Background technology
The foot bolt of the main equipment in nuclear power station such as main pump, evaporator, trunk line etc. is the infrastructure that ensures main equipment and nuclear safety, needing regularly these bolts to be carried out stress detects, and according to the stress testing result, bolt is analyzed, the remaining pretightning force of judgement bolt, and make the preventative maintenance strategy.
Can utilize in the prior art pump fitted bolt stretcher to carry out fastening to bolt or dismounting, wherein bolt tensioning jack is the hydraulic power source that provides by fluid power booster (superpressure oil pump), determine tensile force according to tensile strength, yield factor and the length growth rate of material, the expansion force of utilizing superpressure oil pump to produce, the bolt of the power of being applied in is elongated in its elastic deformation area, diameter of bolt slight deformation, thereby make nut be easy to become flexible, also can be used as in addition the device that hydraulic pressure excessively full connection applies axial force, push up to press and install.Stretcher can make and the dismounting fastening by definite value simultaneously of a plurality of bolts, cloth power is even, be a safety, efficiently, instrument efficiently, be fastening and the optimal path of the bolt of dismounting all size, be widely used in the fields such as petrochemical complex, nuclear power, wind-powered electricity generation, water power, thermoelectricity, boats and ships, railway, Aero-Space, mining, heavy-duty machinery.But adopt pump fitted bolt stretcher only can carry out fastening or dismounting to bolt, can not detect field apparatus bolt unrelieved stress situation.
Can utilize the ultrasound wave bolt detector to detect bolt stress in prior art, but when adopting the ultrasound wave bolt detector to measure bolt pretightening, the original state that must measure in advance bolt could be measured the pretightning force of bolt afterwards, particularly, hyperacoustic oscillator is placed on a side of bolt and is used for generating a pulse, and this pulse is passed down through the whole length of bolt. and pulse is reflected back and pulse turns back on hyperacoustic oscillator at opposite side. and test cell is then measured the travel-time of signal.This action need first carries out under no load state in order to record reference length, in case securing member is fastened good, then repeats this operation, and the difference in the travel-time of securing member under idling and stress state is used to set up stress as a result.But, because the initial stage of installing of these main equipments in nuclear power station does not require bolt to carry out ultrasonic bolt detection pretightning force, so these bolts there is no the initial ultrasound measurement data, therefore, utilize the ultrasound wave bolt detector to detect bolt stress and have no idea to realize.
Summary of the invention
The application provides a kind of data collector for the detection of nuclear power station bolt stress and the bolt stress pick-up unit that uses this harvester.
According to the application's first aspect, the application provides a kind of data collector that detects for the nuclear power station bolt stress, comprises bolt tensioning jack and hydraulic pump, and described bolt tensioning jack has the bolt tension position, and described hydraulic pump is communicated with bolt tensioning jack, also comprises:
Be used for the first collecting unit of the tensile force data of collection bolt tensioning jack output, described the first collecting unit is arranged on the output channel of hydraulic pump;
The second collecting unit that is used for the stretching displacement data of collection tensile bolt, described the second collecting unit are positioned at top, bolt tension position;
Be used for gathering the 3rd collecting unit of tensile bolt ultrasound data, described the 3rd collecting unit is positioned at top, bolt tension position.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit are placed on top, bolt tension position side by side.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described the first collecting unit comprises the power sensor, and described power sensor is located on the pressure piping of hydraulic pump.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described the second collecting unit comprises displacement transducer.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described the 3rd collecting unit comprises ultrasonic sensor.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described bolt tensioning jack comprises support, piston cylinder, piston and draws mother, described piston cylinder is fixedly mounted on support, and be communicated with hydraulic pump, described piston is contained in piston cylinder slidably, the described mother of drawing is fixedly connected on piston, and draws and have the internal thread that coordinates with tensile bolt on mother.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, also comprise the Data collecting conversion device, described the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit all are connected with Data collecting conversion device signal.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, pressure release section is set on the pressure piping of hydraulic pump.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described bolt tensioning jack adopts hydraulic elongator, single-stage automatically reset stretcher, multistage stretcher or the replaceable nut stretcher of automatically reseting.
In a kind of more specifically embodiment, described hydraulic pump adopts electric hydraulic pump, pneumatically powered hydraulic pump or hydraulic hand-pump.
According to the application's second aspect, the application provides a kind of nuclear power station bolt stress pick-up unit, comprising:
Data collector as described in above-mentioned any one embodiment;
Data collecting conversion device, described the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit all are connected with Data collecting conversion device signal;
Be used for the data that collect are processed and calculated the data processor of bolt stress, described data processor is connected with Data collecting conversion device signal.
The application's beneficial effect is:
In the application, the data collector that is used for the detection of nuclear power station bolt stress can utilize the bolt tensioning jack tensile bolt, utilizes simultaneously the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit to gather respectively the tensile force data of bolt tensioning jack, stretching displacement and the tensile bolt ultrasound data of tensile bolt.The Data Integration that in conjunction with the Data collecting conversion device in bolt stress pick-up unit in the application, data collector is collected again also is input in data processor, by data processor, bolt stress is processed and calculated to the data that collect, completing the bolt unrelieved stress detects, and according to the stress testing result, bolt is analyzed, the remaining pretightning force of judgement bolt, and make the preventative maintenance strategy.
Employing the application nuclear power station bolt stress pick-up unit can also stretch to the bolt that does not meet designing requirement, dismounting and change, and according to again stretch pretension and obtain quantitative data of standard, can accurately judge the fixing state that reaches the antidetonation bolt of nuclear power main equipment, this equipment can be in the situation that do not change the bolt band and carry, in the situation that lack the data such as length before bolted, stress, realize the judgement to the bolt unrelieved stress.On the other hand, stretching displacement and three groups of aggregation of data of tensile bolt ultrasound data by bolt tensioning jack tensile force data, tensile bolt are analyzed, can improve the accuracy that the remaining pretightning force of bolt is detected, reduce error, so that formulate more accurately preventive measure.
Embodiment
By reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment.
In the embodiment of the present application, nuclear power station bolt stress pick-up unit comprises data collector, Data collecting conversion device and data processor.
This data collector comprises bolt tensioning jack, hydraulic pump, the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit.This bolt tensioning jack has the bolt tension position, to tensile bolt (tensile bolt is and need to stretches and detect the bolt of unrelieved stress by bolt tensioning jack) when stretching tensile bolt be fixed in the bolt tension position.This hydraulic pump is communicated with bolt tensioning jack, for bolt tensioning jack provides stretching power.This first collecting unit is used for gathering the tensile force data of bolt tensioning jack output, and the second collecting unit is used for gathering the stretching displacement data of tensile bolt, and the 3rd collecting unit is used for gathering the tensile bolt ultrasound data.Wherein the first collecting unit is communicated with the pressure piping of hydraulic pump, and the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit are positioned at top, bolt tension position.
The first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit all are connected with Data collecting conversion device signal, and the Data collecting conversion device is connected with the data processor signal.The tensile force data of the bolt tensioning jack output that is gathered respectively by the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and the 3rd collecting unit, stretching displacement and the tensile bolt ultrasound data of tensile bolt are integrated and are transferred in data processor by the Data collecting conversion device, by data processor, bolt stress is processed and calculated to the data that collect, completing the bolt unrelieved stress detects, and according to the stress testing result, bolt is analyzed, the remaining pretightning force of judgement bolt, and make the preventative maintenance strategy.
Data collector and the bolt stress pick-up unit that adopts the application to be used for the detection of nuclear power station bolt stress can also stretch to the bolt that does not meet designing requirement, dismounting and change, and according to again stretch pretension and obtain quantitative data of standard, can accurately judge the fixing state that reaches the antidetonation bolt of nuclear power main equipment, this equipment can be in the situation that do not change the bolt band and carry, in the situation that lack the data such as length before bolted, stress, realize the judgement to the bolt unrelieved stress.On the other hand, stretching displacement and three groups of aggregation of data of tensile bolt ultrasound data by bolt tensioning jack tensile force data, tensile bolt are analyzed, can improve the accuracy that the remaining pretightning force of bolt is detected, reduce error, so that formulate more accurately preventive measure.
Below describe with specific embodiment.
Embodiment one:
Please refer to Fig. 1-3, the present embodiment one provides a kind of data collector for the detection of nuclear power station bolt stress, and it comprises bolt tensioning jack 1, hydraulic pump 2, the first collecting unit 3, the second collecting unit 4 and the 3rd collecting unit 5.
Only schematically show out bolt tensioning jack 1 in Fig. 1, wherein high-voltage tube 21 connects hydraulic pump 2 and bolt tensioning jack 1.Bolt tensioning jack 1 is the executive component of realizing bolt tension, and the concrete structure of this bolt tensioning jack 1 please refer to Fig. 2, and bolt tensioning jack 1 comprises support 11, piston cylinder 12, piston 13 and draws female 14.This support 11, piston cylinder 12, piston 13 and draw female 14 according to Standard shown in Fig. 2, the middle part of bolt tensioning jack 1 is the bolt tension position, be used for fixedly tensile bolt 9, particularly, the bolt tension position is that ladder is poroid, tensile bolt 9 heads are stuck on support 11, and its bar section stretches in this shoulder hole, wherein draws the internal thread that coordinates with tensile bolt 9 is set on female 14.
Piston cylinder 12 is fixedly mounted on support 11, and piston 13 slidably is loaded in piston cylinder 12, piston 13 middle part perforates, draw female 14 1 ends to be contained in the through hole at piston 13 middle parts, the other end is provided with boss, props up the end of piston 13, and tensile bolt 9 is spirally connected fixing with drawing the internal thread hole on female 14.
Have high pressure liquid interface 15 and power sensor interface 16 on piston cylinder 12.The high-voltage oil liquid of hydraulic pump 2 outputs is delivered to piston cylinder 12 through high-voltage tube 21, moves on the piston 13 in piston cylinder 12 under pressure, drives to draw female 14 to move up.Draw mother 14 and tensile bolt 9 thread connection, thereby elongate tensile bolt 9, make tensile bolt 9 elongations reach desired deflection, then Deformation control carries out pretension or field-strip within regime of elastic deformation, the mode by fluid power or mechanical return makes the work bolt reply original shape at last, fulfil assignment, as pressure release section is set on high-voltage tube, after completing wait stretching, unlatching pressure release section carries out pressure release, and stretcher is set back.
This pressure release section can adopt needle-valve to carry out pressure release.Bolt tensioning jack can also adopt single-stage automatically reset stretcher, multistage stretcher or the replaceable nut stretcher etc. of automatically reseting except hydraulic elongator shown in the present embodiment one.
Hydraulic pump 2 is communicated with piston cylinder 12 by high-voltage tube, is used for the input high pressure liquid, in order to make piston 13 endwisely slip along tensile bolt 9, draws female 14 also to move axially along tensile bolt 9 thereby drive, thereby pulls tensile bolt 9.This hydraulic pump 2 can adopt electric hydraulic pump 2, pneumatically powered hydraulic pump 2 or hydraulic hand-pump 2 etc.
In the present embodiment one, the first preferred employing power sensor of collecting unit 3 carries out the collection of the tensile force data of bolt tensioning jack output, with the power sensor setting to high-voltage tube, in order to gather the pressure of hydraulic oil and then calculate the tensile force of bolt tensioning jack.
This second collecting unit 4 preferably adopts displacement transducer to carry out the stretching displacement data acquisition of tensile bolt, in the present embodiment one, displacement transducer is fixedly installed on the top, bolt tension position of bolt tensioning jack by gauge stand 6, please refer to Fig. 1, when utilizing 1 pair of tensile bolt 9 of bolt tensioning jack to stretch, displacement transducer can collect the change in displacement of tensile bolt 9.Please refer to Fig. 3, this gauge stand 6 comprises fixed part 61, connecting link 62 and installation portion, and this fixed part 61 is used for the installation position 111 of gauge stand 6 fixing and lockings at support 11 shown in Figure 2.Grip between connecting link 62, in order to regulate height according to actual conditions.This installation portion 63 is used for the installing force sensor, as being fixedly connected with by being spirally connected, is convenient to later on dismounting.
The 3rd collecting unit 5 preferably adopts ultrasonic sensor to carry out tensile bolt 9 ultrasonic data acquisitions, not only can further calculate the unrelieved stress of bolt according to ultrasound data, can also identify the health status of present tensile bolt 9, in order to determine whether to change bolt.
Output for the ease of data, the Data collecting conversion device can also be set, the first collecting unit 3, the second collecting unit 4 and the 3rd collecting unit 5 all are connected with Data collecting conversion device signal, the Data Integration that each collecting unit is gathered is being exported by the Data collecting conversion device is unified to Data collecting conversion device place.
Embodiment two:
Please refer to Fig. 4, the present embodiment two provides a kind of nuclear power station bolt stress pick-up unit, and it comprises disclosed data collector in Data collecting conversion device 7, data processor 8 and embodiment one or according to the data collector of implementing a described scheme distortion and obtaining.
The data that this Data collecting conversion device 7 collects data collector are transported in data processor 8, data processor 8 adopts the existing processor that can carry out logical operation, the computing method that data processor sets are carried out logical operation, draw the unrelieved stress of tensile bolt 9.
Further, the present embodiment two provides a kind of tensile force data of bolt tensioning jack, the stretching displacement of tensile bolt and method that the tensile bolt ultrasound data calculates the tensile bolt unrelieved stress utilized.
Please refer to Fig. 5, the steps include:
1. data pre-service
At first carry out the data pre-service, the backhaul data of each data is removed, determine the afterbody end point, determine abnormity point by the normal fluctuation range of data, and removed.
2. data filtering
Consider that displacement transducer, ultrasonic sensor and power sensor have undesired signal in test process, at first original signal is processed and adopted filtering method to solve.Small echo (wavelet) filtering principle of work: wavelet transformation is to be the stack of a series of wavelet functions bunch with signal decomposition, adopt multiscale analysis (Multi-Scale Analysis) method that analyzed signal is decomposed on different scale, process by hierarchical signal the purpose that reconstruct is again processed to reach signal.Get Daubechies (db9) small echo, utilize the 8th layer of wavelet coefficient that decomposes to be reconstructed, compare with the raw sensor waveform, can extract the dynamic process of sensor measurement signal.
Because wavelet packet analysis (Wavelet Packet Analysis) technology has not only been carried out further decomposition to the signal low frequency coefficient, and HFS is carried out further decomposition, thereby improved time frequency resolution.Fast discrete WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION formula is [4]: by
Ask
With
The discrete wavelet packet reconstruction formula is: by
With
Ask
Adopt Daubechies (dbN) small echo in practical application, thresholding is selected to adopt and is forced the denoising Processing method, and the coefficient in 16 to 30 nodes in the WAVELET PACKET DECOMPOSITION structure all is set to 0.And then the residue multilayer signal is reconstructed.
3. curve derivative
Look for filtered knee point according to the second derivative maximal value, computing formula:
The actual window differential technique that adopts realizes, namely selected window size, determine according to 10% of data total length usually, as window size sw=20, retardation time dt=sw; If time series is m, first order difference is:
dx1(m)=xx1(m+dt/2)-xx1(m-dt/2);
dy1(m)=(yy1(m+dt/2)-yy1(m-dt/2))/dx1(m); (3)
As window size sw=30, retardation time dt2=sw; If time series is m, second order difference is:
ddx1(m)=dx1(m+dt2/2)-dx1(m-td2/2);
ddy1(m)=(dy1(m+dt2/2)-dy1(m-td2/2))/ddx1(m); (4)
4. critical traction pressure automatic analysis
Curve is carried out the internal stress change information that the analysis of second order characteristic derivative is used for obtaining curve, and this unique point shows that a certain garnishment of bolt is estranged from, the maximal pressure force that this point is critical traction pressure.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete embodiment further description made for the present invention, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace.