CN202390394U - Device for gasifying and melting biomass to prepare flammable gas with high calorific value - Google Patents
Device for gasifying and melting biomass to prepare flammable gas with high calorific value Download PDFInfo
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- CN202390394U CN202390394U CN2011205075097U CN201120507509U CN202390394U CN 202390394 U CN202390394 U CN 202390394U CN 2011205075097 U CN2011205075097 U CN 2011205075097U CN 201120507509 U CN201120507509 U CN 201120507509U CN 202390394 U CN202390394 U CN 202390394U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for gasifying and melting biomass to prepare clean flammable gas with high calorific value, which can be used for preparing clean flammable gas with high calorific value. The device comprises a fluidized gasification reactor, a cyclone smelting furnace, an overheater, an economizer, a heat pipe exchanger, a bag dust collector, a desulfurizing tower, a compressor and a gas storage tank. The device adopts an efficient biomass gasification technology breaking through the prior art, can prepare flammable gas with high calorific value, and effectively reduce tar, carbon particles and ash content in the flammable gas. The thermal utilization efficiency of the system is high, and the device is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the device that high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in a kind of gasifying biomass fusion, belongs to solid waste resource recovery and disposes the field.
Background technology
The progress of expanding economy, society makes and human demands for energy constantly to be increased, and because of the energy dilemma that causes that reduces year by year of fossil oils such as coal, oil grows in intensity, the energy that makes up clean and safe will become the common objective of countries in the world future.2007, European Union issue renewable energy source route map proposed the year two thousand twenty renewable energy source and accounts for terminal energy sources consumption proportion and reach 20% target, and highlights the development and use of biomass energy.As unique renewable energy source that is converted into hydrocarbon fuel, biomass energy not only abundant raw material, distribute extensively, and be " neutral carbon " energy, can effectively alleviate global warming issue.Gasifying biomass reaches through gasification synthetic liquid fuel technology can be converted into gas or the liquid fuel of being convenient to store conveying rapidly with a large amount of different types of biomass, has very strong commercial viability.But; The biomass gasification system whole efficiency is relatively low at present; Mostly gasification product is that calorific value is low, tar and the high low-quality combustible gas of ash oontent, can't directly substitute fossil oils such as coal, petroleum and natural gas and use, cause gasification technology less economical, commercial competitiveness is on the low side.Therefore, how promoting biomass gasification technology efficient, improve the combustible gas quality, is the major issue that current gasifying biomass field needs to be resolved hurrily.
Biomass gasification technology promptly utilizes vaporized chemical under the high temperature oxygen deficient atmospheres, to make the generation of biomass incomplete combustion contain H
2, CO etc. synthetic combustible gas.According to the difference of vaporized chemical, gasifying biomass can be divided into: air gasification, oxygen gasified and steam gasification etc.The air gasification cost is low, appliance arrangement is simple, operation possibility is strong, but owing to influenced by the dilution of a large amount of nitrogen, the combustible gas calorific value of production is lower, generally has only 4 ~ 7MJ/Nm
3The oxygen gasified influence of getting rid of nitrogen, aerogenesis calorific value are 10 ~ 18MJ/Nm
3, suitable with town gas.But pure oxygen preparation expensive limited it and applied, and uses oxygen-rich gasification effectively to reduce cost.Steam gasification can make hydrogen-rich middle calorific value combustible gas, and calorific value is 10 ~ 14MJ/Nm
3But because steam gasification is restructured as strong endothermic reaction, when catalyst-free, need carrying out more than 800 ℃, so gasification need be added outer heating equipment, the system complexity increase.
At present, the gasifying biomass product removes H
2, outside the inflammable gas such as CO, also comprise tar, carbon granule and the ash impurity that grades.Tar at high temperature mixes with combustible gas with gaseous form, but can be condensed into liquid when being lower than 200 ℃, and occluding device and pipeline influence the safe transport of combustible gas.Physically adopt WATER-WASHING METHOD to remove tar, not only liquids recovery and circulation device are huge, and the sewage after the detar is difficult to handle.Therefore tend to thermochemical method at present and remove tar, comprise Pintsch process and catalytic pyrolysis etc.Pintsch process can effectively reduce tar content, improves efficiency of carbon conversion, but has increased system's power consumption simultaneously, causes that the combustible gas calorific value reduces and the reactor sinters possibility increases.Catalytic pyrolysis is converted into light gas with tar, has promoted the combustible gas calorific value.But problems such as catalyzer poor heat stability, low, the easy carbon distribution of physical strength or poisoning and deactivation have restricted the development of catalytic cracking of tar technology.Ash content in the combustible gas also is to influence combustion gas key in application factor.The heavy metal of ash content middle and high concentration and solubility salt not only can cause the corrosive wear of follow-up equipment, also can cause secondary pollution to soil and underground water.Particularly the combustion gas fly ash content of fluidized-bed gasification generation is high, and traditional cyclonic separation technology can't remove fully, causes the combustible gas quality lower, handles also for follow-up gas-purification and makes troubles.
In sum, at present the gasifying biomass difficult point of producing high-quality combustible gas is to improve how simultaneously combustible gas calorific value and degree of cleaning.The production of high heating value combustible gas needs high cost investment (oxygen gasified) or adds external heat source (steam gasification); Tar can consume a part of heat with grey the removing then of impurity of grading; Cause gasification system integral energy transformation efficiency to reduce, the combustible gas quality descends.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the purpose of the utility model is the deficiency to prior art, provides a kind of and improves the combustible gas calorific value and reduce the device that high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in its coal-tar middle oil and the gasifying biomass fusion flying dust amount.
Technical scheme: the device of high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in the described gasifying biomass fusion of the utility model, comprises fluidized bed gasification reactor, whirlwind melting furnace, suphtr, economizer, hot tube heat exchanger, sack cleaner, thionizer, compression set and gas-holder.
Said fluidized bed gasification reactor is made up of air compartment two portions of gasification reaction district and bottom, is provided with air distribution plate between said air compartment and the gasification reaction district, and the sidewall of said air compartment and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet and slag-drip opening; The sidewall in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor is provided with steam inlet and material feeder; The top in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor is connected with the import of said whirlwind melting furnace through pipeline; The sidewall of said whirlwind melting furnace and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet and slag-drip opening; The top exit of said whirlwind melting furnace is connected with said suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger successively; The outlet of said hot tube heat exchanger is connected with said fly-ash separator, thionizer, compression set and gas-holder successively.
In the utility model, fluidized bed gasification reactor is main equipment for gasification; The whirlwind melting furnace is carbon granule, coke tar cracking and fusing fly ash equipment; With suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger is main heat-exchange equipment, recycles the sensible heat that gasification and melting makes high-temperature combustible gas; Combustible gas after employing sack cleaner, the thionizer heat exchanging is made further purifying treatment, and the high-quality combustible gas that obtains is collected by gas-holder after compression.
In order to prepare oxygen rich gas; Also comprise air separation facility in the utility model device; The outlet of said air separation facility is divided into two branch roads; Article one, branch road is connected with the blast inlet of said whirlwind melting furnace through behind the said hot tube heat exchanger, and another branch road is connected with the blast inlet of said fluidized bed gasification reactor through behind the said hot tube heat exchanger.
In order fully to recycle the sensible heat that gasification and melting makes high-temperature combustible gas, said economizer is provided with water-in, is connected with the steam inlet of said fluidized bed gasification reactor after stating economizer and said suphtr through said successively through inlet channel.After the preheating of water process economizer, get into the hot again vaporization of suphtr and make water vapour, supply the reaction use in the fluidized bed gasification reactor.
The method of high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in the said gasifying biomass fusion of the utility model, comprises the steps:
(1) in fluidized bed gasification reactor, send into biomass material, oxygen rich gas and water vapour, under 450～750 ℃ condition, generate thick matter combustible gas, the top by said fluidized bed gasification reactor is transported in the whirlwind melting furnace again; The end slag that reaction generates is discharged by the slag-drip opening of fluidized bed gasification reactor;
(2) after thick matter combustible gas gets into said whirlwind melting furnace; In said whirlwind melting furnace, feed oxygen rich gas simultaneously; Under 1100～1450 ℃ condition; High-temperature combustible gas after thick matter combustible gas removes wherein tar, carbon granule and ash content and is purified is discharged flow through successively suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger by the top of said whirlwind melting furnace; The slag that reaction generates is discharged by the slag-drip opening of said whirlwind melting furnace;
(3) the low temperature combustible gas stream that is come out by hot tube heat exchanger further purifies through sack cleaner and thionizer, is purified combustible gas after the purification and after the compression set compression, is collected in the gas-holder.
The utility model adopts oxygen rich gas and water vapour as vaporized chemical jointly, and in conjunction with the advantage of oxygen-rich gasification and two technology of whirlwind fusion, combining through low temperature gasification and high-temperature fusion obtains more purified high heating value combustible gas.The concrete characteristic of step (1) gasification part be with oxygen rich gas and water vapour as vaporized chemical jointly, oxygen-enriched combusting can be the steam gasification reforming reaction heat is provided, thus formation self-supplying heat gasification system.The very exothermic of oxygen-rich gasification process is the heat supply of steam gasification reforming reaction, makes to fail the macromolecular substance such as carbon granule and tar of complete reaction under the water vapour effect, further gasify generation CO and H
2Deng.This has not only reduced the coal-tar middle oil content with carbon granule etc. of gasification product, has also improved the efficiency of carbon conversion of gasification reaction, has increased the combustible gas calorific value.The speed of reaction of total system, temperature of reaction, efficiency of carbon conversion and aerogenesis calorific value are all higher.
Here be noted that; Though biomass material self moisture evaporation also can produce water vapour; And might further participate in the gasification reforming reaction, but because this part water vapour initial temperature is lower, the reforming reaction that gasifies need consume great amount of heat; Therefore only relatively poor through the inner evaporation of the biomass reforming reaction effect that gasifies, it is more excellent directly to feed the gasification result that high-temperature vapor obtains.
The thick matter combustible gas purifying of the utility model partly is the important composition of system gas system, and its concrete characteristic is to adopt high temperature whirlwind melting furnace to carry out the fusion with ash content that removes of tar, carbon granule.The whirlwind melting furnace forms high-temperature reductibility fusion atmosphere through thick matter combustible gas and oxygen rich gas burning heat release, does not need complicated outer supplying heat source, has not only practiced thrift heating cost, has also reduced the complicacy of system.The thick matter combustible gas that is carrying tar, carbon granule and a large amount of ash contents directly feeds the whirlwind melting furnace by fluidized bed gasification reactor top, and 1100 ~ 1450 ℃ high-temperature reductibility atmosphere is kept in generating gasification fusion under the effect of combustion-supporting oxygen enrichment in the melting furnace.Tar in combustible gas Pintsch process in melting furnace produces micro-molecular gas, macromole carbon granule and the gasification of oxygen rich gas generation second pyrolysis.The split product of tar and carbon granule is all along with combustible gas is discharged by melting furnace top.Ash content high-temperature fusion in the combustible gas is also caught by inboard wall of burner hearth under strong eddy flow and centrifugation, flows into slag-drip opening along inwall then.In slag, slag can also can be used as building and roadbed material according to common solid waste landfill to heavy metal in the ash content with the compound form stable existence.
The high-temperature combustible gas that purifies ash disposal through the whirlwind fusion carries out heat recovery through heat-exchanger rigs such as suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger, to improve the energy utilization efficiency of gasification system.Concrete characteristic is to carry out the thermal exchange between combustible gas and water and the oxygen rich gas through suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger, required water vapour and the oxygen rich gas of heating and gasifying in the cooling combustible gas.Embodiment is: flow through successively after the combustible gas purifying ash disposal suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger; Feedwater gets into the suphtr required high-temperature vapor of heat generation gasification again after the economizer preheating; The oxygen concn that makes after being purified through air separation facility by air is 25～95% oxygen rich gas, sends into fluidized bed gasification reactor and whirlwind melting furnace after being heated to 200 ℃ through hot tube heat exchanger.
The low temperature combustible gas that is come out by hot tube heat exchanger is through sack cleaner and the further purifying and dedusting of thionizer.Combustion gas at first gets into sack cleaner and removes remaining fine dusts, flows into thionizer afterwards and removes sulfocompound wherein, finally obtains high-quality cleaning combustible gas.Purify combustible gas and after the compression set compression, be collected in the gas-holder subsequent usely, or directly be delivered to and use the gas place.
Beneficial effect:
Conventional fluidisation bed gasification technology uses air, oxygen, water vapour or air (oxygen) to mix as vaporized chemical with water vapour, can't realize the balance of cost of investment and aerogenesis calorific value, causes the combustible gas calorific value lower or system's cost of investment is higher.High-content flying dust in the combustible gas is not only made troubles to gas-purification, and can cause the corrosive wear and the second environmental pollution of follow-up equipment.In addition, exist with gaseous form under the coal-tar middle oil high temperature of combustible gas, but when being lower than 200 ℃, can be condensed into liquid, occluding device and pipeline influence the safe transport of combustible gas.The utility model efficiently solves this difficult problem through combining oxygen enrichment-steam gasification technology and whirlwind fusion technology, has realized the balance of cost of investment and aerogenesis calorific value.Aspect cost of investment, compare pure oxygen gasification, oxygen-rich gasification requires to descend to oxygen concn, and system oxygen cost reduces.Simultaneously, the steam gasification reforming reaction can be passed through the oxygen-enriched combusting heat supply, has reduced the pressure of outer supplying heat source, has reduced running cost.Aspect the combustible gas quality, because the oxygen rich gas nitrogen content is few, speed of reaction is fast, and thermo-efficiency is higher, compares air gasification aerogenesis calorific value and can improve nearly one times.Again because the steam gasification reforming reaction has increased H in the combustible gas
2With the concentration of CO, therefore should the thick matter combustible gas of technology calorific value can be up to 14 ~ 18MJ/Nm
3
In the gas-purification link; Adopt the whirlwind melting furnace to carry out the second pyrolysis gasification of ash content fusion and tar in the combustible gas, carbon granule breakthroughly; Efficiently solve high, the problems such as efficiency of carbon conversion is low, tar blocking pipe of fluidized-bed combustion gas fly ash content, improved the efficiency of carbon conversion and the aerogenesis calorific value of gasifying biomass.Adopt the burning of thick matter combustible gas and oxygen rich gas to be the melting furnace heat supply, need not add complicated heating equipment, practiced thrift cost of investment, improved capacity usage ratio.The at high temperature complete fusion of ash content generates slag, and heavy metal element wherein is present in the slag with compound form, can not pollute environment, and also recyclable utilization is as building and roadbed material.Tar and carbon granule continue pyrolysis gasification under high-temperature reductibility atmosphere, reduced the risk that equipment stops up coking, also solved in the past in the gasification technology carbon granule run off serious, problem that gas deliverability is low.
System is provided with heat exchange unit and recycles the high-temperature combustible gas sensible heat; Adopt suphtr, economizer and hot tube heat exchanger to carry out the heat cascade utilization; Not only realized cooling of combustible gas, also preheating gasify required water vapour and oxygen rich gas, the system capacity utilising efficiency improves.In oxygen enrichment and combustible gas heat transfer process, the security of system has been guaranteed in the blast because combustible gas and oxygen rich gas react easily, so both non-touching hot tube heat exchanger of the utility model employing.At last, adopt sack cleaner and thionizer to carry out the further purifying and dedusting of combustible gas, guaranteed that the cleaning of combustible gas is pure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 produces high heating value combustible gas process flow diagram for the gasifying biomass fusion of the utility model.
Among the figure: fluidized bed gasification reactor 1, material feeder 1-1, blast inlet 1-2, steam inlet 1-3, air compartment 1-4, air distribution plate 1-5, slag-drip opening 1-6, whirlwind melting furnace 2, blast inlet 2-1, slag-drip opening 2-2, suphtr 3, economizer 4, hot tube heat exchanger 5, sack cleaner 6, thionizer 7, compression set 8, gas-holder 9, air separation facility 10.
Biomass material A, oxygen rich gas B, water vapour C, thick matter combustible gas D, end slag E, high-temperature combustible gas F, slag G, feedwater H, dust I, air J, low temperature combustible gas K, purification combustible gas L.
Embodiment
Be elaborated in the face of the utility model technical scheme down, but the protection domain of the utility model is not limited to said embodiment.
Embodiment:The utility model device mainly is made up of fluidized bed gasification reactor 1, whirlwind melting furnace 2, suphtr 3, economizer 4, hot tube heat exchanger 5, sack cleaner 6, thionizer 7, compression set 8, gas-holder 9 and air separation facility 10.
Said fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 is made up of air compartment 1-4 two portions of gasification reaction district and bottom, is provided with air distribution plate 1-5 between said air compartment 1-4 and the gasification reaction district, and the sidewall of said air compartment 1-4 and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet 1-2 and slag-drip opening 1-6; The sidewall in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 is provided with steam inlet 1-3 and material feeder 1-1; The top in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 is connected with the import of said whirlwind melting furnace 2 through pipeline; The sidewall of said whirlwind melting furnace 2 and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet 2-1 and slag-drip opening 2-2; The top exit of said whirlwind melting furnace 2 is connected with hot tube heat exchanger 5 with said suphtr 3, economizer 4 successively; The outlet of said hot tube heat exchanger 5 is connected with gas-holder 9 with said sack cleaner 6, thionizer 7, compression set 8 successively; The outlet of said air separation facility 10 is divided into two branch roads; Article one, branch road is connected with the blast inlet 2-1 of said whirlwind melting furnace 2 through said hot tube heat exchanger 5 backs, and another branch road is connected with the blast inlet 1-2 of said fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 through said hot tube heat exchanger 5 backs; Said economizer 4 is provided with water-in, is connected with the steam inlet 1-3 of said fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 with said suphtr 3 backs through the said economizer 4 of stating successively through inlet channel.
As shown in Figure 1; Biomass material A sends into fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 by material feeder 1-1; Fed by blast inlet 1-2 after the air separation facility 10 isolated oxygen rich gas B preheatings, get into the gasification reaction district through air compartment 1-4 and air distribution plate 1-5, steam inlet 1-3 feeds water vapour C.450 ~ 750 ℃ of fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 temperature, the thick matter combustible gas D that the gasification reformation obtains is delivered to whirlwind melting furnace 2 by fluidized-bed top, and end slag E discharges through slag-drip opening 1-6.Oxygen rich gas B is fed by blast inlet 2-1,1100 ~ 1450 ℃ of whirlwind melting furnace 2 temperature, and thick matter combustible gas removes wherein tar, carbon granule and ash content under hot environment.The slag G that high-temperature fusion produces is discharged by slag-drip opening 2-2, and the high-temperature combustible gas F after the purification is discharged by whirlwind melting furnace 2 tops, the suphtr 3 of flowing through successively, economizer 4 and hot tube heat exchanger 5.Feedwater H gets into suphtr 3 after economizer 4 preheatings, the water vapour C that adds thermogenesis feeds fluidized bed gasification reactor 1.Oxygen rich gas B feeds fluidized bed gasification reactor 1 and whirlwind melting furnace 2 respectively behind heat pipe heat exchanging.Flow through sack cleaner 6 of low temperature combustible gas K after the heat exchange further purifies with thionizer 7, purifies combustible gas L and after compression set 8 compresses, is collected in the gas-holder 9.
As stated, although represented and explained the utility model that with reference to specific preferred embodiment it shall not be construed as the restriction to the utility model self.Under the spirit and scope prerequisite of the utility model that does not break away from the accompanying claims definition, can make various variations in form with on the details to it.
Claims (3)
1. the device that high heating value cleans combustible gas is produced in a gasifying biomass fusion, it is characterized in that: comprise fluidized bed gasification reactor (1), whirlwind melting furnace (2), suphtr (3), economizer (4), hot tube heat exchanger (5), sack cleaner (6), thionizer (7), compression set (8) and gas-holder (9);
Said fluidized bed gasification reactor (1) is made up of air compartment (1-4) two portions of gasification reaction district and bottom; Be provided with air distribution plate (1-5) between said air compartment (1-4) and the gasification reaction district, the sidewall of said air compartment (1-4) and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet (1-2) and slag-drip opening (1-6); The sidewall in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor (1) is provided with steam inlet (1-3) and material feeder (1-1); The top in the gasification reaction district of said fluidized bed gasification reactor (1) is connected with the import of said whirlwind melting furnace (2) through pipeline;
The sidewall of said whirlwind melting furnace (2) and bottom are respectively arranged with blast inlet (2-1) and slag-drip opening (2-2); The top exit of said whirlwind melting furnace (2) is connected with said suphtr (3), economizer (4) and hot tube heat exchanger (5) successively;
The outlet of said hot tube heat exchanger (5) is connected with said fly-ash separator (6), thionizer (7), compression set (8) and gas-holder (9) successively.
2. the device of high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in gasifying biomass fusion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: also comprise air separation facility (10); The outlet of said air separation facility (10) is divided into two branch roads; Article one, branch road is connected with the blast inlet (2-1) of said whirlwind melting furnace (2) through said hot tube heat exchanger (5) back, and another branch road is connected with the blast inlet (1-2) of said fluidized bed gasification reactor (1) through said hot tube heat exchanger (5) back.
3. the device of high heating value cleaning combustible gas is produced in gasifying biomass fusion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said economizer (4) is provided with water-in, is connected with the steam inlet (1-3) of said fluidized bed gasification reactor (1) with said suphtr (3) back through the said economizer (4) of stating successively through inlet channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011205075097U CN202390394U (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2011-12-08 | Device for gasifying and melting biomass to prepare flammable gas with high calorific value |
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| CN2011205075097U CN202390394U (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2011-12-08 | Device for gasifying and melting biomass to prepare flammable gas with high calorific value |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102517089A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 东南大学 | Device and method for preparing high-calorific value combustible gas through biomass gasification and melting |
| CN109847459A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of heat chemistry heat reservoir and method using fluid mapper process |
-
2011
- 2011-12-08 CN CN2011205075097U patent/CN202390394U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102517089A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 东南大学 | Device and method for preparing high-calorific value combustible gas through biomass gasification and melting |
| CN102517089B (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-07-10 | 东南大学 | Device and method for preparing high-calorific value combustible gas through biomass gasification and melting |
| CN109847459A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of heat chemistry heat reservoir and method using fluid mapper process |
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