CN202797189U - Oxidant reducing electrode module, component and electrochemical cell system - Google Patents

Oxidant reducing electrode module, component and electrochemical cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202797189U
CN202797189U CN 201220333201 CN201220333201U CN202797189U CN 202797189 U CN202797189 U CN 202797189U CN 201220333201 CN201220333201 CN 201220333201 CN 201220333201 U CN201220333201 U CN 201220333201U CN 202797189 U CN202797189 U CN 202797189U
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electrode
oxidant
reducing electrode
oxidant reducing
gaseous oxidizer
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C·A·弗里森
R·克里希南
M·J·米哈尔卡
G·弗里森
A·古德弗洛
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Influent Corp
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Influent Corp
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Abstract

The utility model relates to an immersible gas-state oxidant cathode of an electrochemical cell system. The electrochemical cell system is configured to utilize an oxidant reducing electrode module containing an oxidant reducing electrode mounted to a housing to form a gas-state oxidant space immersed into an ionic conducting medium. A fuel electrode is separated from the oxidant reducing electrode to enable the ionic conducing medium to conveniently conduct ions between the fuel electrode and the oxidant reducing electrode so as to support the electrochemical reaction at the fuel electrode and the oxidant reducing electrode. A gas-state oxidant channel extending and penetrating the gas-state oxidant space provides an oxidant for the oxidant reducing electrode so as to configure the fuel electrode and the oxidant reducing electrode to realize metal fuel oxidation at the fuel electrode during the discharge period and further reduce the oxidant at the oxidant reducing electrode to produce discharge potential difference with a load, which is applied to the load.

Description

Oxidant reducing electrode module, assembly and electrochemical cell system
This application requires in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/555 of submission on November 4th, 2011, and therefore 952 priority is combined in this by reference with its integral body.
Technical field
The utility model is usually directed to a kind of electrochemical cell system, and relates more specifically to a kind ofly utilize the gaseous oxidizer reducing electrode and such as the electrochemical cell system of electrolytical liquid ions conducting medium.
Background technology
Being permitted eurypalynous electrochemical cell utilizes the ionic conduction medium to support the electrochemical reaction in the battery.For example, the metal-air electrochemical cell system can comprise one or more batteries, its each have as at the fuel electrode of the oxidized anode of its place's metal fuel and the aerial respiration negative electrode that is reduced from the oxygen of surrounding air at its place.This battery can also comprise such as the ionic conduction medium of liquid electrolyte solution so that the oxidation/reduction ion transmits between electrode.For example, referring to the whole open No.2009/0284229 of United States Patent (USP) that is combined in this by reference.In comprising some electrochemical cell systems of a plurality of electrochemical cells, a plurality of battery sharing ionic conduction media.For example, liquid electrolyte solution can flow to another from a battery serially, such as by with reference to and described in the whole U.S. Patent application 12/631,484 that is combined in this.In other electrochemical cell systems, the ionic conduction medium can be a plurality of battery sharings, but can flow on part parallel ground.In also having other electrochemical cell systems, the ionic conduction medium can be not mobile, can stagnate on the contrary, perhaps only shakes within the restricted area between the electrode.
No matter the dielectric any motion of ion guide, in utilizing the legacy system of air electrode, air electrode defines for the dielectric boundary wall of ion guide within the restriction electrochemical cell system.Air electrode typically is sealed to the outside of shell in other words, and this has formed not permeable barriers of ionic conduction medium.Yet, the shortcoming of this legacy system is if the seal failure between air electrode and the shell, if perhaps in air electrode itself, formed leakage, then the liquid ions conducting medium no longer is limited within the electrochemical cell, and this may cause battery complete failure, needs to change the ionic conduction medium, the environment around the electrochemical cell is harmful to etc.In addition, in the great majority design, changing air electrode is the task of difficulty, because must drain the ionic conduction medium in order to can remove the gaseous oxidizer reducing electrode of using.Therefore can recognize that air electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium with the shell that forms therein air space can prevent this complete failure, and the replacing of air electrode is oversimplified.For example, by with reference to and in the whole United States Patent (USP) 5,011,747 that is combined in this example that tradition can immerse air electrode has been shown.
The utility model content
According to embodiment, the oxidant reducing electrode module in a kind of ionic conduction medium that is configured to be immersed in electrochemical cell comprises shell, and the gaseous oxidizer that this shell is configured to limit wherein receives the space.Oxidant reducing electrode module also comprises having the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side.The oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall that gaseous oxidizer receives the space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards gaseous oxidizer receive space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium.Oxidant reducing electrode module also comprises gaseous oxidizer entrance and the gaseous state oxidant outlet that is coupled by the gaseous oxidizer passage that extends through gaseous oxidizer reception space.Oxidant reducing electrode module further comprises the one or more strutting pieces that are positioned within the gaseous oxidizer reception space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer reception space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance.In addition, can make oxidant enter into gaseous oxidizer by the gaseous oxidizer entrance and receive the space, so that the oxidant reducing electrode is configured to make the gaseous oxidizer reduction by oxidant towards side draught getter attitude oxidant and at the electrochemical cell interdischarge interval.
According to another embodiment, a kind of electrochemical cell system comprises the chamber, and this chamber is configured to comprise therein a certain amount of ionic conduction medium, each comprises metal fuel and is configured to by one or more fuel electrodes of ionic conduction medium contact and is immersed in one or more oxidant reducing electrode modules among the ionic conduction medium.Each oxidant reducing electrode module comprises the shell in the gaseous oxidizer space that is configured to limit wherein.Each oxidant reducing electrode module also comprises having the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side, this oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall in gaseous oxidizer space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards the gaseous oxidizer space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium.Each oxidant reducing electrode module also comprises gaseous oxidizer entrance and the gaseous state oxidant outlet that is coupled by the gaseous oxidizer passage that extends through the gaseous oxidizer space, and its oxidant that is configured to make oxidant flow arrive the oxidant reducing electrode is towards side.In addition, each oxidant reducing electrode module further comprises the one or more strutting pieces that are positioned within the gaseous oxidizer space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance.The relevant oxidant reducing electrode with at least one of each fuel electrode defines one or more electrochemical cells.Each of one or more electrochemical cells is configured to make the metal fuel oxidation at fuel electrode place and make the gaseous oxidizer at least one relevant oxidant reducing electrode place reduce to produce the discharge potential that is applied between in the load its poor at interdischarge interval.
An aspect according to this utility model, a kind of oxidant reducing electrode module of the ionic conduction medium for being immersed in electrochemical cell is provided, this oxidant reducing electrode module comprises: the gaseous oxidizer that shell, this shell are configured to limit wherein receives the space; The oxidant reducing electrode, this oxidant reducing electrode has oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side, this oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall that gaseous oxidizer receives the space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards gaseous oxidizer receive space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium; Gaseous oxidizer entrance and gaseous state oxidant outlet, this gaseous oxidizer entrance and gaseous state oxidant outlet receive the space by extending through gaseous oxidizer gaseous oxidizer passage is coupled; And be positioned at gaseous oxidizer and receive one or more strutting pieces within the space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer reception space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance; And wherein allow oxidant to enter into gaseous oxidizer by the gaseous oxidizer entrance and receive the space, this oxidant reducing electrode is configured to make the gaseous oxidizer reduction by oxidant towards side draught getter attitude oxidant and at the electrochemical cell interdischarge interval.
An aspect according to this utility model, a kind of assembly is provided, this assembly comprises the above-mentioned oxidant reducing electrode module that is coupled with the fuel electrode module that comprises fuel electrode, this assembly is configured to make oxidant reducing electrode and fuel electrode interval, so that in the time of in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium, the ionic conduction medium that makes the oxidant reducing electrode is exposed to the ionic conduction medium to make the metal fuel oxidation with electrochemical means towards the metal fuel of side and fuel electrode, wherein the ionic conduction medium at the ionic conduction medium of fuel electrode and oxidant reducing electrode towards conducting ion between the side with the electrochemical reaction between holding oxidant reducing electrode and the fuel electrode.
An aspect according to this utility model provides a kind of electrochemical cell system, comprising: chamber, this chamber are configured to comprise therein a certain amount of ionic conduction medium; One or more fuel electrodes, each of these one or more fuel electrodes comprise metal fuel and are configured to by the ionic conduction medium contact; And being immersed in one or more oxidant reducing electrode modules among the ionic conduction medium, each oxidant reducing electrode module comprises: shell, this shell are configured to limit gaseous oxidizer space wherein; The oxidant reducing electrode, this oxidant reducing electrode has oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side, this oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall in gaseous oxidizer space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards the gaseous oxidizer space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium; By gaseous oxidizer entrance and the gaseous state oxidant outlet that the gaseous oxidizer passage that extends through the gaseous oxidizer space is coupled, its oxidant that is configured to allow gaseous oxidizer to flow to the oxidant reducing electrode is towards side; And be positioned at one or more strutting pieces within the gaseous oxidizer space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance; And wherein limit one or more electrochemical cells by the relevant oxidant reducing electrode with at least one of each fuel electrode, it is poor that each of these one or more electrochemical cells is configured to the discharge potential that makes the metal fuel oxidation at fuel electrode place and make the gaseous oxidizer at least one relevant oxidant reducing electrode place reduce to produce between its that is applied to load at interdischarge interval.
Technique scheme can make the replacing of air electrode oversimplify.
Can learn apparently other embodiment from following detailed description, accompanying drawing and appended claims.
Description of drawings
Now only by way of example, with reference to schematic figures embodiment of the present utility model is described, corresponding reference symbol represents appropriate section in the accompanying drawings, and wherein:
Fig. 1 has illustrated the front perspective view of the embodiment that is used for putting the immersed oxidant reducing electrode module that will be immersed in the oxidant reducing electrode among the ionic conduction medium;
Fig. 2 has illustrated the exploded view of the immersed oxidant reducing electrode module of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section of the immersed oxidant reducing electrode module of Fig. 1, and it shows the gaseous oxidizer flow path that is formed at wherein;
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B illustrated aim at to be meshed to form the relative perspective view of the oxidant reducing electrode module of battery component with the fuel electrode module with battery cover and fuel electrode;
Fig. 5 has illustrated and has been configured to make gaseous oxidizer to flow with the viewgraph of cross-section of the engagement of the oxidant reducing electrode module passed through from it and battery cover;
Fig. 6 a has illustrated the relative perspective view that shows fuel electrode module and the battery component of the engagement of oxidant reducing electrode module with Fig. 6 b;
Fig. 7 has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section of the fuel electrode of battery component, and it shows a plurality of electrode body that the sept by therebetween separates to form therein the Road narrows (lane) that flow;
Fig. 8 has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section of another embodiment of fuel electrode, and described fuel electrode has the classification support configuration of striding the Road narrows orientation classifications (stepped) of flowing;
Fig. 9 has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section by the fuel electrode of battery component and the independent formed electrode assemblie of charging electrode;
Figure 10 has illustrated the schematic diagram of battery component, and the fuel electrode and being configured in that described battery component has the classification support configuration of in the opposite direction classification can soak between the oxidant reducing electrode module relatively;
Figure 11 A has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section of battery component, and it shows along the classification support configuration of the mobile Road narrows orientation of fuel electrode, and it size fractionation that comprises independent charging electrode reduces;
Figure 11 B has illustrated the viewgraph of cross-section of battery component, and it shows along the classification support configuration of the mobile Road narrows orientation of fuel electrode, and it size fractionation that comprises independent charging electrode reduces;
Figure 12 has described the schematic diagram of the electrical connection of battery component, and wherein fuel electrode, independent charging electrode and oxidant reducing electrode are electrically connected by switching system;
Figure 13 described aim at to be immersed in a pair of battery component in the ionic conduction medium module;
The right viewgraph of cross-section of battery component when Figure 14 has described in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium module, it strides the disperser chamber relevant with each battery component to intercepting;
Figure 15 has described another viewgraph of cross-section of ionic conduction medium module, its stride with battery component in a relevant disperser chamber to intercepting;
Figure 16 has described the circuit module that makes the battery component engagement when being configured in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium module;
Figure 17 described circuit module is assembled to the battery component that is immersed among the ionic conduction medium module on the time formed whole battery module;
Figure 18 has described towards the view of the oxidant reducing electrode module of oxidant reducing electrode, wherein the part of oxidant reducing electrode is removed with the densification configuration to the baffle plate that forms therein the gaseous oxidizer flow path and describes, and the additional support to the oxidant reducing electrode is provided with in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium time; And
Figure 19 described the oxidant reducing electrode of Figure 18 and gaseous state oxidant flow path a part dwindle perspective cross-sectional view, it describes the balance of ionic conduction medium by the baffle plate applied force.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has illustrated the front perspective view of the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 among the liquid ions conducting medium that is configured to be immersed in electrochemical cell.Oxidant reducing electrode module 10 comprises the oxidant reducing electrode 20 that is installed on the shell 30.Oxidant reducing electrode 20 can be to have any appropriate configuration or the configuration of (fuzzy in Fig. 1, and be designated oxidant towards side 45 in Fig. 2) towards side 40 and oxidant towards side of ionic conduction medium.In an embodiment, as discussed below, the reduction that oxidant reducing electrode 20 can comprise catalyst, current-collector, hydrophobic membrane and/or be provided for gaseous oxidizer (for example, oxygen or the chlorine in the surrounding environment gaseous oxidizer) is to set up the other materials of electrical potential difference between oxidant reducing electrode 20 and fuel electrode when battery links to each other with load L.
As directed, shell 30 is configured to form the gaseous oxidizer space, and this gaseous oxidizer space can make oxidant flow arrive the oxidant of oxidant reducing electrode 20 towards side when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is immersed in the ionic conduction medium.Thereby oxidant reducing electrode 20 normally gaseous oxidizer is permeable, but liquids in general is impermeable, is full of the gaseous oxidizer space in order to prevent the ionic conduction medium.In this respect, liquid is impermeable may not to be to prevent that the ionic conduction MEDIA FLOW from crossing its perfect barrier, but can otherwise to be configured to this seepage be negligible and can not affect significantly the existence of the oxidant that can make oxidant arrive oxidant reducing electrode 20 gaseous oxidizer in the gaseous oxidizer space of side or flow.In certain embodiments, oxidant reducing electrode 20 normally gaseous oxidizer is permeable, but the ionic conduction medium is impermeable usually, and this depends on to use which kind of ionic conduction medium in electrochemical cell.
In some non-limiting examples, oxidant reducing electrode 20 can comprise such as polytetrafluoroethylene (also be called PTFE or
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000987070600071
) fluoropolymer (flouropolymer) material or any other hydrophobic material, described fluorinated polymer material can be in certain embodiments the heat engine tool expand (also be called ePTFE or
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000987070600072
).In certain embodiments, oxidant reducing electrode 20 can comprise porous material, wherein each hole significantly less than the size of the dielectric drop of ion guide so that material liquid is impermeable.In an embodiment, reinforced layer is configured to prevent when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 immerses owing to the dielectric fluid pressure of ion guide makes the PTFE excessive deformation, such as the U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/556 that is entitled as " External PTFE Layer Reinforcement for Oxidant Reduction Electrode " that is that on November 4th, 2011 submitted to, disclosed in 011, by reference its integral body is combined in this.In an embodiment, oxidant reducing electrode 20 can comprise with the material of lasting water-fast coating or any other waterproof coating with protection ionic conduction medium.Similarly, shell 30 can be usually to prevent ionic conduction medium bleed any appropriate configuration or configuration in the gaseous oxidizer space.
In an embodiment, shell 30 can be combined to form by plastics, metal, resin or its.Therefore can assemble by any way shell 30, it comprise by a plurality of unit form, integral die etc.In an embodiment, shell 30 can be covered by the impermeable non-conductive sept of liquid or otherwise with oxidant reducing electrode 20 intervals, in order to prevent from disturbing the electrochemical reaction at oxidant reducing electrode 20 places.In the illustrated embodiment, shell 30 comprise can with the separable installation frame 50 of the remainder of shell 30, and form the antetheca in gaseous oxidizer space with oxidant reducing electrode 20, as described in more detail below.In an embodiment, installation frame 50 can comprise aperture 52 therein, the ionic conduction medium of oxidant reducing electrode 20 is faced by described aperture 52 towards side 40, so as oxidant reducing electrode 20 be exposed in ionic conduction medium and the gaseous state oxidant space oxidant the two.In an embodiment, all as described, support chip 54 extends from shell 30, and when being immersed in the ionic conduction medium, oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is used for the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 that comprises the oxidant reducing electrode 20 that resides therein is positioned, as described in more detail below.As further shown, can further providing meshing flake 56 in order to oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is further located with the ionic conduction medium of the outside oxidant reducing electrode 20 of outstanding surface of installation frame 50 (namely away from) towards a side of the adjacent installation frame 50 of side 40, discuss hereinafter in addition.
As shown in Figure 1, the remainder of shell 30 further defines the gaseous oxidizer space, with oxidant and the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 that allows to freely enter wherein the ionic conduction medium that is immersed in is separated.In the illustrated embodiment, shell 30 comprises top section 60, left-hand component 70, right-hand component 80, base section 90 and rear portion 100.In the some embodiment that link together of shell 30, can utilize any suitable Sealing Technology to prevent that the ionic conduction medium leaks in the gaseous oxidizer space during immersing, in order to keep the gaseous oxidizer space for oxidant reducing electrode 20.This Sealing Technology can be including, but not limited to connecting by the impermeable glue of liquid, fusing, melting, welding etc.In certain embodiments, encapsulant can be applied between the unit of shell 30.For example, in the embodiment of the 30 consistent moulding of shell except installation frame 50, can utilize including, but not limited to the encapsulant of plastics or rubber sheet gasket, adhesive, epoxy resin or any other suitable sealant and enter into undesirably oxidant reducing electrode module 10 at the tie point place to prevent the ionic conduction medium.For example, this sealant can comprise that solvent engages sealant, list or bicomponent epoxy resin glue or UV/ heat-curable epoxy resin glue.In various embodiments, sealant can comprise to market such as Eager Polymer EP5347 epoxide-resin glue and/or MagnaTac M777 epoxide-resin glue on those similar sealant performances of selling.
As shown, oxidant can freely enter the gaseous oxidizer space by one or more openings 110.Opening 110 can be any appropriate configuration, and is integrated in certain embodiments in the shell 30.Shown in the embodiment in figure 1, opening 110 can comprise gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 and gaseous state oxidant outlet 130, its each enter among the top section 60 of shell 30.Be immersed in the ionic conduction medium so that opening 110 is on this being vertically oriented on the base section 90 in oxidant reducing electrode module 10, oxidant reducing electrode module 10 fails to keep therein the gaseous oxidizer space can not cause the ionic conduction medium to overflow by opening 110, and this is because gravity forces the ionic conduction medium downwards away from opening 110.This orientation has a lot of benefits.For example, do not consider the assembling of oxidant reducing electrode module 10, the inefficacy of oxidant reducing electrode 20 (or being used for making oxidant reducing electrode 20 be coupled to its fluid sealant of shell 30) can not cause the ionic conduction medium to overflow in the middle of electrochemical cell in such an embodiment.On the contrary, the ionic conduction medium is full of the gaseous oxidizer space at the most so that from then on gaseous oxidizer discharges.By mention the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 of breaking from the ionic conduction medium, after this ionic conduction medium can be expelled back in the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 previous a certain amount of ionic conduction media that are dipped in, and this has reduced its loss, cleaning problem etc. significantly.In addition, replacing oxidant reducing electrode module 10 with another oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is relatively inappreciable things, and otherwise does not need to discharge the ionic conductivity liquid body from battery fully.In addition, be by immersing among some embodiment that independent oxidant reducing electrode module 10 forms at a plurality of electrochemical cells, the inefficacy of an oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can not affect the operation of other batteries.
As in Fig. 1, further illustrating, in oxidant reducing electrode module 10, provide in addition conductor channel 140, so that electric conductor 150 can be electrically connected with oxidant reducing electrode 20, as discussed in detail hereinafter.In various embodiments can be further from ionic conduction medium-tight conductor channel 140, and/or similarly to opening 110 conductor channel 140 is positioned rise on the ionic conduction medium, this will prevent again that the ionic conduction medium is not intended to leak in the gaseous oxidizer space.
Fig. 2 describes the exploded view of oxidant reducing electrode module 10, and this is taken from the perspective view to the rear portion 100 of shell 30.As from shown in this view, the edge of oxidant reducing electrode 20 can comprise mating holes 155 so that oxidant reducing electrode 20 is aimed at and is installed on the installation frame 50.In the illustrated embodiment, installation frame 50 comprises alignment post 157, and this alignment post is received in the mating holes 155 so that oxidant reducing electrode 20 is carried out spatial orientation.In an embodiment, between alignment post 157 and aperture 52 and/or in the appropriate section of oxidant reducing electrode 20, apply sealant, so that the ionic conduction medium can't be in the aperture oozed out around 52 the edge.Sealant can be any appropriate configuration or composition, and it is including, but not limited to those examples that go out listed above.
The assembling of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can be any suitable process.For example, before or after being installed to oxidant reducing electrode 20 on the installation frame 50, electric conductor 150 can be inserted in the conductor channel 140, in order to can before can 30, set up the electrical connection of oxidant reducing electrode 20.Although conductor is positioned within the gaseous oxidizer space in the illustrated embodiment, conductor can extend in shielded type cable by the ionic conduction medium in other embodiments.In other embodiment still, replace extending through conductor channel 140, electric conductor 150 can pass through opening 110.Again, sealant can be applied between oxidant reducing electrode 20 and the installation frame 50.50 of electric conductor can be any appropriate configuration or configuration, including, but not limited to being plate, band, electric wire, cable or being configured to electrical conductivity to oxidant reducing electrode 20 and/or from any other bodies of oxidant reducing electrode 20 conduction electrons.
As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiment of oxidant reducing electrode module 10, the gaseous oxidizer path can within the gaseous oxidizer space, direct into gaseous oxidizer outlet 130 in order to will flow from the gaseous oxidizer in gaseous oxidizer entrance 120.The gaseous oxidizer path can be formed by any suitable body or mechanism, including, but not limited to comprising baffle plate 158 or being formed at or being installed to other path walls on the shell 30.As directed, the gaseous oxidizer path can form the path of alternating bending in certain embodiments, the path of this alternating bending exports 130 and strides whole shell 30 downwards and upwards and flow from gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 to gaseous oxidizer, in order to guide gaseous oxidizer along the major part that is installed to the oxidant reducing electrode 20 on the shell 30.Yet, may not can in some embodiment of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 find this gaseous oxidizer path, and the gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 in generation and gaseous state oxidant outlet 130 can be communicated to the common open space that is limited within the gaseous oxidizer space simply.As described in more detail below, can recognize by the oxidant in oxidant reducing electrode 20 provides common rigidity supporting structure towards (namely by the gaseous oxidizer space) between the rear portion 100 of side 45 and shell 30, and baffle plate 158 (it can refer to the motion that extends to any body among the gaseous oxidizer space and change therein gaseous oxidizer) can promote alleviating or other distributions of the power of liquid ions conducting medium on oxidant reducing electrode 20 usually.
Although oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can be immersed in the liquid ions conducting medium so that the formation fuel electrode has been present in electrochemical cell wherein in certain embodiments, but oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can be installed on the fuel electrode in other embodiments, so that two electrodes can be immersed in the ionic conduction medium together to form battery.Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B described for the be coupled relative view of the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 of aiming at of fuel electrode module 160.As shown, fuel electrode module 160 comprises the fuel electrode 170 that is supported between a pair of fuel electrode support 173.Described at Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, make fuel electrode module 160 location so that the ionic conduction medium of oxidant reducing electrode 20 will be at fuel electrode 170 back upward slidings, so that the ionic conduction medium is faced mutually towards side 40 and fuel electrode 170 towards side 40.Fig. 4 A shows the ionic conduction medium of oxidant reducing electrode 20 towards side 40, and Fig. 4 B shows the side of the fuel electrode that side 40 faces.As in Fig. 4 A as seen, but unclear in Fig. 4 B, fuel electrode support 173 can comprise the engagement ridge 175 that is configured to meshing flake 56 engagement in certain embodiments, so that with respect to fuel electrode 170 location oxidant reducing electrodes 20.It also is possible keeping other mechanism of desired distance between oxidant reducing electrode 20 and the fuel electrode 120, and because of the embodiment difference.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B show further that fuel electrode module 160 can be coupled with battery cover 180 or otherwise comprise battery cover 180, this battery cover 180 is configured to receive oxidant reducing electrode module 10 when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is arranged in fuel electrode 170 next door of fuel electrode module 160.Engage among the embodiment that ground and battery cover 180 be coupled in fuel electrode module 160 and oxidant reducing electrode module 10, battery cover 180 can be configured to receive fuel electrode module 160 and oxidant reducing electrode module 10 after being mounted in engagement with them together, perhaps can be configured at first receive one, succeeded by another.As shown in the explanation embodiment, fuel electrode module 160 and battery cover 180 can be mounted in engagement with together, and be configured to oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is received in wherein with engaging.In all more as directed embodiment, the gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and gaseous state oxidant outlet 130 can be configured to be received by the corresponding jack 190 in the respective battery lid 180 and 200.Similarly, battery cover 180 can have jack 210 receiving the conductor 220 be electrically connected with fuel electrode 170, and can have the jack 230 (and in the view of Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B the unshowned electric conductor 150 that will be electrically connected with oxidant reducing electrode 20) of the conductor channel 140 that is configured to receive oxidant reducing electrode module 10.In the view of Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B the channel base 240 that is positioned at battery cover 180 tops has been shown in addition, this channel base 240 be positioned in case such as the circuit of circuit board, switch etc. can with from the conductor 220 of fuel electrode 170 and come the electric conductor 150 of autoxidator reducing electrode 20 to be electrically connected, as described in more detail below.
In certain embodiments, the opening on the battery cover 180 can with oxidant reducing electrode module 10 on opening 110 be coupled, in order to can make gaseous oxidizer flow through this.For example, as shown in Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250 and battery cover gaseous oxidizer outlet 260 can be provided in battery cover 180, and flow out in its gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 that is configured to guide gaseous oxidizer to flow to oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and from gaseous oxidizer outlet 130.The viewgraph of cross-section of the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 of facing mutually towards side 45 with the oxidant of oxidant reducing electrode 20 has been shown among Fig. 5 when being inserted into oxidant reducing electrode module 10 in the battery cover 180, in order to gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 is received in the jack 190, and gaseous oxidizer outlet 130 is received in the jack 200.In an embodiment, battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250 can directly lead to jack 190, so that the guide of flow of gaseous oxidizer in the future since then is in the gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 that is received in oxidant reducing electrode module 10 wherein.In an embodiment, form battery cover oxidant channel 270 in battery cover 180 between jack 200 and battery cover gaseous oxidizer outlet 260, this can export the gaseous oxidizer from oxidant reducing electrode module 10 130 received gaseous oxidizers and be directed within the battery cover 180.As shown, even can make battery cover oxidant channel 270 be arranged to gaseous oxidizer outlet 130 and gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 intervals in oxidant reducing electrode module 10, the outlet 260 of battery cover gaseous oxidizer is also adjacent with battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250.As described below, this adjacent positioned of battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250 and battery cover gaseous oxidizer outlet 260 can promote to be connected to this and to make its simplification.
Fig. 5 further shows in certain embodiments can provide pad 280 in the connection place between oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and battery cover 180.In the illustrated embodiment, pad 280 is between gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 and the jack 190 and between gaseous oxidizer outlet 130 and the jack 200.As discussed below, when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is immersed in wherein, this pad 280 can prevent from oozing out from the gaseous oxidizer that the gaseous oxidizer flow path between the gaseous oxidizer space that is limited to battery cover 180 and oxidant reducing electrode module 10 flows out, and prevent the ionic conduction medium bleed in oxidant reducing electrode module 10, bleed in battery cover 180 or bleed to battery cover 180 with comprise between the chamber that the dielectric battery cover 180 of ion guide is meshed.As described below, additional pad 280 can its place of meeting at jack 230 places between conductor channel 140 and battery cover 180 be provided, and be configured to also in certain embodiments prevent that when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is immersed in the ionic conduction medium ionic conduction medium oozes out between battery cover 180 and oxidant reducing electrode module 10.
Fig. 6 A has described the relative perspective view of formed battery component 290 when oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is meshed with the battery cover 180 of fuel electrode module 160 with Fig. 6 B, can flow through the gaseous oxidizer space of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and flow back to out battery cover gaseous oxidizer outlet 260 in order to enter the gaseous oxidizer of battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250.When Fig. 6 A showed the side of the battery component 290 that comprises fuel electrode 170, Fig. 6 B showed the side of the battery component 290 that comprises oxidant reducing electrode module 10.Shown in the amplification of Fig. 6 A, meshing flake 56 can extend from mounting bracket 50, forms the groove that can receive the engagement ridge 175 on the fuel electrode support 173 when being positioned at slidably fuel electrode module 160 next door with convenient oxidant reducing electrode module 10.Although meshing flake 56 can be one-body molded with mounting bracket 50 in certain embodiments, meshing flake 56 can be assembled on the mounting bracket 50 at least in part in other embodiments.For example, rubber or another elastomeric material can be positioned within this groove in certain embodiments, in order to the expectation assembling is provided between groove and engagement ridge 175.Also as shown, being formed in certain embodiments ridge on the end of meshing flake 56 can not stride engagement folder 56 fully and extend, slide through engagement folder 56 fully in order to can prevent an end of engagement ridge 175, this further helps to position with respect to 160 pairs of oxidant reducing electrodes of fuel electrode module module 10.
In an embodiment, in case battery component 290 is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and by battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250 gaseous oxidizer (including, but not limited to air, gas or pure oxygen that oxygen concentration is high) is offered oxidant reducing electrode 20, then can form electrochemical cell.In certain embodiments, can come electrochemical cell is discharged by making fuel electrode 170 and oxidant reducing electrode 20 be electrically connected (if fuel electrode 170 has fuel therein) with load, perhaps can recharge electrochemical cell by making fuel electrode 170 and oxidant reducing electrode 20 be electrically connected (if the ionic conduction medium comprises reducible fuel type) with power supply, as discussing in more detail hereinafter.
Forward Fig. 7 to, can recognize the configuration of the embodiment of fuel electrode 170 by the viewgraph of cross-section of the illustrated fuel electrode module 160 of striding fuel electrode 170.As shown, fuel electrode 170 comprises a plurality of permeable electrode body 300a-300e (general permeable electrode body 300) in certain embodiments.As describing in more detail hereinafter, a plurality of permeable electrode bodies 300 can be by a plurality of septs 310 and separated from one another, and described a plurality of septs 310 are used for setting up the ionic conduction medium along the mobile Road narrows 320 of its fuel electrode 170 that flows.In an embodiment, as discussing in more detail hereinafter, fuel electrode 170 is metal fuel electrodes, and described metal fuel electrode plays anode and operates under discharge or electric power generation pattern when battery component 290 is immersed in the ionic conduction medium.Each permeable electrode body 300 comprises by the formed web plate of following any form (screen), described any form can by electroplate or other modes from particle or the ion of the ionic conduction capture medium metal fuel that flows along battery component 290 and keep.
In certain embodiments, a plurality of septs 310 can be striden fuel electrode 170 extensions with spaced relation.Although in certain embodiments, such as described in Fig. 6 A, a plurality of septs 310 may not reach battery cover 180 and finish, but sept 310 can extend to battery cover 180 in other embodiments, keeps fuel electrode 170 in order to help with respect to parts around the fuel electrode module 160.As illustrated in fig. 7, the set of a plurality of septs 310 can make permeable electrode body 300a-300e separate, so as each set of sept 310 between adjacent electrode body 300 so that electrode body 300a-300e is electrically isolated from one.Within each set of the sept 310 between the adjacent electrode body 300, come sept 310 is positioned with spaced relationship according to the mode of between it, setting up so-called mobile Road narrows 320.Therefore sept 310 is nonconducting and the electrochemistry inertia, and they are sluggish with regard to the electrochemical reaction in the formed electrochemical cell when being dipped in the ionic conduction medium at battery component 290.In certain embodiments, sept 310 can be to be formed by the suitable plastic material such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, Noryl, fluoropolymer etc.As illustrated in fig. 7, the Road narrows 320 that flow are three-dimensional and can have the height that basically equates with the height of sept 310.
In an embodiment, permeable electrode body 300a-300e and sept 310 form as individual unit before can be in the remainder that is installed to fuel electrode module 160.In certain embodiments, fuel electrode support 173 also can be integrated with permeable electrode body 300a-300e and sept 310.In other words, the parts of the remainder of fuel electrode 170 and fuel electrode module 160 can utilize any suitable manufacture process and form as independent unit.For example, in an embodiment, be that the manufacturing sept (not shown) of the size of required mobile Road narrows 320 can be to keep adjacent permeable electrode body 300a-300e to be in substantially parallel spaced relationship between adjacent permeable body 300a-300e basically.Manufacturing sept between identical adjacent permeable electrode body is preferably basically parallel and along electrode body 300a-300e equal intervals, and is positioned at the manufacturing sept substantial registration each other preferably of the opposite side of same electrical polar body.Electrode body 300a-300e and make sept in place and keep together by any appropriate ways after, can inject sept 310 employed suitable materials making between the sept and run through permeable electrode body 300a-300e.In this material hardens or after solidifying, can remove from fuel electrode 170 and make sept to be based upon single electrode carrier unit 170 illustrated in fig. 6.
In an embodiment, make injection mold so that making sept is the part of this mould, such as be that on October 8th, 2010 submitted to and by with reference to and the whole U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.12/901 that is combined in this, described in 410.In this mould, form groove holding permeable electrode body 300a-300e, and be formed for limiting the chamber of the volume of sept 310.Can each electrode body 300a-300e be inserted in this mould with the parallel spaced-apart relation with adjacent body, and after this sept 310 employed materials can be injected in the chamber to form sept 310.After material cools off, discharge the first electrode 170 with as the individual unit that comprises permeable electrode body 300a-300e and sept 310 from this mould in this mould.Certainly, can use any suitable manufacture method, this any suitable manufacture method can make sept 310 be integrally formed in permeable electrode body 300a-300e upward and run through permeable electrode body 300a-300e in order to comprise that the fuel electrode 170 of electrode body 300a-300e and sept is individual unit.The said method of where facing not in office is made restriction.
In certain embodiments, permeable electrode body 300a-300e can be formed objects basically.In an embodiment, as at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/167,930 described and by with reference to and wholely be combined in this, permeable electrode body 300a-300e can have different sizes in order to can use the configuration of classification support.For example, such as the view of the fuel electrode 170 from Fig. 4 B as can be known, can interlock at the end of the fuel electrode 170 of battery cover 180 near-ends and far-end, so that electrode body 300 more little by little diminishes the closer to oxidant reducing electrode 20.Although fuel electrode 170 is received in the either side within the fuel electrode support 173 in the embodiment of Fig. 4 B, but other mechanism that are used in certain embodiments support fuel electrode 170 also are possible, and in this case, in addition or alternatively, fuel electrode 170 can be staggered with the perpendicular size of the orientation of mobile Road narrows 320, as the fuel electrode 170 described at Fig. 8 ' embodiment as shown in.As a non-limiting example, one or more septs 310 can make fuel electrode 170 ' be coupled with battery cover 180.
Fig. 9 shows the embodiment of the electrode assemblie 325 that comprises fuel electrode 170, and described fuel electrode 170 is coupled with independent charging electrode 330, and this independent charging electrode 330 is adjacent with permeable electrode body 300e interval.In some embodiment of electrode assemblie 325, charging electrode 330 can simply be the electrode body at oxidant reducing electrode 20 near-ends separately.In other embodiments, can not have " separately " charging electrode such as independent charging electrode 330, and during the electrochemical cell charging and discharging, can utilize oxidant reducing electrode 20 (namely between charge period as anode and at interdischarge interval as negative electrode).In certain embodiments, when those electrode body 300 are in classification support when configuration, charging electrode 330 can extend at least as far as the longest permeable electrode body 300 separately, perhaps otherwise vary in size.In other embodiments, can be classified into independent charging electrode 330 less than the electrode body 300 of minimum.As electrode body 300, if exist, can be on the orientation of Road narrows 320 that flows, stride the orientation of the Road narrows 320 that flow, perhaps on the two separately the size fractionation of charging electrode 330 reduce.
Although permeable electrode body 300 can be associated with single oxidant reducing electrode 20 in such as some embodiment of above-mentioned illustrated those, permeable electrode body 300 can be associated with a plurality of oxidant reducing electrodes 20 in other embodiments.Therefore can recognize that each fuel electrode 170 (for example, existing in the situation of a plurality of fuel electrodes 170) can be associated with one or more relevant oxidant reducing electrodes 20 in electrochemical cell system.In electrochemical cell system, exist in the situation of a plurality of oxidant reducing electrodes 20, be appreciated that one or more electrochemical cells can be limited by each fuel electrode 170 and at least one oxidant reducing electrode 20 relevant with this fuel electrode 170.For instance, permeable electrode body 300 can be positioned between two relative oxidant reducing electrodes 20 (and corresponding oxidation agent reducing electrode module 10), and can form one or more electrochemical cells, this depends on and has applied anode and cathode potential, as described in more detail below.Although the permeable electrode body 300 relevant with each oxidant reducing electrode 20 formed objects normally can be recognized the classification support configuration that can realize a plurality of permeable electrode bodies 300 in certain embodiments.Therefore, in certain embodiments, can on the relative direction that relative oxidant reducing electrode 20 with each is faced mutually, carry out classification with less size to permeable electrode body 300.
As shown in figure 10, permeable electrode body 300 can be assemblied among the fuel electrode 170* in one embodiment, wherein permeable electrode body 300a is that two oxidant reducing electrodes 20 (specifically, respectively oxidant reducing electrode 20a and oxidant reducing electrode 20b) relevant with oxidant reducing electrode module 10b with oxidant reducing electrode module 10a share.Although can have in certain embodiments each normally formed objects and a pair of permeable electrode body 300a larger than other a plurality of permeable electrode bodies 300, but in such as other embodiment illustrated in fig. 10, single permeable electrode body 300a can be positioned at the center for oxidant reducing electrode 20a and 20b.
In all some embodiment as described, fuel electrode 170* can comprise relative permeable electrode body 300b and 300c pair, from permeable electrode body 300a towards oxidant reducing electrode 20a and 20b each of described permeable electrode body 300b and 300c is classified into less than previous permeable electrode body 300.In this configuration, utilize the common fuel electrode 170* between a pair of relative oxidant reducing electrode 20, can form battery component 290*, this battery component 290* comprises two batteries (for example, battery 290a* and battery 290b*) therein.Therefore can recognize that this battery component 290* can think double cell.In an embodiment, battery 290a* can comprise those permeable electrode bodies 300 of oxidant reducing electrode 20a and the fuel electrode 170* relevant with oxidant reducing electrode 20a, and battery 290b* can comprise those permeable electrode bodies 300 of oxidant reducing electrode 20b and the fuel electrode 170* relevant with oxidant reducing electrode 20b.As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, each oxidant reducing electrode 20 can be associated to form single battery 290 with common fuel electrode 170*.The number of the permeable electrode body 300 relevant with each oxidant reducing electrode 20 can become because of embodiment, and in certain embodiments can be such as by the operating period variation to the battery component 290* of the management of the electrical connection relevant with each permeable electrode body 300.
In the illustrated embodiment, because the center of single permeable electrode body 300a between oxidant reducing electrode 20a and 20b, so permeable electrode body 300a can be associated with battery 290a* or battery 290b*.Yet in certain embodiments, common fuel electrode 170* integral body can be understood to participate in the electrochemical reaction with oxidant reducing electrode 20a and oxidant reducing electrode 20b.
In the illustrated embodiment, common fuel electrode 170* can be assembled to can comprise a pair of independent charging electrode 330 (each with oxidant reducing electrode 20a and oxidant reducing electrode 20b in one be associated) public electrode assembly 325* in.Thereby battery component 290a* can comprise an independent charging electrode 330, and battery component 290b* comprises another independent charging electrode 330.Can will be appreciated that common fuel electrode 170* and/or public electrode assembly 325* can form by any appropriate configuration, including, but not limited to and each permeable electrode body 300 between the non-conductive sept of (and between common fuel electrode 170* and independent charging electrode 330) one-body molded.Sept can form the Road narrows that flow between each permeable electrode body 300 and between common fuel electrode 170* and the independent charging electrode 330 in certain embodiments.The Road narrows that should flow can be oriented in any suitable direction to realize required flow direction.Can will be appreciated that and in Figure 10, schematically illustrate battery component 290*.Thereby amplify at illustrated interval.Similarly, other explanation intervals among the embodiment also are exemplary, and are not considered to be in any aspect and make restriction.
Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B have described such as the side cross-sectional view along the battery component 290 shown in the line X of Fig. 6 A.Shown in amplifying, fuel electrode module 160 comprises the electrode assemblie 325 with the fuel electrode 170 that comprises five permeable electrode body 300a-300e, wherein permeable electrode body 300 is in classification support configuration so that larger than electrode body 300b at the polar body 300a that powers on of the direction towards oxidant reducing electrode 20, and electrode body 300b is larger than electrode body 300c, and is like that.As shown, independent charging electrode 330 is between electrode body 300e and oxidant reducing electrode 20.In the explanation embodiment of Figure 11, independent charging electrode 330 is classified into less than minimum permeable electrode body 300e.Yet in other embodiments, charging electrode 330 can be any suitable size separately, including, but not limited to being the size of extreme electrode body 300.
As mentioned above, battery cover 180 can comprise channel base 240 in certain embodiments, and this channel base 240 is configured to the acceptance test plate or allows other electronic units controlled that are electrically connected between fuel electrode 170 and the oxidant reducing electrode 20.In an embodiment, can control the electrical connection between each permeable electrode body 300, carry out more multi-control in order to allow to discharge or the charging of electrochemical cell.Figure 12 shows has the two the schematic diagram of embodiment of battery component 290 of fuel electrode module 160 adjacent one another are and oxidant reducing electrode module 10.Electric conductor 220 among the illustrated embodiment is from independent charging electrode 330 the two extension of fuel electrode 170 and electrode assemblie 325.Again, although the explanation embodiment of fuel electrode 170 only has five electrode body 300 (specifically electrode body 300a-300e), can use any number.The embodiment of electrochemical cell described here only is example, and does not mean that in office where face is made restriction.
In certain embodiments, electrode body 300a-300e can be by the formed web plate of following any form, and described any form can be by electroplating or particle or the ion of the ionic conduction capture medium metal fuel that other modes are dipped in from battery component 290 and keep.Comprise that for example the parts of the battery of fuel electrode 170, its permeable electrode body 300a-300e, independent charging electrode 330 and oxidant reducing electrode 20 can be any appropriate configuration or configuration, including, but not limited to being formed by nickel or nickel alloy (comprising nickel cobalt (alloy), dilval, monel (being monel metal) or superalloy), copper or copper alloy, brass, bronze or any other suitable metal.In an embodiment, with catalyst film be applied to permeable electrode body 300a-300e, separately on charging electrode 330 and/or oxidant reducing electrode 20 some or all of, and catalyst film has the high surfacing by some are made in the above-mentioned material.In an embodiment, catalyst film is by forming such as thermal spraying, plasma spraying, electro-deposition or any other particle coating method.
Fuel can be the metal such as iron, zinc, aluminium, magnesium or lithium.Pass through metal, this term refers to comprise all elements that is considered to the metal on the periodic table, alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, lanthanide series, actinides and the transition metal of atom, molecule (comprising metal hydride) or alloy form including, but not limited on being gathered in electrode body the time.Yet the utility model is not limited to any special fuel, and can use other fuel.Fuel can be offered fuel electrode 170 with as the particle that is suspended in the ionic conduction medium.In certain embodiments, in electrochemical cell, can utilize metal hydride fuel.
The ionic conduction medium can be the aqueous solution.Suitably the example of medium comprises the aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution comprises sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate or lithium chloride.This medium can also use nonaqueous solvents or ionic liquid.In an embodiment, the ionic conduction medium can comprise electrolyte.For example, can use traditional liquid or semi-solid electrolyte solution, perhaps can use ionic liquid at room temperature, as at U.S. Patent application No.12/776, mention in 962, by with reference to its integral body is combined in this.Be among the semisolid embodiment at electrolyte, can use porous solid electrolytic thin-membrane (being open structure).Not among the embodiment of liquid at the ionic conduction medium, battery component 290 is immersed in can comprise within the ionic conduction medium battery component 290 is embedded within the immobilising ionic conduction medium, wherein the gaseous oxidizer passage lead within its outstanding oxidant reducing electrode module 10 or outside.
The fuel at fuel electrode 170 places is oxidized when fuel electrode 170 operates as anode, and when oxidant reducing electrode 20 operates as negative electrode (this is when electrochemical cell links to each other with load L produce pattern for discharge or electric power for), can make at oxidant reducing electrode 20 places oxidant (such as the oxygen of the gaseous oxidizer in the gaseous oxidizer space of autoxidator reducing electrode module 10) reduction, as discussing in more detail hereinafter.Can in the ionic conduction medium, produce secondary precipitated product, for example reducible fuel type in the reaction that occurs during the discharge mode.For example, be among the embodiment of zinc at fuel, can produce zinc oxide with as secondary precipitated product/reducible fuel type.Zinc oxide or other metals be also by utilizing the electrolyte solution oxidation or become solvate support, and need not to form sediment (for example zincate can be the reducible fuel type of dissolving that remains in the fuel).What further discuss in detail below recharges in the pattern, and for example the reducible fuel type of zinc oxide can reversibly reduce and deposit at least a portion of the fuel electrode 170 that plays cathodic process during recharging pattern as the fuel of zinc for example.During recharging pattern, as described below, another part of oxidant reducing electrode 20 or independent charging electrode 330 and/or fuel electrode 170 plays anode.
Thereby, can will be appreciated that the electrochemical reaction that occurs in certain embodiments can be reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction in battery when battery component 290 is dipped in the ionic conduction medium.Comprising as the ionic conduction medium will be by the reducible zinc oxide an electroplated non-limiting example with the zinc fuel on the electrode 170 that acts as a fuel, and reduction reaction occurs in fuel electrode 170 places (reduction place), and can abide by ZnO → H 2O+2e -→ Zn+2OH -The corresponding oxidation reaction occurs in charging electrode place (being independent charging electrode 330), and can abide by 2OH -→ 2e -+ 1/2O 2+ H 2O.Therefore should be appreciated that charging electrode (it can be characterized by and analyse oxygen electrode) generates oxygen within battery.In such as other embodiment that use different metal fuel, other reactions can appear, and it also can be the oxygen of emanating out in battery.
As shown in figure 12, can provide switching system 340 with to electrode body 300, separately each electrical connection of charging electrode 330 and oxidant reducing electrode 20 is controlled or managed.Battery component 290 is linked to each other with power ps, load L or other battery components 290 (serial or parallel connection).This connection can form by the first terminal 350 and the second terminal 360, and wherein the first terminal 350 is that (negative electrode) and the second terminal 360 of bearing is positive (anodes) during recharging.At interdischarge interval, fuel electrode 170 links to each other with load L, and operates the electronics that metal fuel is sent when oxidized with the fuel at convenient fuel electrode 170 places as anode and flow to external loading L.Oxidant reducing electrode 20 plays negative electrode at interdischarge interval, and be configured to receive from the electronics of external loading L and make and the 20 contacted oxidants reduction of oxidant reducing electrode, specifically make the hydrogen reduction in the gaseous oxidizer in the gaseous oxidizer space of the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 that immerses.Therefore, in an embodiment, oxidant reducing electrode 20 can be that the metal gaseous oxidizer is breathed negative electrode.
The operation of switching system 340 can become because of embodiment, and in certain embodiments switching system 340 operation with at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/299, described in 167 and by with reference to and whole this those of being combined in are similar.As another example, in an embodiment, external loading L can with each permeable electrode body 300a-300e parallel coupled, as be to submit on April 9th, 2009 and by with reference to and the whole U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.12/385 that is combined in this is described in detail in 489.In other embodiments, external loading L can only link to each other with the terminal of permeable electrode body 300a-300e the electrode body 300a of oxidant reducing electrode 20 far-ends (namely), in order to fuel consumption occurs continuously between each permeable electrode body 300a-300e.
In the explanation embodiment of Figure 12, switching system 340 comprises by-pass switch 370, charging electrode switch 380 and oxidant reducing electrode switch 390.By-pass switch 370 is configured to make the first terminal 350 to be electrically connected with the second terminal 360, because a plurality of reasons make battery component 290 bypasses, battery component 290 that isolation damages etc., described a plurality of reasons are used by immersing a plurality of battery component 290 formed a plurality of batteries including, but not limited to staggered.Oxidant reducing electrode switch 390 can make oxidant reducing electrode 20 link to each other to set up electrical potential difference at the electrochemical cell interdischarge interval between fuel electrode 170 and oxidant reducing electrode 20 with the second terminal 360.Charging electrode switch 380 be configured to make at least charging electrode 330 and potentially some (as described in more detail below) of fuel electrode 170 link to each other with the second terminal 360, in order to set up the electrical potential difference of the remainder of the fuel electrode 170 that links to each other with the first terminal 350.
In some non-limiting examples, the switch of switching system 340 can be single-pole single throw or single-pole double throw.They can be pivot, slip or blocking relay type.In addition, can also use the switch of based semiconductor.Electrically (electromechanical relay) or magnetically or by additive method activator switch well-known to those skilled in the art.Can use the switch of any other suitable type, and the example here is not restricted.In an embodiment, if switch has leakage current in one direction, so a plurality of switch series connection connect.For example, will conduct electricity in one direction based on the body diode of the semi-conductive switch of MOSFET and by being placed in series back-to-back in the face of eliminating leakage current based on the semi-conductive switch of MOSFET.
As illustrating as shown in the embodiment, a plurality of electrode body switch 400b-400e be configured to alternately to make electrode body 300b-300e each with link to each other (and linking to each other with the first terminal 350 thus) with the first bus 410a that electrode body 300a is associated, perhaps with the second bus 410b that independent charging electrode 330 is associated link to each other (and linking to each other with the second terminal 360 by charging electrode switch 380 thus).In an embodiment, electrode body switch 400b-400e can be characterized by single-pole double throw.In certain embodiments, electrode body switch 400b-400e can have three optional settings, so that each electrode body 300b-300e can link to each other with electrode body 300a (and the first terminal 350) and independent charging electrode 330, perhaps with electrode body 300a and separately charging electrode 330 the two disconnection.In an embodiment, kind electrode body switch 400b-400e can be characterized by SP3T.As shown, link to each other with the first bus 410a or the second bus 410b by each that makes electrode body 300b-300e, each of permeable electrode body 300b-300e is by being electrically connected with the first terminal 350 or the second terminal 360 respectively and can being the part of fuel electrode or charging electrode.
As shown in illustrating that embodiment further, the switch of switching system 340 is to be controlled by the controller 420 that can be any appropriate configuration and configuration, although and in certain embodiments can be such as attaching it on the battery cover 180 by channel base 240, it can be away from battery component 290 in other embodiments.In an embodiment, controller 420 can be configured to being applied to permeable electrode body 300b-3 from the anode potential of power ps and charging electrode 330 manages.By making the reducible ion reduction from the dielectric metal fuel of ion guide, controller 420 can make the metal fuel electro-deposition, with little by little from permeable electrode body 300a grow into each subsequently electrode body 300b-300e cathode potential is applied to each with on the latter linked electrode body 300b-300d.Controller 420 also can be removed anode potential with latter linked electrode body from each, and anode potential can be applied at least subsequently electrode body or the charging electrode 330 that does not connect by electro-deposition, wherein final electrode body (being electrode body 300e) is electrically connected with at front electrode body 300a-300d by electro-deposition.Thisly apply the oxidant oxidation that anode potential can be configured to allow maybe can make oxidable kind.
In an embodiment, controller 420 can comprise following circuit, and this circuit is configured to handle to determine suitable switch configuration according to the switch of 430 pairs of switching systems 340 of input.In certain embodiments, input 430 can be the measurement result etc. that affects the operation of switching system 340 for the instruction that controller 420 is controlled, outside reading or the meeting relevant with battery.Controller 420 can also comprise for the microprocessor of carrying out such as the more complicated decision of option.In certain embodiments, controller 420 can also be used from the function that the connectivity between load L, power ps, first battery and N the battery is managed.In certain embodiments, controller 420 can comprise following suitable logic OR circuit, and this suitable logic OR circuit is used for response and detects the voltage that arrives predetermined threshold (being lower than predetermined threshold such as dropping to) and start suitable by-pass switch 370.
In certain embodiments, controller 420 may further include or be relevant with sensor device 440, including, but not limited to voltmeter (numeral or simulation) or potentiometer or one or more other voltage measuring apparatus that can be used for determining when the configuration that changes a plurality of switches, so as between charge period during fuel growth progress holding anode and negative electrode contiguous.In certain embodiments, sensor device 440 can be on the contrary to stride the battery component 290 that can be used for determining when the configuration that changes a plurality of switches or its electric current, resistance or any other electricity or physical property measure.For example, sensor device 440 can be measured the reduction of the electrical potential difference between current spike or two electrode body.In certain embodiments, controller 420 can be controlled the switch of switching system 340 according to the passing of incremental time.For example, can know that in an embodiment fuel grows to proceed to the time between the adjacent electrode body, and should the time be used for calculating when switching system 340 is operated in case little by little to the electrode rewiring with adjacent separation the between holding anode and the negative electrode, parallel relatively progressive charging perhaps is provided, as at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/230, more detailed description ground in 549 and U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/299,167 is by with reference to its integral body is combined in this.In an embodiment, controller 420 can be controlled the switch of switching system 340 and think that battery provides high effective model, such as at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/083, describes in more detail in 929, by with reference to its integral body is combined in this.
As mentioned above, in an embodiment, controller 420 can be configured to by-pass switch 370 is controlled with bypass battery component 290.In various embodiments, owing to following many reason by-pass switches 370 can be closed, described many reasons comprise based on sensor device 440 relevant with battery read or based on by inputting 430 external commands that are fed to controller 420 that carry out.In an embodiment, controller 420 can with other controllers 420 cooperations relevant with other battery components 290, and can control that to other controllers 420 battery component 290 is carried out network control able to programmely.In an embodiment, can provide master controller so that a plurality of controllers 420 are controlled, this provides the ability that can control the operation of the switching system 340 of a plurality of battery components 290.In an embodiment, controller 420 can realize such as but be not limited to at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/299, disclosed those one similar algorithms in 167 are perhaps realized other computers or programming Control to switching system 340.
Turn to Figure 13, being inserted in the ionic conduction medium module 450, described ionic conduction medium module 450 is configured to hold a certain amount of ionic conduction medium that battery component 290 can be immersed in to form electrochemical cell with a pair of battery component 290 (individually battery component 290a and battery component 290b) location.Although be configured to receive a pair of battery component 290 in explanation embodiment intermediate ion conducting medium module 450, ionic conduction medium module 450 can be configured to receive the battery component 290 of any number in other embodiments.In explanation embodiment, ionic conduction medium module 450 receives each battery component 290 in the correlation reception groove 460.For example, can receive battery component 290a by receiving slit 460a, and can receive battery component 290b by receiving slit 460b.As discussing in more detail hereinafter, in case being received groove 460, battery component 290 receives, then battery holder 470 can mesh so that they are locked onto in the ionic conduction medium module 450 with battery component 290.
Although ionic conduction medium module 450 can just remain on a certain amount of ionic conduction medium in the constant pond in certain embodiments, but be configured to make ionic conduction medium wherein between fluid intake 480 and fluid issuing 490, to flow in explanation embodiment intermediate ion conducting medium module 450, as discussing in more detail hereinafter.Although it is shared that the ionic conduction medium in the ionic conduction medium module 450 is striden receiving slit 460 in certain embodiments, but in all some embodiment as described, each receiving slit 460 is such as physically being separated with other receiving slits by manifold etc., in order to keep ionic conduction medium or ionic conduction medium parallel flow to cross them.
Because the ionic conduction medium conducts electricity, therefore the ionic conduction MEDIA FLOW is crossed a plurality of electrochemical cells and can be caused branch current, flow through the dielectric parasite current of ion guide or reactive electric current between the electrode that is contained in the different battery components 290 in the same ion conducting medium module 450, it is poor that this has reduced the overall potential of striding a plurality of electrochemical cells.The separation of ion guide Dielectric Physics can be by disconnecting formed reactive electrical connection in the ionic conduction medium, setting up the next interruption branch current that is used for of at least some electric currents isolation.Separate in order to make the ion guide Dielectric Physics between the battery component 290, as describing in more detail hereinafter, each receiving slit 460 can comprise one or more stream dispersers, such as be to submit on February 4th, 2011 and by with reference to the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/362 that its integral body is combined in this, those described in 775.Thereby, as shown, can provide disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 at ionic conduction medium module 450 in certain embodiments.
In Figure 14, the viewgraph of cross-section of the ionic conduction medium module 450 of striding receiving slit 460a and 460b intercepting has been described.In explanation embodiment, replacing the ionic conduction medium is that two battery components 290 share, and each receiving slit 460 comprises its own relevant entrance disperser chamber 510 (individually entrance disperser chamber 510a and 510b) and outlet disperser chamber 520 (exporting individually disperser chamber 520a and 520b) so that ionic conduction medium electric isolate relevant with each receiving slit 460.The viewgraph of cross-section that embodiment is described shows the fluid intake path 530 of leading to following fluid intake manifold (not shown) from fluid intake 480, and the ionic conduction medium that described fluid intake manifold will flow therein is divided into each entrance disperser chamber 510a and 510b.Although this fluid intake manifold will cause ionic conduction medium parallel flowing between receiving slit 460a and 460b, but in certain embodiments can be between receiving slit 460a and 460b serial flow, in order to flow to into entrance disperser chamber 510a, flow through receiving slit 460a, enter entrance disperser chamber 510b, and leave outlet disperser chamber 520b.Other flow arrangement also are possible.Yet in explanation embodiment, as described below, the disperser gaseous oxidizer path 540 of leading to disperser gaseous oxidizer manifold (not shown) provides gaseous oxidizer to entrance disperser chamber 510a and 510b at least.
In Figure 15, presented along the viewgraph of cross-section of the ionic conduction medium module 450 of receiving slit 460a, it shows the inside of entrance disperser chamber 510a and outlet disperser chamber 510b.From this view, can recognize that when the ionic conduction medium flow into fluid intake 480 it can upwards flow (namely against gravity) so that gravity can help the ionic conduction medium to disperse in entrance disperser chamber 510.Being used for can be between fluid intake 480 and entrance disperser chamber 510 Anywhere to the fluid intake manifold (again not shown) of entrance disperser chamber 510a and 510b with flow point.
Although the dielectric dispersion of ion guide described here is with reference to the ionic conduction medium that flows through receiving slit 460a, similar flow path can be relevant with receiving slit 460b.In explanation embodiment, entrance disperser chamber 510a comprises stream disperser 550, and this stream disperser 550 is configured to that to divide ion guide dielectric mobile by making the ionic conduction medium pass one or more nozzles 560.In an embodiment, stream disperser 550 will be positioned at the terminal in fluid intake path 530, so that the ionic conduction medium will fall by one or more nozzles 560, and pass through the rear dispersion part 570 of entrance disperser chamber 510a with the form of disperseing.By disperseing the ionic conduction medium, with interrupt such as branch current otherwise flow through the dielectric any electric current of ion guide, this has prevented this influence of peak current between the battery component 290 that convection cell connects or has minimized it.
In comprising some embodiment illustrated in fig. 15, gaseous oxidizer from disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 can cross gaseous oxidizer path 540 until it arrives disperser gaseous oxidizer manifold (not shown), and enters disperser chamber gaseous oxidizer entrance (also not shown).In certain embodiments, disperser chamber gaseous oxidizer entrance can be an isolation and special-purpose nozzle 560, and it can be positioned at the place, other places on the top in entrance disperser chamber 510 in other embodiments simultaneously.Gaseous oxidizer is under pressure, in order to reduce the ionic conduction medium in the base portion trend foamy of the rear dispersion part 570 in entrance disperser chamber 510.In certain embodiments, can be at ionic conduction medium module 450 interior mineralization pressure heads from the pressure of the gaseous oxidizer of disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500, in order to allow dielectric upwards flow (namely against the gravity) of ion guide in the receiving slit 460 of ionic conduction medium module 450.
Make in rear dispersion part 570 after the dispersion of ionic conduction medium, it can be focused at the bottom of entrance disperser chamber 510a, so that it can continue to flow through receiving slit 460a, strides the battery component 290a that is dipped in wherein.As shown in figure 15, have receiving slit manifold 580a in the bottom of receiving slit 460a, this receiving slit manifold 580a can mobilely divide and guide what the ionic conduction medium was striden battery component 290, such as between electrode body 300 and stride oxidant reducing electrode 20.In certain embodiments, receiving slit manifold 580a can be with the dielectric flow guide of ion guide each mobile Road narrows 320 to fuel electrode 170.In case the ionic conduction medium arrives the top of receiving slit 460a, then it can flow into relative outlet disperser chamber 520a.Although the manifold top that can be positioned at each receiving slit 460 is to reconfigure the stream from the mobile Road narrows 320 of fuel electrode 170 in certain embodiments, but only be to guide interior this is flowed of receiving slit 460 in other embodiments, rather than one guide consistently straight through discrete flow path.In certain embodiments, the top of outlet disperser chamber 520a can be positioned at the position lower than the top of receiving slit 460a, so that the ionic conduction medium can enter it by gravity.
As shown, outlet disperser chamber 520a can comprise stream disperser 590, this stream disperser 590 is configured to divide by making the ionic conduction medium pass one or more nozzles 600 that ion guide is dielectric to flow, and the ionic conduction medium disperseed when it dropped into the rear disperser chamber 610 in outlet disperser chamber 520 with box lunch.In certain embodiments, outlet disperser chamber 520 can be structure or the configuration similar to entrance disperser chamber 510.For example, in certain embodiments, outlet disperser chamber 520 may further include disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance (not shown), and this disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance can be configured to the gaseous oxidizer from disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 is received in the rear disperser chamber 610.Similarly, stream disperser 590 can be similar with nozzle 560 to stream disperser 550 respectively with nozzle 600.Yet, in other embodiments, in case the ionic conduction medium arrives the top of receiving slit 460, just possibility needn't be against gravity flow, in this case, outlet disperser chamber 520a can be configured to receive ion guide dielectric " overflowing " when it leaves receiving slit 460a, wherein it can be discharged from outlet disperser chamber 520a, as long as it reconfigures in the bottom in rear disperser chamber 610.In some this embodiment, it or not essential disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance, because neither the essential head that keeps is in nozzle 600 back, the ionic conduction medium usually neither foam, bubble or otherwise is assembled (back up) within outlet disperser chamber 520.In all some embodiment as described, in any case, can in fluid issuing manifold 620, again be combined with the ionic conduction medium that disperses by outlet disperser chamber 520b (fuzzy among Figure 15) by the ionic conduction medium that outlet disperser chamber 520a disperses, so that jointly effluent fluid outlet of the ionic conduction medium that reconfigures 490.
When as mentioned above, support chip 54 is used in oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and is dipped in the ionic conduction medium oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is positioned.The embodiment of Figure 15 further shows the support chip setting element 630 that can be meshed with the support chip 54 on the oxidant reducing electrode module 10, in order to help the battery component 290 in the receiving slit 460 is positioned.In an embodiment, support chip 54 can comprise the groove that can receive each setting element 630 therein, so that keep battery component 290 with respect to receiving slit manifold 580 at certain highly, and when it is dipped in the ionic conduction medium some weight of support cells assembly 290.Although support chip 54 extends from installation frame 50 in explanation embodiment, in comprising other embodiment of support chip 54, they can or can be positioned at place, other places on the battery component 290 from other region extensions of shell 30.In addition, other mechanism that are used for oxidant reducing electrode module 10 is aimed at also are possible, and including, but not limited to being formed at the groove in the shell 30, this groove can receive the alignment tab in the ionic conduction medium module 450.Setting element described here only is exemplary, and other setting elements can be provided additionally or alternati, perhaps can thoroughly omit.
In Figure 16, show the perspective view of the ionic conduction medium module 450 that battery component 290a and 290b wherein have been installed, wherein dispose superincumbent circuit module 640 and be used for being installed to channel base 240.In an embodiment, circuit module 640 can for each the battery component 290a in the ionic conduction medium module 450 and 290b receive with the conductor 220 of fuel electrode 170 electric coupling and with the conductor 150 of oxidant reducing electrode 20 electric coupling.In certain embodiments, single circuit module 640 can be relevant with each battery component 290, and in all as directed other embodiment, and circuit module 640 can be relevant with a plurality of battery component 290.In an embodiment, circuit module 640 can comprise above-mentioned switching system 340 therein.The connector that circuit module 640 can also comprise therein controller 420 and be used for input 430.Yet in other embodiments, circuit module 640 can only comprise and the connector that is positioned at remote controller 420 and links to each other.As described shown in the embodiment, circuit module 420 can comprise thereon can be the first terminal 650 and the second terminal 660 by battery component 290a and formed two battery sharings of battery component 290b, and can connect by serial or parallel in each embodiment.For example, in certain embodiments, the first terminal 650 can link to each other with the first terminal 350a of battery component 290a, and the second terminal 660 can link to each other with the second terminal 360b of battery component 390b.In other embodiments, the first terminal 650 of circuit module 640 can link to each other with 350b with the first terminal 350a of battery component 290a and 290b respectively, and the second terminal 660 of circuit module 640 links to each other with 360b with the second terminal 360a of battery component 290a and 290b respectively.In all some embodiment as described, can provide to make the intermediate terminal 665 that is electrically connected between the first battery component 290a and the second battery component 290b.For example, can use intermediate terminal 665 in case can be manually selectively with the cell row in the ionic conduction medium module 450 except above-mentioned by-pass switch 370 or with above-mentioned by-pass switch 370, jointly using.
On circuit module 640, further show oxidant inlet connector 670 and the oxidant outlet connector 680 of each battery component 290.Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, exist respectively oxidant inlet connector 670a that battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance 250a and 250b with battery component 290a and 290b be coupled and 670b with the path in the gaseous oxidizer space that gaseous oxidizer is provided enters oxidant reducing electrode module 10 by circuit module 640.Similarly, illustrated embodiment has described respectively oxidant outlet connector 680a that battery cover gaseous oxidizer outlet 260a and 260b with battery component 290a and 290b be coupled and 680b to provide gaseous oxidizer to pass through the path of circuit module 640 outside the gaseous oxidizer space of oxidant reducing electrode module 10.Although in explanation embodiment, for each battery component 290, have independent oxidant inlet connector 670 and oxidant outlet connector 680, but in certain embodiments, oxidant inlet connector 670 and any two or more can linking together during the oxidant outlet connector is connected (perhaps within the circuit module 640 or outside) are flowed and are connected to set up parallel or serial gaseous oxidizer by oxidant reducing electrode module 10.For example, in an embodiment, can provide single oxidant inlet connector 670a gaseous oxidizer being supplied among the gaseous oxidizer entrance 250a, and circuit module 640 can be configured to make gaseous oxidizer outlet 260a and gaseous oxidizer entrance 250b to be coupled.After this can provide to be configured to export the single oxidant outlet connector 680b that 260b is coupled with gaseous oxidizer, so that gaseous oxidizer, at first flows through oxidant reducing electrode module 10a with serial flow, after this flow through oxidant reducing electrode module 10b.
The completed cell module 690 that comprises ionic conduction medium module 450, battery component 290a and 290b and circuit module 640 has thereon been described in Figure 17.In certain embodiments, the ionic conduction medium that usually will flow to fluid intake 480 and effluent fluid outlet 490 is kept in the holder R (not shown), and stream pump FP (also not shown) can be used to carry out pumping by 690 pairs of ionic conduction media of one or more battery modules.In certain embodiments, a plurality of fluid intakes 480 can by manifold connect and each other fluid ground link to each other, but so that stream pump FP parallel drive is passed through the stream of each battery module 690.In other embodiments (being that head remains in the outlet disperser chamber 520 and thus in the situation at flow export 490 places), can link to each other with the inflow entrance 480 fluid ground of battery module 690 subsequently at the flow export 490 of front battery module 690, so that the ionic conduction medium flows through each battery module 690 serially from reservoir R.In certain embodiments, battery module 690 can crossfire with and the combination of stream and fluid ground links to each other.In certain embodiments, each battery module 690 can comprise its oneself stream pump FP.In certain embodiments, each battery module 690 can be configured to make therein again circulation of its dielectric supply of ion guide that oneself arranges, and flow export 490 can directly lead among the stream pump FP thus, directly the logical flow export 480 of same battery module 690 of getting back to.
In certain embodiments, one or more oxidant inlet connectors 670 can link to each other with oxidizer source.Although oxidizer source can be the surrounding environment gaseous oxidizer in certain embodiments, can provide in other embodiments gaseous oxidizer pump AP to flow through gaseous oxidizer path defined in the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 to set up gaseous oxidizer or other oxidants.As the liquid path that comes self-flow pump FP, the gaseous oxidizer path of gaseous oxidizer pump AP can be connected in series or in parallel with oxidant reducing electrode connector 670.In certain embodiments, one or more gaseous oxidizer pump AP can be embedded within the circuit module 640, and can draw gaseous oxidizer by oxidant inlet connector 670 and be drawn to outside the oxidant outlet connector 680.In certain embodiments, one or more gaseous oxidizer pump AP can be positioned at along the gaseous oxidizer path Anywhere, and can flow to set up by gaseous oxidizer being drawn or pushing away to set up flowing of gaseous oxidizer or other oxidants.Gaseous oxidizer pump AP can be any appropriate configuration or configuration, including, but not limited to axial fan, centrifugal blower, crossflow blower fan or so-called " on-bladed blower fan ".
By disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 gaseous oxidizer is offered the gaseous oxidizer disperser in addition for the identical gaseous oxidizer pump AP that oxidant is offered oxidant reducing electrode module 10 in certain embodiments.In other embodiments, the disperser gaseous oxidizer pump DAP (also not shown) that separates with gaseous oxidizer pump AP offers disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 with gaseous oxidizer, and described gaseous oxidizer is under than the higher pressure of the gaseous oxidizer that offers oxidant reducing electrode module 10 in certain embodiments.For example, gaseous oxidizer pump AP can provide the increase to the pressure of the oxidant of the oxidant reducing electrode 20 about 1/4PSI on the atmospheric pressure of side 45 in an embodiment, this can provide the power perpendicular with oxidant reducing electrode 20, and it especially can help the ionic conduction medium of oxidant reducing electrode 20 is carried out balance towards the dielectric power of ion guide on the side 40.Similarly, disperser gaseous oxidizer pump DAP can be provided to the increase of the pressure of the about 1/2PSI on the atmospheric pressure in the disperser gaseous oxidizer entrance 500 in an embodiment, after this provides it at least entrance disperser chamber 510 (and offering in certain embodiments outlet disperser chamber 520).The pressure that gaseous oxidizer pump AP and/or disperser gaseous oxidizer pump DAP provide is different because of embodiment, and therefore can use any suitable pressurization (if at all having).
The oxidizer source of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can be the source (such as for example oxygen tank) of (contained) oxidant of control in certain embodiments.In an embodiment, making can recirculation from the oxygen of electrochemical cell, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent application 12/549,617 and by with reference to its integral body is combined in this.Similarly, when oxidant was oxygen from the surrounding environment gaseous oxidizer, oxidizer source can be thought transfer mechanism widely, and no matter be passive or initiatively (for example, pump, air blast etc.), can allow oxidizer source to flow to oxidant reducing electrode 20 by this.Therefore, term " oxidizer source " intention comprises for being sent to from the oxygen of surrounding environment gaseous oxidizer oxidant and/or the arrangement of the control of oxidant reducing electrode 20 passively or on one's own initiative.
In various embodiments, oxidant reducing electrode module 10 be configured to and from the aligning of fuel electrode module 160 can be different with the explanation here.For example, oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can comprise a pair of relative oxidant reducing electrode 20 in certain embodiments, and this is configured to be aligned between a pair of relative fuel electrode 170 to relative oxidant reducing electrode 20.In some this embodiment, baffle plate 158 can extend to the gaseous oxidizer space from top section 60 and the base section 90 of module 30, the a pair of mounting panel 50 of wherein placing oxidant reducing electrode module 10 surrounds baffle plate 158, to limit the gaseous oxidizer passage of the outlet 130 from gaseous oxidizer entrance 120 to gaseous oxidizer, this gaseous oxidizer passage can make gaseous oxidizer contact with two oxidant reducing electrodes 20.In certain embodiments, the fuel electrode that separates by the oxidant reducing electrode module 10 that has therein a pair of oxidant reducing electrode 20 can share ionic conduction medium (being that oxidant reducing electrode module 10 and two fuel electrodes 20 are dipped in the same ion conducting medium) to 170.Similarly, as mentioned above, in the fuel electrode 170 one or both can be coupled with oxidant reducing electrode module 10.In certain embodiments, a pair of oxidant reducing electrode module 10 can be surrounded common fuel electrode 170 between it or the fuel electrode 170 of a pair of binding between it, and with at U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/362, described in 775 and by this those are similar can to form double cell in certain embodiments with reference to being combined in.
As noted above, the baffle plate within the air space 158 or other supporting constructions can be usually by providing common rigidity supporting structure to promote alleviating of the power of liquid ions conducting medium on oxidant reducing electrode 20 or other distributions for the oxidant reducing electrode 20 in the gaseous oxidizer space in certain embodiments.The material stiffness than shell 30 is less usually can to will be appreciated that the material that is assembled in the oxidant reducing electrode 20, and thereby has tendency in the gaseous oxidizer space that is bent between the baffle plate 158 in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium time under the dielectric fluid pressure of ion guide.This bending can have many side effects, including, but not limited to tension force being placed on the adhesive that oxidant reducing electrode 20 is fixed to installation frame 50 and make electrical field deformation between oxidant reducing electrode 20 and the fuel electrode 170.Therefore, can will be appreciated that baffle plate 158 can be arranged in the gaseous oxidizer space in order to support the zone of oxidant reducing electrode 20 with the trend of reduction oxidant reducing electrode 20 bendings under fluid force.
For example, Figure 18 shows the embodiment of oxidant reducing electrode module 10, and its common fine and close arrangement that baffle plate 158 has been described is flow through this air duct with steering current AF in the illustrated direction of arrow in order to the air duct that is limited between it is narrowed down.Utilize this fine and close arrangement of baffle plate 158, because larger support is provided, oxidant reducing electrode 20 otherwise the zone that can bend under fluid force have reduced.In addition, can will be appreciated that baffle plate 158 itself can be enough thick so that for oxidant reducing electrode 20 provides further support, as described in more detail below in an embodiment.In certain embodiments, the thickness of baffle plate 158 and between the interval can be proportional to one another in order to make the support of oxidant reducing electrode 20 maximization, also make simultaneously the air-flow maximization by air duct and make oxidant reducing electrode 20 be exposed to air or other gaseous oxidizers.
Although be not restriction, in the explanation embodiment of Figure 18, the thickness x of baffle plate 158 can be approximately 1mm on Width.In addition, in the illustrated embodiment, the interval y between the baffle plate 158 can be approximately 2mm on Width.In other embodiments, thickness x and interval y can change and can depend on the relative rigidity of oxidant reducing electrode 20.For example, have in oxidant reducing electrode 20 in the situation of common rigidity or reinforcement character, can utilize the more wide interval y of baffle plate 158.As example, in certain embodiments, the interval y of baffle plate 158 can be greatly between 1-50mm, such as approximately being 20mm in an embodiment, approximately being 10mm or approximately being 5mm.Similarly, in certain embodiments the thickness x of baffle plate 158 can be greatly about 0.5 and 10mm between, such as approximately being 5mm in an embodiment or approximately being 2mm.
Figure 19 has described the perspective cross-sectional view of dwindling of the regional XVIII that highlights in the embodiment of Figure 18.Again, baffle plate 158 can be configured to make air-flow AF to separate different direction (namely in passing through the air duct of oxidant reducing electrode module 10).Such as what in the view of Figure 19, can recognize, can be by making the hydrostatic pressure of coming on the contrary the equilibrium ion conducting medium that oxidant reducing electrode 20 (transparent illustrate to illustrate with baffle plate 158 contact) is applied from the ionic conduction medium power of passing baffle plate 158 of the rear portion 100 of shell 30.Thereby, the ionic conduction medium that enters oxidant reducing electrode 20 can be pressed onto the oxidant of oxidant reducing electrode 20 supporting zone 700 towards side 45 in the contact-making surface 710 of baffle plate 158 towards the ionic conduction medium power of side 40, and itself receives from the dielectric relative ionic conduction medium power of the ion guide among the rear portion 100 that is pressed onto shell 30.Therefore, can offset ionic conduction medium power by the length of baffle plate 158, among the air duct that this restriction oxidant reducing electrode 20 is deformed in those supporting zones 700.In addition, the effect of reduction hydrostatic pressure can prevent that electrolyte from passing through the speed increase that oxidant reducing electrode 20 flows out.Adhesive such as PTFE may can little by little change pore size under pressure, described pressure otherwise can make air space that the ionic conduction medium flows out to oxidant reducing electrode module with to the air duct between the baffle plate 158.Therefore, by reducing the effect of hydrostatic pressure, the useful life that can improve oxidant reducing electrode 20.
Again, make interval y between the baffle plate 158 have a certain size so that baffle plate 158 provides the oxidant of the striding oxidant reducing electrode 20 enough supports towards side 45 so that restriction or prevent the distortion (namely as described, in unsupported regional 720) of the oxidant reducing electrode 20 between the adjacent contact face 710.Yet, although can will be appreciated that baffle plate 158 can be formed by the dense material structure in certain embodiments, but can be common breathable in the part of the baffle plate 158 of contact-making surface 710 near-ends itself at least in other embodiments, in order to promote to absorb the gaseous oxidizer at those supporting zone 700 places of oxidant reducing electrode 20.Similarly, to such an extent as to the oxidant of oxidant reducing electrode 20 enters into oxidant reducing electrode 20 oxidant is offered supporting zone 700 towards side 45 is enough ventilative with supporting zone 720 contacted oxidants not in certain embodiments.
The non-limiting example that the embodiment of electrochemical cell described here should not be considered to be in that any aspect restricts and as how this battery that utilizes instruction described here be carried out charge or discharge provides.In passing through with reference to the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.12/885 that its integral body is combined in this of submission on September 17th, 2010,268 have described the rechargeable electrochemical cell system with charge/discharge mode conversion in the battery.Also as mentioned above, utilize the fluid between a plurality of electrochemical cells of battery component 290 to connect and to change.That be to submit on December 4th, 2009 and by with reference to and the whole U.S. Patent application No.12/631 that is combined in this provides the additional detail of the embodiment of the battery that is connected in series in 484.
Although described single ionic conduction medium module 450 here, described single ionic conduction medium module 450 has two receiving slits 460 being enclosed in wherein to receive two battery components 290 and to set up battery module 690, but the utility model can be that implement by additional receiving slit 460 and battery component 290 and/or by additional ions conducting medium module 450 enforcements that link to each other with illustrated those fluids, and this has set up battery of any size etc.In the utility model, can utilize for increasing substituting or additional mechanism of ion resistance between the battery that fluid links to each other, such as by with reference to the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.12/631 that is combined in this, those that discuss in 484.In certain embodiments, battery component 290 and/or ionic conduction medium module 450 can comprise one or more catch traies, such as by with reference to being combined in this U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/185, described in 658 those, it can be positioned to receive the particle of the fuel that is separated with fuel electrode 170 and make its oxidation on strategy.In certain embodiments, the part of battery component 290 (comprising for example oxidant reducing electrode module 10) or ionic conduction medium module 450 can comprise therein such as by with reference to being combined in this U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number No.61/515, the steam vent such as the impermeable steam vent of gaseous oxidizer liquid permeable described in 749, this steam vent can make the gas discharging of not expecting in the battery arrive away from battery, among the gaseous oxidizer path that is discharged into immersion.
It should be understood that in certain embodiments and additive or other materials can be applied in ionic conduction medium or the electrode.For example, in order to limit or be suppressed at fuel electrode 170 place's liberations of hydrogen, it adds salt to hinder evolving hydrogen reaction during can occurring in discharge mode in some cases or static (open circuit) during the period.Can use tin salt, lead salt, mantoquita, mercury salt, indium salt, bismuth salt or have any other material of high Hydrogen over potential.In addition, can add tartrate, phosphate, citrate, succinate, ammonium salt or other liberation of hydrogen suppressant additives.In an embodiment, can be used for suppressing liberation of hydrogen such as the metal fuel alloy of Al/Mg.In addition, can also or alternatively other additives be added on the ionic conduction medium, including, but not limited to the additive for the electrodeposition process that improves the metal fuel on the fuel electrode 170, such as by with reference to its integral body being combined in this U.S. Patent Application Serial Number No.13/028, described in 496.This additive can reduce the laissez-faire dendritic growth of fuel particle, and the possibility of separating with fuel electrode 170 of this fuel particle therefore.
Previous illustrated embodiment be only for 26S Proteasome Structure and Function principle of the present utility model is described provide and be not intended to make restriction.For example, the utility model can utilize different fuel, different oxidant, different electrolyte and/or the configuration of different integral structure or material to implement.As non-limiting example, the in certain embodiments configuration of electrochemical cell can comprise from U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 12/385,217,12/385,489,12/549,617,12/631,484,12/776,962,12/885,268,13/028,496,13/083,929,13/167,930,13/185,658,13/230,549,13/299,167,61/515,749,61/555, one or more unit or setting in 982 and 61/556,011.Therefore, the utility model intention is encompassed in all modifications, replacement, variation and the equivalent within the spirit and scope of following appended claims.

Claims (35)

1. oxidant reducing electrode module that is used for being immersed in the ionic conduction medium of electrochemical cell is characterized in that this oxidant reducing electrode module comprises:
The gaseous oxidizer that shell, this shell are configured to limit wherein receives the space;
The oxidant reducing electrode, this oxidant reducing electrode has oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side, this oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall that gaseous oxidizer receives the space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards gaseous oxidizer receive space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium;
Gaseous oxidizer entrance and gaseous state oxidant outlet, this gaseous oxidizer entrance and gaseous state oxidant outlet receive the space by extending through gaseous oxidizer gaseous oxidizer passage is coupled; And
Be positioned at the one or more strutting pieces within the gaseous oxidizer reception space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer reception space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance; And
Wherein allow oxidant to enter into gaseous oxidizer by the gaseous oxidizer entrance and receive the space, this oxidant reducing electrode is configured to make the gaseous oxidizer reduction by oxidant towards side draught getter attitude oxidant and at the electrochemical cell interdischarge interval.
2. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that shell is single compression-molded structures, and is configured to so that the only single sealing that is formed between shell and the oxidant reducing electrode will be immersed among the ionic conduction medium.
3. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that by the impermeable sealant of ionic conduction medium the oxidant reducing electrode being sealed to shell.
4. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that the oxidant reducing electrode comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
5. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that one or more strutting pieces and shell are one-body molded.
6. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that one or more strutting pieces comprise the baffle plate for gaseous oxidizer.
7. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1 is characterized in that the part interval adjacent one another are of one or more strutting pieces, and separate at the interval of the part by limiting the gaseous oxidizer passage.
8. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 7 is characterized in that the interval approximately is between 1-50mm.
9. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 8 is characterized in that the interval approximately is 20mm.
10. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 8 is characterized in that the interval approximately is 10mm.
11. oxidant reducing electrode module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that among its electrochemical cell shell of being installed to electrochemical cell, described electrochemical cell comprises (i) ionic conduction medium and (ii) fuel electrode, this fuel electrode comprises metal fuel and is arranged in shell so that metal fuel is exposed to the ionic conduction medium to make the metal fuel oxidation with electrochemical means, so that oxidant reducing electrode and fuel electrode interval; Wherein the ionic conduction medium at the ionic conduction medium of fuel electrode and oxidant reducing electrode towards conducting ion between the side to support the electrochemical reaction at fuel electrode and oxidant reducing electrode place.
12. the oxidant reducing electrode module that is installed among the electrochemical cell shell according to claim 11 is characterized in that the ionic conduction medium is liquid.
13. assembly, this assembly comprises the oxidant reducing electrode module of the claim 1 that is coupled with the fuel electrode module that comprises fuel electrode, it is characterized in that this assembly is configured to make oxidant reducing electrode and fuel electrode interval, so that in the time of in being immersed in the ionic conduction medium, the ionic conduction medium that makes the oxidant reducing electrode is exposed to the ionic conduction medium to make the metal fuel oxidation with electrochemical means towards the metal fuel of side and fuel electrode, wherein the ionic conduction medium at the ionic conduction medium of fuel electrode and oxidant reducing electrode towards conducting ion between the side with the electrochemical reaction between holding oxidant reducing electrode and the fuel electrode.
14. assembly according to claim 13, it is characterized in that further comprising battery cover, this battery cover comprises and is configured to the battery cover gaseous oxidizer entrance that the gaseous oxidizer entrance with oxidant reducing electrode module is coupled, in order to allow gaseous oxidizer to flow to the oxidant reducing electrode by battery cover.
15. assembly according to claim 13, it is characterized in that further comprising the second oxidant reducing electrode module, this the second oxidant reducing electrode module comprises relevant oxidant reducing electrode, this the second oxidant reducing electrode module is positioned at the position relative with oxidant reducing electrode module, wherein the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant reducing electrode module is faced mutually with the oxidant reducing electrode of the second oxidant reducing electrode module, and simultaneously fuel electrode is between the oxidant reducing electrode of the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant reducing electrode module and the second oxidant reducing electrode module.
16. assembly according to claim 15, it is characterized in that further comprising the second fuel electrode between the oxidant reducing electrode of the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant reducing electrode module and the second oxidant reducing electrode module, this fuel electrode is associated with the oxidant reducing electrode of oxidant reducing electrode module, and the second fuel electrode is associated with the oxidant reducing electrode of the second oxidant reducing electrode module.
17. an electrochemical cell system is characterized in that comprising:
Chamber, this chamber are configured to comprise therein a certain amount of ionic conduction medium;
One or more fuel electrodes, each of these one or more fuel electrodes comprise metal fuel and are configured to by the ionic conduction medium contact; And
Be immersed in the one or more oxidant reducing electrode modules among the ionic conduction medium, each oxidant reducing electrode module comprises:
Shell, this shell are configured to limit gaseous oxidizer space wherein;
The oxidant reducing electrode, this oxidant reducing electrode has oxidant towards side and ionic conduction medium towards side, this oxidant reducing electrode is installed to described shell so that the oxidant reducing electrode is defined for the boundary wall in gaseous oxidizer space, wherein oxidant in the side direction towards the gaseous oxidizer space and ionic conduction medium aspect-oriented to the outside to be exposed to the ionic conduction medium;
By gaseous oxidizer entrance and the gaseous state oxidant outlet that the gaseous oxidizer passage that extends through the gaseous oxidizer space is coupled, its oxidant that is configured to allow gaseous oxidizer to flow to the oxidant reducing electrode is towards side; And
Be positioned at the one or more strutting pieces within the gaseous oxidizer space, these one or more strutting pieces are configured to prevent that the oxidant reducing electrode is deformed among the gaseous oxidizer space when the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed in the ionic conduction medium, and gaseous oxidizer flowing within the gaseous oxidizer passage is directed to the gaseous oxidizer outlet from the gaseous oxidizer entrance; And
Wherein limit one or more electrochemical cells by the relevant oxidant reducing electrode with at least one of each fuel electrode, it is poor that each of these one or more electrochemical cells is configured to the discharge potential that makes the metal fuel oxidation at fuel electrode place and make the gaseous oxidizer at least one relevant oxidant reducing electrode place reduce to produce between its that is applied to load at interdischarge interval.
18. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17, it is characterized in that each fuel electrode is configured to be installed to relevant of one or more oxidant reducing electrode modules, so as fuel electrode and the Colaesce of relevant oxidant reducing electrode module be dipped in the ionic conduction medium.
19. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17, it is characterized in that each electrochemical cell further comprises the charging electrode of selecting from following group, described group by (a) oxidant reducing electrode and (b) and the independent charging electrode at the fuel electrode of each electrochemical cell and oxidant reducing electrode interval form.
20. electrochemical cell system according to claim 19 is characterized in that each fuel electrode comprises a series of permeable electrode bodies that arrange with isolated relation;
Wherein the isolated relation of permeable electrode body makes it possible to be applied between charging electrode and at least one the permeable electrode body recharging electrical potential difference, wherein charging electrode plays anodize and at least one permeable electrode body plays cathodic process, so that reducible fuel type is reduced and with oxidable form as metal fuel by electro-deposition at least one permeable electrode body, wherein electro-deposition make metal fuel between the permeable electrode body growth so that electrodeposit metals fuel is set up electrical connection between the permeable electrode body.
21. electrochemical cell system according to claim 19, the metal fuel that it is characterized in that reducible kind comprises the ion of zinc, iron, aluminium, magnesium or lithium, and wherein metal fuel is zinc, iron, aluminium, magnesium or lithium.
22. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that the ionic conduction medium comprises electrolyte solution with water.
23. electrochemical cell system according to claim 22 is characterized in that electrolyte solution with water comprises sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium chloride, potassium nitrate or lithium chloride.
24. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that further comprising the gaseous oxidizer pump, this gaseous oxidizer pump is configured to a certain amount of gaseous oxidizer is pumped among the gaseous oxidizer passage.
25. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17, the shell that it is characterized in that oxidant reducing electrode module is single compression-molded structures, and is configured to so that the only single sealing that is formed between shell and the oxidant reducing electrode is immersed among the ionic conduction medium.
26. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that by the impermeable sealant of ionic conduction medium the oxidant reducing electrode being sealed to the shell of oxidant reducing electrode module.
27. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that the oxidant reducing electrode comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
28. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that one or more strutting pieces and shell are one-body molded.
29. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17 is characterized in that one or more strutting pieces comprise the baffle plate for gaseous oxidizer.
30. electrochemical cell system according to claim 29 is characterized in that the part interval adjacent one another are of one or more strutting pieces, separate at the interval of the part by limiting the gaseous oxidizer passage.
31. electrochemical cell system according to claim 30 is characterized in that the interval approximately is between 1-50mm.
32. electrochemical cell system according to claim 31 is characterized in that the interval approximately is 20mm.
33. electrochemical cell system according to claim 31 is characterized in that the interval approximately is 10mm.
34. electrochemical cell system according to claim 17, it is characterized in that one or more oxidant reducing electrode modules comprise two oxidant reducing electrode modules that are configured to surround one or more fuel electrodes, these two oxidant reducing electrode modules are positioned at position respect to one another so that the oxidant reducing electrode of each of two oxidant reducing electrode modules faces with each other, and surround one or more fuel electrodes.
35. electrochemical cell system according to claim 34 is characterized in that one or more fuel electrodes are included as the shared single fuel electrode of each oxidant reducing electrode of two oxidant reducing electrode modules.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN103094641A (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 流体公司 Immersible gaseous oxidant cathode for electrochemical cell system
US11552290B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2023-01-10 Form Energy, Inc. Negative electrodes for electrochemical cells
US11611115B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-03-21 Form Energy, Inc. Long life sealed alkaline secondary batteries

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US4246324A (en) * 1979-04-09 1981-01-20 Diamond Shamrock Technologies S.A. Consumable replaceable anodes for batteries
US6869710B2 (en) * 2001-02-09 2005-03-22 Evionyx, Inc. Metal air cell system
TW200421657A (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-10-16 Inventqjaya Sdn Bhd Oxidant flow system for submerged metal air electrochemical cell
CN102844932A (en) * 2010-02-16 2012-12-26 流体公司 Electrochemical cell, and particularly cell with electro deposited
CN103094641B (en) * 2011-11-04 2017-04-19 流体公司 Immersible gaseous oxidant cathode for electrochemical cell system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094641A (en) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 流体公司 Immersible gaseous oxidant cathode for electrochemical cell system
CN103094641B (en) * 2011-11-04 2017-04-19 流体公司 Immersible gaseous oxidant cathode for electrochemical cell system
US11611115B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-03-21 Form Energy, Inc. Long life sealed alkaline secondary batteries
US11552290B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2023-01-10 Form Energy, Inc. Negative electrodes for electrochemical cells

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