CN202004583U - Two-speed motor for electric control variable-speed electric vehicle - Google Patents

Two-speed motor for electric control variable-speed electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202004583U
CN202004583U CN2010202237004U CN201020223700U CN202004583U CN 202004583 U CN202004583 U CN 202004583U CN 2010202237004 U CN2010202237004 U CN 2010202237004U CN 201020223700 U CN201020223700 U CN 201020223700U CN 202004583 U CN202004583 U CN 202004583U
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Prior art keywords
way clutch
speed
motor
driving member
ratchet
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朱正风
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SHENZHEN CITY XZMMAX TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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SHENZHEN CITY XZMMAX TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/64Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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Abstract

The utility model relates to a two-speed motor for an electric control variable-speed electric vehicle. The two-speed motor comprises a motor, a shaft, a bearing, a shell, and a motor rotor, wherein the outputs of the motor rotor are in driving connection with a forward driving chain and a reverse driving chain respectively, and a forward driving member and a reverse driving member of the output ends of the forward driving chain and the reverse driving chain are in the driving connection with an output driving member via a one-way clutch. The two-speed motor is characterized in that the one-way clutch between the reverse driving member and the output driving member is a controllable one-way clutch; the forward driving member passes by the one-way clutch and is driven to a transition sleeve, a circumferential direction gap is arranged between the transition sleeve and the coaxial output driving member, a stop block is arranged in the circumferential direction gap and fixed at one of the two sides, and the transition sleeve is in linkage with an attaching driving mechanism, which can drive the controllable one-way clutch for action. With the help of the attaching driving mechanism, the two-speed motor controls the other one-way clutch, cuts off driving, generates interlock, eliminates selflock, and realizes vehicle reversing.

Description

A kind of two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile
Technical field:
The utility model belongs to dynamo-electric field, and particularly a kind of electric vehicle motor is the improvement of " gearbox motor that utilizes motor forward and backward speed change ", especially a kind of novel automatically controlled gear shift electric motor car double-speed motor scheme.
Background technology:
Because of structure is light and handy, simple, the transmission efficiency height, installation, arrangement convenience, wheel hub motor has become the main flow of driving motor of electric vehicle.Existing wheel hub motor generally has slowspeed machine directly to drive and the built-in reduction box driving of middle and high speed motor two big classes, generally is called and directly drives low speed wheel hub motor and middle and high fast wheel hub motor.Owing to have only very little one section peak efficiency interval, above motor all is single-speed motor again.
With technical development, the wheel hub motor of band reduction box has overcome problems such as gear noise, wearing and tearing, maintenance, cost height, series of advantages such as little, in light weight with its incomparable volume, that reserve capacity is big, its use amount constantly rises, and the development tendency that progressively replaces the low speed wheel hub motor is arranged.
There is the wide inadequately and strong inadequately problem of climbing capacity of high efficiency range in existing electric motor car single speed deceleration box wheel Grains motor in electric speed regulation process.If reduction box is changed into gearbox, can make several best efficiency points artificially, make motor be operated in high efficient area always, energy-conservation and raising electric motor car mileages of continuation there are very big benefit.At present on electric motor car market, invented and utilized positive and negative electronic control type two-speed transmission wheel hub motor (" utilizing motor just; the double speed wheel hub electric motor of electric vehicle of the counter-rotating speed change " patent No.: CN200720002042.4) that transfers speed change of motor, the speed change of this double-speed motor is used automatically controlled fully, simple to operate, control easily, can automatic speed regulation, cost is low, reliability is high.But this motor has just been created and has just been found to move backward implementation.Though during the motor forward and backward, have only a transmission to be connected by unidirectional clutch respectively, in motor when counter-rotating then output shaft falls back, the transmission of two different drive ratios of forward and backward is all chosen by unidirectional clutch, remains connection, produces self-locking.In other occasions, the self-locking that falls back has benefit, but aspect electric motor car, passive falling back is a kind of necessary function.For solving the self-locking problem, a lot of schemes have been proposed, as lever reversing release mechanism, stay-supported reversing release mechanism, electromagnetic type reversing release mechanism etc.The common denominator of these reversing release mechanisms is to cut off wherein driving-chain with mechanical system, eliminate self-locking, but this makes transmission mechanism complicated.
Double speed low speed wheel hub motor basic scheme such as Fig. 1 of existing typical N GW type planet circular system on common low speed wheel hub motor basis, mainly are to have increased a cover NGW type planetary reduction gear and two cover one-way clutch.Two one-way clutch all are contained in the transmission outgoing position, are two tunnel inputs, synthetic one road export structure.
When motor was just changeing, the forward driving member in the forward driving-chain was connected the output driving member as figure the right high-speed clutch ratchet 6.2 automatically through clutch, and the output of rotor 1 is by just changeing with the fastening clutch base 6 direct drive hubs of wheel hub.Rotor also drives centre wheel 5 is at this moment just being changeed, because pivoted arm is fixed, just counter-rotating of planetary gear 3, drive and reverse after ring gear 4 slows down, and return motion passed to reverse drive part in the reverse drive chain, as the low-speed clutch ratchet 6.1 on the figure left side, clutch automatic disconnection and output driving member drive connection.Because two cover one-way clutch all can only transmit the motion that wheel hub is just being changeed, and disconnect the transmission of return motion, so the reverse drive chain after slowing down is cut off.When motor was just changeing, directly drive hub was with speed, just change in the same way.
In like manner, during the motor counter-rotating, the work of reverse drive chain, the right high speed one-way clutch ratchet 6.2 is obstructed, and left side low speed one-way clutch ratchet 6.1 is connected; Motion after deceleration is also reverse, being passed to left side low speed one-way clutch drive hub from ring gear 4 is just changeing retarded motion, realizes the motor counter-rotating, and its speed ratio is determined by the gear ratio of ring gear 4 and centre wheel 5.
This scheme of Fig. 1, transmission efficiency height during high speed, driving moment is double during low speed, and very desirable result of use is arranged; Have a power failure when sliding, compare with the general straight low speed wheel hub motor that drives, advance resistance declines to a great extent, and can directly ride with manpower.But when affecting vehicle to fall back, run into Shu Chu Lun Valley reversing, two one-way clutch are connected simultaneously, and two driving-chains are worked simultaneously, cause mechanism's self-locking, and the problem that can't retreat is made troubles to the user.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this utility model is intended to improve the existing deficiency of utilizing the electronic control type double speed variable speed electric motors, particularly of motor forward and backward speed change, provide a kind of the utilization to adorn a cover interlock on the driving-chain relatively between another driving-chain, but reach the two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile of electric motor car rewind function.
Technical solutions of the utility model are achieved in that a kind of two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile, comprise motor, axle, bearing, housing, rotor output is in transmission connection with forward and reverse driving-chain respectively, the forward driving member of forward and reverse driving-chain output and reverse drive part are in transmission connection through one-way clutch and output driving member, it is characterized in that: the one-way clutch between reverse drive part and output driving member is controlled one-way clutch; Spacer shell is given in the transmission behind one-way clutch of forward driving member, has one between spacer shell and coaxial output driving member
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439394400021
To breach, circumferentially be provided with a block in the breach, this block be fixed on both one of side, breach and block add idle running mechanism common the composition; Spacer shell produces additional movement under the effect of additional idle running mechanism, interlock one additional transmission mechanism, and this additional transmission mechanism can promote controlled one-way clutch action, cuts off the transmission of controlled one-way clutch.The forward driving member drives spacer shell and rotates an idle running, and mat should be controlled another driving-chain by additional transmission mechanism, realized the purpose of two cover driving-chain interlockings.
Described one-way clutch and controlled one-way clutch are the structure of selecting of steel ball friction-type, roller friction-type, needle roller friction-type, distortion cover, distortion disc type, contract piece formula or ratchet-type.
Described additional transmission mechanism is the structure of selecting of lever, hydraulic pressure, steel ball, screw thread, shift fork, cam or inclined-plane driving member.At different clutches, select different additional transmission mechanisms, be combined into different interlocking actuators, in the hope of reaching optimal scheme.
Described circumferential breach is filled with bolster in the stressed side of block, and perhaps elastic component selects a structure.
The utility model reasonable in design, simple in structure, cost is low, realization is easy, reliability is high.The double speed electric wheel hub is rare on the market at present a kind of wheel hub, and is also good more than existing wheel hub on performance.It is transformed on the basis of original electric wheel hub, increased low speed speed change level, electric wheel hub can be used in the peak efficiency interval, and speed is transformed into moment of torsion effectively, keeping under the high efficiency prerequisite, strengthened climbing capacity exponentially, improved the power performance of electric motor car widely, maximum characteristics promptly are the functions that has realized reversing.The utility model is especially on the electric motor car product, very big practical value is arranged, this scheme not only can be applicable on electric bicycle, the battery-operated motor cycle wheel hub motor, after change shell shape and the size, can be used as the drive motors of various electro-tricycles, carriage too.
Description of drawings:
Be example with the most frequently used wheel hub motor below, the utility model be described further in conjunction with concrete legend:
The double speed low speed wheel hub motor basic scheme of Fig. 1 typical N GW type planet circular system
The double speed low speed wheel hub motor improvement project of Fig. 2 NGW type planet circular system
The front view of Fig. 3 freewheel clutch
The A-A cutaway view of Fig. 4 freewheel clutch
The B-B cutaway view of Fig. 5 freewheel clutch
Fig. 6 NW type planet circular system double speed high speed wheel hub motor new departure
The clutch pack front view of Fig. 7 NW type
The clutch pack cutaway view of Fig. 8 NW type
The another kind of additional cushion of Fig. 9, transmission mechanism
Figure 10 roller clutch front view
Figure 11 roller clutch C-C cutaway view
Wherein
1-rotor 2-motor stator 3-planetary gear
4-ring gear 4.2-high speed output gear 5-centre wheel
6-clutch base 6.1-low speed ratchet 6.2-high speed ratchet
7-pawl base 7.1-low speed wheel 7.2-takes turns at a high speed
7.3-spacer shell 8-cam 8.1-shift fork
8.2-the controlled ratchet 9.1-of shifting part 9-roller
9.2-spring 10-elastic buffering pad 11-ratchet
12-block 13-ratchet spring 14-back-moving spring
The controlled ratchet spring of 15-
Embodiment:
Embodiment one: the improvement project of the double speed low speed wheel hub motor of N6W type planet circular system
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, one-way clutch claims freewheel clutch again, and multiple structure is arranged, and for the sake of simplicity, getting Ratcheting one-way clutch is example.Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 take out two one-way clutch groups among Fig. 2, are described specially, and wherein Fig. 3 is a front view, and Fig. 4 is the A-A profile, and Fig. 5 is the B-B profile.In order to narrate unification, suppose that the forward driving-chain is the high speed transmission, the reverse drive chain is the low speed transmission.Among the figure, the high speed transmission also is the forward driving member by 6.2 inputs of high speed ratchet, and the low speed transmission also is the reverse drive part by 6.1 inputs of low speed ratchet; Clutch base 6 is also promptly exported driving member as the output of drive of motor, directly connects by screw threads for fastening with wheel hub.Clutch base 6 is again the input of wheel movement when vehicle backing and hypervelocity.
When motor was just changeing, Motion Transmission was given high speed ratchet 6.2, then promoted by the ratchet 11 of spring 13 jack-up, and drive pawl base 7 and rotate, also be described spacer shell, the inner ring of this pawl base 7 is jagged, also is
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439394400041
To breach, elastic buffering pad 10 is housed on it, after one section idle running, this elastic buffering pad 10 just contacts with block 12 on the clutch base 6, promotes clutch base 6 output movements again.Utilize the additional movement that its idle running produces in the engaging process, the additional transmission mechanism that is equipped with on the pawl base 7---cam 8 is depressed the controlled ratchet of installing on the clutch base 69, has cut off whole transmissions of low speed one-way clutch.Otherwise,
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439394400042
Be opened in clutch base 6 one sides to breach, and block 12 is fixed on pawl base 7 one sides, can reach effects equivalent.
During the motor counter-rotating, oppositely drive high speed ratchet 6.2 and rotate, drive ratchet H by frictional force, affect pawl base 7 relative clutch base 6 counter motions, cam 8 is decontroled controlled ratchet 9, and under the effect of another spring 13, controlled ratchet 9 recovers normal function; This moment, the low speed ratchet 6.1 that moves through through deceleration and was oppositely imported, and drove clutch base 6 by controlled ratchet 9 and exported low-speed motions.
When vehicle slided, two one-way clutch all skidded, and did not transmit motion.
When vehicle was pushed reversing, return motion was from 6 inputs of one-way clutch seat, the inverse process that similar motor is just changeing, cut off the reverse drive chain by the additional movement that idle running produces, upside-down motion only can be passed to rotor by the high speed ratchet, and dragging motor idle running can not constitute self-locking.
This structure with improve before compare, not only solve the self-locking problem that falls back, and at vehicle during the top gear operation of normal use, eliminated 6.1 counter-rotatings of low speed ratchet and produced the problem of friction, collision each other with controlled ratchet 9, clutch base 6 and spring 13, both reduced wear, reduce noise again, also improved overall efficiency.During gear shift, because the effect of cushion pad, impact, vibrations, noise that low speed switches when going high speed decline to a great extent in the driving process, also effectively prolong the life-span of clutch.When falling back, because cut-out is the low speed driving-chain, the common reduction box motor of reversing resistance ratios that causes owing to the motor magnetic damping is little.
Further implement: other structure of double speed low speed wheel hub motor improvement project-
Pawl base 7 in the above-mentioned representative instance, elastic buffering pad 10, block 12 and clutch base 6 have been formed additional idle running mechanism jointly; Be contained in cam 8 and controlled ratchet 9 on the pawl base 7, add transmission mechanism common the composition; Controlled ratchet 9, low speed ratchet 6.1 and the controlled one-way clutch of clutch base 6 common compositions.This three cover mechanism and mutual relation thereof are marrow of the present utility model, concrete each mechanism is changed be not difficult on this basis, because can there be numerous combination in this each mechanism.
Can also be the variable volume structure or pawl base and clutch base are connected into such as additional idle running mechanism, even available elastomeric material be made into one by difformity by elastomeric material; The formation of additional transmission mechanism is just more, as using lever transmission, hydraulic drive, steel ball transmission, screw thread transmission, inclined-plane transmission etc. instead; Controlled one-way clutch also can be selected steel ball friction-type, roller friction-type, needle roller friction-type, distortion cover, distortion dish-type, contract piece formula or the like for use.Various changes mainly are will be according to technology custom, ability and alap cost separately, the supporting level of relevant enterprise etc.
Embodiment two: NW type planet circular system double speed high speed wheel hub motor new departure
The transmission mechanism of Fig. 6 is based on NW type planet circular system, comprise centre wheel 5, the compound planet gear 3 of motor output, the ring gear 4 of low speed output, increases a high speed output gear 4.2 compositions.Two one-way clutch are contained on the clutch base 6 jointly, and clutch base 6 is fastened on the right end cap.The transmission direction of high speed one-way clutch ratchet 6.2, ratchet 11 has become as different from Example 1, and its principle is identical.
With reference to Fig. 6, high-speed electric expreess locomotive stator 2 is fixed on the bolster, rotor 1 is given compound planet gear 3 Motion Transmission by centre wheel 5, pass to ring gear 4 and high speed output gear 4.2 after the deceleration more simultaneously, obtain two switched in opposite, the different output of rotating speed, also be forward driving-chain and reverse drive chain, wherein ring gear 4 is the reverse drive part, and high speed output gear 4.2 is the forward driving member.Two one-way clutch, wherein low speed ratchet 6.1 is fastening with ring gear 4, and high speed output gear 4.2 becomes one with the pawl base 7 of ratchet 11.When motor was just changeing, controlled ratchet 9 disconnected transmission with low speed ratchet 6.1, and ratchet 11 and 6.2 combinations of high speed ratchet are by wheel hub output high speed torque; During the motor counter-rotating, ratchet 11 and high speed ratchet 6.2 are reverse, do not transmit motion, and controlled ratchet 9 combines with low speed ratchet 6.1, by wheel hub output low speed torque.
Further describe according to legend below.
Fig. 7 is the enlarged drawing of two one-way clutch among Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 is the left view of Fig. 7.When motor begins just to change, pawl base 7 (among Fig. 8 counterclockwise rotation to) is passed in the rotation of high speed output gear 4.2, ratchet 11 lifts under the effect of ratchet spring 13, promote high speed ratchet 6.2, this structure high speed ratchet 6.2 is a spacer shell, and clutch base 6 is the output driving member, by being inserted in several blocks 12 on the high speed ratchet 6.2, say that exactly this block 12 is pins, cross the breach buffering idle running of clutch base 6, also be
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439394400061
To breach, be pressed on the cushion pad 10, pass to clutch base 6 output high speed rotating again; Block 12 also promotes shift fork 8.1 simultaneously, also promptly adds transmission mechanism, overcomes the pulling force of back-moving spring 14, rotate relative to clutch base 6, hold up the controlled ratchet 9 that is installed on the clutch base 6, make its pawl point leave low speed ratchet 6.1, cut off low-speed clutch, low speed ratchet 6.1 oppositely dallies.When motor commutation is counter-rotating, high speed pawl base 7 counter-rotatings (clockwise among Fig. 8), ratchet 11 skids and mistake on high speed ratchet 6.2 teeth, the high speed one-way clutch is transferring power not, and shift fork 8.1 is under back-moving spring 14 effects, and clutch base 6 is return clockwise relatively, controlled ratchet 9 is under the effect of controlled ratchet bullet ring 15, the pawl point outwards opens, and withdraws from slave mode, shown in the double dot dash line of Fig. 8 the latter half; Low speed ratchet 6.1 is just changeing, and promotes ratchet 9 clockwise, exports by low-speed clutch slowly running.
By top description as seen, as long as in a single day the high speed one-way clutch enters engagement state, because high speed ratchet 6.2, block 12 and clutch base 6
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439394400062
In the additional idle running mechanism that breach is formed, do additional movement, the additional transmission mechanism that this motion is formed through block 12, shift fork 8 transmits additional movement, this additional movement puts on the controlled one-way clutch of being made up of controlled ratchet 9, clutch base 6, ratchet spring 15, low speed ratchet 6.1, form a kind of interlocking, guarantee that under any state two one-way clutch can only have a connection.Like this, owing to fall back when carrying out, two one-way clutch can only allow the high speed one-way clutch connect, and the low speed one-way clutch is in controlled dissengaged positions, the self-locking problem when having avoided electric motor car to fall back artificial carrying out.
Fig. 9 is another kind of additional cushion mechanism, and is basic identical with Fig. 8 principle, just substituted the block 12 among Fig. 8 with the block 12 with high speed ratchet 6.2 one, and 12 of shift fork 8 and blocks tighten together with screw.
Embodiment three: the example that adopts roller clutch
With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11, this example is the utilization scheme of typical roller clutch, comprise low speed wheel 7.1, take turns 7.2 (corresponding low speed ratchet 6.1, high speed ratchets 6.2 respectively), clutch base 6 and spacer shell 7.3 at a high speed, clutch is a roller 9.1, additional springs 9.2, additional transmission mechanism comprises inclined-plane, the shifting part 8.2 of spacer shell 7.3 upper edge peripheral surface, this shifting part 8.2 is made up of the dynamic push rod, ball and the tappet that are installed in clutch base 6 slotted eyes, push rod can be conflicted and roller 9.1, realizes controlled purpose.
When motor is just changeing driving, when spacer shell 7.3 relatively rotates with clutch base 6, the inclined-plane drives shifting part 8 vertically, the mat push rod promotes several transmission balls, turn over curved after, last transmission ball is radial push cylinder tappet again, the gap was than general orientation on the left of tappet was shifted onto the roller 9.1 of clutch among Figure 11 along counter-clockwise direction, ended the transmission of low speed one-way clutch, reached controlled effect, realized the interlock function of high speed the low speed transmission.
Find out that from above embodiment high speed one-way clutch available general any mono-directional overrun clutch fully substitutes; The controlled one-way clutch of low speed is the clutch of available other pattern also, and just control mode, the kind of drive will be made appropriate change.Controlled one-way clutch is installed in low speed driving-chain one side in the above example, in like manner, also can be installed in high speed driving-chain one side.Concrete structure is an example with embodiment one, as long as two one-way clutch groups shown in Figure 3 (one of them is controlled one-way clutch) are overturn about on the drawing, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are constant, the location swap of just common one-way clutch and controlled one-way clutch and additional idle running mechanism thereof, additional transmission mechanism once, other relevant location, coupling mechanism is corresponding adjusts, reaches the interlocking controlling party and gets final product to exchanging effect.
Though this scheme is example with the wheel hub motor, but be not limited to wheel hub motor, also can be integral with design of electrical motor, the realization motor positive and inverse is controlled double speed output mechanism in the same way, not only can be used for the two-wheel electric vehicle, after suitably shell, driving member being changed, become that shell is fixed, axle rotation export structure, equally applicable to other three-wheel, four-wheel electric vehicle and electric automobile etc.
Forward driving-chain described in the utility model and reverse drive chain, just in order to express definition easily, forward and oppositely just comparatively speaking wherein, can define clockwise direction is forward, also can define counter-clockwise direction is forward; Perhaps consistent with vehicle forward direction is forward, and reverse direction is oppositely, vice versa.

Claims (4)

1. two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile, comprise motor, axle, bearing, housing, rotor output is in transmission connection with forward and reverse driving-chain respectively, the forward driving member of forward and reverse driving-chain output and reverse drive part are in transmission connection through one-way clutch and output driving member, it is characterized in that: the one-way clutch between reverse drive part and output driving member is controlled one-way clutch; Spacer shell is given in the transmission behind one-way clutch of forward driving member, has a circumferential breach between spacer shell and coaxial output driving member, circumferentially is provided with a block in the breach, this block be fixed on both one of side, breach and block composition jointly add idle running mechanism; Spacer shell produces additional movement under the effect of additional idle running mechanism, interlock one additional transmission mechanism, and this additional transmission mechanism can promote controlled one-way clutch action, cuts off the transmission of controlled one-way clutch.
2. a kind of two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: controlled one-way clutch is the structure of selecting of friction-type, Wedge-type or ratchet-type.
3. a kind of two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: additional transmission mechanism is the structure of selecting of lever, hydraulic pressure, steel ball, screw thread, shift fork, cam or inclined-plane driving member.
4. a kind of two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile according to claim 1 is characterized in that: circumferentially breach is filled with bolster in the stressed side of block, and perhaps elastic component selects a structure.
CN2010202237004U 2010-06-11 2010-06-11 Two-speed motor for electric control variable-speed electric vehicle Expired - Fee Related CN202004583U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101895171A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-24 深圳市琛玛华夏科技有限公司 Two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile
CN110649759A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-03 安徽合力股份有限公司 Double-output-shaft motor control system and control method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101895171A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-11-24 深圳市琛玛华夏科技有限公司 Two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile
CN101895171B (en) * 2010-06-11 2015-05-20 深圳市琛玛华夏科技有限公司 Two-speed motor for electric control variable speed electromobile
CN110649759A (en) * 2019-09-27 2020-01-03 安徽合力股份有限公司 Double-output-shaft motor control system and control method thereof

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