CN203489228U - Forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device - Google Patents

Forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203489228U
CN203489228U CN201320535301.5U CN201320535301U CN203489228U CN 203489228 U CN203489228 U CN 203489228U CN 201320535301 U CN201320535301 U CN 201320535301U CN 203489228 U CN203489228 U CN 203489228U
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China
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tower body
phosphoric acid
tower
heat recovery
water circulation
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201320535301.5U
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王政伟
宋耀祖
蒋家羚
何锦林
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ZHEJIANG CHENGTAI CHEMICAL MACHINERY CO Ltd
Changzhou University
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ZHEJIANG CHENGTAI CHEMICAL MACHINERY CO Ltd
Changzhou University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of heat energy recovery and utilization, particularly relates to a forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device. The forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device comprises a steam pocket, a descending pipe, a circulating pump, a distribution header, a phosphoric acid tower and a middle connecting pipe; the phosphoric acid tower comprises an upper end socket, a tower body and a lower end socket; coiled pipes spiral and closely coil to form into the upper end socket, the tower body and the lower end socket through welding; an eduction opening of the lower end socket is communicated with one end of the middle connecting pipe; the other end of the middle connecting pipe is communicated with an introduction opening of the upper end socket; one end of the descending pipe is communicated with the interior of the steam pocket; the other end of the descending pipe is connected with an inlet of the circulating pump; an outlet of the circulating pump is communicated with the distribution header; a tower body circulation water eduction opening and a lower end socket circulation eduction opening are communicated with the distribution header; a tower body aerated water induction opening and an upper end socket aerated water induction opening are communicated with the steam pocket. The forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device has the advantages of achieving a higher waste heat recovery efficiency, reducing unit heat exchanging space, being easy to achieve upsizing, reducing steel consumption and being low in production cost.

Description

Forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device
Technical field
The utility model relates to the technical field of recovery and the utilization of heat energy, relates in particular to a kind of forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device.
Background technology
Phosphoric acid is a kind of important industrial chemicals and intermediate, can be used for manufacturing phosphate fertilizer and various phosphate, and the high-purity phosphoric acid through purifying is also for industry such as food, medicine, electronics.
The production method of phosphoric acid mainly contains two kinds of wet method and Re Fa, wherein wet method is to utilize strong acid to decompose salt of weak acid principle, with any in sulfuric acid, nitric acid or three kinds of strong acid of hydrochloric acid, decomposes natural rock phosphate in powder, obtains phosphoric acid solution, its purity is lower, mainly uses the production of phosphate fertilizer; First hot method is produced rock phosphate in powder is smelted and obtained elemental phosphorously at electric furnace or blast furnace, then by elemental phosphorous, burn and obtains P in combustion tower with air 4o 10gas, then obtain thermal phosphoric acid through hydration.The technique of producing thermal phosphoric acid from elemental phosphorous has metabolic water unification footwork flow process and burning hydration two step method flow process.The feature of one-step method flow process is burning and the P of phosphorus 4o 10aquation in same equipment, carry out, the heat that burning produces mainly by spray inner wall of tower, also a large amount of phosphoric acid,diluteds of cooling mistake are removed in advance.The feature of two step method flow process is burning and the P of phosphorus 4o 10aquation in combustion tower and hydrated tower, carry out respectively, traditional thermal phosphoric acid combustion tower and hydrated tower tower wall all adopt water leg structure, the combustion heat and hydration heat are removed by the cooling water of chuck, cooling water circulation is used.The production of thermal phosphoric acid mainly comprises ore smelting, yellow phosphorus burning and P 4o 103 independently technological processes of aquation of gas.Wherein, in yellow phosphorus burning flow process, first solid yellow phosphorus is heated by steam and is melted to liquid state in phosphorus-melting groove, and then melting phosphorus, through nozzle atomization, fully mixes with the air being entered by air intake pipe, acutely burns generate P in combustion chamber 4o 10gas is emitted large calorimetric simultaneously, even if coefficient of excess air reaches 1.5, burning of gas temperature is up to more than 1700 ℃.High temperature phosphorous steam and polymer thereof have extremely strong corrosivity to production equipments such as combustion tower, heat exchangers in addition, and this corrosivity raises and aggravates with temperature.In technique, for preventing this corrosion and destruction, conventionally all use a large amount of phosphoric acid,diluteds or cooling water that the temperature of combustion tower and heat exchanger wall is controlled at below 80 ℃, this part low grade heat energy of being taken away by water or phosphoric acid is difficult to further utilization.For guaranteeing flowing and spray burning of yellow phosphorus, must make it in liquid phase state simultaneously, therefore need configure dedicated coal-burning boiler to supply with steam; In addition for cooling circulating water or phosphoric acid, also must be equipped with a series of devices such as blower fan, pump, heat exchanger.This one side requires outside heat supply, and the phenomenon of wasting again on the other hand self combustion heat is ubiquitous problem during current thermal phosphoric acid is produced.
During relevant thermal phosphoric acid is produced, heat energy generated during combustion of yellow recovery waste heat device, there is the patent of the eighties in Japan, the U.S., Europe, but there is no commercial Application report, domesticly since 2000, have carried out the research work of this respect, and have publication, are explained below:
Domestic utility model patent is published in June, the 2002, (patent No.: CN1355133A).The disclosed yellow phosphorus burning heat energy recycling device of this patent mainly comprises:
Yellow phosphorus burning heat energy recycling device is one both can produce P 4o 10the waste heat boiler of the amount of heat that the reaction tower of gas produces while reclaiming yellow phosphorus burning again simultaneously.The combustion phosphorus tower that this heat-energy recovering apparatus has function of recovering waste heat by a drum and forms.Yellow phosphorus by many tedges and of being connected in that enhanced heat exchange fin between each pipe forms have in the annular membrane heat exchanger of cavity and burn, the P of generation 4o 10gas enters hydration tower generation phosphoric acid by the outlet at top.In tedge, flow circuit water becomes saturated vapor and gets back to the drum that is placed in combustion phosphorus top of tower after absorbing yellow phosphorus burning heat, after carbonated drink separation, a saturated vapor part offers melts phosphorus groove and melts phosphorus, thereby has cancelled in traditional thermal phosphoric acid production technology for melting the coal-burning boiler of phosphorus.Another part saturated vapor offers other industrial heat users and uses, and creates economic benefit.Saturation water after carbonated drink separation and supplementing water mixing are got back to combustion phosphorus tower by down-comer and are continued heat absorption generation steam, form thus the natural water circulation of yellow phosphorus burning heat energy recycling device.Yellow phosphorus enters into combustion chamber and burns by being placed in the phosphorus spray gun being arranged symmetrically with of combustion phosphorus tower middle and lower part together with humid air.Combustion tower adopts metal material to make, and the metal surface in this combustion tower scribbles the plasma ceramic coating of the high temperature resistant phosphorus steam of one deck and polymer corrosion thereof.By the control to moisture ratio in wall temperature and humid air, make to form the diaphragm of one deck metaphosphoric acid on the water-cooling wall of combustion chamber, metaphosphoric acid is very little to the corrosivity of water-cooling wall, thus the metal material of protection water-cooling wall.
There are some defects in this patent: (1) is used the mode of natural water circulation that the heat that fires phosphorus top of tower and bottom can not be reclaimed, and can only by water at low temperature, this part heat be taken away by the mode of water-cooling jacket, and heat recovery rate is declined.(2) in Natural Circulation combustion phosphorus tower, what heat-transfer surface adopted is fin panel casing, and the minimum process width of fin is greater than 20mm, and ordinary circumstance fin central temperature is higher 30～50 ℃ than tube outer wall temperature, so just increased the possibility of corrosion, or the operating pressure of necessary reduction system.At present, the maximum pressure of natural water circulation phosphoric acid-fired boiler is 3.9Mpa, further improve pressure, and risk is larger.(3) caliber of natural water circulation and wall thickness have limited it and can not under high circulating pressure, move.High pressure needs the pipe of Large Diameter Pipeline more and thicker wall thickness, if natural water circulation combustion phosphorus tower goes for the more saturated vapor of high pressure, and just must increase caliber and wall thickness.Increase like this cost of investment, and reduced gas production.(4) maximum output of the separate unit of thermal phosphoric acid maximum is 90,000 tons/year, due to the restriction of being transported, adopting at present the maximum diameter of the extraordinary combustion of natural water circulation thermal phosphoric acid phosphorus tower is 3.6m, if increase the production scale of separate unit, this integrated ready-package has just been had any problem again, as adopted Split type structure, make a plurality of parts, to field-installed mode, by increasing the technical difficulty of installing, also do not attempt at present.So large-scale thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device is not suitable for adopting natural water circulation mode.
Utility model content
The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is: for heat recovery efficiency, adapt to large-scale thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device, the utility model provides a kind of forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device.
The utility model solves the technical scheme that its technical problem adopts: a kind of forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device, comprise drum, down-comer, circulating pump, distribution header, combustion phosphorus tower and intermediate connection tube,
Described combustion phosphorus tower comprises: conical disc tubular type upper cover, cylindrical shape coiled tower body, back taper coiled low head is taken over the phosphorus spray gun communicating with tower body inside that is arranged on tower body middle part, described upper cover, tower body and low head closely coil and are welded by least one coil pipe spiral, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into tower body form respectively tower body recirculated water intake and tower body carbonated drink outlet, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into upper cover form respectively upper cover intake and upper cover carbonated drink outlet, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into low head form respectively low head recirculated water intake and low head outlet, described low head outlet is connected with one end of intermediate connection tube, the other end of intermediate connection tube is connected with upper cover intake, described down-comer one end is interior to being communicated with drum, the other end is connected with the import of circulating pump, circulation delivery side of pump is communicated with distributing header, described tower body recirculated water intake, low head recirculated water intake is all communicated with distribution header, described tower body carbonated drink outlet, upper cover carbonated drink outlet is all connected with drum.
The utility model upper cover, tower body and low head all adopt coil structure to form inwall separately, be and effectively utilize heat-transfer surface, there is the recirculated water of certain pressure in circulating pump is transported to each spiral coil, the vaporization of absorbing heat while flowing, in final coil pipe, steam water interface is incorporated in drum and is carried out carbonated drink separation by fairlead, and the flow resistance of steam water interface in the whole circulatory system overcome by forced water circulation pump.
In order to improve heat exchange efficiency, described tower body is closely coiled and is welded by many coil pipe spirals, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into tower body form respectively tower body recirculated water intake, tower body carbonated drink outlet, tower body recirculated water intake and distribution header are communicated with, and tower body carbonated drink outlet and drum are connected.
In order to make water circulation reliability service and to improve heat exchange efficiency, described drum top also offers moisturizing interface, steam (vapor) outlet.
For the ease of Exhaust Gas, carry out subsequent technique, described upper cover top is also provided with the gas fairlead communicating with tower body inside.
For low head is easy to manufacture with reliably cooling, the bottom of described low head also seal weld is connected to the capping with cooling device.
For firm support, the bottom of described combustion phosphorus tower is also provided with support skirt.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are, forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device of the present utility model,
(1) can obtain more efficient waste heat organic efficiency, low head adopts spiral coil to form inverted cone-shaped structure, upper cover also adopts spiral coil to form pyramidal structure, make upper and lower end socket become effective heat exchange area, total effective heat exchange area is improved more than 30% than natural water circulation mode, and waste heat recovery efficiency reaches more than 70%.
(2) can obtain the more industrial steam of high pressure, low head, tower body and upper cover all adopt close-coupled spiral coil structure, under same operating pressure condition, than adopting, the wall temperature of natural water circulation fin panel casing is lower, operation safety and reliability, can obtain more saturated vapor or the superheated steam of high pressure.
(3) unit heat transfer space reduces, more easily realize and maximizing, adopt the mode of forced water circulation, by circulating pump, provide motion pressure head, heating surface can arrange arbitrarily, without as in prior art because the restriction that is under pressure adopts heat exchanging water pipe straight up and down mostly, in less space, arrange more heat-transfer surface, in same combustion phosphorus amount situation, can reduce the volume of combustion phosphorus tower, be convenient to maximize, transport and install.
(4) steel consumption reduces, manufacturing cost reduces, forced water circulation combustion phosphorus tower is when steam parameter improves, still can adopt minor diameter, heat exchanger tube that wall thickness is thinner, in structure, there is no upper and lower header yet, make the metal wastage of whole forced water circulation combustion phosphorus tower than natural water circulation combustion phosphorus tower still less, saved production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model upper cover;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the utility model low head;
In figure: 1, drum, 1-1, moisturizing interface, 1-2, steam (vapor) outlet, 2, down-comer, 3, circulating pump, 4, distribute header, 5-1, low head recirculated water intake, 5-2, tower body first recirculated water intake, 5-3, tower body second recirculated water intake, 6, combustion phosphorus tower, 6-1, gas fairlead, 6-2, upper cover, 6-3, tower body, 6-4, phosphorus spray gun is taken over, 6-5, intermediate connection tube, 6-6, low head, 6-7, support skirt, 6-8, capping, 6-9, upper cover recirculated water intake, 6-10, low head recirculated water outlet, 7-1, upper cover carbonated drink outlet, 7-2, tower body first carbonated drink outlet, 7-3, tower body second carbonated drink outlet.
The specific embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the utility model is described in further detail now.These accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present utility model is only described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the utility model.
As Figure 1-3, the embodiment of the utility model forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device, comprise drum 1, down-comer 2, circulating pump 3, distribute header 4, combustion phosphorus tower 6 and intermediate connection tube 6-5, the bottom of combustion phosphorus tower 6 is also provided with supports skirt 6-7.Combustion phosphorus tower 6 comprises: conical disc tubular type upper cover 6-2, cylindrical shape coiled tower body 6-3, back taper coiled low head 6-6 and the phosphorus spray gun communicating with tower body 6-3 inside that is arranged on tower body 6-3 middle part are taken over 6-4, upper cover 6-2 is closely coiled into taper tubular by a coil pipe spiral, the gas fairlead 6-1 that top exit seal welding communicates with tower body 6 inside, low head 6-6 is closely coiled into back taper tubular by a coil pipe spiral, and sealed bottom is welded with the capping 6-8 with cooling device.Tower body 6-3 is closely coiled and is welded by two coil pipe spirals, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into tower body 6-3 form respectively tower body the first and second recirculated water intake 5-2-3 and tower body first carbonated drink outlet 7-2-3, tower body recirculated water intake 5-2-3 and distribution header 4 are communicated with, and tower body carbonated drink outlet 7-2-3 and drum 1 are connected.Conical disc tubular type upper cover 6-2 in order, seal welding between cylindrical shape coiled tower body 6-3 and back taper coiled low head 6-6, the coil pipe two ends of the upper cover 6-2 being coiled into form respectively upper cover recirculated water intake 6-9 and upper cover carbonated drink outlet 7-1, the coil pipe two ends of the low head 6-6 being coiled into form respectively low head recirculated water intake 5-1 and low head outlet 6-10, low head outlet 6-10 is connected with one end of intermediate connection tube 6-5, the other end of intermediate connection tube 6-5 is connected with upper cover intake 6-9, down-comer 2 one end are interior to being communicated with drum 1, the other end is connected with the import of circulating pump 3, the outlet of circulating pump 3 is communicated with distributing header 4, tower body the first and second recirculated water intake 5-2-3, low head recirculated water intake 5-1 is all communicated with distribution header 4, tower body the first and second carbonated drink outlet 7-2-3, upper cover carbonated drink outlet 7-1 is all connected with drum 1.Drum 1 top also offers moisturizing interface 1-1, steam (vapor) outlet 1-2.Distribute header 4 can set up flow controller with the junction of each group cooling coil and regulate the flow of respectively organizing coil pipe, to guarantee respectively to organize the safe and reliable operation of coil pipe.
The technological process of combustion phosphorus tower: liquid state is elemental phosphorous mixes with Secondary Air after compressed air (wind) atomization in phosphorus spray gun, from phosphorus spray gun adapter 6-4 is oblique, enter in combustion phosphorus tower 6 at a certain angle, with the evaporation mixing of U-shaped type of flow limit, limit ignition, discharge a large amount of reaction heat simultaneously.High-temperature technology gas respectively with under, in, upper three part coil heat exchange faces carry out radiation heat transfer, by gas fairlead 6-1, be drawn out in next step technique hydrated tower after dropping to uniform temperature.
Forced water circulation flow process: recirculated water enters circulating pump 3 through down-comer 2, after being recycled pump 3 pressurizations, enter distribution header 4, after regulating, flow controller by recirculated water inlet tube, entered respectively in low head coil pipe and the spiralling coil pipe of tower body, in coil pipe, recirculated water heat absorption heats up and reaches capacity after state, part water is vaporized into saturated vapor, carrying out along with the heat absorption of flowing, in pipe, void fraction constantly increases, final steam water interface is entered in drum 1 by the fairlead of each coil pipe, after carbonated drink separation, steam is introduced after sub-cylinder for technique by steam (vapor) outlet 1-2, after isolated saturation water mixes with supplementing water, by down-comer 2 again, draw and enter next water circulation.
12 meters of the combustion tower height overalls of the present embodiment, tower body is high 8 meters, and tower body diameter is 3 meters, the about 90m of heat exchange area 2, adopting the forced water circulation UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN mode of steaming, low head, tower body and upper cover all adopt close-coupled spiral coil structure, effective heat exchange area raising 30%, surperficial mean heat flux is 60kw/m 2. combustion phosphorus tower outlet temperature is lower than 700 ℃.Under the working condition of the combustion phosphorus amount of 1600kg per hour, per hourly can produce 9 tons of the saturated vapors that pressure is 1.6Mpa,, energy recovery efficiency can reach 75%.
The above-mentioned foundation desirable embodiment of the present utility model of take is enlightenment, and by above-mentioned description, relevant staff can, within not departing from the scope of this utility model technological thought, carry out various change and modification completely.The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the content on description, must determine its technical scope according to claim scope.

Claims (6)

1. a forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device, is characterized in that: comprise drum (1), down-comer (2), circulating pump (3), distribute header (4), combustion phosphorus tower (6) and intermediate connection tube (6-5);
Described combustion phosphorus tower (6) comprising: conical disc tubular type upper cover (6-2), cylindrical shape coiled tower body (6-3), back taper coiled low head (6-6) and the phosphorus spray gun communicating with tower body (6-3) inside that is arranged on tower body (6-3) middle part are taken over (6-4), described upper cover (6-2), tower body (6-3) and low head (6-6) closely coil and are welded by least one coil pipe spiral, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into tower body (6-3) form respectively tower body recirculated water intake (5-2-3) and tower body first carbonated drink outlet (7-2-3), the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into upper cover (6-2) form respectively upper cover intake (6-9) and upper cover carbonated drink outlet (7-1), the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into low head (6-6) form respectively low head recirculated water intake (5-1) and low head outlet (6-10), described low head outlet (6-10) is connected with one end of intermediate connection tube (6-5), the other end of intermediate connection tube (6-5) is connected with upper cover intake (6-9),
Described down-comer (2) one end is interior to being communicated with drum (1), the other end is connected with the import of circulating pump (3), the outlet of circulating pump (3) is communicated with distributing header (4), described tower body the first and second recirculated water intakes (5-2-3), low head recirculated water intake (5-1) all with distribute header (4) to be communicated with, described tower body first carbonated drink outlet (7-2), upper cover carbonated drink outlet (7-1) all and drum (1) be connected.
2. forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tower body (6-3) is closely coiled and is welded by two coil pipe spirals, the coil pipe two ends that are coiled into tower body (6-3) form respectively tower body the first and second recirculated water intakes (5-2-3) and tower body first carbonated drink outlet (7-2-3), tower body the first and second recirculated water intakes (5-2-3) and distribute header (4) to be communicated with, and tower body the first and second carbonated drink outlets (7-2-3) and drum (1) are connected.
3. forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described drum (1) top also offers moisturizing interface (1-1), steam (vapor) outlet (1-2).
4. forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper cover (6-2) top is also provided with the gas fairlead (6-1) communicating with tower body (6) inside.
5. forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of described low head (6-6) also seal weld is connected to the capping (6-8) with cooling device.
6. forced water circulation thermal phosphoric acid waste-heat recovery device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of described combustion phosphorus tower (6) is also provided with supports skirt (6-7).
CN201320535301.5U 2013-08-30 2013-08-30 Forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device Expired - Fee Related CN203489228U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103438414A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-11 常州大学 Forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device
CN110169583A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-08-27 无锡旭洲智能科技有限公司 A kind of multi-functional multi items food processing apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103438414A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-11 常州大学 Forced water circulation furnace-process phosphoric acid waste heat recovery device
CN110169583A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-08-27 无锡旭洲智能科技有限公司 A kind of multi-functional multi items food processing apparatus

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