CN201946703U

CN201946703U - Vacuum anti-explosion lithium ion battery

Info

Publication number: CN201946703U
Application number: CN2011200664432U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 余建岳
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-03-15
Filing date: 2011-03-15
Publication date: 2011-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2021-03-15

Abstract

The utility model provides a vacuum anti-explosion lithium ion battery which comprises a casing with a cavity, a casing cover with extending ends, electrolyte arranged inside the cavity of the casing, positive poles and negative poles which are superposed mutually and diaphragms between the positive poles and the negative poles. The vacuum anti-explosion lithium ion battery is characterized in that through holes which are provided with a vacuum tube connected with a vacuum set are arranged on the casing, and temperature controlling tubes which penetrate through the through holes on the casing to be connected with a temperature controlling set are arranged inside the cavity of the casing. The lithium ion battery is enabled to work throughout in vacuum and at a controllable temperature, thereby effectively preventing lithium precipitated during working process of the battery from contacting with oxygen and the electrolyte to burn, simultaneously effectively avoiding temperature rising caused by various reasons, and fundamentally eliminating security troubles of explosion and burning caused by the temperature rising and oxidation. By setting conductive current collecting bodies on two relative sides of the positive poles and the negative poles, the battery can realize bidirectional current collecting of the positive poles and the negative poles so as to balance charging current and discharging current, prolong service life of the battery and improve performance of the battery.

Description

The explosion-proof lithium ion battery of a kind of vacuum

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, relates in particular to the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of a kind of vacuum, belongs to the power battery technology field.

Background technology

Lithium ion battery is that a kind of energy density is big, the average output voltage height, power output is big, and self discharge is little, memory-less effect, operating temperature range wide (being-20 ℃～60 ℃), cycle performance is superior, but fast charging and discharging, and charge efficiency is up to more than 99%, long service life does not contain the green battery of poisonous harmful substance.It is to do negative pole with carbon materials, does positive pole with the compound that contains lithium, and rely on that lithium ion round between positive and negative electrode takes off, embedding, finishes battery charge and discharge work.Promptly when battery was charged, lithium ion was deviate from from the positive pole of battery, inserted negative pole through electrolyte.Because the negative pole of battery is the material with carbon element that is layer structure, a lot of micropores is arranged on it, thereby the lithium ion from positive pole is inserted in the micropore of carbon-coating, the lithium ion of insertion is many more, and charging capacity is high more.Equally, when battery being discharged (being the process that people use battery), be inserted in lithium ion in the negative pole carbon-coating micropore and take off slottingly, return again through electrolyte and to embed anodally, return that to embed anodal lithium ion many more, discharge capacity is high more.

Existing lithium ion battery comprises shells such as columniform steel, aluminium, nickel-clad iron and aluminium, plastics, and the block on the shell (also being the both positive and negative polarity exit of battery), contain the organic electrolyte in shell, place positive pole, negative pole and the barrier film between them of electrolyte.Wherein, positive pole is to make sheet, the electrolysis aluminium foil of the conductive current collector used thickness 10--20 micron on it with active material such as LiMn2O4, cobalt acid lithium, nickle cobalt lithium manganate or LiFePO4; Negative pole is to make sheet, the electrolytic copper foil of the conductive current collector used thickness 7-15 micron on it with the carbon of active material such as graphite, approximate graphite-structure; Barrier film is a composite membrane, and its effect is when isolating battery plus-negative plate, allows lithium ion to pass through, and the insulation electronics; Organic electrolyte comprises carbonates solvent and the gluey electrolyte of polymer that wherein is dissolved with lithium hexafluoro phosphate.

But there is serious potential safety hazard in existing lithium ion battery because of following defective, that is: in charge and discharge process, can form dendrite because of the precipitating metal lithium, and then pierce through barrier film, cause internal short-circuit, in case and short circuit will produce super-high-current, cause that temperature sharply rises, thereby cause the oxidized and reduction of low-flash, low boiling carbonic ester in the electrolyte, and produce a large amount of gases and more thermal energy, when these gases can not in time discharge, inner pressure of battery is sharply risen and set off an explosion; For using the gluey electrolytical lithium ion battery of polymer, also can Yin Wendu raise and more fierce burning takes place; In addition,, burn and the electrolyte that ignites at once, strong flame takes place and make the gas rapid expansion, set off an explosion when the lithium metal of separating out directly contacts with air.In addition, lithium ion battery is when high and low temperature, and performance also can be subjected to very big influence.

Although existing lithium ion battery all is provided with and followingly overcharges, cross and protective measure such as put: the one, adopt switch element, the resistance of utilizing switch element is stopped power supply automatically with the characteristic that temperature rises and increases; The 2nd, select suitable separator material, make micron order micropore on the dividing plate when temperature rises to set point, can dissolve automatically, thereby passing through of blocking-up lithium ion stops the reaction of inside battery; The 3rd, safety valve (being exactly the air vent at battery top) is set, when cell internal pressure rose to set point, safety valve was opened the venting release automatically, too much deformation took place to prevent the inside battery gas build, finally caused the housing explosion.But its potential safety hazard still can't be avoided.Especially for using high power capacity, the high-power drive pond in energy-accumulating power station, automobile, steamer and other industrial products, the security performance that improves lithium ion battery is particularly important.

In addition, the lithium ion battery performance is under the environment of non high temperature, non-low temperature, and the performance of battery will obtain very high lifting.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of vacuum explosion-proof lithium ion battery, fundamentally eliminating because of temperature rise, to put potential safety hazards such as blast that oxygen reaction brings, burning, and improves the performance of battery simultaneously.

The utility model provides the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of a kind of like this vacuum, comprise the shell of being with cavity and the cap of going up the band exit thereof, be located at the interior electrolyte of cavity pocket of outer cover and the positive pole of mutual superposition, negative pole is just reaching, barrier film between the negative pole, it is characterized in that shell is provided with through hole, through hole is provided with the vacuum tube that links to each other with the vacuum unit, be provided with temperature-controlled tube in the cavity pocket of outer cover, the through hole that this temperature-controlled tube passes on the shell links to each other with the temperature control unit, so that lithium ion battery is operated under the environment of vacuum and controllable temperature, prevent oxidized, it is under the preference temperature environment, to improve battery performance.

The described through hole that links to each other with vacuum tube is arranged on shell upper, to keep the vacuum degree in the cavity pocket of outer cover as required in good time, prevents that the interior electrolyte of cavity, electrode etc. are oxidized.

Described temperature-controlled tube is a hollow straight tube, perhaps hollow U-shaped pipe, perhaps hollow coiled pipe, perhaps hollow coil pipe, perhaps hollow collar, and be disposed in the cavity pocket of outer cover, and link to each other with condenser, so that in hollow tube, carry the temperature control medium as required, in good time with the working temperature in the control cavity pocket of outer cover.

Described vacuum unit, temperature control unit are conventional equipment.

Barrier film between the positive pole of described mutual superposition, negative pole and the positive and negative electrode constitutes rectangular cylinder, conduction afflux aluminium foil is set respectively in the relative both sides of positive pole, conduction afflux Copper Foil is set respectively in the relative both sides of negative pole, and conduction afflux aluminium foil on the positive pole after the stack and the conduction afflux Copper Foil mutual dislocation on the negative pole, to realize two-way afflux, balanced charge and discharge prolong battery useful life.

Described conduction afflux aluminium foil is the full wafer setting in the relative both sides of positive pole, perhaps is to be provided with at interval, and establishes through hole on conduction afflux aluminium foil, and conduction afflux rod passes this through hole and extends to cap and become anodal exit outward.

Described conduction afflux Copper Foil is the full wafer setting in the relative both sides of negative pole, perhaps is to be provided with at interval, and establishes through hole on conduction afflux Copper Foil, and conduction afflux rod passes this through hole and extends to cap and become the negative pole exit outward.

The utlity model has following advantage and effect: adopt such scheme, lithium ion battery is always worked under the environment of vacuum and controllable temperature, prevent that effectively the lithium metal of separating out in the battery operated process from contacting with electrolyte with oxygen and burn, prevent effectively simultaneously that the temperature that causes because of various factors from raising, fundamentally eliminate because of temperature rise, the blast that oxidation brings, potential safety hazards such as burning, be lithium ion battery, especially use at energy-accumulating power station, automobile, big capacity and vast capacity lithium ion battery in steamer and other industrial products provide safety guarantee, simultaneously by just being arranged on, the conductive current collector of the both sides that negative electrode is relative, just realize, the two-way afflux of negative electrode, equilibrium is filled, discharging current, prolong battery useful life, improve battery performance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is another structure cutaway view of the utility model.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is described further, is not limited thereto but hold within the utility model.

The explosion-proof lithium ion battery of the vacuum that the utility model provides, comprise the shell 2 of being with cavity 1 and go up band exit 9,10 cap 8, be located at the electrolyte in shell 2 cavitys 1 and the positive pole 4 of mutual superposition, negative pole 5 is just reaching, barrier film 6 between the negative pole, shell 2 tops are provided with through hole 14, through hole 14 is provided with the vacuum tube 13 of band control valve 12 on its that links to each other with conventional vacuum unit, so that lithium ion battery is operated in the vacuum environment, be interval with four vertical hollow temperature-controlled tubes 3 in shell 2 cavitys 1, on each hollow temperature-controlled tube 3, the lower end is communicated with by the hollow transverse tube, and with the hollow inlet tube 17 that passes on shell 2 through holes 16, hollow extraction tube 18 links to each other, hollow inlet tube 17, hollow extraction tube 18 respectively with the temperature control unit---the refrigeration, heat advancing of machine, outlet links to each other, so that by refrigeration, the machine that heats is sent into low temperature or high-temperature medium in the hollow temperature-controlled tube 3 through hollow inlet tube 17, the high temperature or the cryogenic media that will absorb heat or inhale after cold by hollow extraction tube 18 sent refrigeration back to again, heating machine set, so circulation is operated under the preference temperature environment lithium ion battery, 11 is the decompression exhaust valve, as Fig. 1.

Barrier film 6 between the positive pole 4 of described mutual superposition, negative pole 5 and the positive and negative electrode constitutes rectangular cylinder, conduction afflux aluminium foil 41 is set respectively in anodal 4 relative both sides, conduction afflux Copper Foil 51 is set respectively in the relative both sides of negative pole 5, and conduction afflux Copper Foil 51 mutual dislocation on conduction afflux aluminium foil on the positive pole 4 after the stack 41 and the negative pole 5, to realize two-way afflux, balanced charge and discharge prolong battery useful life such as Fig. 2, Fig. 3.

Conduction afflux aluminium foil 41 is the full wafer setting in anodal 4 relative both sides, conduction afflux Copper Foil 51 is the full wafer setting in the relative both sides of negative pole 5, and on conduction afflux aluminium foil 41 and conduction afflux Copper Foil 51, establish through hole 19 at interval, so that conduction afflux rod 9,10 passes the through hole 19 that is superimposed as post, extending to outside the cap 8 becomes the positive and negative electrode exit, as Fig. 2.

Conduction afflux aluminium foil 41 is setting at interval in anodal 4 relative both sides, conduction afflux Copper Foil 51 is to be provided with at interval in negative pole 5 relative both sides, and on conduction afflux aluminium foil 41 and conduction afflux Copper Foil 51, establish through hole 19, so that conduction afflux rod 9,10 passes the through hole 19 that is superimposed as post, extending to outside the cap 8 becomes the positive and negative electrode exit, as Fig. 3.

Claims

1. explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum, comprise the shell of being with cavity and the cap of going up the band exit thereof, be located at the barrier film between positive pole, negative pole and the positive and negative electrode of electrolyte in the cavity pocket of outer cover and mutual superposition, it is characterized in that shell is provided with through hole, through hole is provided with the vacuum tube that links to each other with the vacuum unit, be provided with temperature-controlled tube in the cavity pocket of outer cover, the through hole that this temperature-controlled tube passes on the shell links to each other with the temperature control unit.

2. the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described through hole that links to each other with vacuum tube is arranged on shell upper, and through hole is provided with the vacuum tube that links to each other with the vacuum unit.

3. the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum according to claim 1 is characterized in that described temperature-controlled tube is a hollow straight tube, perhaps hollow U-shaped pipe, perhaps hollow coiled pipe, perhaps hollow coil pipe, perhaps hollow collar, and be disposed in the cavity pocket of outer cover, and link to each other with condenser.

4. the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the barrier film between positive pole, negative pole and the positive and negative electrode of described mutual superposition constitutes rectangular cylinder, conduction afflux aluminium foil is set respectively in the relative both sides of positive pole, conduction afflux Copper Foil is set respectively in the relative both sides of negative pole, and conduction afflux aluminium foil on the positive pole after the stack and the conduction afflux Copper Foil mutual dislocation on the negative pole.

5. the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described conduction afflux aluminium foil is the full wafer setting in the relative both sides of positive pole, perhaps be to be provided with at interval, and establish through hole on conduction afflux aluminium foil, conduction afflux rod passes this through hole and extends to cap and become anodal exit outward.

6. the explosion-proof lithium ion battery of vacuum according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described conduction afflux Copper Foil is the full wafer setting in the relative both sides of negative pole, perhaps be to be provided with at interval, and establish through hole on conduction afflux Copper Foil, conduction afflux rod passes this through hole and extends to cap and become the negative pole exit outward.