CN201776132U

CN201776132U - Up-flow hydrogenation reactor with anti-clogging grids

Info

Publication number: CN201776132U
Application number: CN2010202356802U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐晓津; 张占柱
Original assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing; China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority date: 2010-06-24
Filing date: 2010-06-24
Publication date: 2011-03-30
Anticipated expiration: 2020-06-24

Abstract

An up-flow hydrogenation reactor with anti-clogging grids comprises a distributor at the bottom of a reactor, at least two catalyst beds, catalyst bed supports and the inter-bed grids. The inter-bed grids include an upper small runner component and a lower retaining component, the small runner component consists of a sieve plate, a perforated plate, a grid or a mesh structure and has runner size smaller than granularity of catalyst particles, and the lower portion is a runner component provided with an inclined or zigzag runner. Raw materials and hydrogen flow upwardly through the catalyst beds, so that the reactor has lower pressure drop and higher resistance to increase of pressure-drop, and different catalyst beds can be packed into the up-flow hydrogenation reactor without backmixing the catalysts. The anti-clogging inter-bed grids can effectively prevent the catalyst particles carried by fluid from clogging the distributor or runners of the grids, thereby creating favorable conditions for uniform distribution of the fluid.

Description

The up flow type hydrogenation reactor that has the anti-clogging barrier

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of up-flow reactor, more particularly, relates to a kind of expanded bed reactor that is applicable to that gas-liquid two-phase upwards flows in the mink cell focus hydrogenation process.

Background technology

Hydrogenation is the technology path that a kind of important inferior raw material is handled, and by hydrogenation, impurity such as the metal in the heavy oil product, colloid, carbon residue, sulphur, nitrogen all can effectively be removed.At present the most frequently used in the hydrotreatment process is down-type fixed-bed reactor, it is trickle bed reactor, but heavy oil product such as residual oil, liquefied coal coil are because the impurity content height, cause hydrogenation catalyst poisoning or catalyst duct to stop up and rapid deactivation easily, and impurity may stop up bed makes quick rising of pressure drop cause reactor operating mode variation, even can't normal running.And the up flow type expanded bed reactor that adopts gas and liquid flowing to move upward is to carry out the preferable selection of heavy oil product hydrogenation.At gas-liquid two-phase and flow to and to flow through in the process of beds, oil product is as continuous phase, and hydrogen is as decentralized photo, and two-phase upwards flows and caused the expansion of beds, can increase the voidage of bed, avoids the obstruction of beds.

CN1349554A discloses the up-flow reactor system of a kind of hydrotreating heavy feedstocks with belt shape beds; the up flow type expanded bed reactor contains the catalyst layer of at least two different hydrogenation activities; with the guard reactor of up-flow reactor as the hydrogenation main reactor; be used for removing most of metal of oil product and solid particle polluter and part sulphur, nitrogen, to prolong the service life of hydrogenation catalyst in the main reactor.In above-mentioned up-flow reactor, each catalyst layer bottom is provided with fluid distribution apparatus, and this fluid distribution apparatus can adopt many middle form, for example sieve, grid, orifice plates etc.Fluid distribution apparatus has the evenly horizontal plane by catalyst layer and guarantee the effect of the broken and fluid mixing of air pocket of the fluid that makes upwards by reactor.

General up flow type heavy oil product hydrogenation reactor axially has a plurality of beds, and hydrogen and heavy oil product mixture enter reactor by reactor bottom, enters beds through deflection plate and distributor and bed support.Gas phase is dispersed into bubble and liquid phase continuous phase and flows to and goes up motion, makes bed produce expansion because fluid flows.Minor amount of catalyst particles can be carried by fluid and be continued to move upward, and distributor or bed that this part particle can arrive adjacent beds support.Because bed support slit very small catalyst particle can't be passed through, therefore these particles probably stop up the support of distributor or bed at this point, cause fluid, particularly distribution of gas inhomogeneous, thereby have influence on the distribution of reactor inner fluid, course of reaction is had a negative impact.

The utility model content

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of up flow type heavy oil product hydrogenation reactor that has the anti-clogging barrier, is stopped up by catalyst granules or other solid impurity with fluid motion effectively to avoid this barrier.

The up flow type hydrogenation reactor that has the anti-clogging barrier that the utility model provides, comprise that the distributor that is positioned at reactor bottom, two above beds, beds support and the bed spacer grid, described bed spacer grid is divided into two parts up and down, top small flow channels assembly, be sieve plate, orifice plate, grid or the web frame of channel size less than the catalyst granules granularity, assembly is held back in the lower part, for having the flow channel component of inclination or tortuous runner.

In the reactor that the utility model provides, the channel size of the top assembly of described bed spacer grid leaves bed less than the catalyst granules granularity to prevent that catalyst granules from being carried by fluid; The lower part assembly is the flow channel component with inclination or tortuous runner, comprise the structured packing with inclination runner, the swash plate of cross arrangement or the random packing that accumulation is got up, when catalyst granules by the time, inclination in the said modules or tortuous flow passage structure can hinder that catalyst granules continues to move upward and be stopped the return catalizer bed.

In the up flow type hydrogenation reactor that the utility model provides, along two above beds of reactor axial distribution, the position of described anti-clogging barrier is above each bed.Because the expansion rate of beds is controlled in 5%, so the distance at barrier and static bed top should be greater than or equal to 5% height of static bed.

The beneficial effect of the up flow type hydrogenation reactor that has the anti-clogging barrier that the utility model provides is:

Flow through beds on raw material and hydrogen and the flow direction, has lower pressure drop and the increase ability falls in bigger resistance to compression, can load different beds, different catalysts can back-mixing, described anti-clogging bed spacer grid can effectively suppress the runner that the catalyst granules that carried by fluid stops up distributor or barrier, for the uniform distribution of fluid creates favorable conditions.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the up-flow reactor sketch.

Fig. 2 is for adopting the anti-clogging barrier assembly schematic diagram of structured packing.

Fig. 3 places the anti-clogging barrier assembly schematic diagram of swash plate for adopting intersection.

The anti-clogging barrier assembly schematic diagram of Fig. 4 for adopting random packing to constitute

Wherein: the 1-hydrogen inlet; 2-oil product inlet; The 3-reactor outlet; 4-taper deflection plate; The 5-reactor shell; The 6-distributor; The 7-beds supports; 8-beds barrier; The 9-beds; The 10-structured packing; The swash plate structure that the 11-intersection is placed; The 12-random packing.

The specific embodiment

The up flow type hydrogenation reactor that the utility model provides is so concrete enforcement:

As shown in Figure 1, described up flow type hydrogenation reactor comprise the bed of two beds 9, the beds bottom of distributor 6, the axial distribution of reactor bottom support 7 and bed between anti-clogging barrier 8.Hydrogen through pipeline 1 mixes with the heavy oil product of the pipeline 2 of flowing through, and enters reactor by reactor bottom, supports 7 through deflection plate 4, distributor 6 and bed and enters beds 9.Above beds, be provided with anti-clogging barrier 8.Described barrier 8 is divided into two parts up and down, top is divided into sieve plate, orifice plate, grid or the web frame of channel size less than the catalyst granules particle mean size, play the effect of distributing fluids, channel size prevents that less than the catalyst granules particle mean size catalyst granules from being carried the outflow bed by fluid; The bottom is divided into the flow channel component with inclination or tortuous runner, the swash plate that comprises structured packing, cross arrangement, or the bigger random packing of granularity have the effect of holding back catalyst granules, farthest the limiting catalyst particle arrives barrier top, prevents that catalyst granules from stopping up runner.Fluid passes through each beds 9 successively, is equipped with barrier 8 above each bed.The fluid that fully reacts in reactor is finally by outlet 3 outflow reactors.

Anti-clogging barrier lower part hold back the form that assembly can adopt structured packing, as shown in Figure 2, adopted structured packing 10.This body structure of structured packing is runner ripple silk net intersected with each other or corrugated plating, therefore when catalyst granules flow to the runner of structured packing, can slow down owing to the flow direction change and with the runner limit wall collision of tilting, be subjected to after the inhibition of runner, catalyst granules is trapped and returns bed.The runner of structured packing and the angle of horizontal direction should be greater than the angles of repose of catalyst granules, with guarantee catalyst granules move upward be obstructed after, return bed, can in the inclination runner, not pile up and stop up runner.The channel size of structured packing should prevent that particle is trapped the back and stops up runner greater than the particle diameter of catalyst granules.Because the voidage of structured packing more than 90%, therefore adopts structured packing as the barrier assembly, reactor pressure decrease can significantly not increase.

The perhaps inclination flow passage structure that provides of the swash plate of adopt to intersect placing as shown in Figure 3 11 realizes holding back the purpose of catalyst granules.The swash plate of placement intersected with each other has formed the runner that tilts between swash plate, be similar to the inclination flow passage structure that structured packing provides.Utilize the inclination runner, therefore when catalyst granules flow to the runner of structured packing, can be subjected to after the inhibition of runner because flow direction changes and slows down with the runner limit wall collision of tilting, catalyst granules is trapped and returns bed.

The angle of swash plate and horizontal direction should be greater than the angle of repose of catalyst granules, with guarantee catalyst granules move upward be obstructed after, return bed, can in the inclination runner, not pile up and stop up runner.The size of inclination runner should prevent that particle is trapped the back and stops up runner greater than the particle diameter of catalyst granules.Swash plate on same incline direction can be an a row or multi-row.Because the swash plate structure voidage of intersecting is bigger, therefore intersects swash plate as the barrier assembly, reactor pressure decrease can significantly not increase.

Also can adopt random packing form as shown in Figure 4, the tortuous runner that the random packing of accumulation provides can effectively catching by the catalyst granules that fluid carries, prevent that it from stopping up barrier or flowing out bed.The accumulation of random packing should guarantee can not produce expansion after the fluid process, and promptly fluid is through after the random packing layer, and its piling height is not more than static random packing piling height.The flow passage structure of the complications that form in the random packing layer can effectively be held back catalyst granules.Particle moves frequently to bump with random packing in runner and contacts, and energy loss is big thereby be trapped, and returns bed.

Random packing can be selected different shape for use, and for the sake of simplicity, Fig. 4 has selected spheric granules for use.After preferred random packing was piled up, accumulation horizon should have bigger voidage, makes reactor pressure decrease can obviously not increase.

In the reactor that the utility model provides, the holding back assembly and can or be tortuous runner design of described bed barrier bottom for the runner design of tilting.Can realize holding back the effect of catalyst granules by special runner form.

As shown in Figure 4, the utility model provides the tortuous runner that utilizes random packing to pile up formation to hold back catalyst granules.

Have anti-clogging runner design and have fluid distribution effect simultaneously, the catalyst granules that can effectively suppress to be carried by fluid stops up the runner of distributor or barrier, for the uniform distribution of fluid creates favorable conditions.By special barrier runner design, as tilt runner or tortuous runner, can be so that catalyst granules contacts with the collision of runner limit wall, hinder its obstruction runner that continues to move upward, the energy of catalyst granules motion is contacting the back decay with the collision of runner limit wall, be subjected to the effect of factors such as gravity, finally turn back to beds downwards.

Claims

1. up flow type hydrogenation reactor that has the anti-clogging barrier, comprise that the distributor that is positioned at reactor bottom, at least two beds, beds support and the bed spacer grid, described bed spacer grid is divided into two parts up and down, top small flow channels assembly, be sieve plate, orifice plate, grid or the web frame of channel size less than the catalyst granules granularity, assembly is held back in the lower part, for having the flow channel component of inclination or tortuous runner.

2. according to the reactor of claim 1, it is characterized in that the assembly of holding back of described bed spacer grid comprises the structured packing with inclination runner, the swash plate of cross arrangement or the random packing that accumulation is got up.

3. according to the reactor of claim 1 or 2, the distance that it is characterized in that described bed spacer grid and static bed top is greater than or equal to 5% height of static bed.