CN203101791U - Infrared-zoom light-field camera - Google Patents
Infrared-zoom light-field camera Download PDFInfo
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- CN203101791U CN203101791U CN 201220724287 CN201220724287U CN203101791U CN 203101791 U CN203101791 U CN 203101791U CN 201220724287 CN201220724287 CN 201220724287 CN 201220724287 U CN201220724287 U CN 201220724287U CN 203101791 U CN203101791 U CN 203101791U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an infrared-zoom light-field camera with a high spatial resolution and capable of realizing imaging at first and then focusing. The optical system of the camera comprises three parts, namely, a zoom objective lens 1, a micro-lens array 2 and a CCD (charge coupled device) photosensitive element 3, wherein the zoom objective lens 1 is equivalent to the objective lens of the traditional camera, the micro-lens array 2 is placed at the image surface of the zoom objective lens 1, and the CCD photosensitive element 3 is placed at the focal surfaces of the micro-lenses; one point on an object is focused on the micro-lens array 2 via the zoom objective lens 1, and then light intensities and different direction components are dispersed from a light ray via the micro-lenses, and arrive at the different image elements of the CCD photosensitive element 3 respectively, and then the light-field information of the object point is obtained; in order to achieve the maximum angular resolution, the consistency of the F-number of the zoom objective lens and the F-number of the micro-lens array needs to be ensured, or else, the aliasing of the light-field direction information and target space distribution is caused; and a definition evaluation is performed on images after a focusing parameter is changed in post image processing, and a series of images with different focuses can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of infrared camera, particularly a kind of infrared zoom light field camera, described camera utilizes microlens array to be recorded as the position of picture light and the four-dimensional light field information of angle, the scene information that camera is obtained is focused again and is obtained new image, finally realizes the purpose of focusing after the first imaging.
Background technology
The tradition imaging mode occurs losing Jiao, running burnt phenomenon when the platform generation shake of target of taking high-speed motion or camera easily.For high-speed moving object, when grasping at excellent a flash and guarantee picture clear be unusual difficulty.So, reduce the motion blur that high-speed moving object brings, general using shortens the time shutter or increases two kinds of methods in aperture of camera, can cause image gloomy yet shorten the time shutter, increases the camera aperture and can reduce the depth of field, makes the imaging blurred background.Be that recording light intensity distributes on photosensitive part during the traditional digital cameras imaging, the directional information of having lost light wave fields.When taking a plurality of target, focus often is aligned on some targets, and other target may the too small topography that causes of the depth of field be blured.So a large amount of optical information that traditional digital cameras can not captured target in imaging have lost the directional information of light, so the image later stage that traditional camera obtains can't focus on again.
The density that the luminous energy of light field density of radiation function representation all light in four-dimentional space flows, light field essence is carried two-dimensional position information (u exactly, v) with two-dimensional directional information (θ, four-dimensional light field function φ), the imaging core of light field camera are exactly the complete four-dimensional optical field distribution information of captured target.During the light field camera imaging, light arrives object lens from different angles, focuses on the different lenticules.Each micro lens is transformed into a small blurred picture with light, is received by the CCD photo-sensitive cell.And the light of those small blurred picture different pieces then passes through the different parts transmission of object lens.In this way, in Polaroid, the CCD photo-sensitive cell has write down by the position of every light of object lens and its angle.Therefore not only write down the summation that drops on each all light of photosensitive unit during the light field camera imaging, also write down the direction and the intensity of light.
The light field camera had added microlens array as a kind of novel imaging device before object lens and photo-sensitive cell, the pixel of corresponding several CCD photo-sensitive cells of each lenticule.The key problem of its imaging is exactly to obtain complete four-dimensional optical field distribution information, the light field camera by the recording light radiation in communication process four-dimensional position and the information of direction, only comparing, traditional imaging mode of record two dimension has more 2 dimensions, so in image reconstruction process, can obtain abundant image information more, obtain the image of the different depth of field, utilize software that picture is carried out focusing process, reach and take earlier the purpose of afterwards focusing, improve imaging definition target.Therefore shake because of movement of objects or platform when the light field camera can be to original shootings, cause the image of focus alignment to focus on again,, obtain the more information of target to obtain the picture of many different focus points, solved the traditional camera drop-out, problems such as out of focus.The light field camera has been broken through the limitation of conventional geometric imaging technique, and is higher than the camera image signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with identical depth of field, at aspects such as optical measurement, remote sensings important meaning arranged.
Summary of the invention
The utility model mainly is to lose Jiao, run burnt phenomenon in order to solve easy appearance, provides a kind of and takes earlier, the infrared zoom light field camera of back focusing.
Solution of the present utility model is to place microlens array 2 at the image planes place of varifocus objective 1, and CCD photo-sensitive cell 3 is placed on lenticular focal plane place.A bit focus on the microlens array plane 2 through varifocus objective 1 on the object, light disperses light intensity and different durection components through single lenticule then, arrives the different pixels position of detector respectively, promptly obtains the light field information of this object point.For reaching maximum angular resolution, need to guarantee that the picture side F number (f-number of camera) of main lens system is consistent with the F number of microlens array, otherwise the aliasing that can cause field orientation information and object space to distribute.
A bit focus on the plane of microlens array 2 on the target object through behind the varifocus objective 1, and after single lenticule branch sheds intensity and durection component, arrive the different pixels point of CCD photo-sensitive cell 3, promptly on pixel, obtain the light field information of this object point, finally produce a small pattern matrix on the CCD photo-sensitive cell, each lenticule becomes piece image to object.Every sub-picture has write down certain lenticular light position of arrival image planes, because the entrance pupil aperture is limited, so each lenticule all has certain field range, certain parallax is arranged between the different lenticules, thereby obtain the light intensity of object and the four-dimentional space information of radiation direction.
In the light field camera, lenticule is the effective resolution of limited images no longer.Complete resolution that can proximity transducer on the picture theory that obtains, i.e. nyquist frequency.If lenticule is regarded as image device, the interarea of varifocus objective and CCD sensor devices satisfy object-image relation.So, the pupil of varifocus objective system just in time covers some pixels of photodetector through single lenticule imaging, for reaching maximum angular resolution, need to guarantee that the F number of varifocus objective is consistent with the F number of microlens array, otherwise the aliasing that can cause field orientation information and object space to distribute.
Lenticular effect is to be imaged on the picture that varifocus objective obtains on the detector C CD photo-sensitive cell and to cover several pixels, is equivalent to the pupil of whole imaging system is divided into the experimental process aperture.If contain N * N lenticule in the microlens array, each lenticule has covered M * M CCD pixel again, and the primary mirror pupil then is split into M * M sub-aperture so, can access the digital focus image doubly than the clear M2 of traditional camera this moment.Lenticule is converted into the optical field distribution in the imaging system pixel output signal of CCD, and corresponding respectively with the two-dimensional direction information that the pixel position that the two-dimensional space positional information and the lenticule of microlens location reflection cover is reflected, realized the parsing of four-dimensional light field.Then light field data is gathered the back and handled the picture rich in detail that can obtain the different depth cross section.
The utility model is compared with existing infrared imagery technique, has following advantage:
When (1) infrared zoom light field camera is taken pictures, need not focusing.
(2) traditional camera of avoiding is because object rocks or because the platform vibrations cause picture shot fuzzy, utilize infrared zoom light field camera can obtain a series of not confocal pictures.
(3) the magazine varifocus objective assurance of infrared zoom light field light field camera both can be taken distant objects, can take in-plant target again.
(4) optical system of infrared zoom light field camera utilizes the PASSIVE OPTICAL formula to realize no thermalization design, makes camera to use in large-temperature range, avoids the influence to image quality of high temperature or low temperature.
(5) infrared zoom light field camera is not subjected to the restriction of illumination condition, can round-the-clockly use.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further specified.
Fig. 1 is the optical system diagram of infrared light field camera in short Jiao, middle Jiao, long burnt position.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of microlens array.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of data acquisition.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of image definition evaluation.
1 expression varifocus objective among the figure, preceding fixedly group in the 11 expression object lens, change in the 12 expression object lens is doubly organized, compensation group in the 13 expression object lens, the back fixedly group in the 14 expression object lens, 2 expression microlens arrays, 3 expression CCD photo-sensitive cells, the light of 4 expression different incidence angles, 5 expressions become the doubly motion track of group, the motion track of 6 expression compensation groups.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Among the following embodiment, if no special instructions, be conventional method.
The various units that use among the embodiment, the unified national standard that adopts.
Embodiment 1: the composition of optical system
The optical system structure of infrared zoom light field camera is seen Fig. 1, comprises varifocus objective 1, microlens array 2 and 3 three parts of CCD photo-sensitive cell.Microlens array 2 is placed at image planes place at varifocus objective 1, and the CCD photo-sensitive cell is placed on lenticular focal plane place.A bit focus on the microlens array plane 2 through varifocus objective 1 on the object, light disperses light intensity and different durection components through single lenticule then, arrives the different pixels position of detector respectively.
(1) varifocus objective
The structure of varifocus objective is fixed group 11 before varifocus objective comprises as shown in Figure 1, becomes and doubly organizes 12, and group 14 4 parts are fixed in compensation group 13 and back, and the glass material of each component all adopts silicon or germanium, is used for the transmitted infrared light line.
The zoom process is exactly that the focal length of optical system can change and the conjugate distance of image is constant within the specific limits continuously, just keeps the invariable and good process of image quality in image planes position.Thereby the varifocal optical lens can change field angle, the image of different sizes and the scenery scope of different sizes that focal length obtains different sizes within the specific limits, therefore in order to take target at a distance, can obtain scene nearby again, need carry out the zoom design object lens.In order to make the object lens continuous vari-focus of designing, adopt mechanical compensation method design camera lens.The zoom lens of mechanical compensation method, no matter simple in structure or complicated, fixing group 11 before generally comprising, become doubly organize 12, the fixing group of compensation group 13 and back 14 4 parts.When system during to the motion of long burnt position, can see that Zoom lens group 11 moves right according to straight line 5 by short burnt position, 12 groups of offset lens are moved to the left according to curve 6, and two lens combination are drawn close at the middle part.This needs high-precision cam driven to realize continuous vari-focus.
(2) microlens array, it is placed between varifocus objective and the CCD photo-sensitive cell, and the distance between microlens array and the photo-sensitive cell is f, i.e. the focal length of microlens array.Microlens array has N * N independently lenticule, be covered with M * M detector pixel below each lenticule, microlens array can regard that defocuses an element as, and target is defocused on several detector cells by the focusing picture point that preposition optical system became, and forms vague image; In addition, microlens array on the CCD photo-sensitive cell and cover several detector pixels, is equivalent to the pupil imaging of varifocus objective whole pupil and is detected the device unit and has been divided into the experimental process aperture.The scene image of each lenticule record same position different visual angles promptly promptly obtains N * N image on the CCD photo-sensitive cell.The signal of CCD pixel output is not the energy integral conversion of target by whole pupil like this, but corresponding to the energy integral conversion of target by lenticular certain sub-aperture, promptly correspondence the directional information of target.The image that is obtained on the CCD photo-sensitive cell is the space distribution and the directional information of target emanation like this, and the image that promptly obtains just can show more target information.
In order to make full use of directional resolution, make lenticule can cover more detector pixel as far as possible, the angular resolution that guarantees varifocus objective is consistent with the angular resolution of microlens array, therefore the F number of microlens array must equal the F number of varifocus objective, thereby it is not can make lenticule cover maximum imaging scope, and overlapped.If the F number of microlens array is less than the F number of varifocus objective, the scope that then covers the CCD photo-sensitive cell under the lenticule will overlap, and produces signal cross-talk.If the F number of microlens array is greater than the F number of varifocus objective, then microlens array can not cover all scopes of CCD photo-sensitive cell, can cause the waste of part pixel.Wherein the structural representation of microlens array as shown in Figure 2, it can utilize photoetching or sol-gel technique to obtain.
(3) CCD photo-sensitive cell, it is placed on the focal plane of microlens array, and seizure process varifocus objective and microlens array are imaged on the picture on the photo-sensitive cell.Each microlens array covers several CCD photo-sensitive cell pixels.If lenticule is regarded as image device, the interarea of varifocus objective 1 and detector array 3 satisfy the image conjugate relation.So the pupil of varifocus objective system just in time covers some pixels of photodetector through single lenticule imaging.
Embodiment 2: the no thermalization design of system
The camera of generally designing is supposed to work at normal temperatures, when the residing environment temperature of system changes, all elements in the optical system all can change along with variation of temperature, all can change as glass materials refractive index, radius-of-curvature, thickness etc., the image planes of system are drifted about, cause out of focus, image quality is reduced greatly.Especially the optical system of institute's the utility model camera is operated in infrared band, because the thermal expansivity of infra-red material is very more responsive to variation of temperature than the high 1-2 of a visible light order of magnitude, therefore is necessary very much to study the no thermalization technology of infrared optical system.For the image quality that guarantees the light field camera is not subjected to Temperature Influence, need system not had the thermalization design, thereby the assurance system keeps focal length in a bigger temperature range, picture element is constant or change very little.The no thermalization technology of system comprises: mechanical passive type, electronics is active and the PASSIVE OPTICAL formula.Wherein the no thermalization of PASSIVE OPTICAL formula design is that optical glass with the different temperatures characteristic is complementary, and correcting chromatic aberration and heat are poor, and the influence of temperature to picture element eliminated in the thermal expansion of mating mechanical structured material then.The performance of PASSIVE OPTICAL formula temperature compensation is fine, and reliability is high, and is in light weight, and cost is low, need not power supply, so more suitable for camera.Above-mentioned no thermalization method for designing all belongs to those skilled in the art's selection commonly used, for example " the no thermalization design of infrared optical system ".
Embodiment 3: data acquisition system (DAS)
Target light enters camera by camera lens, target is focused on the CCD photoelectric coupled device, and convert light signal to electric signal; Convert digital signal to through A/D converter (A/D) then; Signal is compressed and converted to specific image file format by microprocessor (MPU) again and be stored on the storage card, wherein storage card can use repeatedly; The image of storage can manifest on the LCD of camera immediately, and can in time make amendment or delete, and can also be transferred in the computing machine by output interface, carries out Flame Image Process and editor.
The current digital image collection mainly contains dual mode, and a kind of is special-purpose data collecting card, cooperates the image data such as various high speed data lines of PC.Another kind method is based on the acquisition method of DSP embedded or FPGA, utilizes the data channel of DSP to come image data.The collecting method of light field camera is selected second kind, its data acquisition system (DAS) as shown in Figure 3, exactly echo signal is cured to a large-scale integrated circuit (IC) chip of camera motherboard, charge information under in imaging process CCD being accumulated is carried out acquisition process, and the scene image that obtains is compressed, shows and stores.Camera adopts advanced data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, can promote the operation response speed of camera integral body, makes camera possess more advanced arithmetic capability, can handle a large amount of image datas at short notice, effectively suppress the noise operation, speed is faster, and focusing speed and accuracy significantly improve.
Power unit comprises internal battery and external power supply interface, for the camera charging, prolongs its service time at any time.Interfaces for external devices comprises it being various external interfaces, such as USB, and various card slots etc., Portable computer is connected with camera, obtains and stores image of camera data etc. into.
Embodiment 4: the evaluation flow process of image definition.As shown in Figure 4, concrete evaluation procedure comprises following four steps:
(1) at first utilizes the light field camera to obtain two-dimentional light field image double integral and be converted into four-dimensional light field data.
(2) in spatial domain or frequency domain, selected corresponding focusing parameter obtains width of cloth two dimension light field image to four-dimensional light field data reconstruct.
(3) a selected window (zone) in the two-dimentional light field image that obtains, utilize functions such as Tenengard function, image transformation as evaluation function, the picture material of choosing is carried out the sharpness evaluation, obtain the objective appraisal functional value under this focusing parameter, the selection of focusing function is most important to the evaluation of image definition.
(4) change the focusing parameter, repeat the sharpness evaluation is carried out in selected zone, can obtain the appraisal curve of focusing.
Finally, by changing the focusing parameter, light field data is handled realized the numeral focusing, thereby obtain the picture of a series of different focus points clearly.
In addition; infrared zoom light field phase function in the utility model realizes taking afterwards earlier and focuses; equivalence on shape, structure and the feature that every design spirit of utilizing light field camera in the utility model is made changes or modifies and realize taking the light field camera of afterwards focusing earlier, all thinks to fall in the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. one kind infrared zoom light field camera comprises varifocus objective (1), microlens array (2) and (3) three parts of CCD photo-sensitive cell, and places successively on light path, and the light-dividing device that it is characterized in that system is a microlens array.
2. infrared zoom light field camera according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: varifocus objective is the continuous vari-focus object lens, and fixing group (11) before comprising becomes doubly group (12), the fixing group of compensation group (13) and back (14) four parts, the glass material of each component all adopts silicon or germanium.
3. infrared zoom light field camera according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the CCD photo-sensitive cell is placed on the focal plane of microlens array, and stationkeeping is constant.
4. infrared zoom light field camera according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: each lenticule covers the pixel of several CCD photo-sensitive cells.
5. infrared zoom light field camera according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the F number of microlens array equates with the F number of varifocus objective.
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| CN104469110A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-25 | 西北工业大学 | Light field collecting device with changeable angle sampling number |
| CN105635530A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-06-01 | 北京蚁视科技有限公司 | Light field imaging system |
| WO2016188269A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-12-01 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Image collection device |
| CN107347133A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-14 | 合肥芯福传感器技术有限公司 | A kind of dual sensor camera |
| CN107976791A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-05-01 | 湖北久之洋红外***股份有限公司 | A kind of super large multiplying power continuous zooming uncooled ir camera lens |
| CN108431660A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-21 | 泰勒斯公司 | The full light zoom of range optimization |
| CN108600623A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Refocusing display methods and terminal device |
| CN108700794A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 阿尔马伦斯公司 | Foldable imaging system with lens array |
| CN109683429A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of method of the small big visual field camera job stability of F number under promotion complex environment |
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| CN105635530A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-06-01 | 北京蚁视科技有限公司 | Light field imaging system |
| CN105635530B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2019-04-30 | 北京蚁视科技有限公司 | Optical field imaging system |
| CN104469110B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-07-21 | 西北工业大学 | The optical field acquisition device of variable-angle hits |
| CN104469110A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-25 | 西北工业大学 | Light field collecting device with changeable angle sampling number |
| WO2016188269A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-12-01 | 电信科学技术研究院 | Image collection device |
| CN108431660B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2020-11-27 | 泰勒斯公司 | Range optimized plenoptic zoom |
| CN108431660A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-21 | 泰勒斯公司 | The full light zoom of range optimization |
| CN108700794A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-10-23 | 阿尔马伦斯公司 | Foldable imaging system with lens array |
| CN107347133A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-14 | 合肥芯福传感器技术有限公司 | A kind of dual sensor camera |
| CN107976791B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-02-07 | 湖北久之洋红外***股份有限公司 | Super-large-magnification continuous zooming uncooled infrared lens |
| CN107976791A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-05-01 | 湖北久之洋红外***股份有限公司 | A kind of super large multiplying power continuous zooming uncooled ir camera lens |
| CN108600623A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Refocusing display methods and terminal device |
| CN109683429A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of method of the small big visual field camera job stability of F number under promotion complex environment |
| CN110171565A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-27 | 南京绿新能源研究院有限公司 | A kind of unmanned plane and its detection method for photovoltaic plant fault detection |
| CN110171565B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2020-03-24 | 南京绿新能源研究院有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle for fault detection of photovoltaic power station and detection method thereof |
| CN110441234A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-12 | 上海御微半导体技术有限公司 | A kind of zoom cylinder mirror, defect detecting device and defect inspection method |
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