CN203286155U - 玻璃管、吸热管和抛物槽收集器 - Google Patents

玻璃管、吸热管和抛物槽收集器 Download PDF

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CN203286155U
CN203286155U CN2012205869236U CN201220586923U CN203286155U CN 203286155 U CN203286155 U CN 203286155U CN 2012205869236 U CN2012205869236 U CN 2012205869236U CN 201220586923 U CN201220586923 U CN 201220586923U CN 203286155 U CN203286155 U CN 203286155U
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glass tube
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heat absorption
infrared light
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M·巴凯
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Siemens Concentrated Solar Power Ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及玻璃管、吸热管和抛物槽收集器。一种具有玻璃管壁的玻璃管，玻璃管壁内表面至少部分包括至少一个红外光反射涂层。一种吸收太阳能并将太阳能传递给吸热管芯管内的传热流体的吸热管。芯管包括具有用于吸收太阳光的太阳吸收辐射的太阳能吸收涂层的芯管表面。芯管被作为封装件的具有红外光反射涂层的玻璃管包围。芯管表面和封装件布置成在芯管表面和具有红外反射表面的封装件壁内表面之间具有一距离以使太阳吸收辐射穿透具有红外光反射涂层的封装件且撞击太阳能吸收涂层。由芯管表面发射的红外辐射被反射回芯管且减少热损失。抛物槽收集器具有至少一个布置在抛物面镜焦线上的吸热管。抛物槽收集器用于太阳能发电站将太阳能转换成电能。

Description

玻璃管、吸热管和抛物槽收集器
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种玻璃管。此外，提供一种具有该玻璃管的吸热管以及具有该吸热管的抛物槽收集器。
背景技术
一种基于太阳能集中技术的太阳能发电厂的太阳能收集单元例如是一种具有抛物面镜和吸热管的抛物槽收集器。吸热管布置在镜的焦线上。太阳光通过镜的太阳光反射表面被聚焦到充注有传热流体的吸收管，传热流体例如是热油或者熔盐。借助于芯管(内管)的太阳辐射吸收涂层，吸热管吸收来自太阳的能量。来自太阳的能量被有效地耦合到传热流体。太阳能被转换成热能。
为了最小化热能损失，吸热管包括封装外玻璃(玻璃管)。玻璃管对太阳光是透明的，其围绕吸热管的内部中心不锈管同轴布置。内管和玻璃管之间的空间被抽空。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的一个目标是提供玻璃管热损失的额外减少，玻璃管被用作吸热管的封装件。
本实用新型进一步的目标是提供一种具有吸热管的抛物槽收集器，吸热管包括具有这种玻璃管的封装件。
这些目标通过在权利要求中确定的本实用新型实现。
提供一种具有玻璃管壁的玻璃管，其中玻璃管壁的内表面至少部分地包括至少一个红外光反射涂层。
玻璃管可以采用下面的步骤制作而成：该方法包括如下步骤：a)提供一种玻璃管，并且b)将红外光反射涂层附连到玻璃管的内表面上。
此外，提供一种用于吸收太阳能并且将吸收的太阳能传递给传热流体的吸热管，传热流体可以位于吸热管的芯管内部。芯管包括具有用于吸收太阳光的太阳吸收辐射的太阳能吸收涂层的芯管表面。芯管由作为封装件的具有红外光反射涂层的玻璃管所包围。芯管表面和封装件布置成芯管表面和具有红外反射表面的封装件壁的内表面之间具有一定距离以使得太阳吸收辐射能够穿透具有红外光反射涂层的封装件并且可以撞击太阳能吸收涂层。
此外，提供一种抛物槽收集器，包括：至少一个具有用于将太阳光聚集在太阳光反射表面的焦线上的太阳光反射表面的抛物面镜；以及至少一个布置在抛物面镜的焦线上的吸热管。替代地，具有线性菲涅尔(linear Fresnel)技术的太阳能收集器可以被实现。所以，包括有至少一个菲涅尔镜的线性菲涅尔镜收集器具有太阳光反射表面，用于将太阳光聚集在太阳光反射表面的焦线上，以及至少一个布置在菲涅尔镜的焦线上的吸热管。
玻璃管壁对于较宽波长范围的太阳射线是透明的。优选地，玻璃管的玻璃管壁包括玻璃(SiOx)。其它透明材料也是可行的。红外光反射涂层附连到玻璃管的内表面，作为用于红外光的镜。此时，由吸热管的芯管辐射的红外光被反射回芯管。吸热管总的热损失由于吸热管的芯管的红外光辐射而减少。
内表面可以在其整个周边上包括红外反射涂层。但是还有可能的是，玻璃管壁的内表面仅在内玻璃管表面的一部分周边上包括红外光反射涂层。例如玻璃管的内表面的一半被红外反射涂层覆盖。
使用槽技术，吸热管被布置在抛物面镜的焦线上。由于太阳光向下入射到槽式抛物体上，太阳光的射线在芯管周边的下半部分上为平行的。芯管周边的上半部分直接被太阳射线(估计大约为总入射射线的1.2％)以及散射射线撞击，散射射线来自镜面变形以及统计偏差(估计大约为总入射射线的0％-2％(这取决于两个分段涂层))。所以，优选地是将玻璃管壁的内表面分隔成两个区域。一个区域设置成与镜的太阳光反射表面面对面，其对全部的太阳光辐射具有高透射率。与此相反，与太阳面对面并且避开镜的太阳光反射表面的区域对于红外光具有高反射率。这会产生关于来自太阳的直接红外辐射的微小损失。但是通过芯管倍增的红外辐射发射所实现的热损失的减少弥补了该微小损失。
在玻璃管的一个实施例中，红外光反射涂层包括对波长小于1200nm的太阳辐射的透射率，该透射率选自0.5到0.99的范围并且优选地选自0.8到0.95的范围。红外光反射涂层对于该波长区域内的太阳光辐射差不多是透明的。
优选地，红外光反射涂层包括透明(电性)传导涂层(透明传导涂层，TCO)。在一个实施例中，透明传导涂层包括氧化锡(ZnO)。氧化锡优选地包括至少一种元素，其选自由铝、镓以及铟组成的组。这种元素可以是氧化锡的主要组分。
例如这种元素为铟并且氧化锡为氧化铟锡(InZnO，IZO)。这种元素还可以是掺杂剂。例如分别掺杂有铝和氧化铝(Al2O3)的氧化锡。
附加层可以被附连在红外光反射涂层上。附加层至少部分地或全部地覆盖红外光反射涂层。附加层对太阳的红外光为透明或接近于透明的。例如这种层为一种包括低折射率材料的层，低折射率材料例如为氧化铝(Al2O3)或氧化硅(SiO2)。
在玻璃管壁的表面和红外光反射涂层之间可以设置中间层。该中间层可以具有不同的功能。例如，中间层增强红外光反射涂层附连到玻璃管的内表面上的附连。
对于红外反射涂层的附连可以采用不同的技术。优选地，红外光反射涂层的附连借助至少一种技术实现，其选自由浸涂、喷涂以及原子层沉积组成的组。浸涂或喷涂适用于将红外光反射涂层部分地附连到玻璃管的内表面上(红外光反射涂层部分地覆盖玻璃管的内表面)，而原子层沉积(ALD)适用于完全覆盖玻璃管的内表面。使用除了TCO(Al2O3或者SiO2)之外的附加层以便优化保持在太阳光谱中的抗反射层同时在红外区域中的反射不会被中断(或者改变)。具有低指数材料(例如，SiOx)的最终层将被放置(例如通过浸涂)在玻璃管的两侧上。
抛物槽收集器可被用在发电站中用于将太阳能转化成电能。
附图说明
本实用新型进一步的特征和优点将通过示例性实施例的描述并结合附图而得出。附图是示意性的。
图1从侧面示出玻璃管的横截面。
图2示出具有吸热管的抛物槽收集器的横截面，吸热管包括具有玻璃管的封装件。
具体实施方式
提供一种具有玻璃管壁10的玻璃管1。玻璃管壁10的内表面11至少部分地包括至少一个红外光反射涂层12。玻璃管1为吸热管2的封装件20。
红外光反射涂层12包括氧化铟锡。红外光反射涂层12的厚度大约为135nm。
红外光反射涂层12被附加层13所覆盖。该附加层13包括氧化硅。在替代的例子中，附加层13包括氧化铝。附加层13的厚度大约为120nm。
下面可替换的序列如此实施：玻璃管内侧/Al2O3(30nm)/TCO(150nm)/Al2O3(50nm)/SiOx(120nm-浸涂)。
在红外光反射涂层12和玻璃管壁10的内表面11之间存在有中间层14。该中间层包括氧化铝。该中间层的厚度大约为85nm。
被玻璃管1包围的吸热管2的芯管21由钢制作而成。此外，芯管的芯管表面包括吸收太阳光(未示出)的吸收涂层。
实施例1：
通过对玻璃管的内表面进行半涂覆(浸涂和喷涂)，由于玻璃管上部的玻璃透射性的减小，α(对太阳光的吸收率)仅减小较小的比例(0.2％)。由辐射产生的热损失将减少20％-10％(从1000瓦/管到800-900瓦/管)。
实施例2：
玻璃管壁10的整个内表面11被红外光反射涂层12覆盖。为了制造而实施ALD 工艺。由此，由于整个玻璃管的太阳光透射性减小，α将减少1％-1.5％。但是另一方面，由辐射产生的热损失将减少40％-60％(从1000瓦/管到600-400瓦/管)。吸热管2为抛物槽收集器1000的一部分。抛物槽收集器1000包括至少一千具有太阳光反射表面31的抛物面镜3。太阳光通过反射表面31被聚集在抛物面镜3的焦线32上。聚集的太阳光被吸热管2吸收。
抛物槽收集器(以及相应地菲涅尔镜收集器)被用在太阳能发电站中用于将太阳能转换成电能。被加热的传热流体用于通过换热器产生蒸汽。蒸汽驱动被连接到发电机的涡轮机。发电机产生电流。

Claims (9)

1.一种玻璃管，该玻璃管具有玻璃管壁，其特征在于，玻璃管壁的内表面至少部分地包括至少一个红外光反射涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，红外光反射涂层包括对波长小于1200nm的太阳辐射的透射率，该透射率选自0.5到0.99的范围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，所述透射率选自0.8到0.95的范围。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，玻璃管壁的内表面在其周边的一部分上包括红外光反射涂层。
5.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，红外光反射涂层包括透明传导涂层。
6.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，红外光反射涂层被附加层覆盖。
7.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的玻璃管，其特征在于，在玻璃管壁的内表面和红外光反射涂层之间布置有中间层。
8.一种吸热管（2），用于吸收太阳能并将吸收的太阳能传递给能够位于吸热管（2）的芯管（21）内部的传热流体，其特征在于：
-芯管包括具有太阳能吸收涂层的芯管表面，太阳能吸收涂层用于吸收太阳光的太阳吸收辐射；
-芯管被具有根据权利要求1到8中任一项所述的玻璃管的封装件所包围，并且
-芯管表面和封装件被布置成在芯管表面和具有红外反射表面的封装件壁的内表面之间具有一定距离，使得太阳吸收辐射能够穿透具有红外光反射涂层的封装件并且能够撞击太阳能吸收涂层。
9.一种抛物槽收集器（1000），其特征在于包括：
-至少一个具有太阳光反射表面（31）的抛物面镜（3），太阳光反射表面用于将太阳光聚集在太阳光反射表面（31）的焦线（32）上；以及
-至少一个根据权利要求8所述的吸热管（2），所述吸热管布置在抛物面镜（3）的焦线（32）上。
CN2012205869236U 2011-09-30 2012-09-29 玻璃管、吸热管和抛物槽收集器 Expired - Fee Related CN203286155U (zh)

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