Background technology
According to the formation mechanism of cement industry NOx, mainly divide two classes for the control technology of NOx, a class is controlled combustion process, reduces the generation of NOx; Another kind of NOx for having generated takes to remove measure.Mainly contain the means such as low-NOx combustor, fuel-staged combustion, Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal for the control technology of combustion process and supply with or reduce the aspect such as flue-gas temperature and set about from control oxygen, reduce the generation of thermal NO x.By the monitoring to combustion process, such as excess air coefficient and the flue-gas temperature of rotary kiln, and the pollutant levels such as the NOx of chimney outlet, CO, Optimizing Combustion.Under the prerequisite that satisfies the clinker burning requirement, the excess air coefficient of reduce rotary kiln and flue-gas temperature.But oxygen content and flue-gas temperature affect the burning clinker of cement quality in the reduction rotary kiln.So it is limited that cement furnace employing low NOx combusting technology reduces the application space of nitrogen oxide, denitration efficiency generally is not higher than 30%.
Remove technology for flue gas after the burning, mainly contain SCR technology (SelectiveCatalytic Reduction, be the SCR technology) and SNCR technology (SelectiveNon-Catalytic Reduction, i.e. SNCR technology).
The SCR technology is to contain amino reducing agent and catalyst to be about 200~450 ℃ of intervals at temperature window, fast and efficiently the NOx that generates in the flue gas in the cement kiln optionally is reduced to N
2Cement kiln SCR arrangement can be taked high dirt (High dust System) and low these the two kinds of arrangements of dirt (Tail-endSystem) of low temperature.The SCR reactor of high dirt arrangement is arranged in after the first order cyclone preheater, and flue-gas temperature and catalyst activity temperature window are comparatively identical herein.Because the cement furnace dust content is up to 80~100g/Nm
3, easily cause catalyst pores to stop up, system pressure drop is increased sharply, thereby normally move the generation serious threat for air-introduced machine, thereby affect the operation steady in a long-term of cement kiln production line; The water-soluble alkali compounds such as sodium, potassium V easily and in the catalyst in the cement kiln flue gas simultaneously
2O
5Reaction causes catalyst poisoning, reduces its activity; Other flue gas middle and high concentration CaO is with the SO that forms through catalyst oxidation
3Generate CaSO
4, cover catalyst surface, reduce its activity.In case when generation catalyst abrasion, poisoning or inactivation were serious, the SCR system that must stop transport carried out the replacing of catalyst.
The SNCR technology contains amino reducing agent for spraying in the appropriate location of cement kiln, makes the NOx that has generated in the flue gas be reduced to N
2Contain amino reducing agent and mainly contain ammonia, liquefied ammonia, ammoniacal liquor and urea.For different reducing agents, corresponding temperature window is to some extent difference also, with NH
3For the optimum temperature window of reducing agent between 760~930 ℃, take urea as reducing agent, corresponding denitration reaction optimum temperature window is 950~1040 ℃, and is slightly high than ammonia.According to the literature, ammoniacal liquor is as the most suitable reducing agent of cement kiln SNCR method denitration.
The SNCR key problem in technology is that reducing agent sprays at suitable temperature window and the reducing agent that sprays into and can fully mix with NOx in the flue gas, thereby realizes higher denitration efficiency, improves the reducing agent utilization rate, reduction reducing agent consumption and afterbody the escaping of ammonia.
The utility model content
The utility model provides NO in a kind of cement furnace flue gas
xThe control device of concentration adopts the multidigit point to jointly control in dore furnace and sprays into reducing agent, need not to adopt the United Technologies of SNCR and SCR just can realize NO
xHigh clearance.
NO in a kind of cement furnace flue gas
xThe control device of concentration, comprise and decompose kiln, preheater and reducer feeding device, described decomposition kiln bottom is communicated with the kiln tail chimney of described cement furnace by inlet flue duct, the top of described decomposition kiln is communicated with described preheater by exhaust pass, the middle and upper part of described decomposition kiln or/and in the described exhaust pass layering be provided with the spray guns that some handles is connected with described reducer feeding device; Also comprise the central controller that is connected to described reducer feeding device and monitor NO in the described kiln tail chimney
xConcentration, flue gas flow and flue-gas temperature information also are transferred to the flue gas automatic monitored control system of described central controller.
In the exhaust pass of the middle and upper part of decomposing kiln and conjunctive decomposition kiln and preheater, temperature remains on 800~950 ℃, sprays into reducing agent ammoniacal liquor in this scope, the NO in ammoniacal liquor and the flue gas
xFully hybrid reaction realizes high denitration efficiency, improves the utilization rate of reducing agent, reduce reducing agent consumption and afterbody the escaping of ammonia, and the flue gas after the utility model device is processed satisfies discharge standard, does not need to go to arrange the SCR denitrification apparatus again, and the denitration cost reduces greatly.
Preferably, the middle and upper part of described decomposition kiln arranges 1~3 layer of described spray gun, and every layer arranges 2~8.
Preferably, described exhaust pass is communicated with described preheater after an inverted U pipe turns to straight up straight down, and the vertical part layering of described exhaust pass arranges some described spray gun.
More preferably, 1~3 layer of described spray gun is set in the described exhaust pass, every layer arranges 2~8.
Decomposing the middle and lower part temperature drift of kiln, is not the temperature window that suits, and is unfavorable for the raising of denitration efficiency, much decomposes kiln and also has the fuel entrance in the middle and lower part, also has many fuel type NO
xForm, setting up an office in this section sprays into reducing agent, can cause mixing inhomogeneous, reacts insufficient; And in the utility model in decomposing the middle and upper part and exhaust pass of kiln, temperature window is suitable, the reducing agent that sprays into fully mixes with flue gas, reaches better denitration efficiency.
Spray gun the number of plies is set according to the actual condition setting of cement kiln, can be set to individual layer, bilayer or multilayer, preferred, arrange 1~3 layer, every layer magnitude setting is according to NO in the flue gas
xConcentration is adjusted, and preferably, every layer arranges 2~8.
Preferably, described reducer feeding device comprises the reducing agent distribution module, all is connected to reducing agent conveyor module and the compressed air delivery tank of described reducing agent distribution module, and described reducing agent distribution module links to each other with described central controller.
Preferably, also be provided with the soft water conveyor module that is connected to described reducing agent distribution module, be used for flushing line and spray gun.
Reducing agent is delivered in the reducing agent distribution module, and reducing agent is preferably ammoniacal liquor, and ammoniacal liquor is commercially available (20%-25%) ammoniacal liquor, directly sprays into by spray gun and decomposes kiln or/and in the flue, need to not carry the soft water dilution in spray gun again.
As a kind of preferred gun design scheme, described spray gun comprises air hose and the reducing agent pipe that is arranged in described air hose, and described reducing agent pipe is connected with described reducing agent distribution module, and described air hose is connected with described compressed air reservoir.
Be connected with the reducing agent distribution module during described reducing agent pipe inspection reducing agent, be connected with the soft water conveyor module during flushing pipe.
Reducing agent by Pipeline transport to the reducing agent pipe of spray gun, compressed air is sent in the air hose of spray gun by pipeline, the spout outlet of reducing agent pipe is positioned at air hose, the reducing agent of being carried by the reducing agent pipe sprays into the decomposition kiln or/and in the exhaust pass in spray gun with after compressed air mixes, compressed air strengthens injection power, add the strong reductant range, and guarantee to cool off when flow is too small spray gun.
The beneficial effects of the utility model:
(1) selected multi-point jointly controls technology, and load fluctuation is adaptable, can be applicable to all size cement furnace, the fixedly improvement of specification cement furnace production status when fluctuation nitrogen oxides in effluent;
(2) with the SCR technology, or compare with the SCR United Technologies with SNCR, the multi-point associating SNCR technology of cement furnace denitrating flue gas can say that having significant nitrogen oxide removes efficient, lower the escaping of ammonia rate is the processing simple process that is suitable for the cement furnace nitrogen oxides in effluent;
(3) construction technology is simple, and cost is low, does not affect the normal operation of cement producing line.
The specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model, comprises decomposing kiln 15, preheater 14, inlet flue duct 16, exhaust pass 13, central controller 5, flue gas automatic monitored control system (CEMS) 7, compressed air hose 8 and reducer feeding device.
Take ammoniacal liquor as reducing agent, comprise ammoniacal liquor tank car 1, ammoniacal liquor Unload module 2, tank used for storing ammonia 3 and the reducing agent conveyor module 4 (ammoniacal liquor conveyor module) that link to each other successively, the soft water carrier pipe 9, soft water storage tank 10 and the soft water conveyor module 11 that link to each other successively, soft water conveyor module 11 and ammoniacal liquor conveyor module all are connected to ammoniacal liquor distribution module (being reducing agent distribution module 12), and the ammoniacal liquor distribution module also is provided with the ammoniacal liquor return duct that is connected to tank used for storing ammonia 3.
Ammoniacal liquor Unload module 2 is comprised of de-ballast pump, corresponding valve, pipeline and table meter; The ammoniacal liquor conveyor module is comprised of ammoniacal liquor delivery pump, corresponding valve and table meter; Soft water conveyor module 11 soft water delivery pumps, corresponding valve and table meter form.
The ammoniacal liquor distribution module comprises control valve and required flow sensor and the pressure sensor of fully automatic operation that all are necessary, and the ammoniacal liquor distribution module will be adjusted reducing agent to the suitable requirement of satisfying consumption under the present service condition.This unit is the installing gas alarm also, simultaneously alarm is sent to central controller.
For the ease of to central controller 5 real-time send instruction or setup parameter, this central controller 5 also is connected to administration module (CMM), the communication of distribution module, central controller 5 and administration module (CMM) is undertaken by distributed I/O and bus.
Ammoniacal liquor tank car 1, ammoniacal liquor Unload module 2, tank used for storing ammonia 3, ammoniacal liquor conveyor module, soft water carrier pipe 9, soft water storage tank 10, soft water conveyor module 11 and ammoniacal liquor distribution module form reducer feeding device jointly.
The bottom of decomposing kiln 15 is communicated with the kiln tail chimney 6 of cement furnace 16 by inlet flue duct, the top of decomposing kiln 15 is communicated with preheater 14 by exhaust pass 13, preheater 14 is selected C5 level cyclone preheater, flue gas in the CEMS7 monitoring kiln tail chimney 6, and monitor message in time fed back to central controller 5, central controller 5 is connected to each road control valve of ammoniacal liquor distribution module, and central controller 5 is selected PLC control.
Denitrating system adopts on the spot/the teletransmission control mode, and the control system of SNCR forms a control system by PLC station, engineer station, operator station.The PLC station places near the ammoniacal liquor distribution module, and engineer station and operator station are arranged in Central Control Room, realizes the policer operation to whole system.
Exhaust pass 13 straight up, after turning to, an inverted U pipe is communicated with preheater 14 straight down, (the dotted line frame among Fig. 1 shown in the A partly is jet module one in the vertical part of exhaust pass 13, dotted line frame shown in the B partly is jet module two) layering installs manyly spray gun, and (being that the described dotted line frame of C partly is jet module three among Fig. 1) layering installation is many spray gun in the middle and upper part of decomposing kiln 15.
The structure of spray gun as shown in Figure 2, comprise reducing agent pipe 19 and air hose 18, clean soft water and walk the reducing agent pipeline, reducing agent pipe 19 is positioned at the center of air hose 18, and the spout of reducing agent pipe 19 is positioned at air hose 18, between the spout of reducing agent pipe 19 spouts and air hose 18, form the Mixed Zone, reducing agent mixes in this zone with air, reducing agent pipe 19 is communicated with the ammoniacal liquor distribution module by pipeline, air hose 18 be connected to compressed air cylinder 8 by pipeline, compressed air cylinder 8 sets up some branch roads separately and is communicated with corresponding spray gun, and other establishes a branch road and is communicated with the ammoniacal liquor distribution module.
Technological process of the present utility model is as follows:
By ammonia water tank 1 car the ammoniacal liquor of byproduct 20~25wt.% common in the chemical process is transported to the scene, inject tank used for storing ammonia 3 by ammoniacal liquor Unload module 2, because new dry process for cement production operated by rotary motion waste heat boiler can be supplied with soft water, to soft water storage tank 10.The flue gas flow of the kiln tail chimney 6 that CEMS7 feeds back and amount of nitrogen oxides communication are sent to control instruction the ammoniacal liquor distribution module again to central controller 5, control NH
3With the NOx mol ratio, allotment enters ammoniacal liquor distribution module ammoniacal liquor flow, and excess of ammonia water refluxes.In addition, draw and connect compressed air to each road spray gun 17, strengthening the ammoniacal liquor range, and cooling spray gun when guaranteeing that flow is too small.
Embodiment 1
Spray gun is installed in (jet module one shown in the A dotted line frame among Fig. 1) on the exhaust pass.Determine that according to the CFD analog result spray site position is divided into three layers, 2 every layer, is distributed on the circular flue.800~950 ℃ of temperature ranges are all dropped in all spray site positions.All there is the installation spray gun system three layers of some position, and every spray gun is numbered respectively A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, and system drops into automatically operation, according to temperature, the NO of system
XThe parameter feedback such as concentration, flow (temperature change, system is fed back according to temperature parameter, selects suitable temperature window, namely changes spray site position level; Flow changes, and what need change is the size of system's ammonia spraying amount, and the variation of NSR mainly changes with the NOx change in concentration), 2-4 spray gun can be selected in system automatic Chosen Point position among A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, the C2, be actual spray gun point position of putting into operation.
Denitrating system flue gas treating capacity is 2.0 * 10
5Nm
3/ h, kiln tail chimney NO
XInitial concentration is 450mg/Nm
3, regulate NSR=1.0, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 100mg/Nm
3, near the fluctuation denitration rate 78%.
Regulate NSR=0.8, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 126mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 72%.
Regulate NSR=0.6, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 229mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 51%.
Regulate NSR=1.2, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 90mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 80%.
Regulate NSR=1.8, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 130mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 71%.
Embodiment 2
Determine according to the CFD analog result, spray gun is installed in and decomposes kiln kiln body middle and upper part (jet module three shown in the C dotted line frame among Fig. 1) and exhaust pass (jet module two shown in Figure 1B dotted line frame), the spray site position is divided into two-layer, 3 every layer (A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3).800~950 ℃ of temperature ranges are all dropped in all spray site positions.According to parameter feedbacks such as the temperature of system, concentration, flows, 3-6 spray gun can be selected in system automatic Chosen Point position among A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, the B3, is actual spray gun point position of putting into operation.
Denitrating system flue gas treating capacity is 3.0 * 10
5Nm
3/ h, NOx content 700mg/Nm
3, regulate NSR=1.8, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 150mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 78%.
Regulate NSR=1.7, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 175mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 75%.
Regulate NSR=1.5, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 315mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 55%.
Regulate NSR=1.4, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 280mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 60%.
Regulate NSR=1.3, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 308mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 56%.
Embodiment 3
Determine that according to the CFD analog result on the exhaust pass cigarette air pipe line straight up (jet module two shown in the A dotted line frame among Fig. 1), the spray site position is one deck, totally 8 spray guns (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8).800~950 ℃ of temperature ranges are all dropped in all spray site positions.All there is the installation spray gun system spray site position, system drops into automatically operation, according to the parameter feedbacks such as the temperature of system, concentration, flow, system automatic Chosen Point position, can select 4-8 spray gun among A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, the A8, be actual spray gun point position of putting into operation.
System automatic Chosen Point position is actual spray gun point position of putting into operation.
Denitrating system flue gas treating capacity is 6.0 * 10
5Nm
3/ h, NOx content 1000mg/Nm
3, regulate NSR=1.8, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 250mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 75%.
Regulate NSR=1.5, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 420mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 58%.
Regulate NSR=1.3, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 370mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 63%.
Regulate NSR=1.1, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 320mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 68%.
Regulate NSR=0.8, kiln tail chimney NO
XConcentration is reduced to about 500mg/Nm
3, the denitration rate fluctuates near 50%.