CN202813887U - Heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and heat pump water heating unit used in single and two-stage compression sequence - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heat pump, a heat pump air conditioner and a heat pump water heating unit used in single and two-stage compression sequence. The heat pump comprises a condenser, a throttling device, an evaporator and a compression unit which are sequentially connected through a refrigerant pipeline, a heat absorption device where the evaporator is located is disposed in a low-temperature heat source, the condenser is disposed in a medium to be heated, the compression unit is connected with a control device, the control device controls the compression unit to perform single-stage parallel-connection compression or restructuring two-stage serial-connection compression. The compressor adopting stage restructuring method sequentially performs single and two-stage compression, technical problems of high suction and discharge air pressure difference, high compression ratio and high compressor discharge temperature and low heat generation efficiency of the compressor can be improved and solved under conditions of low environmental temperature and high temperature of the medium to be heated, and energy in the air can be efficiently absorbed.

Description

Heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression uses in order

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of heat pump, particularly the heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and the heat-pump hot-water unit that use in order of a kind of single Two-stage Compression.

Background technology

Heat pump is a kind of evaporation and condensation by working medium, the heat energy of low-temperature heat source is transferred to the thermal apparatus of high temperature heat source.The low-temperature heat source that is generally used for heat pump assembly is medium---air, river, the seawater around us, municipal sewage, surface water, underground water, middle water, fire cistern, or the medium of discharging from the equipment of industrial product.At present, heat pump can be used for the heating to water, wet goods medium.But, in existing heat pump, main employing single stage compress mode, if low-temperature heat source temperature is low, the heated medium temperature high, then the evaporating pressure of heat pump evaporimeter is low, the condensing pressure of condenser is high, cause suction pressure of compressor and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two to enlarge, compression ratio increases, and compressor exhaust temperature raises, working conditions of compressor worsens, and heating capacity descends.Therefore, the single stage compress heat pump can't satisfy the Production requirement of high temperature drying, air heat and health hot water at low temperature season.

As in air source heat pump hot water production device, mainly adopt at present the single stage compress system, its groundwork process is, cold-producing medium absorbing air heat energy and become low-pressure steam in evaporimeter, sucked the steam that is compressed into HTHP by compressor, enter condenser and after running water is emitted heat, be condensed into refrigerant liquid, again through the throttling arrangement decompression, again flow into evaporimeter, thereby enter new round circulation, so move in circles, constantly the air heat energy of low-temperature space is pumped into the health hot water of high-temperature region.The single-stage compression heat-pump hot-water process units that so moves, its heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio) are mainly determined by condensing pressure and the evaporating pressure of heat pump.For the heat-pump hot-water unit, if environment temperature high (for example 15 ℃), hot water temperature's low (for example 25 ℃), the evaporating pressure higher (can reach more than the 6atm) in the heat pump evaporimeter then, condensing pressure in the condenser lower (approximately 12atm), suction pressure of compressor and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two is less, compression ratio is little, compressor exhaust temperature is lower, working conditions of compressor is good, heating capacity is extremely strong, and heating efficiency (heating the ratio of power and institute's power consumption) can reach more than 10 times.If but environment temperature is low, the hot water temperature is high, then the evaporating pressure of heat pump evaporimeter is low, the condensing pressure of condenser is high, cause suction pressure of compressor and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two to increase, compression ratio increases, compressor exhaust temperature raises, " three high one is low " phenomenon that heating capacity descends, and working conditions of compressor worsens.

Because the evaporating temperature of heat pump must be lower than the temperature of surrounding air, the liquid refrigerant in the evaporimeter could absorb heat, carburation by evaporation the air outside evaporimeter; So the evaporating pressure of heat pump mainly is to be determined by the temperature of surrounding air, environment temperature is low, and then evaporating pressure is low, and the density of the refrigerant gas that compressor sucks is low, and circulating mass of refrigerant is little, and heating capacity is poor.And the condensation temperature of heat pump hot-water system must be higher than the hot water temperature, and the refrigerant gas in the condenser could be put heat to the outer hot water of condenser, condensation liquefaction; So the condensing pressure of heat-pump hot-water unit mainly is to be determined by the temperature of hot water in the water tank, the hot water temperature raises then that condensing pressure raises.Therefore, with the heat pump hot-water system of water-storing tank, be a compressor electric motor ever-increasing varying duty system that loads.

The air source heat pump hot water production device of current operation adopts single stage compress to heat mode more.Out of doors during environment temperature lower (below 0 ℃), initial period, because the running water temperature in the water tank is lower, heating efficiency is also higher; But the running water in water tank enters middle high-temperature region, and then " pressure reduction " between the condensing pressure of this system and the evaporating pressure obviously enlarges, compression ratio obviously improves, compressor exhaust temperature increases fast, and working conditions of compressor obviously worsens, the heating efficiency fast-descending.

Please refer to table 1, data according to U.S.'s brand compressor " paddy wheel " manufacturer's up-to-date issue in 2011, the different evaporating temperature of a ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor, condensation temperature and motor suck power P and heat relation between power (heating capacity) H, wherein, this compressor adopts the R22 cold-producing medium.

The different evaporating temperature of table 1:ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor, condensation temperature and motor suction power P and heat relation between power (heating capacity) H

Can find out that from table 1 under 25 ℃ of conditions of 15 ℃ of condensation temperatures of evaporating temperature, suck electrical power 4435W, heating capacity 47595W, its heating efficiency is up to 10.7; But this ZW108KS compressor under the condition of evaporating temperature-25 ℃, condensation temperature+65 ℃, sucks electrical power 9825W, heating capacity 15858W, and its heating efficiency is down to 1.61; Compare with previous operating mode, compressor sucks electrical power increases by 121%, heating capacity reduces by 66.7%, the phenomenon of condensing pressure rising, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low " occurred, the working conditions of compressor severe exacerbation.And, this or laboratory data, in the heating of reality, because repeatedly carry out power consumption etc. the factor of counter-rotating defrost, water pump and blower fan on the evaporimeter in the on-way resistance of evaporimeter, condenser " two devices ", the system's running, the heating efficiency of system is with＜1.5, near the direct-fired efficient of resistance, high energy efficiency ratio and the economy of " heat pump " exhaust.This is the corollary of high compression ratio single stage compress heat pump process.

Same problem also is present in the existing domestic heat pump formula air-conditioning.

At outdoor environment temperature-10 ℃, under 30 ℃ of conditions of indoor air temperature, consider that the cross-ventilation heat transfer coefficient is lower, and the heat transfer area of outdoor unit heat exchanger is larger, its actual off-premises station evaporimeter heat transfer temperature difference is 10 ℃, indoor set condenser heat transfer temperature difference is 15 ℃, when air-conditioning carries out heating operation, 50 ℃ of indoor set leaving air temps, it is evaporating temperature-20 ℃, 65 ℃ of condensation temperatures adopt the heating efficiency of the heat pump air conditioner unit of ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor to only have 1.88, only are equivalent to 20 ℃ of outside air temperatures, 10 ℃ of evaporating temperatures, 30 ℃ of indoor air temperatures, about 48% of this heat pump air conditioner unit heating efficiency 3.86 under 65 ℃ of operating modes of condensation temperature; This or laboratory data.

If environment temperature further descends, for example outdoor temperature drops to below-20 ℃, add heat pump in the actual motion to the repeatedly defrosting to evaporimeter in the off-premises station, and the on-way resistance of evaporator-condenser " two devices " causes that evaporating pressure further reduces, the further factors such as rising of condensing pressure, no matter be fixed frequency air conditioner or convertible frequency air-conditioner, its heating efficiency and economy all will decay totally.In order to remedy the shortcoming of heat pump air conditioner cold operation poor performance, common practice can only be to increase the auxiliary heaters such as PTC or electrothermal tube at present, has not so both improved the heat pump compressor bad working environments, and more so that the whole energy consumption of air-conditioner increases, economy is lower.

Therefore, present single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy the high temperature health hot water Production requirement of Cold Winter, also can't solve the shortcoming of Cold Winter heat pump air conditioner heating operation poor performance at all.

The utility model content

The heat pump that provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order is provided the purpose of this utility model, with the technical problem of heating high-temperature medium under cryogenic conditions that solves that the single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy;

The heat pump air conditioner that provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order also is provided the purpose of this utility model, the technical problem of " three high is low " that suction and discharge pressure reduction raises when solving that the single stage compress air source heat pump system can't solve the operation of Cold Winter air-conditioning heating in the prior art, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces;

The heat-pump hot-water unit that provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order also is provided the purpose of this utility model, solving " three high one the is low " technical problem that suction and discharge pressure reduction raises when the Cold Winter heating operation, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces of single stage compress air source heat pump system in the prior art, with the production of the high temperature health hot water that satisfies Cold Winter.

In order to address the above problem, the heat pump that the utility model provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, the heat sink at described evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source, described condenser places heated medium, described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

The heat pump that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat pump that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat pump that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat pump that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat pump that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat pump that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat pump that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

According to the heat pump that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described low-temperature heat source comprises air or underground water or seawater, and described heated medium comprises water or air or oil.

The heat pump air conditioner that the utility model also provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, comprise indoor set, off-premises station, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, described condenser is arranged in the described indoor set, described indoor set places air, the off-premises station at described evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

The heat pump air conditioner that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat pump air conditioner that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat pump air conditioner that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the utility model also provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, comprise water tank, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, described condenser is arranged in the described water tank, the heat sink at described evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that uses in order according to the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single Two-stage Compression of the application's preferred embodiment uses in order, described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

Compared with prior art, there is following technique effect in the utility model:

The heat pump that a kind of single Two-stage Compression that the utility model provides uses in order, compressor adopts the classification recombination method, the single/double stage that uses in order compression, can be lower in environment temperature, under the condition that the heated medium temperature is higher, improve and solve the technical problem of compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low ", the energy in the high efficiency absorbing air.

The heat pump air conditioner that the utility model also provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, the compressor classification recombination method that adopts the utility model to provide is being lower than in-10 ℃ the environment, adopts two stages of compression, energy in the high efficiency absorbing air is with to indoor about 30 ℃ air heat release.When outside air temperature in winter higher (general＞0 ℃), then adopt the production in parallel of 2 compressors for the heat pump air conditioner that is formed by small one and large one two compressor, namely the single stage compress mode heats.And when outside air temperature lower (general＜0 ℃), then adopt large compressor to compress as the first order for the heat pump air conditioner that is formed by small one and large one two compressor, little compressor compresses as the second level, first, form Two-stage Compression after the two-stage compression series connection, with to indoor about 30 ℃ air heat release, this moment, two-stage compression heat pump system can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the entire system heating efficiency, solved in the prior art single stage compress heat pump and can't satisfy the heating of Cold Winter room air and realize the technical problem of heating, and solved the suction and discharge pressure reduction rising that existing single stage compress air source heat pump system occurs when room temperature is more than 30 ℃, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, the technical problem of " three high one is low " that heating efficiency reduces.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the utility model also provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, the compressor classification recombination method that adopts the utility model to provide, the heat pump of the single/double stage that uses in order compression, the energy in can the high efficiency absorbing air is to produce the health hot water about 60 ℃.When the water temperature of heat pump type hot water machine water tank lower (general＜40 ℃), then adopt multiple compressors production in parallel for the heat-pump water heater that is formed by multiple compressors, namely the single stage compress mode heats and carries out hot water production.And when water tank water temperature higher (general＞40 ℃), then adopt about 6/7 left and right sides quantity compressor parallel to compress as the first order for the heat-pump water heater that is formed by multiple compressors, 1/7 remaining left and right sides compressor compresses as the second level, first, form Two-stage Compression after the two-stage compression series connection, carry out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section, the heat pump that the single Two-stage Compression of this kind uses in order can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the entire system heating efficiency, solved that the single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy the technical problem of the high temperature health hot water Production requirement of Cold Winter in the prior art, and solved the suction and discharge pressure reduction that existing single stage compress air source heat pump system occurs raise when the water tank water temperature is in middle high-temperature region, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, the technical problem of " three high one is low " that heating efficiency reduces.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the heat pump air conditioner that uses in order of a kind of single Two-stage Compression of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the utility model adopts the heat pump air conditioner of single stage compress use;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the utility model adopts the heat pump air conditioner of Two-stage Compression use;

Fig. 4 be the utility model adopt heat pump air conditioner that Two-stage Compression uses P-V figure

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the heat-pump hot-water unit that uses in order of a kind of single Two-stage Compression of the utility model;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation that the utility model adopts the heat-pump hot-water unit of single stage compress use;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation that the utility model adopts the heat-pump hot-water unit of Two-stage Compression use;

Fig. 8 be the utility model adopt heat-pump hot-water unit that Two-stage Compression uses P-V figure.

The specific embodiment

The heat pump that the utility model provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, the heat sink at evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source, condenser places heated medium, compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.In the utility model, low-temperature heat source can comprise air or seawater or underground water, and heated medium can comprise water or air or wet goods, and the utility model is not limited the type of low-temperature heat source and heated medium.

In the utility model, compressor bank has following several possible structure:

The first, compressor bank comprise some identical compressors, and some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps some compressors carry out the two-stage series connection compression by the control device restructuring.As adopt a plurality of compressor parallels to carry out single stage compress at low-temperature space, adopt a plurality of weights of compressor to form the two-stage series connection compression in middle high-temperature region, the two-stage series connection compression can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the whole heating efficiency of system.

In the utility model, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, first order compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.The utility model does not limit the compressor number in first order compression and the second level compression, but in order to improve compression efficiency, when compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection, the refrigerant gas soakage of rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

First order compression can be the identical single cylinder compressor of structure with the second level each interior compressor of compression, comprise 5 ~ 9 or 5 ~ 9 multiple compressor such as compressor bank, first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 or 4 ~ 8 multiple platform parallel connection, preferably, compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections, but the utility model is not limited to this.In the utility model, each compressor in first order compression and the second level compression also can be multicylinder compressor, as long as satisfy compressor bank when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas discharge rate of the refrigerant gas soakage of rear one-level compression and previous stage compression is complementary, compression pressure reduction in the second level gets final product less than the principle of first order compression pressure reduction, and the utility model does not limit this.In this enforcement embodiment, second level compression is or/and each compressor in the first order compression can adopt frequency-changeable compressor, thereby change compressor speed power according to actual conditions by changing incoming frequency, reaching energy-conservation effect, but the utility model is not done concrete restriction to this.

The second, compressor bank comprise a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps some cylinders carry out the two-stage series connection compression by the control device restructuring.As adopt a plurality of cylinder parallel connections to carry out single stage compress at low-temperature space, adopt multi-cylinder to reassemble into the two-stage series connection compression in middle high-temperature region, the two-stage series connection compression can improve working conditions of compressor, improve whole heating efficiency of the present utility model.

In the utility model, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, first order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.The utility model does not limit the cylinder number in first order compression and the second level compression, but in order to improve compression efficiency, when compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection, the refrigerant gas soakage of rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle a plurality of cylinders are recombinated.In the utility model, more number of cylinders is adopted in first order compression.As in six cylinder compressors, when carrying out the two-stage series connection compression, the cylinder of 5 parallel connections is adopted in first order compression, 1 cylinder of second level boil down to, first order compression is connected with second level compression, and this is one of them specific embodiment of present embodiment, but the utility model is not limited to this.

The third, compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is greater than the inspiratory capacity of little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of concrete large compressor is that several times of the utility model of little compressor air suction amount do not limit.Preferably, large compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, preferably, the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is 6 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, large compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, and large compressor places first order compression, and little compressor places second level compression.The compressor bank that is the heat-pump-type Hot water units is comprised of small one and large one two compressor (the perhaps compressor of their integral multiples), and the inspiratory capacity of this small one and large one two compressors differs about 6 times.

Compressor bank can adopt any one of above-mentioned several situations, and the utility model does not limit.

In the utility model, control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.The principle of compressor bank restructuring being carried out the plural serial stage compression by control device is identical with the principle that the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring, therefore, by control device to compressor bank restructuring carry out plural serial stage and compress and also belong to protection domain of the present utility model.

In the utility model, the heat pump that this single Two-stage Compression uses in order can be used for water, air, wet goods heated medium are heated, its principle of heating is identical, for structure and the operation principle that can offer some clarification on heat pump of the present utility model, be used for air-conditioner take heat pump and add hot-air and be used for hot water production as example, described in detail.

The utility model also provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner of single Two-stage Compression, comprise indoor set and off-premises station, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, the utility model does not limit the number of evaporimeter, as comprising the evaporimeter of some parallel connections.It is indoor set that condenser is arranged on indoor, indoor set places air, the heat sink at evaporimeter place is that off-premises station places outdoor air or seawater or underground water, and the utility model is not limited this, places air to be described in detail as example at present embodiment take off-premises station.Compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.Control device is connected with compressor bank, and the control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression pyrogenic in parallel when outdoor environment temperature is in middle and high warm area (general〉0 ℃) in the winter time.When outdoor environment temperature is in low-temperature space (general＜0 ℃) in the winter time, carry out first single-stage compression pyrogenic in parallel; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, again that the most of compressors in the compressor bank or cylinder are in parallel, compress as the first order; Remaining minority compressor parallel or cylinder (if also having more than 2) compress as the second level; And then with first and second level compression series connection, form Two-stage Compression, but the Effective Raise indoor environment temperature solves and has improved the problem of " three high is low " that compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces of the appearance when the severe cold season environment temperature is low of existing single stage compress air source heat pump system.Below enumerating some better embodiments is described in detail.

The first, compressor bank comprise some identical compressors, and some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps some compressors carry out the two-stage series connection compression by the control device restructuring.Being in 0 ℃ such as outdoor environment temperature in the winter time adopts a plurality of compressor parallels to carry out single stage compress with upper high-temperature region; Be in when being lower than 0 ℃ low-temperature space in environment temperature, carry out first single-stage compression pyrogenic in parallel; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, adopt again a plurality of weights of compressor to form the two-stage series connections compression, the two-stage series connection compression can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the whole heating efficiency of system.

When room air effectively being heated (＞30 ℃) in the low temperature environment (＜0 ℃) in the winter time, the cold-producing medium soakage of second level compression is complementary with the cold-producing medium discharge rate of first order compression, the utility model and defer to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors.First order compression can be the identical single cylinder compressor of structure with the second level each interior compressor of compression, comprise 5 ~ 9 or 5 ~ 9 multiple compressor such as compressor bank, first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 or 4 ~ 8 multiple platform parallel connection, preferably, compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections, but the utility model is not limited to this.The better recombination method of present embodiment is, first order compression comprises the compressor of 6 parallel connections, and second level compression comprises 1 compressor.During 7 simultaneously parallel connections of compressor, compressor bank is done single-stage compression in parallel.When connecting with 1 compressor of second level compression behind 6 compressor parallels of first order compression, compressor bank forms Two-stage Compression again.The utility model does not limit the number of compressor, simultaneously, the restructuring situation of a plurality of compressors is not limited yet, and can select according to concrete operating position number and the restructuring progression of compressor.

The second, compressor bank comprise a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps some cylinders carry out the two-stage series connection compression by the control device restructuring.Adopt a plurality of cylinder parallel connections to carry out single stage compress such as the middle high-temperature region that environment temperature in the winter time is in more than 0 ℃; Be in environment temperature and be lower than 0 ℃ low-temperature space, carry out first single-stage compression pyrogenic in parallel; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, adopt again multi-cylinder to reassemble into the two-stage series connection compression, the two-stage series connection compression can improve working conditions of compressor, improve whole heating efficiency of the present utility model.

In the utility model, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, first order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.The utility model does not limit the cylinder number in first order compression and the second level compression, but in order to improve compression efficiency, when compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection, the refrigerant gas soakage of rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and the utility model defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle a plurality of cylinders are recombinated.In the utility model, more number of cylinders is adopted in first order compression.The utility model does not limit the restructuring situation of a plurality of cylinders yet, can select according to concrete operating position number and the restructuring progression of cylinder.As for eight cylinder compressors, the cylinder of seven parallel connections is adopted in first order compression, and a cylinder is adopted in second level compression.

The third, compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, preferably, the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is 6 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, large compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, and large compressor places first order compression, and little compressor places second level compression.The compressor bank that is heat pump air conditioner is comprised of small one and large one two compressor (the perhaps compressor of their integral multiples), and the inspiratory capacity of this small one and large one two compressors differs about 6 times, the utility model is with reference to principle and the method for the two-stage compression module restructuring of above-mentioned compressor group, in the winter time during environment temperature higher (general〉0 ℃), this small one and large one two compressor parallel connections are heated work, namely adopt the single stage compress mode that air is heated; And when environment temperature lower (general＜0 ℃), carry out first single-stage compression pyrogenic in parallel; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, larger inspiratory capacity compressor to be compressed as the first order, inspiratory capacity only has the little compressor of large compressor about 1/6 to compress as the second level; And then with first and second level compression series connection, form Two-stage Compression, and heat, can reach equally the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit.

In the utility model, multicylinder compressor and a plurality of single cylinder compressors and multicylinder compressor are identical with the operation principle of the compress mode of single cylinder compressor combination, and the utility model is illustrated no longer one by one.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, take the heat pump air conditioner unit that is comprised of small one and large one two compressors as example, the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression is used in order is described in detail.

Please refer to Fig. 1, the heat pump air conditioner that a kind of single Two-stage Compression uses in order, comprise indoor set 10, off-premises station and heat pump assembly, heat pump assembly comprises condenser 2, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter 5 and the compressor bank 6 that connects by refrigerant line in turn, in the present embodiment, heat pump assembly comprises the condenser 2 of three parallel connections, but the utility model does not limit the number of condenser.Condenser 2 is arranged in the indoor set 10, and indoor set 10 places air, and the off-premises station at evaporimeter 5 places places air, and compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.In the present embodiment, the lower end of indoor set 11 is provided with air outlet, air inlet and outlet pipe, control device comprises some magnetic valves, control by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank 6 is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the double stage tandem compression is carried out in restructuring, wherein, compressor bank 6 comprises large compressor and a little compressor, the inspiratory capacity of large compressor is about 5.5 times of little compressor, large compressor 68 and little compressor 69 carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.In heat pump assembly, the pipeline that connects little compressor 69 has two, i.e. the first pipeline and the second pipeline, be provided with on the first pipeline on magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve the 39, second pipeline magnetic valve 28 be set: please refer to Fig. 2, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 is opened, when magnetic valve 28 cuts out, the first pipeline is connected, the second pipeline is closed, and little compressor 69 is in parallel with large compressor 68, is called single-stage compression in parallel; Please refer to Fig. 3, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 cuts out, when magnetic valve 28 is opened, the first pipeline is closed, the second pipeline is connected, little compressor 69 is connected with large compressor 68, i.e. folding by magnetic valve forms the double stage tandem compression with the compressor restructuring, and large compressor 68 places first order compression, and little compressor 69 places second level compression.

During environment temperature higher (general〉0 ℃), the utility model then with this two compressors parallel connection, carries out air heat for the heat pump assembly that is comprised of small one and large one two compressor, namely adopts the single stage compress mode to heat in the winter time.And in the winter time during environment temperature lower (general＜0 ℃), adopt first the single stage compress of big or small compressor parallel to heat; When room air reaches more than 20 ℃, the compressor bank between evaporator outlet and condenser inlet is recombinated: large inspiratory capacity compressor is wherein compressed as the first order; Little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level; And then with first and second level compression series connection, form Two-stage Compression, carry out under the low ambient temperature the effective heating to room air.

Because refrigerant gas is different from refrigerant liquid, have compressibility and significantly compressed by compressor, so on each flow area in heat pump, refrigerant mass fluxes is identical and volume flow is widely different, the coupling balance of the soakage of one-level compression and previous stage compression discharge rate after when weight of compressor component level, must guaranteeing, Here it is with in the system " inspiratory capacity is compressed as the first order greatly; And little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level " basis.

When environment temperature was in low-temperature space (general＜0 ℃) and implements the multiple compressors restructuring in the winter time, the utility model deferred to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors.

Why the utility model adopts the work done during compression Δ w of high stage compressor ₂Work done during compression Δ w with first order compressor ₁The basic method that equates is recombinated to multiple compressors, large inspiratory capacity compressor is wherein compressed as the first order, and little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level, and then with first, the Two-stage Compression pattern that compressor configuration is carried out in two-stage compression series connection is carried out under the low ambient temperature the effective heating to room air, when in low temperature (＜0 ℃) environment, producing high temperature air, the cold-producing medium discharge rate of the cold-producing medium soakage of second level compression and first order compression is complementary, it is substantially even to make first order compression and the second level compress the live load of each compressor, thereby electric machine iron core and coil heating when making each compressor operation, electrical machine insulation and cylinder lubricating system etc. all are in stably kilter of basis equalization, with prevent the Partial shrinkage machine particularly high stage compressor serious overlond running appears.

When winter environment temperature＜0 ℃, first that small one and large one two compressor of air source heat pump air-conditioner is in parallel during indoor air temperature＜20 ℃, weave into the single stage compress module and heat production; When indoor air temperature＞20 ℃, again large inspiratory capacity compressor (inspiratory capacity is about 5.5 times of little compressor) is wherein weaved into first order compression module, 1 little inspiratory capacity compressor is born second level compression module in addition, and two module work in tandems are with high-temperature hot air in producing.

Winter heating, the single Two-stage Compression of source pump uses in order, but shorter for the single stage compress process of atmosphere temperature rising; The body of work time of heat pump air conditioner unit and heating task are to compensate room air to the leakage heat of body of wall and atmospheric environment, keep room air and are in the higher temperatures district such as 30 ℃.Keep the temperature of 30 ℃ of room air main bodys, the leaving air temp of source pump indoor set must reach more than 45 ℃, and condensation temperature must reach more than 50 ℃.

Now operate to example explanation with the heat pump heating under the ambient air temperature-10 ℃ condition. at ambient air temperature-10 ℃, heat pump air conditioner unit main body adopts the two stages of compression mode running time, defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" the principle spirit of carrying out multiple compressors restructuring; the two stages of compression operating mode is: first order compression module is that the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of large inspiratory capacity compressor is that evaporating pressure is the corresponding evaporating temperature-20 of 2.44atm(℃; than low 10 ℃ of ambient air temperature); second level compression module is that the pressure at expulsion of little inspiratory capacity compressor is that condensing pressure is 19.43atm (50 ℃ of corresponding condensation temperature; higher 20 ℃ than indoor set air draught temperature; higher 5 ℃ than indoor machine wind-discharging temperature), and overall compression ratio reaches 8.Intermediate pressure (being the pressure at expulsion of first order compression, also is the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of second level compression) is 13.42atm, and first order compression ratio is 5.5, and pressure reduction is 10.98atm; Second level compression ratio is 1.45, and pressure reduction is 6.0atm.If continue to adopt the mode of production of single stage compress, heating efficiency will by theoretic drop to more than 4 in the reality below 2, because the factors such as the clearance of compressor and leakage have become very serious under High Pressure Difference high compression ratio condition, cause the actual exhaust air temperature in this stage can reach more than 130 ℃, heating efficiency drops to below 1.5, and high energy efficiency ratio and the economy of " heat pump " exhaust.

And in this stage, the utility model adopts two stages of compression, the overall compression ratio 8 of heat pump air conditioner unit decomposes, disposes between the two stages of compression module, during operating mode, the heating efficiency that can guarantee whole system is in reasonably, whole operating mode, the efficient of heat pump air conditioner unit are compared with single stage compress, obviously improve.

Please refer to Fig. 4, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process (adiabatic exponent of R22 is 1.18) at P-V figure.Intermediate pressure between the first two-stage compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the in many ways compression process line that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.When indoor air temperature reaches 20 ℃, control system automaticallyes switch, the pipeline that large inspiratory capacity compressor leads to condenser in the single stage compress stage is closed, and the exhaust of this large inspiratory capacity compressor transported to intercooler, emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature, send into the suction inlet of second level compression module (being little inspiratory capacity compressor), second-compressed enters condenser after becoming high steam again.

Take the heat pump air conditioner unit as example, to the first order in the two stages of compression combination and the work done during compression of the second level, carry out the mathematical modeling analysis now.

Can clearly find out on P-V figure: during heating operation, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process, and the cold-producing medium that present embodiment adopts is R22:

In many ways the compression process equation is: pv ⁿ=c, (1＜n＜1.18)

The first order compression of heat pump air conditioner unit is discussed first.

At first use the method for definite integral, calculate and adopt large compressor to carry out first order compression, per hour 136.95m ³, the 2.44atm low-pressure steam, be compressed to intermediate pressure electric work that 13.42atm consumes.About the first order compression volume compression to 1/5.5 with low-pressure steam, namely be compressed to the gross exhaust gas (1/5.5) of the large compressor of the first order * 136.95m ³Inspiratory capacity 24.9m with the little compressor in the second level ³Substantially equal, the intermediate pressure between the first order second level is about 5.5 * 2.44=13.42atm at this moment.

To in many ways compress and be considered as adiabatic compression:

Pv ⁿ=c，n=1.18

Pressure and the volume of compression starting point are brought into

C=P·v ⁿ

=p ₁·v ₁ ⁿ

=2.44×1.013×100000×136.95 ^1.18

Work done during compression can be tried to achieve to the definite integral between the 13.42atm at 2.44atm pressure with volume

$S={\∫}_{2.44}^{13.42}p\·\mathrm{dv}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724171857.png,120724171859.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=6.591\&times;{10}^{7}J$

$=18.31\mathrm{kwh}$

As with 24.9m ³Inspiratory capacity be reference, then equivalent horsepower is 3.3kw.If also namely little inspiratory capacity compressor operating is in the first order, then its compression horsepower is 3.3kw, is in " underloading " state.The work done during compression of the large inspiratory capacity compressor of first order 18.31kwh, during with this compressor single stage compress, directly absorbing heat pumps into 30 ℃ room air from-10 ℃ of surrounding airs, corresponding to pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 19.43atm, per hour work done during compression 22.95kwh compares, and this compressor is in " underloading " state.As take " pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 19.43atm " as compressor 100% full load condition, then under the duty of " pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 13.42atm ", rate of load condensate is 79.8%.

See again the second level compression of heat pump air conditioner group.

Use now the method for definite integral, calculate second level compression with 24.9m ³/ h, intermediate pressure are consumed electric work by the both vapor compression of 13.42atm to the final states of 19.43atm:

C=Pv ⁿ

=13.42×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

Work done during compression $S={\&Integral;}_{13.42}^{19.43}v\&CenterDot;\mathrm{dp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724171857.png,120724171859.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=1.2888\&times;{10}^{7}J$

$=3.58\mathrm{kwh}$

The second level effective compression horsepower of little inspiratory capacity compressor is 3.58kw, belongs to light running; Be equivalent to 24.9m with the first order ³The compression equivalent horsepower 3.3kw of inspiratory capacity, very approaching, " substantially equal ".

On P-V figure, compressor carries out the work done during compression that first compression is done, and is exactly that compression process curve, suction pressure of compressor line, Compressor Discharge Pressure line and P axle enclose the area of the trapezoid with curve sides that forms in many ways.Because the in many ways compression curve of hiigh pressure stage is more precipitous than the in many ways compression curve of low-pressure stage, only has the second level of employing compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁Method, could realize " the work done during compression Δ w of the little inspiratory capacity compressor of second level compression ₂Suck volume compression merit Δ w with the equivalent of the large inspiratory capacity compressor of first order compression ₁Substantially equal ".

Under the environment temperature below-10 ℃, use the hot-air of 40 ℃ of energy production in the heat pump air conditioner absorbing air, in the middle high-temperature region of room air (＞30 ℃), the utility model defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle, carry out the restructuring of compressor bank, improved at all the operating mode of compressor, and improved the Energy Efficiency Ratio that heats.Become after the two stages of compression by single stage compress, total thermal discharge of heat pump air conditioner unit condenser reduces to some extent, the minimizing ratio during with single stage compress the inspiratory capacity of little compressor to account for the ratio of two compressor air suction total amounts of size in the system identical, about 1/6; The heating efficiency of this stage heat pump air conditioner (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is greater than 3, the little 17%(1/6 of heating efficiency of single stage compress during only than 20 ℃ of indoor air temperatures) about, single stage compress heat pump air conditioner unit Energy Efficiency Ratio is more than 1/3 when exceeding 30 ℃ of indoor temperatures.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the utility model also provides a kind of single Two-stage Compression to use in order, at this heat-pump hot-water unit, the compressor bank in the heat pump air conditioner that the structure of compressor bank and recombination form and single Two-stage Compression use in order is similar, repeats no more herein.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, lift the air heat pump Hot water units that a compressor bank adopts many single cylinder compressors, the method for single Two-stage Compression that uses in order under the cryogenic conditions in the winter time, the process of high efficiency production high temperature health hot water is described in detail.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that a kind of single Two-stage Compression uses in order, comprise water tank, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, the heat sink at evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, and condenser is arranged in the water tank.In the utility model, it is identical that the heat sink at evaporimeter place places the operation principle of air or seawater or underground water, the utility model places heat sink and does not where do concrete restriction, below places air to be described in detail as example take the heat sink at evaporimeter place.In the utility model, compressor bank comprises several compressors and control device, and some compressors are compressor, and some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device, and perhaps some compressors carry out the two-stage series connection compression by the control device restructuring.The utility model is also listed the situation that some compressors can be divided into multi-stage compression within the protection domain of the present utility model control device.

In the utility model, when the water temperature lower (general＜40 ℃) of heat pump type hot water machine water tank, then all compressor parallels are carried out hot water production for the heat pump assembly that is formed by multiple compressors, namely adopt the single stage compress mode to heat and carry out hot water production.And when water tank water temperature higher (general＞40 ℃), then the compressor bank between evaporator outlet and condenser inlet is recombinated: for the hot water apparatus that is formed by multiple compressors, with most of compressor parallels wherein, compress as the first order; Remaining minority compressor parallel (if also having more than 2) compresses as the second level; And then with first and second level compression series connection, form Two-stage Compression, carry out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section.

Because refrigerant gas is different from refrigerant liquid, have compressibility and significantly compressed by compressor, so on each flow area in heat pump, refrigerant mass fluxes is identical and volume flow is widely different, the coupling balance of the soakage of one-level compression and previous stage compression discharge rate after when weight of compressor component level, must guaranteeing, Here it is with in the system " most of compressor parallels compress as the first order; And remaining minority compressor parallel (if also having more than 2), as second level compression " basis.

When the water tank water temperature section of reaching a high temperature (general＞40 ℃) was implemented the multiple compressors restructuring, the utility model deferred to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors.

Why the utility model adopts the work done during compression Δ w of high stage compressor ₂Work done during compression Δ w with first order compressor ₁The basic method that equates is recombinated to multiple compressors, most of compressors (about 6/7) parallel connection is wherein compressed as the first order, and with the minority compressor (about 1/7) of remainder (if also having more than 2) in parallel as compressing the second level, and then with first, the two-stage compression series connection is carried out the Two-stage Compression pattern of compressor configuration and is carried out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section, when in low temperature (10 ℃ of＜﹣) environment, producing high temperature (＞60 ℃) hot water, the cold-producing medium discharge rate of the cold-producing medium soakage of second level compression and first order compression is complementary, it is substantially even to make first order compression and the second level compress the live load of each compressor, thereby electric machine iron core and coil heating when making each compressor operation, electrical machine insulation and cylinder lubricating system etc. all are in stably kilter of basis equalization, with prevent the Partial shrinkage machine particularly high stage compressor serious overlond running appears.

Take the heat-pump hot-water unit as example, to the first order in the two stages of compression combination and the work done during compression of the second level, carry out the mathematical modeling analysis now.

Can clearly find out on P-V figure: during heating operation, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process, and the cold-producing medium that present embodiment adopts is R22:

In many ways the compression process equation is: pv ⁿ=c, (1＜n＜1.18)

First order compression is discussed first.

At first use the method for definite integral, calculate and adopt paddy wheel compression machine Zw108ks to carry out first order compression, per hour 24.9m ³, the 2.44atm low-pressure steam, be compressed to intermediate pressure electric work that 14.64atm consumes.About the first order compression volume compression to 1/6 with low-pressure steam, namely be compressed to the gross exhaust gas 6 of 6 compressors of the first order * (1/6) * 24.9m ³Inspiratory capacity 24.9m with high stage compressor ³Substantially equal, the intermediate pressure between the first order second level is about 6 * 2.44=14.64atm at this moment.

To in many ways compress and be considered as adiabatic compression:

Pv ⁿ=c，n=1.18

Pressure and the volume of compression starting point are brought into

C=Pv ⁿ

=p ₁·v ₁ ⁿ

=2.44×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

Work done during compression can be tried to achieve to the definite integral between the 14.64atm at 2.44atm pressure with volume

$S={\&Integral;}_{2.44}^{16.64}v\mathrm{dp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724171857.png,120724171859.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=12672000J$

$=3.52\mathrm{kwh}$

Effectively compression horsepower is 3.52kw, and the power that the Zw108ks compressor is worked between evaporating temperature-20 ℃, condensation temperature+35 ℃ is 5267W, and electric efficiency=3520w/5267W=66.8% belongs to light running.

See again second level compression.

When the two stages of compression operational mode began, first order pressure of inspiration(Pi) was 2.44atm, and intermediate pressure is 14.64atm, and second level pressure at expulsion is 17.3atm; System's overall compression ratio 7.1, wherein first order compression ratio is 6, second level compression ratio is 1.18.

Thereafter, the pressure at expulsion of second level compression and the overall compression ratio of system are gone on the way, reach respectively 27.0,11.1, and first order compression ratio is stabilized near 6, and second level compression ratio is progressively up to reach 1.8; The work done during compression of high stage compressor, by the work done during compression less than single compressor of the first order, it is fair with it to rise to, and rises to the work done during compression greater than single compressor of the first order again, realizes on the whole " the work done during compression Δ w of single compressor of second level compression ₂Work done during compression Δ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Substantially equal ".

Use now the method for definite integral, the starting stage is compressed with 24.9m in the second level that calculates in the Two-stage Compression ³/ h, intermediate pressure arrive the electric work that consumed of 17.3atm by the both vapor compression of 14.64atm:

C=p ₁●v ₁ ⁿ

=14.64×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

Effectively compression horsepower is 1.74kw, belongs to the light(-duty) service at two stages of compression initial stage.

And in the latter stage that heat-pump hot-water unit high temperature heats, in short-term heavy service has appearred in the second level compression in the Two-stage Compression.Use now the method for definite integral, calculate second level compression with 24.9m ³/ h, intermediate pressure are consumed electric work by the both vapor compression of 14.64atm to the final states of 27.0atm:

Work done during compression

$S={\&Integral;}_{14.64}^{27}v\mathrm{dp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724171857.png,120724171859.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=23748800.8J$

$=6.6\mathrm{kwh}$

Effectively compression horsepower is 6.6kw, belongs to the hot water production heavy service in latter stage.

On an average, the mean power of the second level compression in the Two-stage Compression is about 4.17kw, is a bit larger tham the power 3.52kw of the first order compression in the Two-stage Compression, and is roughly suitable.

On P-V figure, compressor carries out the work done during compression that first compression is done, and is exactly that compression process curve, suction pressure of compressor line, Compressor Discharge Pressure line and P axle enclose the area of the trapezoid with curve sides that forms in many ways.Because the in many ways compression curve of hiigh pressure stage is more precipitous than the in many ways compression curve of low-pressure stage, and the cylinder of compressor appearance is identical, only has the second level of employing compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁Method, could realize " the work done during compression Δ w of single compressor of second level compression ₂Work done during compression Δ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Substantially equal ".

Intermediate pressure between first order compression and the two-stage compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the in many ways compression process line that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.Under the evaporating pressure of determining and condensing pressure, the quantity that participates in the compressor that the first order compresses increases, the lifting that makes progress of the capacity that gathers and pressure at expulsion, and intermediate pressure also moves up; The quantity that participates in the compressor of first order compression reduces, and the capacity and the pressure at expulsion that gather reduce downwards, and intermediate pressure also moves down thereupon.Same, under the evaporating pressure of determining and condensing pressure, the quantity that participates in the compressor of second level compression increases, and the second level inspiratory capacity that gathers increases, and intermediate pressure also moves down; The quantity that participates in the compressor of second level compression reduces, and the inspiratory capacity that gathers reduces, and intermediate pressure also moves up thereupon.Therefore, when the heat pump type hot water machine adopted the two stages of compression mode to heat production in the hot water high temperature section, its evaporating pressure was determined that by ambient air temperature its condensing pressure is determined that by the hot water temperature pressure is determined by the quantity configuration of the first split-compressor in the middle of it.

During now with 10 ℃ of environment temperature ﹣, adopting the net for air-source heat pump units of configuration 7 compressors that 5 ℃ of running water in the water tank are produced 60 ℃ of health hot waters is the example explanation.

Please refer to Fig. 5, the heat-pump hot-water unit that a kind of single Two-stage Compression uses in order, comprise water tank 1 and heat pump assembly, heat pump assembly comprises condenser 2, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter 5 and the compressor bank 6 that connects by refrigerant line in turn, wherein, the heater at evaporimeter 5 places places air, condenser 2 is arranged in the water tank 1 and is positioned at the bottom of water tank 1, throttling arrangement is choke valve 4, also be provided with the devices such as intercooler, filter 3 between condenser 2 and evaporimeter 5, present embodiment is not done concrete restriction.The upper end of water tank 1 is provided with exhaust outlet, water inlet, and the lower end is provided with delivery port, and also is provided with water circulating pump in the lower end of water tank 1.Control device comprises some magnetic valves, control by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank 6 is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the double stage tandem compression is carried out in restructuring, wherein, compressor bank 6 comprises the first compressor 61, the second compressor 62, the 3rd compressor 63, the 4th compressor 64, the 5th compressor 65, the 6th compressor 66 and the 7th compressor 67, the first compressor 61, the second compressor 62, the 3rd compressor 63, the 4th compressor 64, the 5th compressor 65, the 6th compressor 66 is parallel with one another, in heat pump assembly, the pipeline that connects the 7th compressor 67 has two, i.e. the first pipeline and the second pipeline, be provided with magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 on the first pipeline, magnetic valve 28 is set: please refer to Fig. 6 on the second pipeline, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 are opened, when magnetic valve 28 cuts out, the first pipeline is connected, the second pipeline is closed, the 7th compressor 67 and other six compressor parallels is called single-stage compression in parallel; Please refer to Fig. 7, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 cuts out, when magnetic valve 28 is opened, the first pipeline is closed, the second pipeline is connected, six compressors of the 7th compressor 67 and other are connected, i.e. folding by magnetic valve forms the double stage tandem compression with the compressor restructuring.

Heat pump type hot water machine evaporimeter absorbs heat from surrounding air, and the convective heat-transfer coefficient of air is less, greatly about 25～120W/ (m ²℃), it is larger to reach certain required heat transfer temperature difference of Endothermic power, generally at 6～12 ℃, and desirable 10 ℃; The running water heat release of heat-pump hot-water unit condenser in the water tank, the convective heat-transfer coefficient of water is very high, greatly about 3500～9500W/ (m ²℃), it is less to reach certain required heat transfer temperature difference of heat release power, generally at 4～8 ℃, and desirable 5 ℃.The resistance of ignoring the connecting line between pipeline in the heat exchanger and heat exchanger, compressor, the choke valve, ignore in the refrigerant gas compression process and piston, cylinder sleeve between heat exchange, the real process of complexity is abstracted into simple cyclic process.

1, the single stage compress stage

In the time of during the water tank water temperature is in lower temperature, adopt 7 compressor concurrent job patterns, implement single stage compress, water temperature from 5 ℃ of circulations of ﹢ rise to+40 ℃.The 2.44atm evaporating pressure (corresponding to saturation temperature be-20 ℃, the environment temperature than-10 ℃ is low 10 ℃) under, source pump sucks after the evaporation suitably overheated refrigerant vapor, is discharged into the condenser heat release after the compression.The condensing pressure of source pump, constantly high in the hydronic process of water body, from the saturation temperature of 6.8atm(corresponding to 10 ℃, exceed 5 ℃ than 5 ℃ of the initial temperatures of running water in the water tank), progressively rising to saturation temperature corresponding to 17.3atm(is 45 ℃), compression ratio progressively rises to 7.1 by 2.8, and the theoretical delivery temperature of compressor progressively rises to 84 ℃ by 35 ℃, in fact owing to factors such as the compressor air suction degree of superheat, compressor redundant gap coefficients, delivery temperature is about 120 ℃; Unit heating efficiency (theory) is corresponding progressively to drop to 3.4 by 7.2, actual descend more more.

As known from the above, the water tank water temperature from 5 ℃ of circulations of ﹢ rise to+40 ℃ process in, air source heat pump system is corresponding the phenomenon of condensing pressure rising, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low " to have occurred.This is the corollary of single stage compress heat pump process, also is acceptable during in water tank hot water temperature＜40 ℃.

2, the Two-stage Compression stage

When the water tank water temperature reaches 40 ℃, 6 compressors of air-source heat pump hot water group are in parallel, weave into the one-level compression module, 1 compressor is born the two-stage compression module in addition, and two module work in tandems are with high temperature health hot water in producing.

It is the single stage compress stage in the phase I of hot water production, when 7 compressor parallel runnings reach 40 ℃ to the Water in Water Tanks temperature, control system automaticallyes switch, the pipeline that 6 compressors lead to condenser in the single stage compress stage is closed, and the gas exhaust piping of this 6 compressor merged, exhaust is transported to intercooler behind the interflow, in intercooler with the liquid refrigerant heat exchange of introducing from throttling arrangement, emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature, send into again the suction inlet of second level compression module (i.e. the 7th compressor), enter condenser after being become high steam by second-compressed, expenditure and pressure after the heat release liquefaction enters first order compression module (6 compressors in parallel) evaporimeter before again.

In this stage, the evaporating pressure of first order compression module still is 2.44atm, the condensing pressure of second level compression module rises in 60 ℃ the process constantly high at the Water in Water Tank temperature from 40 ℃, progressively rise to 27.0atm from 17.3atm, intermediate pressure also progressively rises thereupon, the corresponding rising of delivery temperature, overall compression ratio reaches 11.1.

If continue to adopt the mode of production of single stage compress in the middle high-temperature region of hot water, then the Water in Water Tank temperature from+40 ℃ rise to+60 ℃ process in, condensing pressure rises to 27.0atm by 17.3 equally, the theoretical delivery temperature of unit will rise to 105 ℃ by 84 ℃, heating efficiency will be by 3.4 dropping to below 2 in theory, because the factors such as the clearance of compressor and leakage have become more serious under High Pressure Difference high compression ratio condition, cause the actual exhaust air temperature in this stage can reach more than 150 ℃, heating efficiency drops to below 1.5, and high energy efficiency ratio and the economy of " heat pump " exhaust.

But in this stage, the utility model adopts two stages of compression, the overall compression ratio 11.1 of hot water machine decomposes, disposes between the two stages of compression module, during operating mode, the heating efficiency that can guarantee whole system is in reasonably, whole operating mode, the efficient of hot-water heating system are compared with single stage compress, obviously improve.

Please refer to Fig. 8, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process (adiabatic exponent of R22 is 1.18) at P-V figure.Intermediate pressure between the first two-stage compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the in many ways compression process line that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.When the Water in Water Tanks temperature reaches 40 ℃, control system automaticallyes switch, 6 in 7 compressors were closed towards the pipeline of condenser in the single stage compress stage, and the gas exhaust piping of this 6 compressor merged, exhaust is transported to intercooler behind the interflow, emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature, send into the suction inlet of second level compression module (i.e. the 7th compressor) again, second-compressed enters condenser after becoming high steam.The state parameter of (saturated) steam that first order compressor sucks is-20 ℃, 2.44atm, 92.8l/kg, requirement according to " intersection point of the in many ways compression process line that all compressors of the inspiratory capacity of high stage compressor and the first order gather determines intermediate pressure ", the specific volume of refrigerant gas must be compressed to 1/6 of inspiratory volume 92.8l/kg, be 15.47l/kg, the capacity of 6 first order compressors could be mated substantially with the inspiratory capacity of high stage compressor.Specific volume is that the saturated vapour pressure of 15.47l/kg is about 14.64atm.Namely the intermediate pressure of the first two-stage compression is 14.64atm.

When the two stages of compression operational mode began, first order pressure of inspiration(Pi) was 2.44atm, and intermediate pressure is 14.64atm, and second level pressure at expulsion is 17.3atm; System's overall compression ratio 7.1, wherein first order compression ratio is 6, second level compression ratio is 1.18.Thereafter, the pressure at expulsion of second level compression and the overall compression ratio of system are gone on the way, reach respectively 27.0,11.1, and first order compression ratio is stabilized near 6, and second level compression ratio is also thereupon up to reach 1.8; The work done during compression of high stage compressor, by the work done during compression less than single compressor of the first order, it is fair to rise to, and rises to the work done during compression greater than single compressor of the first order again, realizes on the whole " the work done during compression Δ w of single compressor of second level compression ₂Work done during compression Δ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Substantially equal ".

Under the environment temperature below-10 ℃, the health hot water that the energy production in the use heat pump absorbing air is 60 ℃, at running water low-temperature space (＜40 ℃), system energy efficiency higher (＞4).In the middle high-temperature region of hot water, the utility model defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors, improved at all the operating mode of compressor, and improved the Energy Efficiency Ratio that heats.At 40～60 ℃ of warm areas, adopt the two stages of compression mode of the utility model restructuring to carry out high-temperature-hot-water production, the total power consumption of the first split-compressor total power consumption during with single stage compress compared, and beginning slightly reduces, and remaining basically stable in the centre, slightly rises at last; Total thermal discharge of hot water machine condenser reduces to some extent, and the minimizing ratio is identical with the ratio that high stage compressor quantity accounts for compressor total amount in the system, and about 1/7; The heating efficiency of this stage heat pump hot-water system (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is greater than 2.5, the little 14%(1/7 of heating efficiency of single stage compress during only than 40 ℃ of water tank hot water) about, exceed identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 2/3; Two stages of low temperature and middle high temperature integrate, heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio)＞3.

If heat pump hot-water system employing inspiratory capacity differs the big or small compressor combination about 6 times, the utility model is according to principle and the method for the two-stage compression module restructuring of above-mentioned compressor group, compression is recombinated to size, adopt the big or small compressor single stage compress that walks abreast at the low-temperature space of health hot water, adopt large inspiratory capacity compressor to place the first order, little inspiratory capacity compressor to place the second level, reassemble into two stages of compression in middle high-temperature region, can reach equally the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit.

If heat pump adopts medium-sized or large scale multi-cylinder compressor, the utility model is according to principle and the method for the two-stage compression module restructuring of above-mentioned compressor group, cylinder to multicylinder compressor is recombinated, low-temperature space at health hot water adopts the parallel single stage compress of multi-cylinder, adopt multi-cylinder restructuring two stages of compression in middle high-temperature region, can reach equally the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit.

If heat pump hot-water system adopts frequency-changeable compressor, particularly in high stage compressor, use converter technique, implement further to improve the particularly inspiratory capacity of hiigh pressure stage of low-pressure stage, thereby further improve exerting oneself and running quality of system after the compressor bank restructuring of the present utility model.

If in temperature higher season, use heat pump hot-water system to produce the high-temperature-hot-water of higher temperature (for example 80 ℃), implementing the utility model recombinates to compressor bank, high-temperature region at hot water, the compression ratio that can reach equally the first order and high stage compressor group descends, delivery temperature descends, and operating mode is improved, the positive effect that the whole Energy Efficiency Ratio of hot-water heating system improves.

If heat pump is used to the heat temperature raising to heat conduction wet goods fluid media (medium), implementing the utility model recombinates to compressor bank, middle high-temperature region at fluid media (medium), there is equally the compression ratio of the first order and high stage compressor group to descend, delivery temperature descends, operating mode is improved, the positive effect that Energy Efficiency Ratio improves.

Main innovate point of the present utility model is:

The first, the temperature of source pump is carried out subregion, " because of district's suiting measures to different conditions ".

Winter, the utility model carried out subregion with environment temperature and indoor air temperature when heating to room air, during environment temperature＞0 ℃, heated the employing single stage compress; During environment temperature＜0 ℃, heat the heat pump method that adopts single Two-stage Compression to use in order: indoor air temperature is divided into low-temperature space (below+5 ℃-+20 ℃) and middle warm area (+20 ℃ more than-+30 ℃), the operational mode of corresponding heat pump, relative set is single stage compress and Two-stage Compression.

Winter is when producing health hot water, the utility model carries out subregion with the health hot water temperature of producing, be divided into middle low-temperature space (+5 ℃-+40 ℃) and middle high-temperature region (+40 ℃-+60 ℃), the operational mode of corresponding heat pump, relative set is single stage compress and Two-stage Compression.

So " because of district's suiting measures to different conditions ", the specific aim and the flexibility that improve operation of heat pump.

The second, founded and comprised many compressor configuration methods with " the very 6+1 " of single compressor hierarchical composition

The utility model defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle, carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors.

The principle of this restructuring and method, in the process that under the outdoor environment temperature below-10 ℃, heats to room air, when indoor air temperature reaches 20 ℃, large inspiratory capacity compressor in the system (the volume inspiratory capacity is about 5.5 times of little compressor) is compressed as the first order, and little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level, and then with first and second level compression series connection.This and " very 6+1 " similar recombination method, founded the compressor configuration pattern of big or small compressor hierarchical composition, improved possibility and the operability of practical application, the suction and discharge pressure reduction that has at all solved single stage compress air source heat pump air-conditioner in winter increases, compression ratio is too high, compressor exhaust temperature is too high, serious " three high one the is low " phenomenon that reduces of heating efficiency.The principle of this restructuring and method, under the outdoor environment temperature below-10 ℃, produce in 60 ℃ the process of health hot water, when the hot water temperature reaches 40 ℃, most of compressors (about 6/7) in the system that will be made of many compressors are in parallel to be compressed as the first order, and the minority compressor (about 1/7) of remainder (if also having more than 2) in parallel is compressed as the second level, and then with first and second level compression series connection.The recombination method of this " very 6+1 ", founded the compressor configuration pattern of many compressors and single compressor hierarchical composition, possibility and the operability of practical application have been improved, the suction and discharge pressure reduction that has at all solved the single stage compress air source heat pump hot water system increases, compression ratio is too high, compressor exhaust temperature is too high, serious " three high one the is low " phenomenon that reduces of heating efficiency, and " twin-stage high temperature heat pump " come true from concept.

The 3rd, the two-stage compression heat pump unit eer under ℃ condition of winter-10 exceeds identical warm area single stage compress pattern more than 1/3

Owing to adopted Two-stage Compression, the compression ratio of every one-level and compressor exhaust temperature all have larger decline, the whole operating mode of heat pump air conditioner unit, heat-pump hot-water unit significantly improves, the heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio) of high-temperature region exceeds identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 1/3 greater than 2.5 in the middle warm area of room air, hot water.

The 4th, improved the usage factor of original unit.

In the winter time under the low temperature severe cold condition, when using heat pump air conditioner unit and heat-pump hot-water unit to heat, reach the median (20 ℃ of room airs, 40 ℃ of health hot waters) of setting when room air or health hot water temperature, single stage compress unit to the last stage is recombinated, and is transformed into the pattern of two stages of compression.In the regrouping process, do not increase new special high stage compressor group, do not increase new heat exchanger, water pump, blower fan, only original compressor bank and corollary equipment are recombinated, improved the usage factor of original unit.

In the utility model, under the low temperature severe cold condition, the heat pump heating efficiency exceeds identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 1/3, can reach more than 3.0 in the winter time.In the utility model, the improvement of two stages of compression stage compression unit operating mode and the raising of heating efficiency, basic reason is:

1, change is separated into intensive

The single stage compress of the large compression ratio of the large pressure reduction of a plurality of compressors is in service, do not mate with design of electrical motor and higher-pressure region that operational efficiency has significantly reduced merges, the unified high stage compressor that only has the first order to compress total inspiratory capacity about 1/6 by new inspiratory capacity is carried out, change is separated into intensive, compression condition and compression efficiency that former single stage compress end has worsened improve and promote;

2, the width of leakage path and power (pressure reduction) all greatly reduce

During single stage compress, the leakage between the compressor high-low pressure occurs between the interface that has relative mechanical movement in a plurality of compressors, and the power (compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction) that promotion is leaked is very large, causes the leakage rate between the high-low pressure very large.After compressor bank was reassembled as the two stages of compression of " very 6+1 ", the power of the width of refrigerant gas leakage path and leakage (pressure reduction) all greatly reduced between the high-low pressure, and leakage rate greatly reduces.Not only leakage rate greatly reduces, and the refrigerant gas enthalpy in the intermediate pressure zone that leaks into is relatively high, has reduced the again power consumption of compression.

In sum, implementing usefulness of the present utility model is:

The utility model defers to that " second level compression is to the work done during compression Δ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the work done during compression Δ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression pressure differential deltap p ₂Less than first order compression pressure differential deltap p ₁, Δ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) Δ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle; carry out the restructuring of multiple compressors; with the heat pump air conditioner unit; the heat-pump hot-water unit is by the single stage compress pattern; in room temperature; after water temperature reaches the median of setting, be reassembled as the two stages of compression pattern, series operation, the compression ratio of the first order and high stage compressor is descended, delivery temperature descends, operating mode is improved, and Energy Efficiency Ratio improves, and reaches more than 3, exceed identical warm area single stage compress heat pump air conditioner unit, heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio is more than 1/3, thereby makes heat pump techniques be promoted application in the temperature range that heats of broader ambient temperature range and Geng Gao.

More than disclosed only be the application's a specific embodiment, but the application is not limited thereto, the changes that any person skilled in the art can think of all should drop in the application's the protection domain.

Claims (25)

1. heat pump that single Two-stage Compression uses in order, it is characterized in that, comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, the heat sink at described evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source, described condenser places heated medium, described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

2. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

3. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

4. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

5. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, and described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

6. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

7. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

8. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

9. the heat pump that uses in order of single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described low-temperature heat source comprises air or underground water or seawater, and described heated medium comprises water or air or oil.

10. heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression uses in order, comprise indoor set, off-premises station, it is characterized in that, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, described condenser is arranged in the described indoor set, described indoor set places air, the off-premises station at described evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

11. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 10 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

12. the heat pump air conditioner that uses in order such as claim 10 or 11 described single Two-stage Compressions, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

13. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 12 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

14. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 13 uses in order is characterized in that described compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

15. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 13 uses in order is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

16. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 11 uses in order is characterized in that, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

17. the heat pump air conditioner that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 10 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

18. heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression uses in order, comprise water tank, it is characterized in that, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect by refrigerant line in turn, described condenser is arranged in the described water tank, the heat sink at described evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, and described compressor bank is connected with a control device, and described control device control compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

19. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 18 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises some compressors, some compressors carry out single-stage compression in parallel by described control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

20. the heat-pump hot-water unit that uses in order such as claim 18 or 19 described single Two-stage Compressions, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, some cylinders carry out single-stage compression in parallel by control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, the compression of the described first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the described second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

21. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 20 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses, the refrigerant gas soakage of described rear one-level compression is complementary with the refrigerant gas discharge rate of previous stage compression, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Substantially equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

22. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 21 uses in order is characterized in that described compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, described first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

23. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 21 uses in order is characterized in that, described compressor bank comprises at least one large compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of described large compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Described large compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and described large compressor places first order compression, and described little compressor places second level compression.

24. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 19 uses in order is characterized in that, the compression of the described second level is or/and the compressor of first order compression is frequency-changeable compressor.

25. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single Two-stage Compression as claimed in claim 18 uses in order, it is characterized in that, described control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls by the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage compression in parallel or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in restructuring.

Images