CN202114746U - 连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置 - Google Patents

连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置 Download PDF

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CN202114746U
CN202114746U CN2011201002311U CN201120100231U CN202114746U CN 202114746 U CN202114746 U CN 202114746U CN 2011201002311 U CN2011201002311 U CN 2011201002311U CN 201120100231 U CN201120100231 U CN 201120100231U CN 202114746 U CN202114746 U CN 202114746U
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cutting device
continuous
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蒋鼎丰
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Fujian Haiyuan Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/14—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter
    • B26D1/24—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter coacting with another disc cutter
    • B26D1/245—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a circular cutting member, e.g. disc cutter coacting with another disc cutter for thin material, e.g. for sheets, strips or the like
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/286—Raw material dosing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/287—Raw material pre-treatment while feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/06—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form
    • B26D7/0683—Arrangements for feeding or delivering work of other than sheet, web, or filamentary form specially adapted for elongated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92638—Length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92828—Raw material handling or dosing, e.g. active hopper or feeding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92838—Raw material pre-treatment, e.g. drying or cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles

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Abstract

本实用新型涉及连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，切断装置设在连续纤维的进料方向上，为旋转滚刀式切断机，并由外接伺服电机精确调整旋转滚刀式切断机的转速，进行纤维计量，切断后的短切纤维进入挤出机进料口。优点是：挤出机混配工艺只负责纤维的长度保持和纤维分布均匀，螺杆调整更为简单；因纤维加入计量与螺杆转速无关，更易使螺杆转速满足混配和挤出的最佳工艺要求；预定长切断纤维经预热再与熔体混配较连续纤维更容易在熔体中分散，熔体对纤维的浸润更好；连续纤维定长切断装置在挤出机外设置，便于及时发现刀具磨损和磨损刀具的替换，设备维修保养更为方便。

Description

连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及复合材料加工领域，为纤维增强型的热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，尤其涉及一种连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置。 
背景技术
LFT（Long Fiber reinforced Thermoplastics），即长纤维增强热塑性材料，所谓的长纤维是与普通纤维增强热塑性材料中所用的纤维相比较而言的。通常情况下，纤维增强热塑性材料中的纤维长度为小于1毫米，而在LFT中，纤维的长度一般大于2毫米，甚至于能够将LFT中的纤维长度保持在5毫米以上。 
LFT-D-ILC称为长纤维增强热塑性材料直接在线混配工艺技术（Long Fiber reinforced Thermoplastics－Direct processing－In Line Compounding）。LFT在汽车中的应用呈迅速增长的趋势，除了经济上的吸引力，它们的主要优势是材料可以在其中配混的灵活性。连续可变的纤维含量、不同类型的纤维，再加上工程塑料，打开了潜在的应用领域。 
这种直接在线纤维混配***集成在成型工艺中，常见是采用二阶螺杆挤出机，即由两台螺杆挤出机协同运行完成挤出成型工艺。 
热塑性塑料粒料或粉料及其他助剂先从第一阶螺杆挤出机的料斗加入，通过螺杆进行塑化，塑化后的熔融聚合物从第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模处挤出，进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口。 
纤维在进入挤出机进料口进行混配之前，通常需对纤维进行加热，一般需将加捻的连续纤维用拨叉铺展开来，然后经过加热设备的连续几道热辊升温，然后被卷进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口。 
经第二阶挤出机剪切、混配挤出的模塑料被输送到压制（或注射）成型设备中，由此设备完成LFT-D-ECM或者LFT-D-IM工艺的成型工作。 
另外，对纤维还必须进行计量，以确保与熔融聚合物混配的纤维量精确可控。纤维的长度控制和含量计量通常依靠双螺杆挤出机内的螺杆剪断和调整挤出机的转速来达到目的，但这种设计存在以下不足： 
一是螺杆剪断的缺点是很难精确控制纤维切断的长度且不容易使纤维保持较好的长度百分比，另外剪断螺杆长期使用后刃口变钝不易被发现会影响产品质量且螺杆调换比较困难；二是调整挤出机螺杆的转速虽然可以计量纤维的加入量但会影响螺杆挤出机工艺参数很难兼顾纤维加入量和最佳挤出工艺参数之间的关系。
发明内容
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，可对连续纤维进行切断并精确计量。 
本实用新型解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，其中，所述的切断装置设在连续纤维的进料方向上，为旋转滚刀式切断机，并由外接伺服电机精确调整旋转滚刀式切断机的转速，切断后的定长短切纤维进入挤出机进料口。 
本实用新型采用旋转滚刀式切断机在挤出机外先行对连续纤维进行定长切断并通过调整高精度伺服电机的转速来对纤维含量进行精确计量，然后进入挤出机的进料口与熔体混配。 
伺服电动机又称执行电动机，在自动控制***中，用作执行元件，把所收到的电信号转换成电动机轴上的角位移或角速度输出。伺服主要靠脉冲来定位，由于伺服电机本身具备发出脉冲的功能，每旋转一个角度都会发出对应数量的脉冲，就能够很精确的控制电机的转动，从而实现精确的定位。 
本实用新型装置计量部分一改传统称量计量方法，采用控制刀辊转速来进行计量，为提高精度动力电机采用伺服电机，使计量精度大大提高。 
在上述方案的基础上，所述的伺服电机通过变速箱带动旋转滚刀式切断机旋转。 
在上述方案的基础上，自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体及切割形成的定长短切纤维均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口，所述的切断装置设在该进料口处的拔风整流预热下料管道的上方，所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与拔风整流预热下料管道相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热，包括第一阶螺杆挤出机挤出熔体的散发余热和第二阶螺杆挤出机进料口筒体的散发余热，均排入该下料管道内。 
装置置于第二阶挤出机进料口上端，定长切断纤维通过定制的拨风整流预热下料管道直接进入进料口节省了传统振动式计量进料装置，投资更少。 
本实用新型的有益效果是： 
1、纤维长度是预先人为定长控制的，既确保了纤维的最大长度，又有利于制品在模压过程中的流动性；
2、去除了挤出机螺杆玻纤剪断的功能后，使挤出机混配工艺只负责纤维的长度保持和纤维分布均匀，螺杆功能调整目的性更为明确，螺杆调整更为简单；
3、因纤维加入计量与螺杆转速无关，更易使螺杆转速满足混配和挤出的最佳工艺要求；
4、预定长切断纤维经预热再与熔体混配较连续纤维更容易在熔体中分散，熔体对纤维的浸润更好；
5、连续纤维定长切断装置在挤出机外设置，便于及时发现刀具磨损和磨损刀具的替换，设备维修保养更为方便。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的主视结构示意图。 
图2为本实用新型的侧视结构示意图。 
附图中标号说明 
1－连续纤维      2－旋转滚刀式切断机      3－下料管道
4－短切纤维      5－螺杆                  6－伺服电机
7－变速箱        8－第二阶螺杆挤出机      9－熔体。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1为本实用新型的主视结构示意图和图2为本实用新型的侧视结构示意图所示，一种连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，其中，所述的切断装置设在连续纤维1的进料方向上，为旋转滚刀式切断机2，并由外接伺服电机6及变速箱7调整旋转滚刀式切断机的转速。 
自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体9及切割形成的短切纤维4均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机8的进料口，由螺杆5进行混配挤出，所述的切断装置设在该进料口处的拔风整流预热下料管道3的上方，所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与拔风整流预热下料管道3相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热，包括第一阶螺杆挤出机挤出熔体9的散发余热和第二阶螺杆挤出机8进料口筒体的散发余热，均排入该下料管道3内。 

Claims (3)

1.一种连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，其特征在于：所述的切断装置设在连续纤维的进料方向上，为旋转滚刀式切断机，并由外接伺服电机精确调整旋转滚刀式切断机的转速，进行纤维计量，切断后的定长短切纤维进入挤出机进料口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，其特征在于：所述的伺服电机通过变速箱驱动旋转滚刀式切断机旋转，通过调节转速进行纤维精确计量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的连续精确计量的连续纤维定长切断装置，其特征在于：自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体及切断形成的定长短切纤维均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口，所述的切断装置设在该进料口处的拔风整流预热下料管道的上方，所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与拔风整流预热下料管道相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热排入该下料管道内。
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