CN202956007U - Header two-channel heat absorption heat exchanger with opening type communicated cold water pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a header two-channel heat absorption heat exchanger with opening type communicated cold water pipes. The heat exchanger comprises two headers, ends of the two headers are welded with end cover plates respectively, and two or more heat supply pipes are welded between the two headers. The heat exchanger is characterized in that a multi-hole middle plate is arranged in each header along the longitudinal direction, each header is divided into two half headers by each multi-hole middle, inner half headers are welded with the heat supply pipes, outer half headers correspond to the inner half headers, one or more cold water pipes is/are inserted into the heat supply pipes, positions of the multi-hole middle plates, which correspond to ports of the heat supply pipes, are provided with one or more cold water pipe mounting holes, two end ports of the cold water pipes are welded with hole walls of the multi-hole middle plates, the cold water pipes penetrate through the inner half headers to be communicated with cavities of the outer half headers, a warm air inlet and a warm air outlet are welded and communicated with the inner half headers respectively, and a cold water inlet and a cold water outlet are welded and communicated with the outer half headers respectively. According to the heat exchanger, multiple barrier wall absorbed heat and water storage type inner stored heat are stepwise transmitted, the heat absorption area is increased, heat can be rapidly absorbed, heat loss can be reduced, the temperature is changed in a gradient mode, and the heat exchanger is efficient.

Description

Header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger

Technical field

It is the warm heat radiation heating exchange hydrophone of interchangeable hot water taking bathing again that the utility model relates to a kind of installing and using on family's heat supplying pipeline, is specifically related to a kind of header binary channels cold water pipe opened type and is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger.

Background technology

The applicant's Patents:

1, application on February 10th, 1998, the utility model name is called " heating shower heat exchanger ", and the patent No. is 98220257.1, and Granted publication day is on June 23rd, 1999, Granted publication CN2325709Y.

2, application on November 2nd, 2003, denomination of invention is " heat dissipation heat exchanger ", and the patent No. is 200310105391.5, and open day is on October 27th, 2004, publication number CN1540275A.

3, application on February 4th, 2007, the utility model name is called " antiscaling heat exchanger ", and application number is 200720018426.5, January 9 2008 Granted publication day, Granted publication CN201003913Y.

In the above patent of the applicant, housing is heating pad passage; Inner tube is that the cold water channel two ends connects cold water pipe inlet/outlet pipe joint, and the cold water endothermic tube is reciprocal coiling copper pipe length 15～25m in heating pad passage, and heat exchange method is reverse-flow or mixed-flow.Above-mentioned prior art, along with the reduction of the development of science and production technology and heating water temperature and be eliminated.The Home Heating mode is changed into the ground heating type heating from former wall hanging piece (heating installation) chip at present, that is: lay diameter 20mm spacing 200mm heating installation pipe network under the floor, floor large tracts of land heat radiation, the heating water temperature is from reducing to and only need 45 degree heating more than former 70 degree, and indoor temperature can reach the above temperature of 20 degree.Existing heat exchanger technology has been not suitable with the requirement of the low coolant-temperature gage of current heating, obviously Shortcomings and design are unreasonable, the cold water endothermic tube in the heating tube cavity one-pipe reciprocating disk around absorbing heat and heat release produces the temperature crossover phenomenon, mean temperature difference is descended, heat exchange efficiency is low, heat-transfer area is little, the heat of hot fluid can not get being completely absorbed, the dead angle weak effect is retained in heat exchange, the hot water of exchange output pipe internal memory cools off gradually after 1～3 minute and can not exchange continuously heat outputting washing bath use, and the interior deposition dirt that produces of cold water pipe can't the acid cleaning.

Prior art exists that heat exchange efficiency is low, heat transfer area is little, weak effect, the easy fouling of cold fluid pass stop up can't pickling and manual cleaning, use cost are high, the various metals material is in conjunction with welding manufacturing process complexity, easily produces electrochemical corrosion, the life-span is short, the large amount of labour used of manufacture difficulty many and high material consumption high in cost of production defect.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome, above-mentioned prior art heat transfer area is little, heat exchange efficiency is low, single tube channel enclosed formula reciprocating disk is poor around endothermic effect, in cold water pipe easily fouling stop up, can not pour into the defects such as acid solution is cleaned and can't be dredged, the life-span is short.The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of same metal material material making and takes full advantage of effective thermal source, in reaching, the heating tube cavity by the small product size size, single cold water pipe passage is set in half header cavity, two cold water pipe passages or branched cold water pipe passage, cold water pipe passage two ends opened type cavity is communicated with, many partitions absorb heat and storage-type internal memory heat ladder transmits, increase endotherm area, heat absorption fast, reduce heat loss, the high-performance heat exchanger that temperature changes in gradient, provide especially a kind of header duplicate rows passage cold water pipe open at both ends formula to be communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:

A kind of header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, comprise: two headers, the end of two headers has been welded to connect respectively the termination cover plate, two and above heating tube have been welded to connect between two headers, it is characterized in that: in described two headers, the inside of each header is vertically arranged with plate in porous, and in porous, plate is divided into two and half headers by each header; Half header be welded to connect with heating tube is interior half header, and second half corresponding header is outer half header; Be interspersed with one and above cold water pipe in described heating tube, in porous, plate is being provided with one and above cold water pipe installing hole with every heating tube mouth of pipe corresponding position, in cold water pipe two-port and porous, the plate hole wall is welded to connect, and cold water pipe is communicated with outer half header cavity through interior half header; Heating installation import and heating outlet are communicated with interior half header welding respectively; Cooling water inlet and cooling water outlet are communicated with outer half header welding respectively.

Be communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger according to described header binary channels cold water pipe opened type, it is characterized in that: in described, in inner and/or outer half header of half header, flow distribution plate is not set; One or two and above flow distribution plate perhaps are set in interior half header; Perhaps half header arranges one or two and above flow distribution plate outside.

The beneficial effects of the utility model:

1, the utility model is the two cavity header bodies of a kind of novel circular tube shape or square tube shape; In porous, plate is divided into interior half hot fluid cavity passage, outer half cold fluid water storage diffluence room cavity passage to header.Pipe, sheet material are same metal " 304 " material design of material, cold water pipe arranges single, two or the connection of branched pipe opened type welding cavity, and in single file, duplicate rows or the many partitions of multirow passage and porous, plate synchronously absorbs the interior storage ability of swimming high-performance heat exchanger of heat.According to size and the heating surface area size of the number of the temperature of heat supply district heating and heating tube pipe, length, bore, select flexibly number, length dimension, the caliber size of cold water pipe pipe.Take full advantage of for heat energy expansion endotherm area and interior heat accumulation ability of swimming and, increase the heat transfer area that the ladder heat transfer has reasonably increased unit volume, the abundant many partitions of the heat of hot fluid are absorbed to conversion, reach rational increase heat-transfer surface area, improve the purpose of heat transfer effect.Both save material and also be convenient to clean the technique effect that incrustation reduces manufacture and recruitment cost.

2, the advantage that cold water pipe pipe opened type cavity is communicated with: the welding of cold water pipe straight length opened type is communicated with, and between the cold water pipe tube and tube, without communicating pipe connection, straight length two-port cavity, is communicated with, and bigbore pipe dirt is difficult for absorption and stops up.Suppose that branched certain cold water pipe of tubule is set deposition dirt obstruction etc. occurs in different switching phases, do not affect other pipe exchange yet and absorb heat, the unchanged effect of cooling water outlet flow is without impact, and dirt is difficult for absorption and stops up, even if produce the incrustation scale obstruction, is easy to manual cleaning.During cleaning, open outer half header plate of an end and just can dredge cleaning, also manually acid filling liquid cleans, and from header top delivery port, pours into acid solution, and the chemical reaction of generation half header cavity outside the water storage diffluence room of two ends occurs, and dirt is discharged through the cold water pipe outlet simultaneously.Having solved the prior art two ends is the inlet-outlet connector of cold water pipe, once single Zhi Guanzi length at heating tube cavity inside enclosed reciprocating disk around producing very small sediment incrustation, just be easy to stop up full tunnel, not water outlet or cold water water flow are very little can't be used, generate incrustation scale and can not pour into acid solution, technological deficiency that can't cleaning and dredging.The great advantage of cold water pipe opened type cavity UNICOM is to press flexibly number, the caliber size of the mouth of pipe footpath size Selection cold water pipe of product specification or volume size and heating tube list arm.Not only save material but also reached the purpose design of heat transfer effect.

3, design feature of the present utility model: the header cavity is divided into interior half hot fluid cavity, and outer half is cold fluid cavity water storage, and in porous, plate is divided into the duplicate rows passage and is communicated with without communicating pipe, heating tube pipe and cold water pipe pipe two ends opened type cavity communication loop; Cold water pipe, according to flexibility settings such as product casing specification size, single heating tube mouth of pipe caliber size, heating surface area size, water quality alkalinity, water hardness situations, arranges one, two or two above cold water pipes as required.One, two cold water pipes are adapted to big-and-middle specification product and the water quality alkalinity is large, water hardness is higher area arranges, and reduce incrustation and stop up cold water pipes, and one, two is medium-large caliber pipe water storage heat absorption type.Two above cold water pipes are adapted to the small dimension product, the quick heat absorption type of small-bore pipe water storage, but the higher regional small dimension product of the large water hardness of water quality alkalinity also is adapted to the setting of two above heavy caliber cold water pipes, reduces the incrustation blocking pipe.Saved material, be convenient to clean incrustation and reached again heat transfer effect.Cold and hot two kinds of fluid opened types exchange many partition heat absorptions and inner storing water formula, reduce flow resistance, the heat transfer condition of cold and hot two kinds of fluids flowing space ambassador heat-transfer area both sides in heat exchanger approaches, and reduces the defects such as the round flow velocity erosion corrosion welding bead often of fluid turnover.In cold fluid water storage diffluence room and cold water pipe, stored hot water plays and enables large the supplementing of heat exchanger hourly water consumption, and the amount that stores water makes up the slow defect of hot fluid temperature rate of circulating flow on the low side.The water-holding quantity of water storage diffluence room and the savings of cold water pipe, increasing in varying degrees cold fluid flow process length, has extended the time of heat exchange, and the hot water of savings internal memory has increased heat transfer effect.In many partitions areola endothermic tube and hot fluid PARALLEL FLOW process, heat is all absorbed without staying dead angle, its technique effect reaches the heat output of maximum possible.

4, the utility model arranges one of cold water pipe, the advantage of two by the specification size of product: large-scale specification product (specification product that 1m is above) the large long flow path of heating surface area arranges branched cold water pipe waste material, a cold water pipe is set in the heating tube cavity and adopts external diameter 25～38mm bore pipe, the exchange of heat-absorbing water-storage formula, save material and can reach best heat transfer effect again.Medium-sized specification product (the following specification product of 1m contains 1m) arranges two cold water pipes in the heating tube cavity, adopt external diameter 18～22mm bore pipe, stored hot water in half header cavity outside stored hot water and water storage diffluence room in pipe, play and enable large the supplementing of heat exchanger hourly water consumption, the amount that stores water makes up the slow defect of hot fluid temperature rate of circulating flow on the low side, it is long that the cold water that during output hot water, the heat exchanger lower end covers stops heat time heating time in the cold water pipe cavity, in cold fluid and hot fluid PARALLEL FLOW process, heat is all absorbed without staying dead angle to exchange, its technique effect reaches the heat output of maximum possible.Prior art fixedly touch formula one-pipe closed communication reciprocating disk around, can't select number, the caliber size of cold water pipe calculate the technological deficiency of needed heating surface area by product specification size.Small dimension product heat exchange efficiency is low can't be used, and it is also very poor that big-and-middle specification product has been wasted material result.

5, the utility model arranges the branched advantage of cold water pipe by the specification size of product: small-sized specification product (the following specification product of 80cm contains 80cm) the little flow process of heating surface area is short, branched small-bore cold water pipe must be set in the heating tube cavity, increase heating surface area, branched cold water pipe is set and is covered with many partitions of heating tube cavity intussusception heat Fast Heating, form the MTD that cold fluid multichannel adverse current can be larger, the thinner flow of heated fluid of cold water pipe caliber penetrates the water-holding quantity of the many partition heat absorption of cold flow layer and water storage diffluence room through heat conduction, cold fluid obtain fully conversion be absorbed heat to etc. boundary's point, improved the heat exchange efficiency of small-sized specification product, save the technique effect of material.

6, the utility model technical pattern is brought new technique effect: low temperature heating can be changed hot water taking and continuously export, solve the heating water temperature lower than in 45 ° of water temperature situations, heating installation transition heat hydrophone can reach cold fluid delivery outlet coolant-temperature gage and the synthermal technique effect of hot fluid inlet water temperature degree, and output hot water successively flows and can meet the Best Practical that the user has a bath.Based on current low temperature heating heat transfer conditions, prior art " hot Bao Leng " heat exchanger with collected boxes, cool off the hot water of cold water pipe tubule internal memory 1～3 minute output can not exchange output hot water again and use (to absorb heat few because of the fast cold water pipe of cold fluid flow speed).The utility model cold water pipe opened type UNICOM can need to arrange cold water pipe by the product specification size, form in heating tube arrange one of cold water pipe, two for stored hot water in the heat absorption of heavy caliber passage and with or the many partitions of small-bore branched passage absorb that heat is fast, two ends opened type welding cavity connectivity structure designs, in outer half header reservoir chamber, porous, plate absorbs heat Upwards channel transfer heat, strengthens heat absorption and improves heat output.The expansion heat transfer area increases ladder and conducts heat, and two kinds of parallel reverse flows of fluid can make mean temperature difference improve and transmit more heat, larger increase heat absorption radius, reduce heat loss, its purpose, the heat that every heating tube is flowed through absorbs exchange without dead angle fully from each position of low-temperature space.It is inwhole that the preheating one-phase absorbs heat, water storage diffluence room internal memory hot water is from the lower conversion heat that hoists, enter from outer half header cavity the flow regime that the cold water pipe passage changes fluid, improve the turbulence pulsation degree, realize absorbing fast heat in second stage, the temperature of going round and beginning again increases in gradient and boundary's point such as reaches.Realizing that the exchange radius of curvature equates two kinds of relatively independent fluid PARALLEL FLOW opposite directions, increase mean temperature difference, is Wang heat transfer coefficient, the most desirable heat exchanger effectiveness, best heat transfer effect.

By changing heat-transfer surface shape and size, in order to increase convection transfer rate, cold water pipe also can adopt special pipe as elliptical tube, helix tube, bellows etc. .The Elliptical pipe is less than pipe in the long-pending lower equivalent diameter of same cross-sectional, therefore the coefficient of heat transfer is large.Due to the variation of surface configuration, fluid will constantly change direction in flowing and speed impels turbulent extent to strengthen.The boundary layer thickness attenuate is therefore can strengthen conducting heat.More increased the tt surface area conducted heat, increased heat transfer area and store the water yield in unit volume.Two kinds of fluid PARALLEL FLOW opposite directions, in the import and export temperature of fluid under identical condition, the mean temperature difference maximum of adverse current.Boundary's point stage quadravalence sections such as it is divided into the preheating endothermic phase, the quick stage of absorbing heat, slow endothermic phase, insulation.It is to be cold water pipe inlet/outlet pipe joint in the traditional heat exchangers two ends, one-pipe is in the coiling of heating tube cavity spirality or " Z " or the closed length coiling of serpentine, the prior art structure can't form amount of turbulence and stir fluidized bed, on the poor basis of heat-transfer effect, and the application augmentation of heat transfer.The utility model structure and technology are are constantly researched and developed improvement, to the once great technological improvement of all kinds of heat exchangers of tradition.Improve performance and the structural shape of existing heat exchanger, one-pipe length sealing coiling flow process, change cold water pipe opened type cavity into and be communicated with the water storage flow process, the number that cold water pipe is set flexibly by volume size and the heat transfer area of heat exchanger.Arrange in every heating tube pipe in one, two heavy calibers and to store ability of swimming or branched small-bore cold water pipe pipe opened type cavity is communicated with the transmission design that many partitions absorb heats, in porous, plate absorbs the hot water amount who stores in half header outside the heat water storage diffluence room cold water pipe place turbulization amount of flowing through, stirring fluidized bed increases caloric receptivity, and the ladder transmission improves heat exchange efficiency again.Change the prior art process structure, its structure is more compact more fully the heat of hot fluid, in flow process, is completely absorbed and is directly proportional.New technical pattern produces and brings new technique effect, and when specific heat is definite value, the variation of fluid temperature (F.T.) is directly proportional to the heat of absorption (or emitting), is that structure and manufacturing technology embody, creative.

7, cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavities are indoor can synchronously arrange flow distribution plate or flow distribution plate is not set: header is horizontal heating tube and vertically installs, heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged in same end next time enterprising on half header cover plate, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet advance under going out on being arranged on the outer half header cover plate of the other end, can flow distribution plate be set in the outer half header water storage diffluence room of hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid, form the synchronous counter-flow heat exchange structure of branched heating tube and cold water pipe.The vertical heating tube of header is laterally installed, upper entering and lower leaving on half header cover plate in heating installation import, heating outlet setting at one end; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet advance under going out on being arranged on the outer half header plate wooden partition of same end one side, in the outer half header water storage diffluence room of hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid, a plurality of flow distribution plates can synchronously be set, and form a heating tube and cold water pipe counter-flow heat exchange structure.The vertical heating tube of header is laterally installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet setting be outer half below, header plate wooden partition top at one end; In interior half header cavity, communicate, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of the other end or the cold water import and export are arranged on termination, two header diagonal angles cover plate upper and lower, in the outer half header water storage diffluence room of hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid, flow distribution plate can be set, form the mixed-flow heat exchange structure.

8, the utility model erection joint advantage is set: by the design standard of market heating network or the design of zones of different non-standard users; Be adapted to the requirement of pipe network tandem or parallel installation, the installation site of heating installation import, heating outlet, cooling water inlet, four inlet-outlet connectors of cooling water outlet needs can select flexibly to arrange by pipe network.Be arranged on flexibly on interior half header closing panel or on outer half header plate wooden partition, press the vertical or horizontal flexible installation of layout of steric requirements and heating network between domestic hygiene, adequately and reasonably utilize space and save mounting material.Erection joint of the present utility model and the direct UNICOM of heating tube plenum chamber.Four erection joints of prior art wherein two must be connected with the inner disc pipeline, then weld again with termination cover plate or header plate wooden partition, can't realize installing flexibly in length and breadth, and increase by two welding points and be equivalent to increase by two leakage points.The utlity model has substantial difference progressive significantly.

The utility model selects same metal material material in conjunction with being easy to weld the advantage of manufacturing: cold water pipe and heating tube, plate in porous, interior half header orifice plate, outer half header plate, cover plate, heating installation mouth tube connector, flow distribution plate, the first-class whole selections of mounting pipe silk adopt stainless steel " 304 " material steel, pipe, sheet material, the same metal of scolder " 304 " material material, the advantage that is easy to the welding manufacture is many, reduce the various metals material, manufacture the complex process program of welding, reduce the recruitment cost, with the combination of material stack pile, be easy to pickling, passivation, clean welding bead and protect welding bead, exchange hot water is pure pollution-free clearly.The identical mechanical property of metal material density of material of the same type is identical, can make each parts junction, simultaneous adaptation thermal stress, temperature difference pressure change, produce the identical pulling-out force equilibrium of internal stress, selection with the metal material material in conjunction with manufacture, select thinner stainless steel tube, sheet material, reduce costs, being easy to the equidirectional embedding of tube sheet piercing and flanging is easy to pinch side weld and connects, strengthen weld strength, the ability of resistance to deformation or destruction is strong, pinches side weld and connects minimizing pore interlayer, weld seam is difficult for breach and leaks, and the product Durability of prolonging life is long.With the metal material material, can avoid in use procedure producing electrochemical corrosion and leak, the electrode potential difference of the metal of unlike material, and form the galvanic corrosion that the galvanic couple battery produces, affect the defects such as product quality, the life-span is short, practical cost is high.

9, heating tube and cold water pipe arrange as required: heating tube is chosen as pipe Φ 50～76mm pipe, thickness is 0.7～0.91mm or square type pipe 75 * 45 * 1.2mm, 60 * 40 * 1.0mm Guan, Elliptical pipe etc., rule of thumb data roughly calculate the heating surface area of cold water pipe to save material, and can reach heat transfer effect and accomplish the economy target design of making the best use of everything, by product specification, size, heating tube number, bore, the difference of size or the height situation of user area heating water temperature etc., can increase and decrease flexibly number and caliber size that cold water pipe is set.The product cold water pipe of small-sized specification adopts small-bore branched stainless steel tubule, presses in the ordinary course of things heating tube mouth of pipe footpath, in heating tube in various degree arrange 3～5, the cold water pipe external diameter is 9.5～16mm bore pipe.Medium-sized specification product arranges 2～3 cold water pipes in a heating tube, and the cold water pipe external diameter is 18～22mm bore pipe.Large-scale specification product arranges 1～2 cold water pipe in a heating tube, and the cold water pipe external diameter is 25～38mm bore pipe, and inner storing water has increased the operation length of cold fluid, has extended the time of heat exchange.The utility model is the most economical one design, best heat transfer effect.

10, through repetition test result repeatedly: facts have proved, the same specification product, the same length of cold water endothermic tube, same bore, stack pile, same material, synthermal, pressure definite value, the closed coiling heat absorption type of prior art cold water pipe one-pipe length, with one of the utility model cold water pipe, two arm heat-absorbing water-storages and absorb heat opened type cavity with formula or the many partitions of manifold and be communicated with and compare, exchange heat outputting coolant-temperature gage difference is but very large.Compared with the prior art the utility model has improved the heat transfer effect of three times, and cooling water outlet coolant-temperature gage and heat supply heating installation inlet water temperature degree reach boundary's point such as synthermal, successively heat outputting washing bath.Solve existing heat exchanger technology output hot water 1～3 minutes and can not export the technological deficiency of hot water with regard to the exchange that progressively cools off.

11, the utility model has with the temperature and pressure condition adapts and pinches limit plane-welding new technology: what be not subject to destruction pinches limit from the fusion welding, and weld seam forms welding bead single-sided welding two-sides forming, and it is even zero that water leakage ratio significantly descends.Thin-wall stainless steel tube sheet piercing and flanging is pinched side weld and is connect the difficulty that has reduced the argon arc welding welding and save the scolder of welding, improves the speed of welding, and weld seam product appearance U.S. be can't see in outside, part welding bead junction.Pinching limit coincide and to pinch side weld and connect from fusing plane-welding new technology weld strength double-walled tube sheet in the allowed band of thermal expansion force, temperature difference pressure, thermal stress, compression, the stress corrosion that the thermal stress of minimizing at the welding point place may cause and breaking, solved the technical barrier of intercrystalline corrosion welded seam fatigue life, realized welding accessible vision in the heating tube orifice plane accessible.Pinch limit and reduced from fusing the operation of plane-welding new technology the difficulty that prior art Stainless Steel Tubular Plates connecting pipe connection welding is manufactured.The utility model heating tube termination parts are realized computer automation control argon arc welding welding, reduce labour intensity and recruitment cost, have saved human resources, save the welding wire energy and material, improve production efficiency and product quality, and the practical periodicity of product is long.

12, the utility model compact conformation, the simple efficiency of manufacturing process is high, the production and processing steady quality is reliable, finishing convenience, economical rationality, reliable, most economical one design.Single channel, binary channels or multichannel opened type cavity are communicated with the water storage heat absorption, heat transfer area increases, and stores water heat absorption use, changes the flow regime of heat-transfer surface shape and size and cold fluid, improve amount of turbulence and increase the ladder heat transfer, improve heat exchange efficiency, effective, meet customer requirements, reasonably utilize the vertical or horizontal flexible installation in space, save mounting material, lightweight convenient transportation, and save the logistics transportation cost, be a kind of heat exchanger of innovative efficient energy-saving.Replace existing heat exchanger technology.The utlity model has substantive technology difference, compared with the prior art having outstanding substantive distinguishing features is apparent with significant progress.

The accompanying drawing explanation

The structural representation that Fig. 1 is the utility model the first embodiment.

The top view that Fig. 2 is Fig. 1.

The partial enlarged drawing that Fig. 3 is I place in Fig. 1.

The stereogram that Fig. 4 is outer half header plate of C shape in the utility model.

The stereogram that Fig. 5 is the outer half header plate other direction of C shape in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is A-A cutaway view in Fig. 5.

The stereogram that Fig. 7 is the interior half header orifice plate of C shape in the utility model.

B-B cutaway view in Fig. 8 Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of plate in porous in the utility model.

Figure 10 is the C-C cutaway view in Fig. 9.

Figure 11 be the utility model while being the pipe header in outer half header plate of C shape, porous in plate, C shape half header orifice plate be welded to connect into the sectional structure chart of tubular header.

Figure 12 is the utility model stereogram of half header orifice plate in flute profile while being rectangle (rectangle) or rectangular tube header.

The stereogram that Figure 13 is the utility model outer half header plate of flute profile while being rectangle (rectangle) or rectangular tube header.

When Figure 14 is rectangle (rectangle) or square header in plate in outer half header plate of flute profile, porous, flute profile half header orifice plate be welded to connect the sectional structure chart of rectangularity (rectangle) or square header.

Product top view when Figure 15 is rectangle (rectangle) or square header.

The structural representation that Figure 16 is the utility model the second embodiment, in figure, heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged on respectively the above and below of outer half header side plate wall, and direct or connection tube connector is communicated with interior half header through plate in outer half header and porous respectively; A cold fluid flow distribution plate is installed in outer half header of a side that is provided with cooling water outlet, cooling water inlet.

Figure 17 is the structural representation of plate in porous in the second embodiment shown in Figure 16.

Figure 18 is the schematic diagram in the third embodiment of the utility model.

In accompanying drawing: 1, cooling water outlet; 2, termination cover plate; 3, heating installation import; 4, heating tube; 5, cold water pipe; 6, half header orifice plate in C shape or flute profile; 7, termination cover plate; 8, outer half header plate of C shape or flute profile; 9, plate in porous; 10, hot fluid flow distribution plate; 11, cold fluid flow distribution plate; 12, termination cover plate; 13, heating outlet; 14, termination cover plate; 15, cooling water inlet; 16, outer half header plate of C shape or flute profile; 17, cooling water outlet installing hole; 18, cooling water inlet installing hole; 19, heating tube installing hole; 20, cold water pipe installing hole; 21, cold fluid water storage diffluence room; 22, hot fluid plenum chamber.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the utility model is described in further detail:

The utility model header binary channels cold water pipe opened type be communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 9, comprise: two headers, the end of two headers has been welded to connect respectively termination cover plate 2,14,7,12, two and above heating tube 4 have been welded to connect between two headers, in two headers, the inside of each header is vertically arranged with plate 9 in porous, and in porous, plate 9 is divided into two and half headers by each header; Half header be welded to connect with heating tube 4 is interior half header, and second half corresponding header is outer half header; Be interspersed with one and above cold water pipe 5 in described heating tube 4, in porous, plate 9 is being provided with one and above cold water pipe installing hole 20 with every heating tube mouth of pipe corresponding position, cold water pipe 5 two-port are connected with plate hole wall welding 9 in porous, and cold water pipe 5 is communicated with outer half header cavity through interior half header; Heating installation import 3 and heating outlet 13 are communicated with interior half header welding respectively; Cooling water inlet 15 and cooling water outlet 1 are communicated with outer half header welding respectively.

In inner and/or outer half header of half header, flow distribution plate is not set in described; One or two and above flow distribution plate perhaps are set in interior half header; Perhaps half header arranges one or two and above flow distribution plate outside.

Described header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: described heating installation import 3, heating outlet 13 are installed respectively and are welded on interior half He Xia two ends, cover plate upper end, header orifice plate termination, with interior half header, be communicated with respectively, perhaps heating installation import 3, heating outlet 13 are installed respectively the above and below that is welded on outer half header side plate wall, and direct or connection tube connector is communicated with interior half header cavity through plate welding in porous; Described cooling water inlet 15, cooling water outlet 1 are installed respectively the outer half header wooden partition above and below that is welded on the same side, with outer half header welding, be communicated with, perhaps cooling water inlet 15, cooling water outlet 1 are installed respectively on the termination cover plate 14,2 that is welded on the outer half He Xia two ends, header upper end of a side and with outer half header welding and are communicated with, or cooling water inlet 15, cooling water outlet 1 are welded on the termination cover plate at the half upper and lower two ends of header outside both sides 14,7 and are communicated with outer half header cavity in diagonal angle respectively.

In described, half header comprises half header orifice plate 6 in C shape or flute profile, and the two ends of heating tube 4 are welded on respectively on the heating tube installing hole 19 of half header orifice plate 6 in C shape or flute profile, and heating tube 4 is communicated with into housing with half header orifice plate welding in C shape or flute profile; In C shape or flute profile, the open side of half header orifice plate 6 is welded with plate 9 in porous, and in porous, plate 9 punching presses have cold water pipe connecting hole 20; Be interspersed with cold water pipe 5 in heating tube, interior half header cavity, cold water pipe 5 two-port are communicated with the hole wall welding opened type cavity of plate in porous 9; In the interior half header orifice plate 6 of C shape or flute profile, heating tube 4, porous, plate 9, upper and lower interior half termination cover plate 2,14,7,12 form hot fluid plenum chamber 22 passages; In described porous, outer half header plate 8,16 of plate 9 opposite sides and C shape or flute profile is welded to connect, the end of outer half header plate 8,16 of C shape or flute profile is connected with outer half termination cover plate 2,14,7,12 outside weldings respectively, and in cold water pipe, porous, outer half header plate of plate, termination cover plate, C shape or flute profile forms cold fluid water storage diffluence room 21 passages; Flow distribution plate is not set or flow distribution plate synchronously is set in interior half header hot fluid plenum chamber 22 and outer half header cold fluid water storage diffluence room 21; Heating installation import, heating outlet be arranged on respectively interior half header orifice plate termination cover plate upper and lower 2,14 two ends or be arranged on outer half header plate side plate wall top, below communicates with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on respectively outside the same side half header plate wooden partition top, below or are arranged on outer half lower end, header plate end casing upper end of a side and communicate with water storage diffluence room.

Interspersed one, two or branched cold water pipe in described every heating tube pipe; Heating tube, the interspersed single Zhi Danhang passage heavy caliber cold water pipe of interior half header or two Zhi Shuanhang passage medium caliber cold water pipe or branched small-bore cold water pipe; The cold water pipe is through plate, heating tube, interior half header and the outer half uncovered UNICOM of header cavity in porous; Described cold water pipe is straight tube or bellows, spiral-shaped pipe or elliptical tube; The limit of described cold water pipe tube mouth is communicated with to the girth welding of the limit of turning up equidirectional identical bead limit Qi Nie limit downhand welding method with the hole of plate in porous.

The flow distribution plate of installing in half header in described is the hot fluid flow distribution plate, and the hot fluid flow distribution plate is semi arch plate or rectangular slab, and the hot fluid flow distribution plate is fixed on C shape or the interior half header orifice plate of flute profile; The flow distribution plate of installing in described outer half header is the cold water flow distribution plate, and the cold water flow distribution plate is semi arch plate or rectangular shape plate, and the cold water flow distribution plate is connected in porous on plate; In the C shape that described and heating tube two ends are welded to connect, half header orifice plate is the semi arch orifice plate, and the semi arch orifice plate has turned over limit to punching in arc; Heating tube mouth of pipe R arc angle two ends crop inserts in interior semi arch orifice bore, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, in C shape half header orifice plate edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and strip porous to pinch together side weld to connect; In the end plate edge direction of half header orifice plate edges of boards and plate in porous is identical in the half termination cover plate limit of turning over and C shape pinches side weld and connect and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel; Outer half header plate of described C shape is the semi arch plate, and edges of boards outwards folding have in the porous of limit and strip the equidirectional edges of boards of edges of boards of plate merge Kou Qinie limit, limit to be connected, and with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional, pinches side weld and connects and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel; Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages; In interior semi arch orifice plate, porous, plate, outer semi arch plate, termination cover plate form round tube shape duplicate rows passage header body; Perhaps, in the flute profile that described heating tube two ends connect, half header orifice plate is the channel steel shape plate, two little facade plates are outwards rolled over limit are arranged to the upper vertical plate edges of boards, bottom surface rushes porosely inserts in the channel steel shape orifice bore to having turned over the limit heating tube mouth of pipe in groove, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, in in edges of boards and the rectangular porous of half channel steel shape orifice plate the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate pinch together side weld and connect, the edges of boards direction of the limit that interior half termination cover plate turns over and orifice plate edges of boards and plate termination in porous is identical pinches side weld and connects and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel; Outer half header grooved formboard is that the little facade of channel steel shape plate two makes progress; Riser edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and rectangular porous to pinch together limit to be connected and to pinch side weld and connect and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional; Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages; In interior half channel steel shape orifice plate, porous, plate, outer half channel steel shape plate, termination cover plate form rectangular pipe shape duplicate rows passage header body.

Described header is vertical heating tube transverse type to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are installed at one end the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination in C shape or flute profile and communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on same end C shape or outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of flute profile, and hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room synchronously arrange an above flow distribution plate and form reverse-flow structure; Perhaps, described header is horizontal heating tube Longitudinal to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged in homonymy two ends C shape or flute profile and export under the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination upper inlet; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on opposite ends C shape or the outer half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, the header plate termination upper outlet lower inlet of flute profile; The indoor flow distribution plate that do not arrange of cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavities forms the counter-flow heat exchange structure; Heating installation import, heating outlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on two ends C shape or outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of flute profile; The heating installation tube connector is communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room can not arrange flow distribution plate and form the mixed-flow loop structure; Inlay semicircular arc or rectangular heat fluid flow distribution plate in the hot fluid plenum chamber, inlay semicircular arc or rectangle cold fluid flow distribution plate in cold fluid water storage diffluence room, one or two above flow distribution plates are set respectively in hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room, form heating tube, cold water pipe, plate, cold and hot two kinds of fluids are the counter-flow heat exchange structure in porous; Hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room do not arrange flow distribution plate and form mixed-flow structure or reverse-flow loop structure.

In the interior half header orifice plate of described heating tube, C shape or flute profile, C shape or outer half header plate of flute profile, termination cover plate, hot fluid flow distribution plate, cold fluid flow distribution plate, cold water pipe, porous, plate, heating installation import, heating outlet, heating installation mouth tube connector, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are stainless steel material and are made, and pipe, sheet material are made by same metal material material.

Described heating tube is pipe, rectangular tube or elliptical tube, is suppressed with a plurality of rectangular convex forms or concave shape rib groove on tube wall.

A kind of header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the manufacture craft of heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that:

(1) making of half header orifice plate pipe header in C shape: the pipe header adopts thinner Stainless Steel steel plate, be pressed into 4 of half-circle-arc shape plates, according to the heating tube pipe diameter size, wherein 2 blocks of interior semi arch plates are 2～2.5mm in arc centre punching to limit, lonely in-draw hole height, the outside flanging 1～1.5mm of interior semi arch orifice plate edges of boards, heating tube is according to interior semi arch orifice plate stretching aperture and height two ends, stretchable holes limit end face tube mouth R arc angle crop, gapless is inserted in interior semi arch orifice plate stretchable holes, the limit that the limit of crop tube mouth and semi arch orifice plate stretchable holes are turned over is equidirectional, tube wall coincide Qi Nie limit, bead limit from molten downhand welding method girth welding connection,

(2) grow plate in porous and cover upper interior semi arch orifice plate; In rectangular porous, the edges of boards of the edges of boards of plate and interior semi arch orifice plate are equidirectional pinches side weld and connects; In porous, buttress has single hole, diplopore or porous that limit is arranged to turning up according to the caliber punching press of cold water pipe setting; Single, two or branched cold water pipe pipe insert in porous and passed half header cavity heat absorption in heating tube in plate hole; The limit of cold water pipe tube mouth and the flange in the hole of plate in the porous of termination be equidirectional to be pinched side weld and connects the opened type cavity and be communicated with; In the limit porous of interior semi arch orifice plate, the Yu Neiban termination, limit of plate is inlaid with cover plate, and cover plate has turned over edge direction and unanimously pinched side weld and connect; Form hot fluid plenum chamber passage; The limit that outer half termination cover plate turns over is connected with outer half limit, arc plate termination that to pinch side weld logical in succession; Form cold fluid water storage diffluence room; Form the cold and hot two kinds of fluid duplicate rows passage header bodies of round tube shape;

(3) making of the rectangular tubular header of half header in flute profile: adopt thinner Stainless Steel steel plate, be pressed into 4 of interior half header channel steel type formboards; Two facade plate 25mm are high to be rolled over limit 1-1.5mm is arranged outside groove; According to the heating tube pipe diameter size, wherein the punching of 2 channel steel shape plate bottom panels has been turned over the high 2-2.5mm in limit, limit in groove; Heating tube tube mouth gapless is inserted in interior half channel steel shape orifice plate flanging bore; It is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on the limit of tube mouth and the equidirectional bead of the flange of orifice plate limit together;

(4) in rectangular porous, plate covers upper interior half channel steel shape orifice plate; The equidirectional merging bead of the edges of boards limit that in rectangular porous, the edges of boards of plate and interior channel steel shape orifice plate are rolled over is pinched together side weld and is connect; In porous, buttress has single hole, diplopore or porous that limit is arranged to turning up according to the punching press of cold water pipe caliber; Single, two or branched cold water pipe pipe insert plate in porous and passed half header cavity heat absorption in heating tube; The limit of cold water pipe tube mouth and the Fan De limit, hole of plate in the porous of termination be equidirectional pinches side weld and connects the opened type cavity and be communicated with; In the edges of boards of plate and cover plate flange that interior half termination is inlaid with cover plate is equidirectional pinches side weld and connect in the edges of boards of half channel steel shape orifice plate folding and porous; Form hot fluid plenum chamber passage, the high outwards folding of outer half channel steel shape plate two facade plate 25mm has the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in edges of boards and rectangular porous to pinch together side weld to connect; Be communicated with and form cold fluid water storage diffluence room with outer half termination cover plate welding; Form the cold and hot two kinds of fluid duplicate rows passage header bodies of rectangular pipe shape;

(5) installation site that 4 joints are set of the setting of heating installation import, heating outlet and cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet is on the header closing panel or outside on half header plate sidewall paneling; But the exchange of flexibility is selected to be communicated with cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavity chambers;

(6) the hot fluid flow distribution plate is that semi-circular shape plate or long square plate shape shape periphery have limit; Be embedded in interior half header C type grooved shape orifice plate, the cold fluid flow distribution plate is that semi-circular shape plate or oblong-shaped plate periphery have turned over limit, is embedded in header in porous on the plate wooden partition;

(7) when cold and hot two kinds of fluid countercurrent current exchange; In hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room, one, two or more flow distribution plates can be set, header is the import of horizontal heating tube Longitudinal installation heating installation, heating outlet is arranged in C shape or flute profile and exports under the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination upper inlet, the outer half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, the header plate termination upper outlet lower inlet of cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet opposite ends C shape or flute profile, in cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavities, flow distribution plate is not set and forms reverse-flow loop structure, during cold and hot two kinds of fluid mixings exchange; In hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room, flow distribution plate can be set.

The utility model solves the heating water temperature lower than in 45 ° of water temperature situations, heating exchanger can reach exchange cold fluid delivery outlet coolant-temperature gage and the synthermal technique effect of hot fluid inlet water temperature degree, and output hot water successively flows and can meet the Best Practical effect that the user has a bath.Based on the low temperature heating heat transfer conditions, the heat exchanger of prior art the hot water of cold water pipe pipe internal memory 1～3 minute output cool off can not exchange again uses (because of the fast cold water tube wall absorption of cold water flow velocity heat few).The utility model improves structure and the manufacturing technology of existing heat exchanger, set up single large-diameter pipe, two medium caliber pipes or branched small-bore cold water pipe in every heating tube pipe, opened type cavity storage-type is communicated with the design of transmitting many partitions absorption heat header duplicate rows passages; The hot water amount who reaches the interior storage of cold water pipe in porous in the outer half header cavity of plate absorption heat produces the ladder transmission and raises the efficiency, the existing process structure of change.Compacter the reaching more fully of its structure absorbs the heat of hot fluid complete exchange in flow process without dead angle, and new technical pattern produces new technique effect, creative.

Design feature of the present utility model: the header cavity is divided into interior half hot fluid cavity, and outer half is cold fluid cavity water storage, and in porous, plate is divided into the duplicate rows passage and is communicated with without communicating pipe, heating tube pipe and cold water pipe pipe two ends opened type communication loop; Cold water pipe is pressed product casing volume size caliber size and the setting of heating surface area flexible in size, and one, two or two above cold water pipes are set on demand, and one, two arrange medium-large caliber water storage heat absorption type for big-and-middle product.For miscellaneous goods, the quick heat absorption type of small-bore water storage is set more than two.Save material and reached again heat transfer effect.Cold and hot two kinds of fluid opened types exchange many partition heat absorptions and inner storing water formula, and fluid resistance is little, reduce the defects such as the round flow velocity erosion corrosion welding bead often of fluid turnover.In cold fluid water storage diffluence room and cold water pipe, stored hot water plays and enables large the supplementing of heat exchanger hourly water consumption, and the amount that stores water makes up the slow defect of hot fluid temperature rate of circulating flow on the low side.The water-holding quantity of water storage diffluence room and the savings of cold water pipe, increasing in varying degrees cold fluid flow process length, has extended the time of heat exchange, and the hot water of savings internal memory has increased heat transfer effect.In many partitions areola endothermic tube and hot fluid PARALLEL FLOW process, heat is all absorbed without staying dead angle, its technique effect reaches the heat output of maximum possible.

But flow distribution plate flexibility setting or do not arrange in hot fluid plenum chamber and cold water water storage diffluence room, header is horizontal heating tube and heating installation import, heating outlet vertically is installed to be arranged in same end half header cover plate next time enterprising, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet advance under being arranged on the outer half header cover plate of the other end and, and flow distribution plate can be set in hot fluid plenum chamber and cold water water storage diffluence room and form branched heating tube and the synchronous reverse-flow structure of cold water pipe.Half header cover plate upper entering and lower leaving in heating installation import, heating outlet setting at one end; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet advance under being arranged on the outer half header plate wooden partition of same end one side and, and a plurality of flow distribution plates can synchronously be set in hot fluid plenum chamber and cold water water storage diffluence room and form a heating tube and the reverse-flow structure of cold water pipe.Heating installation import, heating outlet setting be outer half below, header plate wooden partition top at one end; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of the other end, flow distribution plate can be set in hot fluid plenum chamber and cold water water storage diffluence room and form the mixed-flow structure.

The utility model erection joint is by the design standard of market heating network or the design of zones of different non-standard users; Be adapted to the requirement of pipe network tandem or parallel installation, the setting of heating installation import, heating outlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet; The installation site of four inlet-outlet connectors can need to select by pipe network flexibly.Can flexibility select to be arranged on the header end cap or on the header wooden partition, can the vertical and horizontal space that more adequately and reasonably utilizes easy for installation, and the saving mounting material.The erection joint that the utility model is different from prior art is and the direct UNICOM of header plenum chamber that the erection joint of prior art is with pipeline welding, to be communicated with to weld with end cap or header plate wooden partition again again.Many two roads of prior art welding point, water leakage ratio is higher than the utility model.It is apparent the utlity model has the significant progress of substantial difference.

The utility model selects same metal material material to manufacture in conjunction with welding; Plate, cover plate, tube connector, the first-class whole employing stainless steel steel of silk in cold water pipe and heating tube, interior half header plate, outer half header plate, porous; pipe, the same metal of sheet material " 304 " material material, same scolder; the advantage that is easy to the welding manufacture is many; reduce the various metals material in conjunction with the complex process program of manufacturing welding; reduce the recruitment cost; with the material stack pile, in conjunction with easily pickling, passivation, cleaning welding bead and protect welding bead, exchange hot water is pure pollution-free clearly.The identical mechanical property of metal material material equal densities of the same type is identical, can make each parts junction simultaneous adaptation thermal stress temperature difference pressure change, produce the identical pulling-out force equilibrium of internal stress, the welding with material stack pile material with the welding wire scolder, strengthen the ability of weld seam resistance to deformation or destruction.Weld seam is difficult for the torn grain breach and leaks.

Can avoid in use procedure producing electrochemical corrosion with metal material and leak, the electrode potential of the metal of unlike material is different and form the galvanic corrosion that the galvanic couple battery produces, and affects the defects such as life of product.

Header duplicate rows passage; The small-bore branched passage heat absorption of cold water pipe or the welding of single the many partition heat absorptions of heavy caliber passage two ends mouth of pipe opened type are communicated with (take manifold as example).By changing heat-transfer area structure cold water pipe, can adopt straight tube and screw thread emboss pipe, bellows etc. more to increase the tt surface area conducted heat, increase heat transfer area in unit volume, two kinds of fluid PARALLEL FLOW opposite directions, in the import and export temperature of fluid under identical condition, the mean temperature difference maximum of adverse current.It is to be that cold water is imported and exported one-pipe coiled coil or " Z " or serpentine coiling in traditional two ends, single Zhi Guanbi absorbs on the basis of heat, the application augmentation of heat transfer, the utility model is under given state of temperature, the heat of fluid is fully rationally utilized to absorbing all kinds of heat exchangers of tradition fully, the once great technological improvement carried out.

Mainly contain following some:

The one, heat supply housing pipe and cold water pipe pipe adopt manual argon arc welding to pinch the equidirectional welding of limit two wall, the optional pipe of the stainless steel than thin-walled, sheet material manufacture, reduce metal consumption, reduce costs, and pinching side weld, to connect steady quality water-tight.Heating tube is chosen as Φ 50～76mm pipe or rectangle pipe etc., general wall thickness is 0.7～0.91mm, the cold water pipe pipe adopts small-bore stainless steel tubule, rule of thumb data roughly calculate needed endotherm area to economize on resources, and can reach heat transfer effect and accomplish the economy target design of making the best use of everything, press the difference of size of product or volume size or the height situation of user area heating water temperature, and the pipe number of heating tube, length and mouth can increase and decrease through size pipe number and caliber size that cold water pipe is set flexibly.In the ordinary course of things, in heating tube pipe in various degree cold water pipe pipe 2～5 arm bores are set at 9.5～16mm, large specification product arranges 2～3 cold water pipe pipes in a heating tube pipe, the small dimension product arranges 4～5 cold water pipe pipes in a heating tube pipe, and it is heavy caliber 25～38mm that the maximum specification product arranges single cold water pipe pipe in a heating tube pipe.

The 2nd, interior half header plenum chamber and every heating tube pipe inner cold water Guan Danzhi or branched passage absorb heat, the expansion heat transfer area increases ladder and conducts heat, two kinds of parallel reverse flows of fluid, can make mean temperature difference improve and transmit more heat, larger increase heat absorption radius, reduce heat loss, the heat of every heating tube is absorbed to exchange without staying dead angle fully from each position of low-temperature space, it is inwhole that the preheating one-phase absorbs heat, realize absorbing fast heat in second stage, the temperature of going round and beginning again increases in gradient and boundary's point such as reaches.Realizing that the exchange radius of curvature equates two kinds of relatively independent fluid PARALLEL FLOW opposite directions, increase mean temperature difference, is the optimal heat exchanger effectiveness most economical one design of best heat transfer coefficient.In branched cold water pipe pipe and porous, plate heat absorption opened type is communicated with, and the heat absorption of hot fluid, to outer half header water storage diffluence room, is shifted in water storage diffluence room Upwards channel cold water endothermic tube pipe; Cold water temperature progressively elevated temperature changes in gradient, and cold water enters the low temperature exchange area from heating tube pipe port of export bottom, first and second heat supply pipe preheating heat absorption one-phase; Third and fourth heat supply pipe reaches the quick heat absorption two-stage; Five, in slow three stages of heat absorption of six heat supply pipes, finally present insulation quadravalence section, the warm spot such as reach, cold fluid delivery port temperature and the synthermal continuous supplying hot water of heating installation water inlet temperature, prior art is to realize the technique effect of this invention.

The 3rd, through repetition test repeatedly, facts have proved, prior art cold water endothermic tube pipe and the same length of the utility model cold water pipe pipe, same bore, stack pile, synthermal, pressure definite value, heating tube housing same specification, one-pipe length coiling one-pipe absorb heat, absorb heat opened type connection inner storing water with the many partitions of the branched pipe of the utility model and compare, exchange heat outputting coolant-temperature gage difference is but very large.Compared with the prior art the utility model has improved the heat transfer effect of three times, and cooling water outlet coolant-temperature gage and heat supply heating installation inlet water temperature degree reach boundary's point such as synthermal, successively heat outputting washing bath.Solve existing heat exchanger technology output hot water 1～3 minutes with regard to the out of use defect that progressively cools off.

The utility model meets at the adapt pipe that is not subject to destruction of temperature and pressure condition is combined with sheet material and adopts the equidirectional limit face bonding of pinching of flange from fusing the welding procedure structure, and the connecting mode of tube sheet and pipe is more suitable for the dependability requirement.Thin-wall stainless steel tube sheet piercing and flanging is pinched side weld and is connect the difficulty that has reduced the argon arc welding welding and saved solder, and welding bead is attractive in appearance, and part outward appearance junction can't see weld seam.Pipe embeds with connecting plate the consistent limit argon arc welding of pinching of the neat direction in bead limit that coincide, the high-strength products life-span of having improved welded seam is long, pinching side weld connects the intensity that has increased weld seam and is difficult for cracking or rupturing, produce the allowed band of temperature difference pressure, thermal stress and compression at thermal expansion force within, the double-walled tube sheet coincide and to pinch side weld and connect the thermal stress reduced at the welding point place and may cause stress corrosion and break, and has solved the technical barrier of intercrystalline corrosion welded seam fatigue life.Realize that each parts of tube sheet connect the new technology of welding obstacle and dysopia welding operation, the utility model is welded to connect parts and is less than prior art, reduced welding procedure, the simple cost of manufacturing process is low, the production and processing steady quality is reliable, and finishing convenience, economical rationality, reliable, reduction labour intensity and recruitment cost, saved human resources, save the welding wire energy and material, enhance productivity or product quality, practical periodically long-life of product long.

The utility model compact conformation, each attaching parts are same metal material material, have reduced complicated technology and recruitment waste that the various metals material is manufactured, are the most economical one optimal design.Metal consumption is few, cost is low, heat transfer area increases, plate heat absorption circulation in header duplicate rows passage porous, the cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the synchronous many partitions of branched cold water pipe and absorbs the hot water Upwards channel transmission prolongation heat exchanger time stored in heat, change the flow regime of cold fluid, improve the turbulence pulsation degree and increase the ladder heat transfer, cold water output water temperature degree successive stream identical with heat supply inlet water temperature degree improves heat exchange efficiency, effective, meet customer requirements, installed vertical is laterally convenient, flexible, lightweight convenient transportation, and saving logistics transportation cost, it is the product that a kind of high-performance heat exchanger of novel energy-conserving practicality can replace prior art.The utlity model has substantive technology difference, it is apparent compared with the prior art having outstanding substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, has novelty creativeness.

Embodiment

A kind of header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, and the header orifice plate is communicated with branched heating tube more than two, and the two ends of heating tube are welded with respectively half header orifice plate in C shape or flute profile, heating tube is communicated with into radiator shape housing with half header orifice plate welding in C shape or flute profile, half header orifice plate in C shape or flute profile, two ends are connected respectively and are welded with plate in the cold water pipe porous, in porous, the plate punching press has connecting hole, be interspersed with cold water pipe in heating tube, interior half header cavity, the cold water pipe two-port is communicated with the hole wall welding opened type cavity of plate in porous, in in half header orifice plate, heating tube, porous plate, termination cover plate form the hot fluid cavity passage, in porous, the plate two ends are communicated with C shape or outer half header plate of flute profile and the welding of termination cover plate respectively, form cold fluid and hot fluid round tube shape or rectangular pipe shape duplicate rows passage header body, the cold water pipe mouth of pipe, plate in porous, the termination cover plate, outer half header forms water storage diffluence room cold fluid pass, flow distribution plate can be set or flow distribution plate synchronously is set in interior half header hot fluid plenum chamber and outer half header water storage diffluence room, the heating installation import, heating outlet is arranged in two ends and communicates with the hot fluid cavity below half cover plate top, header orifice plate termination or below being arranged on outer half header plate side plate wall top, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet is arranged on the outer half header plate wooden partition top below of opposite side or outer half header plate termination cover plate upper and lower side is installed at one end or diagonal angle is arranged on half delivery port below, cover plate top, header plate termination water inlet outside two ends and communicates with the heat accumulation water-dividing chamber, four inlet-outlet connector installation sites can exchange flexibly on wooden partition or on end casing as required and arrange.

The setting of described cold water pipe can be selected cold water pipe according to number, length and the caliber size flexibility of heating tube pipe, heating tube, interior half header interspersed single Zhi Danhang passage heavy caliber cold water pipe, two Zhi Shuanhang passage medium caliber cold water pipe or branched small-bore cold water pipe; Described cold water pipe is straight tube or bellows, spiral-shaped pipe or elliptical tube; The setting of the number of cold water pipe pipe, length and bore is pressed the outer hull specification flexible in size of heating tube and is selected, intert in described every heating tube pipe one, two or branched cold water pipe pipe through plate in porous through heating tube, interior half header opened type cavity UNICOM, the limit of cold water pipe tube mouth is communicated with the girth welding of retrousse limit, the hole of plate in porous equidirectional identical bead limit Qi Nie limit downhand welding method; Described cold fluid flow distribution plate is semi arch plate or rectangular shape plate; The cold water flow distribution plate is connected in porous on plate.The hot fluid flow distribution plate is fixed on C shape or the interior half header orifice plate of flute profile.

To be the semi arch orifice plate turned over limit to punching in arc to the interior half header C type shape orifice plate that described heating tube two ends connect; Heating tube mouth of pipe R arc angle two ends crop inserts in interior semi arch orifice bore, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, interior semi arch orifice plate edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and rectangular porous to pinch together side weld to connect, and the end plate edge direction of the limit that interior half termination cover plate turns over and orifice plate edges of boards and plate in porous is identical to be pinched side weld and connect and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel.Outer half header C type formboard be semi arch plate edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional edges of boards of edges of boards of limit and rectangular hollow sheeting to merge Kou Qinie limit, limit to be connected and to pinch side weld and connect and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional.Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages; In interior semi arch orifice plate, porous, plate, outer semi arch plate, termination cover plate form round tube shape duplicate rows passage header body.

The interior half header grooved shape orifice plate that described heating tube two ends connect is that the little facade plate of channel steel shape plate two is outwards rolled over limit is arranged to the upper vertical plate edges of boards, bottom surface rushes porosely inserts in the channel steel shape orifice bore to having turned over the limit heating tube mouth of pipe in groove, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, in in edges of boards and the rectangular porous of half channel steel shape orifice plate the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate pinch together side weld and connect, the edges of boards direction of the limit that interior half termination cover plate turns over and orifice plate edges of boards and plate termination in porous is identical pinches side weld and connects and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel.Outer half header grooved formboard is that the little facade of channel steel shape plate two makes progress; Riser edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and rectangular porous to pinch together limit to be connected and to pinch side weld and connect and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional.Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages.In interior half channel steel shape orifice plate, porous, plate, outer half channel steel shape plate, termination cover plate form rectangular pipe shape duplicate rows passage header body.

Described header is vertical heating tube transverse type to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are installed at one end the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination in C shape or flute profile and communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on same end C shape or below, outer half header plate of flute profile (8) wooden partition top, hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room arrange an above flow distribution plate and form reverse-flow structure, header is horizontal heating tube Longitudinal to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged on half header orifice plate termination cover plate upper/lower terminal in homonymy two ends C shape or flute profile; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on the outer half header C type of opposite ends or the upper and lower two ends of cover plate, grooved formboard termination; The indoor flow distribution plate that do not arrange of cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavities forms the counter-flow heat exchange structure.Heating installation import, heating outlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on two ends C shape or the outer half header plate 8 wooden partitions top belows of flute profile or cooling water inlet 15, cooling water outlet 1 is arranged on upper outlet lower inlet on two ends C shape or outer half header plate 16,8 wooden partitions of flute profile; The heating installation tube connector is communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room can not arrange flow distribution plate and form the mixed-flow loop structure.

Described header duplicate rows passage cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, inlay semicircular arc or rectangular heat fluid flow distribution plate in the hot fluid plenum chamber, inlay semicircular arc or rectangle cold fluid flow distribution plate in cold fluid water storage diffluence room, one or two above flow distribution plates are set respectively in hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room; Form heating tube, cold water pipe, in porous, plate, cold and hot two kinds of fluids are the counter-flow heat exchange structure, hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room can not arrange flow distribution plate and form the mixed-flow structure.

In described heating tube, interior C type or grooved shape orifice plate, outer C type or grooved formboard, cover plate, hot fluid flow distribution plate, cold fluid flow distribution plate, cold water pipe, porous, plate, steam heating pipe screw thread silk head, cold water pipe screw thread silk head are the stainless steel steel, and pipe, sheet material same metal material material are easy to the advantage of manufacturing with material; Reduce the various metals material in conjunction with the complicated technology program of manufacturing, reduce the recruitment cost, with metal material, be easy to welding manufacture, be easy to acid wash passivation and process, avoid the metal of unlike material in use easily to produce electrochemical corrosion or the defect such as galvanic corrosion leaks, and the life-span is short.

Described heating tube is pipe, rectangular tube or elliptical tube, the heating tube tube wall is thinner, for improving the intensity of heating tube, be suppressed with a plurality of rectangular convex forms or concave shape rib groove on the heating tube tube wall, protruding or recessed rib shape groove cell wall power muscle strengthens anti-pressure ability, and raising hot fluid flow velocity is the turbulence pulsation state.

The hot water that described outer half header plenum chamber and branched cold water pipe pipe cavity Inner store, in savings, water-holding quantity has increased cold fluid flow process length, has extended the time of heat exchange, and interior water storage has increased heat transfer effect.

Claims (9)

1. a header binary channels cold water pipe opened type is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, comprise: two headers, the end of two headers has been welded to connect respectively termination cover plate (2,14,7,12), two and above heating tube (4) have been welded to connect between two headers, it is characterized in that: in described two headers, the inside of each header is vertically arranged with plate in porous (9), and plate in porous (9) is divided into two and half headers by each header; Half header be welded to connect with heating tube (4) is interior half header, and second half corresponding header is outer half header; Be interspersed with one and above cold water pipe (5) in described heating tube (4), plate in porous (9) is being provided with one and above cold water pipe installing hole (20) with every heating tube mouth of pipe corresponding position, cold water pipe (5) two-port is connected with plate hole wall welding (9) in porous, and cold water pipe (5) is communicated with outer half header cavity through interior half header; Heating installation import (3) and heating outlet (13) are communicated with interior half header welding respectively; Cooling water inlet (15) and cooling water outlet (1) are communicated with outer half header welding respectively.

2. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: in described, in inner and/or outer half header of half header, flow distribution plate is not set; One or two and above flow distribution plate perhaps are set in interior half header; Perhaps half header arranges one or two and above flow distribution plate outside.

3. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: described heating installation import (3), heating outlet (13) are installed respectively and are welded on interior half He Xia two ends, cover plate upper end, header orifice plate termination, with interior half header, be communicated with respectively, perhaps heating installation import (3), heating outlet (13) are installed respectively the above and below that is welded on outer half header side plate wall, and direct or connection tube connector is communicated with interior half header cavity through plate welding in porous; Described cooling water inlet (15), cooling water outlet (1) are installed respectively the outer half header wooden partition above and below that is welded on the same side, with outer half header welding, be communicated with, it is upper and be communicated with outer half header welding that perhaps cooling water inlet (15), cooling water outlet (1) are installed respectively the termination cover plate (14,2) that is welded on the outer half He Xia two ends, header upper end of a side, or cooling water inlet (15), cooling water outlet (1) are welded on (14,7) on the termination cover plate at the half upper and lower two ends of header outside both sides and are communicated with outer half header cavity in diagonal angle respectively.

4. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 and 2 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: in described, half header comprises half header orifice plate (6) in C shape or flute profile, the two ends of heating tube (4) are welded on respectively on the heating tube installing hole (19) of half header orifice plate (6) in C shape or flute profile, and heating tube (4) is communicated with into housing with half header orifice plate welding in C shape or flute profile; In C shape or flute profile, the open side of half header orifice plate (6) is welded with plate in porous (9), and plate in porous (9) punching press has cold water pipe connecting hole (20); Be interspersed with cold water pipe (5) in heating tube, interior half header cavity, cold water pipe (5) two-port is communicated with the hole wall welding opened type cavity of plate in porous (9); In the interior half header orifice plate (6) of C shape or flute profile, heating tube (4), porous, plate (9), upper and lower interior half termination cover plate (2,14,7,12) form hot fluid plenum chamber (22) passage; Outer half header plate of (9) opposite side of plate in described porous and C shape or flute profile (8,16) is welded to connect, the end of outer half header plate of C shape or flute profile (8,16) is connected with outer half termination cover plate (2,14,7,12) outside weldings respectively, and in cold water pipe, porous, outer half header plate of plate, termination cover plate, C shape or flute profile forms cold fluid water storage diffluence room (21) passage; Flow distribution plate is not set or flow distribution plate synchronously is set in interior half header hot fluid plenum chamber (22) and outer half header cold fluid water storage diffluence room (21); Heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged on respectively the upper and lower two ends of interior half header orifice plate termination cover plate (2,14) or are arranged on half header plate side plate wall top, below outward and communicate with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on respectively outside the same side half header plate wooden partition top, below or are arranged on outer half lower end, header plate end casing upper end of a side and communicate with water storage diffluence room.

5. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: interspersed one, two or branched cold water pipe in described every heating tube pipe; Heating tube, the interspersed single Zhi Danhang passage heavy caliber cold water pipe of interior half header or two Zhi Shuanhang passage medium caliber cold water pipe or branched small-bore cold water pipe; The cold water pipe is through plate, heating tube, interior half header and the outer half uncovered UNICOM of header cavity in porous; Described cold water pipe is straight tube or bellows, spiral-shaped pipe or elliptical tube; The limit of described cold water pipe tube mouth is communicated with to the girth welding of the limit of turning up equidirectional identical bead limit Qi Nie limit downhand welding method with the hole of plate in porous.

6. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 and 2 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: the flow distribution plate of installing in half header in described is hot fluid flow distribution plate (10), the hot fluid flow distribution plate is semi arch plate or rectangular slab, and the hot fluid flow distribution plate is fixed on C shape or the interior half header orifice plate of flute profile; The flow distribution plate of installing in described outer half header is the cold water flow distribution plate, and the cold water flow distribution plate is semi arch plate or rectangular shape plate, and the cold water flow distribution plate is connected in porous on plate; In the C shape that described and heating tube two ends are welded to connect, half header orifice plate is the semi arch orifice plate, and the semi arch orifice plate has turned over limit to punching in arc; Heating tube mouth of pipe R arc angle two ends crop inserts in interior semi arch orifice bore, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, in C shape half header orifice plate edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and strip porous to pinch together side weld to connect; In the end plate edge direction of half header orifice plate edges of boards and plate in porous is identical in the half termination cover plate limit of turning over and C shape pinches side weld and connect and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel; Outer half header plate of described C shape is the semi arch plate, and edges of boards outwards folding have in the porous of limit and strip the equidirectional edges of boards of edges of boards of plate merge Kou Qinie limit, limit to be connected, and with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional, pinches side weld and connects and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel; Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages; In interior semi arch orifice plate, porous, plate, outer semi arch plate, termination cover plate form round tube shape duplicate rows passage header body; Perhaps, in the flute profile that described heating tube two ends connect, half header orifice plate is the channel steel shape plate, two little facade plates are outwards rolled over limit are arranged to the upper vertical plate edges of boards, bottom surface rushes porosely inserts in the channel steel shape orifice bore to having turned over the limit heating tube mouth of pipe in groove, it is logical in succession that side weld is pinched on equidirectional bead limit, the limit that the limit of the mouth of pipe and orifice bore turn over together, in in edges of boards and the rectangular porous of half channel steel shape orifice plate the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate pinch together side weld and connect, the edges of boards direction of the limit that interior half termination cover plate turns over and orifice plate edges of boards and plate termination in porous is identical pinches side weld and connects and be integrated formation hot fluid internal channel; Outer half header grooved formboard is that the little facade of channel steel shape plate two makes progress; Riser edges of boards outwards folding have the equidirectional merging edges of boards of edges of boards of plate in limit and rectangular porous to pinch together limit to be connected and to pinch side weld and connect and be integrated formation cold fluid outer tunnel with the flange of outer half termination cover plate is equidirectional; Be communicated with many partitions absorption heat inner storing water formula structures without being set to straight length open at both ends formula cavity communicating pipe in cold and hot two kinds of fluid passages; In interior half channel steel shape orifice plate, porous, plate, outer half channel steel shape plate, termination cover plate form rectangular pipe shape duplicate rows passage header body.

7. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: described header is vertical heating tube transverse type to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are installed at one end the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination in C shape or flute profile and communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on same end C shape or outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of flute profile, and hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room synchronously arrange an above flow distribution plate and form reverse-flow structure; Perhaps, described header is horizontal heating tube Longitudinal to be installed, and heating installation import, heating outlet are arranged in homonymy two ends C shape or flute profile and export under the half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, header orifice plate termination upper inlet; Cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on opposite ends C shape or the outer half upper and lower two ends of cover plate, the header plate termination upper outlet lower inlet of flute profile; The indoor flow distribution plate that do not arrange of cold and hot two kinds of fluid cavities forms the counter-flow heat exchange structure; Heating installation import, heating outlet, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are arranged on two ends C shape or outer half below, header plate wooden partition top of flute profile; The heating installation tube connector is communicated with the hot fluid plenum chamber; Hot fluid plenum chamber and cold fluid water storage diffluence room can not arrange flow distribution plate and form the mixed-flow loop structure; Inlay semicircular arc or rectangular heat fluid flow distribution plate in the hot fluid plenum chamber, inlay semicircular arc or rectangle cold fluid flow distribution plate in cold fluid water storage diffluence room, one or two above flow distribution plates are set respectively in hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room, form heating tube, cold water pipe, plate, cold and hot two kinds of fluids are the counter-flow heat exchange structure in porous; Hot fluid plenum chamber, cold fluid water storage diffluence room do not arrange flow distribution plate and form mixed-flow structure or reverse-flow loop structure.

8. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, it is characterized in that: in the interior half header orifice plate of described heating tube, C shape or flute profile, C shape or outer half header plate of flute profile, termination cover plate, hot fluid flow distribution plate, cold fluid flow distribution plate, cold water pipe, porous, plate, heating installation import, heating outlet, heating installation mouth tube connector, cooling water inlet, cooling water outlet are stainless steel material and are made, and pipe, sheet material are made by same metal material material.

9. header binary channels cold water pipe opened type according to claim 1 is communicated with the heat absorption heat exchanger, and it is characterized in that: described heating tube is pipe, rectangular tube or elliptical tube, is suppressed with a plurality of rectangular convex forms or concave shape rib groove on tube wall.

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