Background technology
The development of motor drives the mankind and enters Electrification Age, and through century-old development, motor is very extensive in the application of each side such as industrial and agricultural production, communications and transportation, national defence, commerce and household electrical appliance, medical appliance equipment.Motor mainly comprises the midfeather (air gap) between stator (stationary part), rotor (rotating part), stator and the rotor, rotor is with respect to the stator high speed rotating that is used to produce magnetic field, formation is to the electromagnetic torque of gyroaxis, and then the driving arrangement that connects on drive gyroaxis motion, air gap is the path in above-mentioned magnetic field, is the passage of realizing power conversion.
Based on the requirement of motor driven load movement, the necessary held stationary of motor, work reliably, especially in big industrial production, higher to the job stability requirement of motor.In the course of work, the electric current that produces in stator and the rotor, the high speed rotating and the mechanical friction of rotor all can produce a large amount of heat, if these heats can not get getting rid of timely the service behaviour with the cumulative effect motor, even cause motor Yin Wendu too high and damage.
At present, most of motor all are provided with necessary air-cooled structure.The asynchronous motor air-cooled structure that uses with routine is example below, and air cooling system of the prior art is described.
Front bearing retainer and rear end cap at motor are provided with axially extending bore, the axially extending bore at two ends is linked up the air duct of housing inner chamber, during the rotor rotation, air from the axially extending bore inspiration external world of rear end cap, the concentrated flow that relatively colder air cooperates with housing by stator is to front-end bearing pedestal, axially extending bore from front bearing retainer flows out again, realizes heat exchange by above-mentioned moving air, finishes the cooling of motor.In addition, in the part high power motor, also be provided with rotor fan, to improve radiating efficiency.
In above-mentioned cooling system, when motor moves, there is the temperature difference between the outer surface of inner surface of stator and rotor, fluid particle in the air gap will produce relative motion under buoyancy function, and radially by the pyrometric scale surface current to low-temperature surface, promptly produce free convection, the heat exchange that this free convection is just carried out between parts, for the air cooling mode that axially extending bore is set at front bearing retainer and rear end cap in the prior art, can influence the axial flow of cold air, cause chilling temperature inhomogeneous, influence cooling effect.In the prior art; the air gap of motor is just as the magnetic field path; the cooling structure that does not belong to motor; stator and rotor rely on the work of cooling system to reach the cooling purpose fully; there is local blind area in cooling to stator and rotor tip; non-uniform temperature, cooling effectiveness is low, the problems such as disconnected bar of rotor bar usually can occur.
Therefore, provide a kind of cooling effectiveness that can improve stator and rotor, and motor air cooling structure simple in structure is those skilled in the art's technical problems to be solved.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of motor air cooling structure, and this air cooling structure can improve the uniformity and the radiating efficiency of stator and rotor chilling temperature, and simple in structure.Another purpose of the present utility model provides a kind of above-mentioned air cooling structure horizontal motor that possesses.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model provides a kind of motor air cooling structure, the air gap at interval is a wedged air gap between stator and the rotor, and the portlet of described wedged air gap is positioned at the low temperature side of described rotor, and the large port of described wedged air gap is positioned at the high temperature side of described rotor.
Preferably, the diameter of perimeter surface is that convergent changes in the stator core of described stator, and the rotor core outer surface of described rotor is set to isometrical.
Preferably, the diameter of the rotor core outer surface of described rotor is that convergent changes, and perimeter surface is set to isometrical in the stator core of described stator.
Preferably, also comprise the sleeve that is set between described stator and the described rotor, the two ends of described sleeve are connected with two circular sidewalls respectively; The inner edge of each described sidewall is connected with casing with described sleeve respectively with outer rim, forms the annular seal space that stator is sealed separately; In the described annular seal space coolant is set, the top of described coolant is provided with condenser pipe, described condenser pipe sealing is passed two described sidewalls and is plugged in the described casing, the import of described condenser pipe and outlet are positioned at outside the described casing, the diameter of the interior perimeter surface of described sleeve is that convergent changes, and the rotor core outer surface of described rotor is set to isometrical.
Preferably, the gradient of described convergent variation is no more than 5 degree.
Preferably, the rotor core of described rotor circumferentially is provided with some groups of radial ventilation ditches, and axially setting gradually of the described rotor core of every group of described radial ventilation bank connects by the axial ventilation ditch between every group of described radial ventilation ditch.
Preferably, be positioned at the cross-sectional flow area of described radial ventilation ditch of described high temperature side greater than the cross-sectional flow area of the described radial ventilation ditch that is positioned at described low temperature side.
Preferably, be positioned at the cross-sectional flow area of described axial ventilation ditch of described high temperature side greater than the cross-sectional flow area of the described axial ventilation ditch that is positioned at described low temperature side
Preferably, be disposed with some radial stator ventilation ductss on the interior perimeter surface of described stator vertically, the long-pending cross-sectional flow area of flow section that the described stator that is positioned at described rotor high temperature side ventilates and links up greater than the stator ventilation ducts that is positioned at described rotor low temperature side.
The utility model also provides a kind of horizontal motor, comprises stator and rotor, and described rotor is arranged in the described stator, and described horizontal motor also has above-mentioned each described air cooling structure.
Motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model, the air gap at interval is set to wedged air gap between stator and the rotor, and the portlet of wedged air gap is positioned at the low temperature side of rotor, and the large port of wedged air gap is arranged on the high temperature side of rotor.When motor moved, stator maintained static the rotor high-speed rotation, because rotor core is provided with groove and tooth, at this moment, rotor can be considered as the heating cylinder of surperficial lobed high speed rotating, and the air in wedged air gap forms rotating flow.This rotating flow is for the free convection that produces owing to the temperature difference between stator inner surface and the rotor outer surface, and is inhibited, thereby effectively overcome the negative influence that the stator and the rotor cooling of motor is brought owing to the existence of free convection.In the course of work, the flow direction of air is to flow to large port by portlet in the wedged air gap, and the portlet of wedged air gap is arranged on the low temperature side of rotor, and large port is arranged on the high temperature side of rotor, can give full play to the effect of wedged air gap air cooling.Compared with prior art, adopt air cooling structure provided by the utility model, do not need to increase thermal component, just can improve the cooling effectiveness of stator and rotor cooling, and simple in structure.
A kind of preferred embodiment in, motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model also comprises the sleeve that is set between stator and the rotor, the two ends of sleeve are connected with two circular sidewalls respectively; The inner edge of two sidewalls is connected with casing with sleeve respectively with outer rim, two sidewalls and sleeve and casing constitute the stator annular seal space of sealing separately, coolant is set in the annular seal space, the top of coolant is provided with condenser pipe, the condenser pipe sealing is passed two sidewalls and is plugged in the casing, the import of condenser pipe and outlet are positioned at outside the casing, and the interior perimeter surface of sleeve is the not isometrical of diameter linear change, and the rotor core outer surface of rotor is set to isometrical.In this structure, stator seals and adopts the transpiration-cooled type of cooling separately, be sleeved on sleeve between stator and the rotor and be set to have the structure of constant slope, and the rotor core outer circumference surface is set to homogeneous texture, just can constitute wedged air gap between stator and rotor.
Can draw to draw a conclusion through Theoretical Calculation and experimental test, the heat sum that heat that the large port of wedged air gap and portlet derive and stator sleeve wall absorb is along with rotor power density and change in rotational speed, there is a peak region, when the rotor power density reaches 1000w/m
2-2000w/m
2The time, when rotating speed reached 3000 rev/mins, both heat radiation sums reached the peak.Can be understood as,, itself just can effectively carry out oneself's cooling, at this moment, can save rotor fan although rotor high-speed rotates and generates heat.In this structure, stator adopts evaporative cooling, and rotor then adopts air cooling structure provided by the utility model, can simplify prior art rotor cooling structure, has reduced mechanical loss simultaneously, the noise that has produced when having reduced the motor operation.Simultaneously, because wedged air gap can be taken away certain heat, the specific applying working condition for needs use auxiliary heat dissipation fan can also reduce the use power of fan, thereby further cut down the consumption of energy and work noise.
Embodiment
Core of the present utility model provides a kind of motor air cooling structure, and this air cooling structure can be utilized the motor self structure, improves the uniformity of stator and rotor chilling temperature, and simple in structure.Another core of the present utility model provides a kind of horizontal motor with above-mentioned air cooling structure.
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the utility model scheme better, the utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model.
In a kind of embodiment, the air gap that forms between the stator 1 of motor and the rotor 6 is a wedged air gap 5, and the portlet of wedged air gap 5 is positioned at the low temperature side of rotor 6, and large port is positioned at the high temperature side of rotor 6.When motor moved, stator 1 maintained static, rotor 6 high speed rotating, thus in wedged air gap 5, form rotating flow.This rotating flow has certain inhibitory action to the free convection between the parts, particularly, when the radially relative motion of fluid particle occurring in the rotating flow zone of wedged air gap 5, the fluid particle of motion will be subjected to the effect of coriolis force, the action direction of coriolis force is opposite with the direction of rotation of rotor, thereby makes fluid particle produce the tangential velocity opposite with direction of rotation.Therefore, can realize restriction, improve the uniformity of cooling effectiveness and chilling temperature free convection.The flow direction of air is to flow to large port by portlet in the wedged air gap 5, and the portlet of wedged air gap 5 is arranged on the low temperature side of rotor 6, and large port is arranged on the high temperature side of rotor 6, can give full play to the effect of wedged air gap 5 air coolings.Adopt above-mentioned air cooling structure, do not need to increase thermal component, just can improve the cooling effectiveness of stator 1 and rotor 6, and simple in structure.
The low temperature side of rotor 6 and high temperature side can determine that specifically in the present embodiment, the casing 2 of rotor 6 one sides is provided with air inlet 3 according to the air cooling structure that motor adopts, and the armature spindle of air inlet 3 one sides is provided with fan 8; The casing 2 of rotor 6 opposite sides is provided with air outlet 4, during the motor operation, rotor 6 high speed rotating inspiration cold airs, under the effect of the rotating flow that fan 8 and wedged air gap 5 forms, cold air is blowed to the other end of rotor 6, promptly be provided with the high temperature side of air outlet 4, the flow direction of air as shown in FIG..
The setting that it is pointed out that fan 8 is not essential, in some cases, when utilizing the heat radiation of wedged air gap 5 and other modes to require in conjunction with the heat radiation that can satisfy motor, fan 8 can be set.
Further, wedged air gap 5 can form by the respective outer side edges of stator 1 and rotor 6.Can be described in figure, the diameter of perimeter surface is set to the convergent variation in stator 1 stator core, and the rotor core outer surface of rotor 6 is set to isometrical; Also can be that convergent changes with the diameter of the rotor core outer surface of rotor 6, perimeter surface be set to isometrically in the stator core of stator 1, can form the required wedged air gap of cooling structure 5.It can be uniform linear change that the convergent here changes, and also can be uneven variation, as long as can form wedged air gap 5 between stator 1 and rotor 6.
The formation of wedged air gap 5 can also be adopted different generation types according to the concrete structure of the parts that are provided with between stator 1 and the rotor 6.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the another kind of embodiment of motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model.
In the present embodiment, motor provided by the utility model also comprises the sleeve 26 that is set between described stator 24 and the described rotor 27, and the two ends of sleeve 26 are connected with two circular sidewalls 22 respectively; The inner edge of sidewall 22 is connected with the end of sleeve 26, outer rim is connected with casing 21, two sidewalls 22 constitute the annular seal space that stator 24 is sealed separately with sleeve 26 and casing 21, coolant 25 is set in the annular seal space, the top of coolant 25 is provided with condenser pipe 23, condenser pipe 23 passes two sidewalls 22 and is plugged in the casing 21, condenser pipe 23 adopts with the junction of sidewall 22 and is tightly connected, can select to weld or other sealing means according to the material of condenser pipe 23 and sidewall 22, the import of condenser pipe 23 and outlet are positioned at outside the casing 21, the diameter of the interior perimeter surface of sleeve 26 is that convergent changes, and the rotor core outer surface of rotor 27 is set to isometrical.
Adopt the transpiration-cooled type of cooling can effectively separate the uneven problem of determinant 24 heat radiations to stator 24, and condenser pipe 23 passes two sidewalls 22 and is inserted in the casing 21 in the said structure, transpiration-cooled like this condensation process is carried out in casing 21, and the exchange heat of the cooling medium in the condenser pipe 23 also helps the cooling of rotor.Because the sealing of stator 24 has only utilized the segment space of casing 21, still there is the space that can supply rotor 27 to carry out air cooling in the both sides of casing 21.Therefore, can adopt air cooling structure provided by the utility model that rotor 27 is cooled off.Particularly, the diameter of the interior perimeter surface of sleeve 26 is set to convergent to be changed, the outer surface of the rotor core of rotor 27 is set to isometrical, so just between stator 24 and rotor 27, formed wedged air gap 28, the portlet of wedged air gap 28 is positioned at the entrance point of condenser pipe 23, large port is positioned at the port of export of condenser pipe 23, and the low temperature side that also is rotor 27 is the entrance point of condenser pipe 23, and the high temperature side of rotor 27 is the port of export of condenser pipe 23.
The evaporative cooling of stator 24 is combined with the air cooling of rotor 27, can effectively improve the integral heat sink efficient of motor.As long as coolant 25 keeps fluidized state, then the wall temperature of sleeve 26 can keep state constant relatively, that be no more than boiling temperature, and its temperature is starkly lower than the temperature of rotor 27.Can draw to draw a conclusion through Theoretical Calculation and experimental test, the heat sum that perimeter surface absorbs in the sleeve 26 of suit in heat that the large port of wedged air gap 28 and portlet derive and the stator 24 is along with rotor 27 power densities and change in rotational speed, there is a peak region, when the rotor power density reaches 1000w/m
2-2000w/m
2The time, when rotating speed reached 3000 rev/mins, both heat radiation sums reached the peak, can be understood as, although oneself's cooling just can be effectively carried out itself in the heating of rotor 27 high speed rotating, at this moment, can save rotor fan.In this structure, stator 24 adopts evaporative cooling, and 27 of rotors adopt air cooling structure provided by the utility model, can simplify prior art rotor cooling structure, reduce mechanical loss simultaneously, reduced caloric value, saved the noise that has produced when rotor fan has also reduced the motor operation.
For specific applying working condition, such as, when the rotor power density increases to 3000w/m
2When rotor 27 rotating speeds reach 3000 rev/mins, the heat that the import and export air fluid is taken away only accounts for 26.3% of total amount of heat, the heat that sleeve 26 is taken away accounts for 40.2% of total amount of heat, illustrate that both stacks are not enough to the height heating of cooled rotor 27, the auxiliary-radiating structure that then needs other such as tube-axial fan etc., strengthens the heat radiation dynamics.At this moment, because wedged air gap 28 can be taken away certain heat, can reduce the use power of fan.
When being provided with sleeve 26 between stator 24 and the rotor 27, rotor core outer surface that can also rotor 27 is set to have constant slope, and convergent changes does not wait gauge structure, as long as can form the structure of wedged air gap 28.
Further, the gradient of the variation of the convergent shown in the above-mentioned embodiment is no more than 5 degree.The gradient that is wedged air gap 28 will be in certain zone of reasonableness, surpasses the distribution that 5 degree influences magnetic field, can influence the operate as normal of motor, in the scopes that are no more than 5 degree, and the operate as normal of assurance motor and reach the purpose of air cooling.In execution mode shown in Figure 2, the interior perimeter surface of sleeve 26 is when processing and manufacturing, because the needs of withdrawing pattern can form round table surface, and then can between the outer surface of the interior perimeter surface of sleeve 26 and rotor 27, form wedged air gap 28, do not need special processing, further simplify processing technology, improved motor cooling effect.
Please refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 3 is the rotor structure schematic diagram of motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model, and Fig. 4 is the cutaway view at A position among Fig. 3.
As shown in FIG., circumferentially be provided with some groups of radial ventilation ditches 62 along the rotor core of rotor 6, every group of radial ventilation ditch 62 sets gradually along the rotor core axial direction, connects by axial ventilation ditch 61 between every group of radial ventilation ditch 62.In the rotor core of rotor 6 radial ventilation ditch 62 is set and increases the rotor core area of dissipation, improve radiating efficiency, connect by axial ventilation ditch 61 between every group of radial ventilation ditch 62, like this rotor core axially and radially ventilation ducts is set all, make the area of dissipation of rotor 6 more even reasonable.
Further, as shown in Figure 3, radial ventilation ditch 62 cross-sectional flow area that are positioned at rotor 6 high temperature sides are greater than radial ventilation ditch 62 cross-sectional flow area that are positioned at rotor 6 low temperature sides.
The radial ventilation ditch 62 of rotor 6 is set to different sizes, and the size that specifically is positioned at radial ventilation ditch 62 employings of diverse location is selected according to loss distribution, the heat radiation needs of motor, thereby gives full play to the effect of rotor heat radiation cooling.The radial ventilation ditch 62 that is positioned at rotor 6 high temperature sides can adopt the cross-sectional flow area of broad, and the radial ventilation ditch 62 that is positioned at rotor 6 low temperature sides can adopt the cross-sectional flow area of relative narrower.In the production and processing of reality, the difference in size that exists between the radial ventilation ditch 62 is also relevant with factors such as power of electric motor size and applications.According to practical experience, in high power motor, radial ventilation ditch 62 can be got 10 millimeters, and in the less relatively motor of power, the span of radial ventilation ditch 62 can be the 5-10 millimeter.
The concrete shape and structure that radial ventilation ditch 62 adopts can be set to wedge shape, utilizes wedge shape air flows characteristics to improve radiating effect, also can be set to other forms.
Further, axial ventilation ditch 61 adopts not wide setting, and the end face that is positioned at rotor 6 high temperature sides is wider than the end face that is positioned at rotor 6 low temperature sides.Be that axial ventilation ditch 61 can be set to wedge shape, the portlet of wedge shape is positioned at the low temperature side of rotor 6, and large port is positioned at the high temperature side of rotor 6.The set-up mode of axial ventilation ditch 61 utilizes wedge shape space air flows characteristics to help to improve the radiating effect of rotor 6.
It is pointed out that the cross-sectional width of axial ventilation ditch 61, difference is bigger under different usable conditions.All adopt under the situation of air cooling at stator and rotor, the cross-sectional width of axial ventilation ditch 61 is got higher value, to increase area of dissipation; Adopt evaporative cooling and rotor adopts under the situation of air cooling at stator, because sleeve can absorb the heat of a part, radiating effect can necessarily be improved, and the cross-sectional width of axial ventilation ditch 61 can be got less relatively value.The sectional area span of concrete axial ventilation ditch 61 is also relevant with the model and the suitable application area of motor, should determine according to actual needs.
That ventilation ducts is set is similar to rotor 6, be disposed with some radial stator ventilation ductss 7 on the interior perimeter surface of stator 1 vertically, the cross-sectional flow area of stator ventilation ducts 7 that is positioned at rotor 6 high temperature sides is greater than the cross-sectional flow area of the stator ventilation ducts 7 that is positioned at rotor 6 low temperature sides.
The purpose that the interior perimeter surface of stator 1 is provided with stator ventilation ducts 7 is identical with the purpose that rotor 6 is provided with radial ventilation ditch 62 and axial ventilation ditch 61, all is in order to increase area of dissipation, to make the direction of air flows more reasonable, improving the cooling effect of motor.
The shape of stator ventilation ducts 7 can reference rotor 6 radial ventilation ditches 62 and the set-up mode of axial ventilation ditch 61, specifically can be set to wedge shape or other forms.Stator ventilation ducts 7 adopts radially and is provided with, and it is provided with the position and can be oppositely arranged with rotor radial ventilation ducts 62.
Remove above-mentioned motor air cooling structure, the utility model also provides a kind of horizontal motor, comprises stator and rotor, and rotor is arranged in the stator, and this horizontal motor also has above-mentioned air cooling structure.Need to prove that other structure members of this horizontal motor please refer to prior art, this paper repeats no more.
More than a kind of motor air cooling structure provided by the utility model and a kind of horizontal motor are described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present utility model and execution mode are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present utility model and core concept thereof.Should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model principle, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the utility model, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection range of the utility model claim.