CN202974420U - Three-dimensional combined hydrophone - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the hydrophone field and especially relates to a three-dimensional combined high-directivity hydrophone which has capabilities of synchronously measuring sound pressure, particle vibration velocities, and vibration velocity first-order space partial derivatives in a concurrent way. The three-dimensional combined hydrophone comprises two-dimensional vector hydrophones, a sound pressure hydrophone and a rigid frame. The two-dimensional vector hydrophones are hung on the central positions of the rigid frame. The sound pressure hydrophone is fixed on the central position of the rigid frame. The vector hydrophones are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the sound pressure hydrophone in pairs. By only using six two-dimensional vector hydrophones and one sound pressure hydrophone, the three-dimensional combined hydrophone can fully measure the sound pressure, the particle vibration velocities and the vibration velocity space first-order partial derivatives in an underwater plane wave sound field and further completely measure all the components of the sound pressure, the particle vibration velocities and the vibration velocity space first-order partial derivatives. The three-dimensional combined hydrophone with a simple structure has more sharpening directives.

Description

The box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group

Technical field

The utility model relates to the nautical receiving set field, is specifically related to a kind of box-like high directivity nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group that synchronous concurrent is measured acoustic pressure, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity single order space partial derivative ability that has.

Background technology

The high directivity nautical receiving set is the sensor that a kind of synchronously concurrent is measured acoustic pressure (one-component), particle vibration velocity (three components) and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative (nine components) in harmonious plane wave sound field under water, displacement and the acceleration isovector of the vibration velocity of water particle and water particle acoustic pressure gradient, vibration can convert mutually, and the vibration velocity space single order partial derivative of water particle can be changed mutually with dyads such as water particle acoustic pressure space second-order partial differential coefficient, vibration displacement space single order partial derivative and acceleration space single order partial derivatives.The nautical receiving set that the high directivity nautical receiving set is compared other types has more sharp-pointed directive property and the directional gain of Geng Gao, its combination directivity pattern (the normalization directive property of acoustic pressure, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative weighted sum)-the I of 3dB beam angle reaches 65 °, directional gain 9.5dB, and the combination directivity pattern of the vector hydrophone of widespread use at present-3dB beam angle minimum can only reach 104 °, directional gain 6dB.Therefore, the high directivity nautical receiving set has very wide application prospect in the fields such as detecting and locating of target.

Have at present and publish about patent and the document of high directivity nautical receiving set on a small quantity, the nautical receiving set that this class has a high directivity has adopted numerous sensor in order to reach the purpose of measuring vibration velocity space single order partial derivative, cause hydrophone structure complicated, poor reliability, although some high directivity nautical receiving sets simplify the structure, can't the perfect measurement acoustic pressure, whole components of particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative.Therefore, the utility model has designed and produced a kind of simple in structure, and synchronously concurrent is measured the box-like high directivity nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group of whole components of acoustic pressure in harmonious plane wave sound field under water, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide the more box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group of sharpening of a kind of simple in structure, directive property.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that

The box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group, comprise two-dimensional vector hydrophone, pressure hydrophone, rigid frame, two-dimensional vector hydrophone hangs on the center of rigid frame, and pressure hydrophone is fixed in the center of rigid frame, and vector hydrophone is symmetrically distributed in the both sides of pressure hydrophone in twos.

Two-dimensional vector hydrophone is 6, and pressure hydrophone is 1, and pressure hydrophone is positioned at the rectangular coordinate system origin position, and two-dimensional vector hydrophone is symmetrically distributed in respectively on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis of initial point both sides in twos.

Two-dimensional vector hydrophone equates to the distance of pressure hydrophone.

The distance of homoaxial two-dimensional vector hydrophone is less than wave length of sound.

Two-dimensional vector hydrophone, pressure hydrophone are assembled by rigid frame and are fixed into the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group.

Rigid frame is made by stainless steel material.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

The utility model only utilize six two-dimensional vector hydrophones and pressure hydrophone just can perfect measurement the acoustic pressure in the plane wave sound field, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative under water, can the perfect measurement acoustic pressure, whole components of particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative, simple in structure, directive property is sharpening more.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the box-like nautical receiving set sensitive element of three-dimensional group spatial distribution map;

Fig. 2 is the vector hydrophone structural representation;

Fig. 3 is that pressure hydrophone is fixed in rigid frame structure figure;

Fig. 4 is the box-like nautical receiving set space structure of three-dimensional group figure;

Fig. 5 is plane wave directivity schematic diagram;

Fig. 6 is the box-like hydrophone directivity figure of three-dimensional group.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described further.

For the complete acquisition sound field information such as the acoustic pressure in harmonious plane wave sound field, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative under water, the utility model proposes the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group, combined by six two-dimensional vector hydrophones and a pressure hydrophone.Vector hydrophone 1, vector hydrophone 2 are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of x axial coordinate initial point, and sensitive axes is to being x, z axle; Vector hydrophone 3, vector hydrophone 4 are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of y axial coordinate initial point, and sensitive axes is to being x, y axle; Vector hydrophone 5, vector hydrophone 6 are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of z axial coordinate initial point, and sensitive axes is to being y, z axle, and each two vector hydrophone spacing on axially is L, in order to guarantee measuring accuracy, should satisfy L＜＜λ, λ is wave length of sound; Pressure hydrophone 7 is placed in the true origin of rectangular coordinate system, as accompanying drawing 1.

The box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group also has following features:

(1) vector hydrophone and pressure hydrophone 7 are positioned at the geometric center of rigid frame 12;

(2) sensitive axes of vector hydrophone to symmetrical hook 10 at same plane;

(3) the vector hydrophone sensitive axes on different coordinate axis is to the place planar quadrature;

(4) seven rigid frames 12 can be assembled as required.

In actual measurement, with reference to accompanying drawing 1, the acoustic pressure p at O place, the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group center is recorded by pressure hydrophone 7, three vibration velocity component (u _x, u _y, u _z) two vector hydrophone measurements by each on axially average and obtain, nine vibration velocity space single order partial derivative components $(\∂u_x/\∂x,{\∂u}_y/\∂y,{\∂u}_z/\∂z,{\∂u}_x/\∂y,{\∂u}_y/\∂x,{\∂u}_x/\∂z,{\∂u}_z/\∂x,$ ${\∂u}_y/\∂z,{\∂u}_z/\∂y)$ Two vector hydrophones on axial by each obtain approximate value through finite differences.

The combination directivity function of the acoustic pressure of the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity space single order partial derivative can be expressed as

W wherein _p, w _x, w _y, w _z, w _xx, w _yy, w _zz, w _xy, w _xz, w _yzBe any weighting coefficient,

As shown in Figure 5, θ be incident plane wave at the angle of rectangular coordinate system xoy plane and x axle, be called level orientation v angle,

Angle for incident plane wave and rectangular coordinate system z axle is called the angle of pitch.A, b, c are respectively three vibration velocity component u _x, u _y, u _zThe normalization directivity function, a ², b ², c ²Be respectively

The normalization directivity function, ab is

With The normalization directivity function, ac is

With The normalization directivity function, bc is

With

The normalization directivity function.The directional gain of the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group can be expressed as

Wherein, θ ₀Be the angle of directive property maximum value direction at rectangular coordinate system xoy plane and x axle,

Be the angle of directive property maximum value direction and rectangular coordinate system z axle, therefore

Be called normalization combination directivity function.Will have influence on shape and the directional gain of directivity pattern to the different values of weighting coefficient, weighing nautical receiving set performance a kind of directivity pattern commonly used is the directivity pattern that is called " maximum sensitivity index ", as weighting coefficient w _p=1, w _x=-2a ₀, w _y=-2b ₀, w _z=-2c ₀,

w _xy=-10a ₀b ₀, w _xz=-10a ₀c ₀, w _yz=-10b ₀c ₀,

Make θ ₀=0 °, Be that directivity pattern principal maximum direction is pointed to rectangular coordinate system x axle positive dirction, can obtain the directivity pattern of the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group " maximum sensitivity index ", as shown in Figure 6, directivity pattern main lobe-65 ° of 3dB beam angles, directional gain DI=9.5dB, directivity pattern can be by adjusting θ ₀With

The principal maximum direction is aimed at any locus, and directional gain and directivity pattern shape all do not change.

As shown in Figure 2, the sensitive axes of two-dimensional vector hydrophone to symmetrical four hooks 8 at same plane.Pressure hydrophone 7 is fixed in the center of rigid frame 12 by web member 10, as shown in Figure 3.Vector hydrophone is hung on the center of rigid frame 12 with flexible material 13, flexible material 13 embeds in groove 11, avoids sliding on framework, notes the sensitive axes of vector hydrophone in the suspension process to corresponding with Fig. 1, and hang is corresponding with Fig. 4.Every crossbeam of rigid frame 12 has pilot hole 9, will assemble as shown in Figure 4 with the rigid frame 12 of vector hydrophone and pressure hydrophone, and the box-like nautical receiving set 14 of three-dimensional group is namely assembled and completed.

The method of measuring sound field below in conjunction with 1 pair of the utility model of accompanying drawing is for a more detailed description:

The box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group synchronously concurrent is measured acoustic pressure in sound field under water, particle vibration velocity and vibration velocity single order space partial derivative.Utilize pressure hydrophone 7 can directly measure the acoustic pressure amount p at O place, the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group center, three components of particle vibration velocity u can utilize averaging method to measure by vector hydrophone 1-6:

$u_x=\frac{u_{1x}+u_{2x}}{2}$

$u_y=\frac{u_{3y}+u_{4y}}{2}---\left(3\right)$

$u_z=\frac{u_{5z}+u_{6z}}{2}$

Wherein, u _1xBe the particle vibration velocity x axial component that vector hydrophone 1 records, u _2xBe the particle vibration velocity x axial component that vector hydrophone 2 records, u _3yBe the particle vibration velocity y axial component that vector hydrophone 3 records, u _4yBe the particle vibration velocity y axial component that vector hydrophone 4 records, u _5zBe the particle vibration velocity z axial component that vector hydrophone 5 records, u _6zThe particle vibration velocity z axial component that records for vector hydrophone 6.According to the equation of motion of small amplitude wave in perfect medium, suppose that sound wave is harmonious plane wave, has

$-\mathrm{j\ω}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{0}u=\▿p---\left(4\right)$

ρ wherein ₀Static Density when there is no disturbance in medium,

Angular frequency=2 π f, f is the frequency of sound wave in medium, by following formula as seen, the particle vibration velocity that obtains medium can obtain acoustic pressure gradient.Continuation is asked single order space partial derivative to the right and left of following formula, has

$-\mathrm{j\&omega;}{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_0\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;x}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;y}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;z}\\ \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;x}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;y}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;z}\\ \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;x}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;y}& \frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;z}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}\frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}p}{\&PartialD;x^2}& \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;y}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;x}& \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;z}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;x}\\ \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;x}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;y}& \frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}p}{\&PartialD;{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y"\; filenames="HDA00002311519200011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}}^2}& \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;z}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;y}\\ \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;x}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;z}& \frac{\&PartialD;}{\&PartialD;y}\frac{\&PartialD;p}{\&PartialD;z}& \frac{{\&PartialD;}^{2}p}{\&PartialD;z^2}\end{array}\right]---\left(5\right)$

Therefore, the vibration velocity space single order partial derivative that obtains medium can obtain acoustic pressure space second-order partial differential coefficient.In the plane wave sound field, the curl of particle vibration velocity is 0, therefore

$\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;y}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;x},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;z}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;x},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;z}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;y}---\left(6\right)$

The measurement of vibration velocity space single order partial derivative is utilized the method for finite-difference approximation partial differential:

$\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;x}\&cong;\frac{u_{1x}-u_{2x}}{L},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;y}\&cong;\frac{u_{3y}-u_{4y}}{L},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;z}\&cong;\frac{u_{5z}-u_{6z}}{L}$ $\left(7\right)$

$\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;x}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;z}\&cong;\frac{u_{1z}-u_{2z}}{L},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;y}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;x}\&cong;\frac{u_{3x}-u_{4x}}{L},\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;z}=\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;y}\&cong;\frac{u_{5y}-u_{6y}}{L}$

Wherein, u _1z, u _2zBe the particle vibration velocity z axial component that vector hydrophone 1, vector hydrophone 2 record, u _3x, u _4xBe the particle vibration velocity x axial component that vector hydrophone 3, vector hydrophone 4 record, u _5y, u _6yThe particle vibration velocity y axial component that records for vector hydrophone 5, vector hydrophone 6.Continuity equation in amplitude sound field little of desirable quiescent atmosphere supposes that sound field is harmonious, has

$\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_1}{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_0}=\frac{j}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}\{\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;x}+\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;y}+\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;z}\}---\left(8\right)$

ρ wherein ₀Static Density when there is no disturbance in medium, ρ ₁For sound wave by the time Media density this variable, according to the relative variation of Principles of Acoustics to Media density, the i.e. definition of decrement s:

$s=\frac{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_1}{{\mathrm{\&rho;}}_0}---\left(9\right)$

Therefore, decrement s can be expressed as

$s=\frac{j}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}\{\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_x}{\&PartialD;x}+\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_y}{\&PartialD;y}+\frac{{\&PartialD;u}_z}{\&PartialD;z}\}---\left(10\right)$

Claims (6)

1. box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group, comprise two-dimensional vector hydrophone, pressure hydrophone, rigid frame, it is characterized in that: two-dimensional vector hydrophone hangs on the center of rigid frame, pressure hydrophone is fixed in the center of rigid frame, and vector hydrophone is symmetrically distributed in the both sides of pressure hydrophone in twos.

2. the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described two-dimensional vector hydrophone is 6, pressure hydrophone is 1, pressure hydrophone is positioned at the rectangular coordinate system origin position, and two-dimensional vector hydrophone is symmetrically distributed in respectively on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis of initial point both sides in twos.

3. the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described two-dimensional vector hydrophone equates to the distance of pressure hydrophone.

4. the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the distance of described homoaxial two-dimensional vector hydrophone is less than wave length of sound.

5. the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described two-dimensional vector hydrophone, pressure hydrophone are assembled by rigid frame and are fixed into the box-like nautical receiving set of three-dimensional group.

6. the box-like nautical receiving set of a kind of three-dimensional group according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described rigid frame is made by stainless steel material.

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