Background technology
Even all being in the no earthquake under a kind of faint vibrational state with the moment Anywhere of earth surface, amplitude is very little, and (displacement is about 10
-5~10
-3Cm), this continuous weak vibration of earth surface just is called fine motion.The fine motion signal belongs to the natural source signal, and it derives from two aspects.The one, derive from human daily routines, comprise various mechanical vibration, road traffic etc.These movable signal frequencies that produce belong to high-frequency signal source greater than 1HZ.Usually, this class fine motion signal is called as fine motion often or earth pulsation.The 2nd, derive from various spontaneous phenomenons, comprise that wave is to the variation of the flowing of the bump of seashore, river, wind, rain, air pressure etc.The signal frequency that these phenomenons produce belongs to low frequency signal source less than 1HZ.Usually.This class fine motion is called as the long wave fine motion.Fine motion does not have specific focus, vibration wave from observation station from all directions, be a kind of complex vibration of being made up of bulk wave (P ripple and S ripple) and ground roll (R wave and Love wave), wherein the energy of ground roll accounts for more than 70% of signal gross energy, carries a large amount of geophysical informations.The amplitude of fine motion signal and form be space-variantization and changing at any time, but has statistics stability in certain space-time unique, and the stationary stochastic process on pot life and the space is described.The method of utilizing above-mentioned theory to explore is called fine motion (microtremor) or is called passive source ground roll (PassiveSeurfaceWave) or is called ambient vibration (AmbientVibratinom) exploration, with different countries and regions different statements is arranged.It all is to be foundation with the stationary stochastic process theory in theory, extracts the dispersion curve of ground roll (Rayleigh ripple) from the fine motion signal, by the inverting to dispersion curve, obtains the shear wave velocity structure of underground medium.
The method of extracting the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve from the vertical component of fine motion signal adopts spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC method) and extending space correlation method (ESPAC method) or frequency-wave number method (F-K method) usually, from the fine motion record, obtained after the phase velocity curve of auspicious Leibo, adopt groups of individuals to explore difference type genetic algorithm (fGA), by the underground S wave velocity of phase velocity dispersion curve inverting structure, fine motion exploration data acquisition and data handling procedure as shown in illustration.The exploration field data collection adopts many instrument combination collections, be called array, general employing center measuring point and be that a circle or a few circle different radii circle in the center of circle gone up uniform wave detector with the central point, be no less than three on every circle, measuring point fine motion signal and central point fine motion signal must be simultaneously by acquisition and recordings on each radius, promptly, must have and be no less than four register instruments and write down (seven instrument arrays that shown in the illustration are two radiuses) simultaneously, therefore to the coherence request height of used instrument, generally require correlativity between each instrument more than 0.999, phase differential ± (3 °~5 °) in.Array fine motion depth of exploration depends on the radius size and the discrepancy in elevation of each signal data acquisition point in the array, is generally 2~5 sesquialters footpath, and the discrepancy in elevation hour depth measurement is big.Unless and outside can connecting with cable between each instrument of radius very little (tens of rice are following) or the discrepancy in elevation very little (in several meters) array, each instrument carries out independently generally speaking.For the synchronism of clock between the instrument that guarantees each observation station on the array, can adopt before observation beginning and when finishing, instrument carries out internal clocking automatically by the time reference signal that receives gps satellite to be proofreaied and correct, and writes down correcting value.When long-time observation, serve as to insert gps time at interval to proofread and correct generally with l~2h.
Based on above-mentioned principle, to form according to above-mentioned technology, the exploration of fine motion at present only is in the application of experimental exploration, does not see special-purpose fine motion prospecting instrument (or system) as yet.The critical piece of the system in combination that adopts is conventional seismic prospecting instrument in current experiments fine motion exploration applications, and is auxiliary with other parts, connects gps system separately to reach the time service function as each tableland shake instrument.The exploration system configuration state is described below:
1) common seismic prospecting instrument;
2) low-frequency seismograph (response frequency is 1Hz);
Auxiliaries such as long-range data transmission line when 3) single seismic station is explored the instrument multitrace seismogram;
4) (time reference signal that receives gps satellite carries out internal clocking automatically to be proofreaied and correct, and the record correcting value or adopt many tablelands seismic exploration instrument to carry out one-channel record, to be aided with external gps system.
As mentioned above, existing fine motion explore used instrument be non-at fine motion exploration characteristics and the specialty customization, its applicability is subjected to bigger restriction, its technology is formed structure and is had a lot of defectives:
1) fine motion signal sampling frequency and length depend on used seismograph, and the every functional parameter of conventional seismograph all is not applicable to the parameter request of fine motion exploration, as: sample frequency height, and the minimum 20Hz that needs of fine motion sample frequency; Low pass need reach 1Hz, and conventional seismograph does not also reach this generic request.
2) geophone response frequency depends on used low-frequency seismograph, the fine motion signal that can collect at present shows through data processing, the significant response frequency is greater than 2Hz, and the big depth measurement (as greater than 500m) under big (as greater than an array radius) situation of the measuring point discrepancy in elevation in an array, its useful signal just can have sound response less than 2Hz ground roll frequency often.
3) must use the long-range data transmission line during single seismic station exploration instrument multitrace seismogram, extremely inconvenient when regions with complex terrain operate, and the exploration of minor radius array can't be finished greatly the degree of depth (as greater than 300m) and explores.
4) when adopting many tablelands seismic exploration instrument to carry out situation that internal clocking proofreaies and correct automatically by the time reference signal that receives gps satellite, instrument adapted power supply is bigger, and instrument field operation such as does not move when being suitable for the exploration under the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY equally.
5) many instruments can not adapt to the real-time monitoring of fine motion long duration record, as can not in time find when invalid record occurring, influence operating efficiency.
6) data record format is the earthquake common format, is not suitable for the requirement of fine motion data processing, needs format transformation.
Because of being not adopts fine motion exploration instrumentation, above-mentioned 4), 5) under two kinds of situations, in reality exploration operation, must relate to the regular plug of circuit connecting interfaces such as each parts data transmission and circuit, the pilosity that must cause failure rate, and the constructing operation inconvenience, and the engineering that is not suitable for industry exploration such as matter is practically used.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of fine motion exploration system, and this system can overcome the defective that exists in the prior art, satisfies the instrument application requirement of fine motion exploration under the MODEL OVER COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY.
Solve above technical matters, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is: a kind of fine motion exploration system, comprise central control equipment, data acquisition recorder and low-frequency seismograph, described central control equipment is made up of master control PC and wireless transmission circuit auxiliary, the sampling parameter of datalogger is set and stored to the master control PC, send instruction through wireless transmission circuit board auxiliary to data acquisition recorder, the wireless transmission circuit auxiliary comprises a common antenna; Data acquisition recorder comprises wave filter, GPS time dissemination system, by system panel, microprocessor, LCDs, data-carrier store, wireless transmission circuit plate and built-in power, wave filter links to each other with the GPS time dissemination system, and microprocessor is respectively with the GPS time dissemination system, link to each other by system panel, LCDs, data-carrier store and wireless transmission circuit plate; Low-frequency seismograph links to each other with the wave filter of data collecting instrument to data collecting instrument input acquired signal.Data collecting instrument is gathered and record the signal of low-frequency seismograph input, by the wireless contact of common antenna realization with central control equipment.
Low-frequency seismograph links to each other with the input port of wave filter by the cycle delay circuit board.The cycle delay circuit has prolonged the natural period of low-frequency seismograph, make wave detector long period (more than the cycle 5s) low frequency fine motion signal is responded to some extent, reach the purpose of observation long period (low frequency) fine motion signal, thereby possessed the pacing items that obtains the deep formation structure.
In order in time to find fault, maintenance and inspection in time, microprocessor also links to each other with the failure alarm circuit plate.The use of this panalarm also can be avoided producing the invalid data record, has avoided the waste of activity duration.
Compared with prior art, the utlity model has following characteristics:
1) remote measurement is controlled in the multi-measuring point long radius array observation of fine motion exploration, has saved all kinds of long cables and has easily sent out fault and troublesome poeration phenomenon.
2) recording instrument parameter specific aim fine motion signal data acquisition claimed range is set, and has avoided the instrument limiting factor of original equipment.
3) employing of wave detector delay circuit has prolonged the natural period of low-frequency seismograph, make wave detector long period (more than the cycle 5s) low frequency fine motion signal is responded to some extent, reach the purpose of observation long period (low frequency) fine motion signal, thereby possessed the pacing items that obtains the deep formation structure.
4) registering instrument built-in GPS time service parts and wave detector delay circuit plate member have reduced the volume of fine motion registering instrument, than the original equipment displacement that is easy to carry.
5) reduce connector block, avoided the failure factor that causes because of operation.
6) master control supervision in the recording process and unit monitor and can see wave recording in real time, be aided with fault alarm function and made things convenient for timely discovery fault, maintenance and inspection in time, also can reduce generation that original equipment in the case can the invalid data record and the waste of activity duration.
7) master control and unit all can manual interrupt or start record, with the difference of landform, can adjust setting flexibly, treat that the array all appts all puts in place after, can regularly carve opening entry.Avoided original equipment can only fix record and moved the shortcoming of period with instrument, as, because of breaking down or just move, an instrument continues, and can not the change record time period will causing invalid.
Embodiment
Fine motion exploration system described in the utility model, comprise central control equipment, data acquisition recorder and low-frequency seismograph, described central control equipment is made up of master control PC and wireless transmission circuit auxiliary, the sampling parameter of datalogger is set and stored to the master control PC, send instruction through wireless transmission circuit board auxiliary to data acquisition recorder, the wireless transmission circuit auxiliary comprises a common antenna; Data acquisition recorder comprises wave filter, GPS time dissemination system, by system panel, microprocessor, LCDs, data-carrier store, wireless transmission circuit plate and built-in power, wave filter links to each other with the GPS time dissemination system, and microprocessor is respectively with the GPS time dissemination system, link to each other by system panel, LCDs, data-carrier store and wireless transmission circuit plate; Low-frequency seismograph links to each other with the wave filter of data collecting instrument to data collecting instrument input acquired signal.Low-frequency seismograph links to each other with the input port of wave filter by the cycle delay circuit board, and microprocessor also links to each other with the failure alarm circuit plate.
Specifying of each assembly of the utility model is as follows:
One, central control equipment (control part in being also referred to as)
By establishing software set in the master control PC and storing the sampling parameters such as sample frequency, sampling time, sampling channel and overall channel number of each data acquisition recorder, send instruction through wireless transmission circuit board auxiliary, receive the duty and the institute's image data situation that monitor and store each data collecting instrument.The said overall channel number of middle control part refers to controllable data acquisition recorder, can be set at 256 at most.
Two, data acquisition recorder
Is made up of the set of each functional part, must has in investigation and prospecting more than four by certain plane geometry position grouping layout, and carry out signals collecting and record simultaneously, it is identical to require each instrument parameters to be provided with, writing time unanimity.The function division of its building block is as follows:
1. control panel:
1) dispose all kinds of action buttons, switch, carry out the types of functionality operation, the parameter of carrying out this TV station instrument manually is provided with
2) configuration data wire transmission data-interface
3) configuration external power interface
4) sample frequency, sampling time, sampling channel that can manual this TV station acquisition and recording instrument
5) can manually set GPS time dissemination system running parameter
6) can manually set and adjusting wave filter running parameter
7) can manually set whether adopt cycle delay circuit and work gear
8) can manual log-on data collection
9) can manual liquid crystal display institute's image data and waveform.
2. LCDs:
Show the types of functionality duty, demonstration time, display power supply state, demonstration institute image data waveform etc., automatic delay function.
3. microprocessor:
The control section of data acquisition recorder, sends every steering order at reception, computing.
4. data-carrier store:
Store all kinds of parameter setting values, the data of the storage fine motion signal of gathering.
5.GPS time dissemination system:
Controlled in wireless instruction of control part or panel are provided with parameter instruction in the acceptance, and the time reference signal that receives gps satellite carries out internal clocking automatically to be proofreaied and correct, and the record correcting value.
6. wave filter:
Instruction of control part controlled in wireless or panel are provided with parameter instruction in the acceptance, to signal collected data carry out high pass and low pass overanxious.
7. cycle delay circuit plate:
The response function that adds low-frequency seismograph less than the 1Hz signal.Select optional employing or do not adopt for use by control panel control.
8. failure alarm circuit:
The configuration sound-producing device, the alarm command that the reception microprocessor sends sends failure warning.
9. wireless transmission circuit plate:
The command signal that the control part is sent in the reception is sent the working status parameter of notebook data acquisition and recording instrument and the fine motion signal data of gathering.
10. built-in endogenous:
For each building block of instrument provides power supply.Dispose 1 on chargeable high capacity 12V battery, power pack is established two engaging means, constantly charged renewals.
11. common antenna:
The common antenna of system's receiving satellite signal, notebook data registering instrument and the wireless contact of middle control part when GPS is subjected to.
Three, wave detector
Low-frequency seismograph receives ground fine motion signal, as the basic data of investigation and prospecting.Vertical component or horizontal component are optional, response frequency 1Hz.Fine motion exploration must have and is no less than four wave detectors and works simultaneously with corresponding data collecting instrument is supporting, generally requires correlativity between each wave detector more than 0.999, and phase differential exists
In.Can select other general wave detector for use,, adopt or the combination application according to exploration purpose different choice as the wave detector of middle and high response frequencies such as 10Hz, 28Hz, 60Hz.
The utility model is the pattern that adopts telemetry data acquisition system, cooperates low-frequency seismograph, satisfies fine motion exploration requirement.Telemetry data acquisition system adopts following scheme: " butt joint " transmission or remote measurement transmission after remote measurement control, solid state record, the collection have real-time Presentation Function at collection terminal.Have following function:
1) but long-time continuous transmission measurement data, also can be by the data segment transmission of master control order request certain data volume;
2) determine sample frequency, sampling time, sampling channel and overall channel number by the master control order;
3) except remote measurement control, can realize the manual control function of separate unit instrument.As the retaining of start-of-record time, record length, enlargement factor, wave filter, GPS to the time etc. every remote measurement control control project that can realize, manual control also can both realize.The input of control command can realize by the guidance panel of band liquid crystal display.Data after the collection can " be docked " and are transferred to (subsidiary " butt joint " transmitting software) in the computing machine;
4) each harvester that is dispersed in diverse location can be gathered simultaneously by master control order control, under the situation that can not receive the master control order, can directly key in acquisition by the hand-held instrument of outer tape splicing liquid crystal display;
Can be when 5) gathering at collection terminal by the real-time shows signal time domain waveform of liquid crystal display;
Sending buzzing when 6) gathering fault reports to the police;
7) data can " be docked " or computing machine is imported in remote measurement into;
8) data transmission can contain the CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Code) check, efficiently finish fault monitoring apace by software;
9) select inside and outside two kinds of power supplys power supply for use, be convenient to field operation;
10) adopt the GPS time service synchronous with the collection that guarantees each collector.
Technical indicator of the present utility model is as follows:
1) 3 passages of every acquisition and recording device, 1 controller can be controlled 256 acquisition and recording devices at most;
2) frequency acquisition: every passage 20Hz ~ 1000Hz;
3) frequency acquisition stepping: 20HZ, 50HZ, 100HZ, 200HZ, 500HZ, 1000HZ;
4) recording capacity: 〉=512MB;
5) storer has power-off protection function;
6) acquisition precision: 24Bit;
7) signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio): 〉=90dB;
8) gain: 1,10,30,100,300,1,000 six grades;
9) signal type: voltage signal, the input of both-end difference;
10) signal voltage range: ± 0.01mv~± 50mv;
11) the synchronous cumulative errors of each interchannel: in 1 hour less than 0.3ms;
12) every acquisition and recording device comprises prime amplifier (optional being placed in the wave detector) and active filter;
13) low-pass filter stepping: 1HZ, 5HZ, 10HZ, 20HZ, all-pass;
14) gather Starting mode: gather immediately, (delay time can be set arbitrarily) gathered in time-delay; Under the situation that can not receive the master control order, can directly key in acquisition;
Can be when 15) gathering in the real-time shows signal time domain waveform of collection terminal by liquid crystal display;
16) liquid crystal display adopts manual unlocking and closes, but and automatic delay function;
17) working temperature: – (does not contain 5 ℃~+ 40 ℃ of – of battery) , (containing battery) for 20 ℃~+ 50 ℃;
18) power supply mode; Built-in rechargeable battery power supply, the external power power supply;
19) internal battery stream time: the hand-held instrument of calculating sensor and outer tape splicing liquid crystal display is powered, but continuous working 12 hours;
20) wireless working frequency range: public frequency range;
21) wireless transmission distance: 2Km;
22) wireless data sending speed: 1.2Kbps or 9.6Kbps;
23) wired digital transmission speed: 800Kbps;
24) GPS time service mode: available GPS time service, also can force time service, the GPS time service is switch artificially.