CN201905026U - High-speed multifunctional precise seed metering device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model particularly relates to a high-speed multifunctional precise seed metering device, which solves the problems of bad seed taking performance, inaccurate seeding and limited seeding varieties of the traditional seeding mechanism during high-speed seeding. A driving gear, a slanting slideway plate and a ring-shaped seed metering impeller are sequentially fixed on a rotating shaft from the rear part to the front part; a diversion plate is arranged at the rear part of the slanting slideway plate; a vacuum chamber seat is fixed at the rear part of the diversion plate; a plurality of radial slotted holes are uniformly distributed on an edge of the slanting slideway plate; the diversion plate is provided with parabolical slotted holes communicated with the radial slotted holes; a speed-raising wheel eccentrical with the seed metering impeller is arranged in the center of the seed metering impeller; a seed metering opening and a revolution transmitter which swing horizontally are respectively arranged at the lower part and the inner wall of a seed metering housing corresponding to the seed metering impeller; a photoelectric sensor used for detecting seed missing is arranged on the inner wall of a front end cover; and a Hall sensor used for detecting seed quality is arranged at the seed metering opening. The high-speed multifunctional precise seed metering device has the advantages of reasonable and reliable structural design, guarantees the seed suction performance of the slanting slideway plate, and simultaneously realizes the precise and accurate seeding requirements.

Description

The high-speed multifunctional precise seeder

Technical field

The utility model relates to agricultural mechanical field, is specially a kind of high-speed multifunctional precise seeder.

Background technology

The world agriculture scientific development is from pursuing the march toward modern precision agriculture of economy and environment harmonious development of extensive volume increase pattern.Develop modern seeding technique and equipment,,, ensure grain security and promote that the sustainable development in the world is significant for the integrated production capacity that improves agricultural with the efficient utilization of production factors such as land resources, water resource and seed, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer.

Sowing seeds technology is that agronomy combines with the machine of agricultural machinery modern science and technology, the technology that is seeded into desired depth in the soil that those are equidistant with single seed.Precise sowing has province to be planted 30%～50%, economizes thinning 4～8hm2 in man-hour, and the advantage of volume increase 10%～30% is the inexorable trend of intertillage crop development.In recent years, the continuous development and perfection along with breeding, seed processing treatment technology, agricultural chemicals, weed killer herbicide and water conservancy irrigation technology make seed germination rate and survival rate of seedlings that certain guarantee be arranged, thereby make the precise sowing technology that more reliable assurance arranged.Practice shows, realize that the key of precision drilling, raising operating efficiency is a precision sower, and the core component of precision sower is a precise seeder.So, be equipped with the principal character that the precise seeder sower has become modern seeding technique, become the important symbol of modern agriculture, become the main developing direction of sowing.

The R and D of China's precise seeder start from early 1970s, but are not rapidly developed.In recent years, along with the introduction in succession of external dissimilar precision sowers, the development work of China's precise seeder had been made significant headway, and new-type sower and multi-form seeding unit also constantly occur.For example, Jilin Industry University Lee becomes the magnetic-attraction precision sower of inventions such as inclined plate spoon formula seeding unit that China succeeds in developing, the Hu Jianping of Jiangsu University, all is more novel precision seeder; The oscillatory type seeding unit of Beijing Agricultural Engineering Univ.'s development and two roller sound formula seeding unit, its Precision Seeding wheat machine speed is higher than 4km/h, but transaction capabilities is poor; The XGJP multipurpose type cellular type precision seeder that Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University newly develops is a kind of mechanical type seeding unit of granule such as high speed Precision Seeding soybean apart from crop, and its speed of drilling reaches 11km/h, but needs strict elite seed to work; Be called as the vertical disc type seeding unit of inboard capsule kind of the important breakthrough of China aspect the development of mechanical precise seeding unit, dropping frequency is 22.11 times/s, and the spacing in the rows qualification rate reaches 90%; The 2BJ-16 Pneumatic precision seeding unit of China agricultural machinery institute development adopts the air-blowing principle, also has higher dropping frequency; But the wheeled precision seeder high speed of the strength Precision Seeding granule of Jilin Industry University development is apart from crop, operating speed is higher, and grain reaches 91% apart from qualification rate, and required source of the gas total head is 4.1kPa, compare with other high speed Precision Seeding seeding unit, have advantages such as simple in structure, easy to manufacture, easy to operate.

The forties in 20th century, the external precise seeder that just begun one's study, technology is quite perfect at present.Now, production and the precise seeder that uses mainly are divided into two big classes: the one, and the mechanical precise seeding unit mainly contains wheeled, the vertical disc type of nest eye, horizontal circle disc type, inclined plate formula, finger-clipped etc.; The 2nd, the Pneumatic precision seeding unit mainly contains 3 kinds of air-sucking types, air-sweeping type, vapour-pressure type, and except being provided with perfect whole ground, fertilising, spray medicine, earthing and suppression device, hydraulic technique and electronic technology also are widely used on the sower on the precision sower.At present, be extensive use of the Pneumatic precision seeding machinery in western countries such as America and Europes, wherein air-flow single order distribute type, integrated arranging metering system are widely applied on grain drill.Simultaneously, new seeding theory also sequential use in seeding machinery, as pin type (the claiming the suction nozzle formula again) precision planter of Dutch VISSER company, U.S. BLACKMORE company, the fluted disc type precision planter of your company of U.S.'s texts and pictures etc.

The research and the application of sowing seeds technology have broad prospects, but also there is following problem in most of seeding unit:

1, seeding unit is got kind, is got kind the influence that the wheel linear velocity generally is not more than 0.4m/s, is unsuitable for the high speed operation, and it is poor to get kind of performance.

2, must be to seed by the certain size classification.

3, the seed dresser structure need be set separately.

Though 4 can control the simple grain precise sowing, can not accurately control the spacing of charging seed.

5, versatility is poor, and what have can sow corn, soybean, wheat, Chinese sorghum, but crops such as rape, millet, clover, broomcorn millet are difficult to precise sowing.

Summary of the invention

Existence was got kind of a poor performance, can not accurately be charged seed and sow the restricted problem of kind when the utility model was sowed at a high speed in order to solve existing seeding unit, and a kind of high-speed multifunctional precise seeder is provided.

The utility model is to adopt following technical scheme to realize: the high-speed multifunctional precise seeder, comprise that drive end bearing bracket is provided with the seed sowing shell of seed inlet, the seed sowing shell axle center is installed with rotating shaft, in the rotating shaft from the back to the preceding driven wheel that is fixed with successively, the seeding impeller of oblique slideway dish and ring-type, oblique slideway dish rear is provided with shunting disk, the shunting disk rear is fixed with the vacuum chamber seat, the edge of oblique slideway dish is uniform to have some radially slotted eyes, shunting disk is provided with the parabola slotted eye that communicates with slotted eye radially, seeding impeller center is provided with the speed-raising wheel with its off-centre, the seed sowing shell below and the inwall of seeding impeller correspondence are respectively equipped with sowing port and the speed probe that swings, the drive end bearing bracket inwall is provided with to be used to detect and lacks the photoelectric sensor of planting, and sowing port is provided with the Hall element that is used to detect seed quality.During operation, the fan rotation, the air negative pressure that produces enters the vacuum chamber seat, meanwhile, seed is flowed in the seed sowing shell by kind of case short distance, speed-raising wheel is pushed into seed the seeding impeller under the effect of power, the seeding impeller drives the seed rotation, when going to clearly when planting mouthful, seed in the seeding impeller is under air positive pressure must act on, break away from the seeding impeller and enter the rotation of seeding speed-raising wheel teeth groove, simultaneously the linear velocity with the seed corresponding position is identical on the linear velocity that is taken up of the seed in the teeth groove and the oblique slideway dish, because the rotation of seed has obtained initial kinetic energy, seed is easily by the crossing hole absorption of the radially slotted eye on the parabola slotted eye of shunting disk and the oblique slideway dish, because the parabola of parabola slotted eye extends to excircle gradually, therefore intersecting the hole extends to excircle gradually, thereby seed is driven to the interval region of seeding impeller blade, and seed rotates to sowing port with the seeding impeller, discharges under the effect of malleation; In the whole process, the control signal of vehicle speed sensor output, by syncmotor, the left-right rotation of control sowing port realizes the zero-speed input; By the blanking time that the Hall element at sowing port place is measured seed, by contrasting, export the error signal of charging seed with data of database, the rotating speed of control seeding unit is realized accurately sowing; Detect kind of the situation of inhaling by photoelectric sensor, combine with speed probe, electromagnet is reseeded in control, realizes lacking working continuously of kind reseeding, and exists when having overcome existing seeding unit and sowing at a high speed to get kind of a poor performance, can not accurately charge seed and sow the restricted problem of kind.

The utility model reasonable in design is reliable, and it is consistent with the linear velocity of oblique slideway dish to utilize the speed-raising wheel that seed is accelerated to, and ensures the suction kind performance of oblique slideway dish, has satisfied the requirement of sowing at a high speed; Utilize the accurate Electronic Control of seeding unit simultaneously, make the seed-metering performance of seeding unit satisfy agriculture requirement, realized smart amount, the accurately requirement of sowing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a generalized section of the present utility model.

Among the figure: 1-drive end bearing bracket, 2-seed sowing shell, 3-rotating shaft, 4-driven wheel, the oblique slideway dish of 5-, 6-seeding impeller, the 7-shunting disk, 8-vacuum chamber seat, 9-is slotted eye radially, 10-parabola slotted eye, the 11-wheel that raises speed, 12-sowing port, 13-speed probe, 14-photoelectric sensor, 15-Hall element.

Embodiment

The high-speed multifunctional precise seeder, comprise that drive end bearing bracket 1 is provided with the seed sowing shell 2 of seed inlet, seed sowing shell 2 axle center are installed with rotating shaft 3, in the rotating shaft 3 from the back to the preceding driven wheel 4 that is fixed with successively, the seeding impeller 6 of oblique slideway dish 5 and ring-type, oblique slideway dish 5 rears are provided with shunting disk 7, shunting disk 7 rears are fixed with vacuum chamber seat 8, the edge of oblique slideway dish 5 is uniform to have some radially slotted eyes 9, shunting disk 7 is provided with the parabola slotted eye 10 that communicates with slotted eye 9 radially, seeding impeller 6 centers are provided with the speed-raising wheel 11 with its off-centre, seed sowing shell 2 belows of seeding impeller 6 correspondences and inwall are respectively equipped with sowing port 12 and the speed probe 13 that swings, drive end bearing bracket 1 inwall is provided with to be used to detect and lacks the photoelectric sensor 14 of planting, and sowing port 12 is provided with the Hall element 15 that is used to detect seed quality.In the specific implementation process, parabola slotted eye 10 quantity on the shunting disk 7 are 2; Driven wheel 4 can replace with synchronous motor.

Claims (1)

1. high-speed multifunctional precise seeder, comprise that drive end bearing bracket (1) is provided with the seed sowing shell (2) of seed inlet, seed sowing shell (2) axle center is installed with rotating shaft (3), it is characterized in that: rotating shaft (3) is gone up from the back to the preceding driven wheel (4) that is fixed with successively, the seeding impeller (6) of oblique slideway dish (5) and ring-type, oblique slideway dish (5) rear is provided with shunting disk (7), shunting disk (7) rear is fixed with vacuum chamber seat (8), the uniform some radially slotted eyes (9) that have in the edge of oblique slideway dish (5), shunting disk (7) is provided with the parabola slotted eye (10) that communicates with slotted eye (9) radially, seeding impeller (6) center is provided with the speed-raising wheel (11) with its off-centre, seed sowing shell (2) below and inwall that seeding impeller (6) is corresponding are respectively equipped with sowing port (12) and the speed probe (13) that swings, drive end bearing bracket (1) inwall is provided with to be used to detect and lacks the photoelectric sensor (14) of planting, and sowing port (12) is provided with the Hall element (15) that is used to detect seed quality.

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