangle.

Fig. 2 A shows according to the theory diagram of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and infrared signal transmitting.Have N transmitting subelement, each transmitting subelement 101-k represents the ultrasonic and infrared signal of the transmitting corresponding frequencies in target k cycle.101-k in each transmitting subelement, comprises and carries out signal emission sensor that the single-chip microcomputer, power supply, oscillator, ultrasonic signal of core operation and the driving circuit of infrared signal sensor and corresponding frequency are f etc.These assemblies are the conventional assemblies of those skilled in the art, therefore, repeat no more here.

Fig. 2 B shows according to the theory diagram of ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and infrared signal receiving unit.According to the utility model, infrared signal, as time-base signal, when infrared remote receiver receives after infrared signal, through bleeder circuit, is given the control module of signal processing, starts and interrupts, and starts the foundation sending as ultrasonic signal.When control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, be which frequency, determine it is which target starts to launch ultrasonic signal; When ultrasonic signal receiving sensor receives after ultrasonic signal, through low noise filtering circuit, signal is carried out to low noise processing, then deliver in amplifying circuit, signal is amplified to the convenient amplitude of processing of processor, deliver to again in notch filter circuit, filtering does not need the signal of frequency, when receiving the ultrasonic signal amplitude fading of target and be greater than 70%, starts automatic gain control circuit, signal is amplified, finally deliver to signal processing and realize A/D conversion.

Fig. 3 shows the hardware configuration layout with display unit 104 according to the processing of the utility model ultrasonic signal.According to the utility model, when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, determine the target of transmitting ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic signal of different frequency is delivered in different A/D passages.Ultrasonic signal, after over-sampling, is delivered to digital filter and is carried out filtering, realizes the differentiation of different target.In addition also comprise power supply, storer, DLL (dynamic link library), control interface, LCD driving circuit and LCD 3-D display etc., because these assemblies are the known Common Components of those skilled in the art, therefore, repeat no more here.

Fig. 4 shows the signal transmitting sequential chart with different frequency characteristic according to ultrasonic signal of the present utility model and Infrared Projector 101 transmittings, establishes T=t _m-t ₀be a signal period, within a signal period, different target can be launched at synchronization the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different frequency, also can be in the ultrasonic and infrared signal of not launching in the same time same frequency.Wherein said different frequency, it is characterized in that: the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two targets transmittings is greater than or equals 15KHz, can be respectively 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 70KHz etc., the frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two targets transmittings is greater than or equals 18KHz, can be respectively 20KHz, 38KHz, 56KHz, 74KHz etc., but can, according to actual number of targets, adjust dynamically.

Fig. 5 is for illustrating according to the process flow diagram of multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracking and positioning of the present utility model, step 1 is placed on three ultrasonic receiving element 102-1,102-2,102-3 and a plurality of infrared receiver 101-1,101-2..., 101-N on LCD screen 104, three receiving element 102-1,102-2,102-3 are positioned at leg-of-mutton three summits, and a plurality of infrared receiver 101-1,101-2..., 101-N are positioned at triangle inside.In step 2, be arranged on the ultrasonic and infrared signal of the transmitting different frequency in 101 cycles of ultrasonic and infrared transmitter on different target.The frequency interval of ultrasonic signal is 15KHz, can be respectively 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 70KHz etc., the frequency interval of infrared signal is 18KHz, can be respectively 20KHz, 38KHz, 56KHz, 74KHz etc., the described signal period, for 24ms left and right, but can, according to actual number of targets, adjust dynamically.In step 3, because the velocity of propagation of infrared signal is approximately the light velocity, and the speed of ultrasonic signal is approximately the velocity of sound, therefore the travel-time of infrared signal can be ignored, using infrared signal as time-base signal, starts the benchmark of transmitting as ultrasonic signal.In step 4, when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, determine it is the ultrasonic signal of which target transmitting; The ultrasonic signal receiving is processed, and according to the geometry site of three Mike's receivers, control module is shown to the three-dimensional coordinate of target on LCD screen 104.

Fig. 6 is for illustrating according to the ultrasonic Tracking and Orientation Arithmetic principle schematic based on TOA of the present utility model, in a specific embodiment, three ultrasonic receiving element R1, R2, R3 are placed on and take the place, three summits of the equilateral triangle that 2a is the length of side, infrared receiver H ₁, H ₂..., H _nbe positioned at equilateral triangle inside.T (x, y, z) represents that target transmission frequency is the ultrasonic signal of f and the infrared signal that frequency is f ', as shown in the figure, supposes that infrared transmitter transmitting infrared signal is by H ₂infrared receiving terminal receives, when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of f ' frequency, start three timers, when certain Mike's receiver receives ultrasonic signal, corresponding timer regularly finishes, when three receivers all receive after ultrasonic signal, the time that now each timer shows is that frequency is that the ultrasonic signal of f is to the travel-time t of each Mike's receiver _k, according to hyperacoustic velocity of propagation, can calculate the distance of propagation, according to the geometry site of three Mike's receivers, can calculate the position of target.

Target location to resolve process as follows:

Suppose that the aerial velocity of propagation of ultrasonic signal is c, three ultrasonic receiving elements are positioned at take three summits of the equilateral triangle that 2a is the length of side, c wherein, and a is known, can calculate the distance of target and three sonacs.

L _k=ct _k，k=1，2，3

Wherein, L _k(=1,2,3) represent that target reflector is to vertex distance between k receiver.Therefore can obtain:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{(x+a)}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000021.png,HDA0000391919890000052.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1^2\\ {(x-a)}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2^2\\ x^2+{(y+a)}^2+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="z"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">z</figure-callout>}}^2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000052.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_3^2\\ z>0\end{array}\right.$ Therefore $\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000021.png,HDA0000391919890000052.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2^2}{4a}\\ y=\frac{{2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000052.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_3^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000032.png,HDA0000391919890000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000021.png,HDA0000391919890000052.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1^2}{4a}\\ z=\sqrt{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="HDA0000391919890000021.png,HDA0000391919890000052.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1^2-y^2-{(x+a)}^2}\end{array}\right.$

Thereby can obtain the positional information of target.

Fig. 7 A shows the fundamental diagram of the trapper the utility model proposes, suppose to have four target transmitting ultrasonic signals and infrared signal, due to trapper principle of work discussed herein, therefore only consider ultrasonic signal, its frequency is respectively 25KHz, 40KHz, 55KHz, 70KHz, when needing the ultrasonic signal of the frequency of 25KHz to pass through, the notch filter circuit that need to add 40KHz, 55KHz, tri-frequencies of 70KHz, by the ultrasonic signal filtering of these three frequencies, thus the signal of the frequency of reservation 25KHz.When the ultrasonic signal of other frequencies of needs passes through, method is the same.

Fig. 7 B shows the fundamental diagram of the trapper the utility model proposes, and this trapper consists of double-T shaped rejection filter and positive-feedback circuit, and double-T shaped rejection filter is comprised of a Hi-pass filter and a low-pass filter, wherein R ₁=R ₂=R ₃=R ₄=R, C ₁=C ₂=C ₃=C ₄=C can filtering f=f ₀the ultrasonic signal at the Frequency point place of=1/2 π RC, can regulate resonance frequency by adjustment R, C value, thereby design the notch filter circuit of different frequency.

Fig. 8 shows the analogous diagram of the bandpass filter of the 40KHz that applies MATLAB design in the utility model, can be by changing the bandpass filter of other frequencies of Frequency Design of passband and stopband.

Fig. 9 shows the circuit diagram of the automatic gain control the utility model proposes, the amplifying circuit of employing based on AD603 combines with backfeed loop, processor is according to the amplitude that receives ultrasonic signal, give ADG1 pin low and high level signal, thereby regulate ultrasonic signal enlargement factor, the far and near seamless switching of realize target.

Specific design step is illustrated with three examples below:

Example 1: when having two targets to locate

1) at transmitting terminal, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 25KHz and 20KHz is arranged in target 1, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 40KHz and 38KHz is arranged in target 2 to the ultrasonic and infrared signal of transmitting that target 1 and target 2 can the cycles.

2) at receiving end, the Mike's receiver in three ultrasound wave reception & disposal unit is installed to and take three summits of the equilateral triangle that 12cm is the length of side, the infrared receiving terminal in infrared reception & disposal unit is installed to equilateral triangle inside.

3) each ultrasound wave receiving element comprises Mike's receiver, low noise amplifier circuit, notch filter circuit and auto-gain circuit, suppose now to need the ultrasonic signal of 40KHz to pass through, the ultrasonic signal that needs filtering 25KHz, utilize Mike's receiver to receive ultrasonic signal, low noise filtering and amplifying circuit are processed and amplify receiving faint ultrasonic signal low noise, then ultrasonic signal passes through notch filter circuit again, utilize the principle of RC resonance, by regulating resistance, capacitance, design the notch filter circuit of 25KHz, the ultrasonic signal filtering to 25KHz; Application automatic gain control circuit carries out amplitude adjustment to the ultrasonic signal receiving, when receiving the ultrasonic signal amplitude fading of target and be greater than 70%, by processor, control and start automatic gain control circuit, seamless switching that can realize target distance, then delivers to the ultrasonic signal of different frequency in different A/D passages.When needing the ultrasonic signal of 25KHz to pass through, need to design 40KHz trapper, method is the same.

5) after control module detects infrared signal that target sends and arrives, according to the frequency of infrared signal, be 20KHz or 38KHz, determine it is that target 1 or target 2 start to launch ultrasonic signal, then to the ultrasonic signal sampling matching with this target frequency.

6) control module is after sampling ultrasonic signal, and further by Chebyshev's II type bandpass digital filter, filtering affects the ultrasonic signal of other target frequencies of location.Supposing now to need the frequency of the ultrasonic signal that obtains is 40KHz, applies Chebyshev's II type bandpass filter of MATLAB design 40KHz, parameter is loaded in processor, by the thorough filtering of the signal that there is no complete filtering after notch filter circuit.And need to obtain ultrasonic signal frequencies and be 25KHz time, method is the same.

7) through after digital filter, by zero passage detection method, the data analysis after ultrasonic signal sampling is processed, obtain ultrasonic signal and arrive ultrasonic signal receiving element R ₁, R ₂, R ₃time delay t ₁, t ₂, t ₃thereby, can calculate the distance L that target arrives each Mike's Receiver ₁, L ₂, L ₃, utilize geometric relationship, obtain target location.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2}{48}\\ y=\frac{2{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_3\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2}{48}\\ z=\sqrt{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-y^2-{(x+12)}^2}\end{array}\right.$

8) transmission objectives three-dimensional space position coordinate time between LCD demonstration and control module increases respectively character X, Y, Z before each axial coordinate of XYZ, guarantees real-time and the infallibility of target location three-dimensional coordinate transmission.

Example 2: when having five targets to locate

1) at transmitting terminal, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 25KHz and 20KHz is arranged in target 1, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 40KHz and 38KHz is arranged in target 2, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 55KHz and 56KHz is arranged in target 3, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 70KHz and 74KHz is arranged in target 4, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 85KHz and 92KHz is arranged in target 5, target 1, target 2, target 3, target 4, target 5 can the cycle the ultrasonic and infrared signal of transmitting.

2) at receiving end, the Mike's receiver in three ultrasound wave reception & disposal unit is installed to and take three summits of the equilateral triangle that 12cm is the length of side, the infrared receiving terminal in infrared reception & disposal unit is installed to equilateral triangle inside.

3) each ultrasound wave receiving element comprises Mike's receiver, low noise amplifier circuit, notch filter circuit auto-gain circuit, suppose now to need the ultrasonic signal of 40KHz to pass through, the ultrasonic signal that needs other four frequencies of filtering, utilize Mike's receiver to receive ultrasonic signal, low noise filtering and amplifying circuit are processed and amplify receiving faint ultrasonic signal low noise, then ultrasonic signal passes through notch filter circuit again, utilize the principle of RC resonance, pass through regulating resistance, capacitance, design 25KHz, 55KHz, 70KHz, the notch filter circuit of 85KHz, ultrasonic signal filtering to these frequencies, application automatic gain control circuit carries out amplitude adjustment to the ultrasonic signal receiving, and when target ultrasonic signal amplitude fading is greater than 70%, by processor, is controlled and is started automatic gain control circuit, improves enlargement factor, the seamless switching of realize target distance.And the ultrasonic signal of different frequency is delivered in different A/D passages.When the ultrasonic signal of other frequencies of needs passes through, method is the same.

5) when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, be which frequency, determine it is which target starts to launch ultrasonic signal, then the ultrasonic signal sampling to this frequency.

6) by Chebyshev's II type bandpass digital filter, the ultrasonic signal of other target frequencies of filtering impact location.Supposing now to need the frequency of the ultrasonic signal that obtains is 25KHz, applies Chebyshev's II type bandpass filter of MATLAB design 25KHz, parameter is loaded in processor, by the thorough filtering of the signal that there is no complete filtering after notch filter circuit.And need to obtain ultrasonic signal time, method is the same.

7) through after digital filter, by zero passage detection method, the data analysis after ultrasonic signal sampling is processed, obtain ultrasonic signal and arrive ultrasonic signal receiving element R ₁, R ₂, R ₃time delay t ₁, t ₂, t ₃thereby, can calculate the distance L that target arrives each Mike's Receiver ₁, L ₂, L ₃, utilize geometric relationship, obtain target location.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2}{48}\\ y=\frac{2{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_3\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2}{48}\\ z=\sqrt{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-y^2-{(x+12)}^2}\end{array}\right.$

8) transmission objectives three-dimensional space position coordinate time between LCD demonstration and control module increases respectively character X, Y, Z before each axial coordinate of XYZ, guarantees real-time and the infallibility of target location three-dimensional coordinate transmission.

Example 3: when having N target to locate

1) at transmitting terminal, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 25KHz and 20KHz is arranged in target 1, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of 40KHz and 38KHz is arranged in target 2, the Infrared Projector of the ultrasonic signal transmitter of [25+15* (N-1)] KHz and [20+18* (N-1)] KHz is arranged on to target N upper, the ultrasonic and infrared signal of transmitting that target 1, target 2.... target N can the cycles.

2) at receiving end, the Mike's receiver in three ultrasound wave reception & disposal unit is installed to and take three summits of the equilateral triangle that 12cm is the length of side, the infrared receiving terminal in infrared reception & disposal unit is installed to equilateral triangle inside.

3) each ultrasound wave receiving element comprises Mike's receiver, low noise amplifier circuit, notch filter circuit auto-gain circuit, suppose now to need the ultrasonic signal of 40KHz to pass through, the ultrasonic signal that needs other frequencies of filtering, utilize Mike's receiver to receive ultrasonic signal, low noise filtering and amplifying circuit are processed and amplify receiving faint ultrasonic signal low noise, then ultrasonic signal passes through notch filter circuit again, utilize the principle of RC resonance, pass through regulating resistance, capacitance, design the notch filter circuit of removing 40KHz Frequency point, ultrasonic signal filtering to these frequencies, application automatic gain control circuit carries out amplitude adjustment to the ultrasonic signal receiving, and when target ultrasonic signal amplitude fading is greater than 70%, by processor, is controlled and is started automatic gain control circuit, improves enlargement factor, the seamless switching of realize target distance.And the ultrasonic signal of different frequency is delivered in different A/D passages.When the ultrasonic signal of other frequencies of needs passes through, method is the same.

5) when control module detects after the infrared signal arrival of target transmission, according to the frequency of infrared signal, be which frequency, determine it is which target starts to launch ultrasonic signal, then the ultrasonic signal sampling to this frequency.

6) by Chebyshev's II type bandpass digital filter, the ultrasonic signal of other target frequencies of filtering impact location.Supposing now to need the frequency of the ultrasonic signal that obtains is 25KHz, applies Chebyshev's II type bandpass filter of MATLAB design 25KHz, parameter is loaded in processor, by the thorough filtering of the signal that there is no complete filtering after notch filter circuit.And need to obtain ultrasonic signal time, method is the same.

7) through after digital filter, by zero passage detection method, the data analysis after ultrasonic signal sampling is processed, obtain ultrasonic signal and arrive ultrasonic signal receiving element R ₁, R ₂, R ₃time delay t ₁, t ₂, t ₃thereby, can calculate the distance L that target arrives each Mike's Receiver ₁, L ₂, L ₃, utilize geometric relationship, obtain target location.

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}x=\frac{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2}{48}\\ y=\frac{2{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_3\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_2\right)}^2-{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2}{48}\\ z=\sqrt{{\left({\mathrm{ct}}_1\right)}^2-y^2-{(x+12)}^2}\end{array}\right.$

8) transmission objectives three-dimensional space position coordinate time between LCD demonstration and control module increases respectively character X, Y, Z before each axial coordinate of XYZ, guarantees real-time and the infallibility of target location three-dimensional coordinate transmission.

Claims (5)

1. a multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system, its feature comprises:

Emitting module, comprises ultrasonic transmitter and infrared transmitter, for transmitting ultrasonic signal and the infrared signal in cycle, they is arranged on respectively in respective objects, and ultrasonic and infrared signal all adopts the mode of frequency division multiplexing to realize the differentiation of described target;

Receiving unit, comprise ultrasonic receiving unit and infrared receiving unit, wherein ultrasonic receiving unit comprises three ultrasonic signal reception & disposal unit, for receiving and process the ultrasonic signal of described transmitter unit transmitting, infrared receiving unit comprises infrared reception & disposal unit, for receiving and process the infrared signal of described transmitter unit transmitting; Three ultrasonic reception & disposal unit are positioned at leg-of-mutton three summits, and infrared reception & disposal unit is positioned at triangle inside, and three-dimensional target following location has been coordinated in ultrasonic reception & disposal unit together with infrared reception & disposal unit;

Signal is processed and display module, comprises control module and LCD display unit, for automatic gain, respond infrared signal, the ultrasonic signal of sampling, extract ultrasonic time delay, calculating and demonstration localizing objects position; Control module is comprised of multi-channel A/D sample circuit, storer, processor and peripheral circuit, completes automatic gain, digital filtering, time delay extraction, coordinate calculating and transmits; LCD display unit drives chip and LCD display to form by LCD, for the movement locus of display-object.

2. multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in receiving unit, ultrasonic receiving element and infrared receiver position are: three ultrasonic receiving elements are distributed in the summit of equilateral triangle, and infrared reception & disposal unit is positioned at equilateral triangle inside.

3. multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in receiving unit, three ultrasonic reception & disposal unit all comprise and cover Mike's receiver of a plurality of frequencies and identical ultrasonic signal processing unit, and this ultrasonic signal processing unit comprises low noise filtering circuit, amplifying circuit, notch filter circuit and automatic gain control circuit; The infrared receiving terminal that infrared reception & disposal unit comprises multi-frequency and identical peripheral processes circuit, in order to realize a minute compression functions.

4. multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system according to claim 3, is characterized in that:

Notch filter circuit adopts the double-T shaped rejection filter of positive feedback, and according to RC resonance, the signal of filtering fixed frequency, realizes the separation of a plurality of target ultrasonic signals;

Automatic gain control circuit adopts the amplifying circuit based on AD603 to combine with backfeed loop, and processor, according to the amplitude that receives ultrasonic signal, is given and controlled pin low and high level signal, thereby regulates ultrasonic signal enlargement factor, the far and near seamless switching of realize target.

5. multiple goal three-D ultrasonic tracing-positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that multiple goal refers to that tracking target number is more than or equal to 2 situation, because the ultrasonic and infrared signal of different ultrasonic signal transmitters and Infrared Projector transmitting has different frequency, the frequency interval of the ultrasonic signal of any two target transmittings is at least 15KHz, and unequal interval distributes; The frequency interval of the infrared signal of any two target transmittings is at least 18KHz, and unequal interval distributes.

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