CN201690377U - Global maximum power point tracking device of photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Global maximum power point tracking device of photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN201690377U CN201690377U CN2010201134782U CN201020113478U CN201690377U CN 201690377 U CN201690377 U CN 201690377U CN 2010201134782 U CN2010201134782 U CN 2010201134782U CN 201020113478 U CN201020113478 U CN 201020113478U CN 201690377 U CN201690377 U CN 201690377U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a global maximum power point tracking device of a photovoltaic power generation system, which comprises a photovoltaic battery array and an output voltage detection circuit and an output current detection circuit of the photovoltaic battery array. The global maximum power point tracking device of the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises a controller which has an A/D conversion and PWM pulse width modulation output terminal, in which a global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program is built, and a BOOST circuit. One circuit of the output terminal of the photovoltaic battery array is connected with the output voltage detection circuit of the photovoltaic battery array and one circuit is connected with the output current detection circuit. The output terminals of the output voltage detection circuit and the output current detection circuit of the photovoltaic battery array are respectively connected with the input terminal of the controller. The control output terminal of the controller controls the BOOST circuit through a PWM driving circuit. The other circuit of the output terminal of the photovoltaic battery array is connected with the input terminal of the BOOST circuit. The output terminal of the BOOST circuit is connected with load. The utility model can automatically adjust according to practical situation to realize the maximum output power of the photovoltaic battery array so that the system has higher electrical energy conversion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to power electronics and automatic control technology field, relates in particular to a kind of solar photovoltaic generation system and is operated in global maximum power point tracking means under the complex conditions.
Background technology
MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology is studied at improving solar cell power generation efficient.
In solar photovoltaic generation system, solar cell is the most basic link, if will improve the conversion efficiency that overall system efficiency must improve solar cell, makes its power output for maximum.Yet the P-V characteristic of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell has non-linear, and it is along with the variation of external environment (temperature, intensity of sunshine, block etc.) and change, so bad control.But, a certain specific temperature or intensity of sunshine always exist a maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP).Therefore, add the control of corresponding system, solar cell is always worked on the MPP,, improve the conversion efficiency of battery to realize maximum power output by certain algorithm.
The maximum power output of solar battery array is mainly finished based on adjust load curve under the environmental condition that changes, and this also is the fundamental basis of present all maximum power tracking methods.Therefore along with the variation of temperature and sun intensity, constantly adjust the output loading working point, solar battery array is on the corresponding peak power output point always.
MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method that solar photovoltaic generation system is commonly used has: disturbance observation, conductance increment method, decide voltage-tracing, power feedback method, optimum gradient method, stagnate and encircle comparison method, intermittent scanning, fuzzy control method, monitor method, neural network prediction method and power match method in real time.
The research of MPPT aspect control theory mainly concentrates on:
(1) optimal control is promptly by setting up the optimization efficiency Mathematical Modeling, structure method for solving, thereby the output that draws the photovoltaic generating system maximum power;
(2) fuzzy logic control, thus it does not need modulator output voltage to avoid the part power loss, by definition input variable and output variable and finish the control of MPPT by the fuzzy logic principle in the MATLAB tool box;
(3) artificial neural net control takes place to make the precision of system and stability be improved, effectively Maximum Power Output under the intermittent situation about changing at weather;
(4) adaptive control improves at the shortcoming of fixed step size optimizing, the maximum power of tracking solar photovoltaic array faster, and have higher tracking accuracy;
(5) quadratic interpolattion, though the output characteristic of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell is non-linear, but at a time its power output can be led continuously with respect to duty ratio, has and only have a limit, therefore adopts quadratic interpolattion to carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking and has tracking performance preferably.
From the MPPT maximum power point tracking progress of research, no matter be power electronic technology application facet or aspect control theory, its research basis all is based on two kinds of methods i.e. disturbance observation, conductance increment method.These methods mainly are adapted to exist on the P-V characteristic single peak point situation, yet will there be a plurality of local maximum power points in the cell panel of photovoltaic generating system P-V characteristic curve under the condition of partial occlusion, so conventional MPPT method can not adapt to well at environmental catastrophe, and under partial occlusion complex conditions such as (as cloud layer, building, plants etc.), the working condition of photovoltaic generating system maximum power output.Therefore to seek the method for global maximum power point fast be very significant in design, and design simultaneously can improve the global maximum power point tracking means that photoelectric conversion efficiency can reduce cost again and be very important.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provide a kind of simple in structure, cost is low and photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means with higher solar cell power generation efficient.
For achieving the above object, the utility model is taked following design:
A kind of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, it comprises output voltage, the output current detection circuit of photovoltaic battery array and photovoltaic battery array; It also comprises:
One controller, it has A/D conversion and PWM (pulse-width modulation) output, and controller chip is built-in with global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program;
One BOOST circuit; The output one tunnel of described photovoltaic battery array connects the output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic battery array, and one the tunnel connects output current detection circuit, the input of the described controller of output termination of the output voltage of described photovoltaic battery array, output current detection circuit; The control output of described controller is through PWM drive circuit control BOOST circuit; The output of photovoltaic battery array connects the input of BOOST circuit; The output of BOOST circuit connects load.
The dsp chip that described controller employing model is TMS320F28027 is good.
The utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means is based on global maximum power point tracking technique (the Global Maximum Power Point Tracking under the complex conditions, GMPPT) improve the electric energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic battery array, make photovoltaic battery array at environmental catastrophe, and under partial occlusion complex conditions such as (as cloud layer, building, plants etc.), photovoltaic generating system always works in maximum power point (mpp).GMPPT control algolithm program is housed in the controller, by detecting output voltage, the output current of photovoltaic battery array, utilize the GMPPT Mathematical Modeling of setting up in the GMPPT Control Software that combines based on disturbance observation and adaptive method to come the position of maximum power point in the judgement system, adopt PWM (pulse-width modulation) control method, automatically the output current of adjusting photovoltaic generating system is followed the tracks of global maximum power point, realizes the GMPPT function thus.
The utility model has the advantages that:
(1) this controller has the global maximum power point track algorithm under complex conditions, can automatically adjust to realize the power output of photovoltaic battery array maximum according to actual conditions, makes it have higher electric energy conversion efficiency.
(2) cost is lower, is compared to lowly, simple in structure with the quasi-controller cost at present, has vast market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of compositionality block diagram of the utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means.
Fig. 3 is the built-in GMPPT algorithm routine flow chart of photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means.
Fig. 4 is this photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking means GMPP trace mode.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments the utility model is described in further details:
Embodiment
Consult shown in Figure 1ly, the utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means includes output voltage, the output current detection circuit 3,4 of photovoltaic battery array 1 and photovoltaic battery array; Its innovative point is also to have designed a controller 6 and a BOOST circuit 2; Described controller has A/D conversion and PWM (pulse-width modulation) output, and controller is built-in with global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) control algolithm program; The output one tunnel of described photovoltaic battery array connects the output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic battery array, and one the tunnel connects output current detection circuit, the input of the described controller 6 of output termination of the output voltage of described photovoltaic battery array, output current detection circuit 3,4; The control output of controller 6 is through PWM drive circuit 5 control BOOST circuit 2; The output of BOOST circuit meets load 7 (R
L).
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, having adopted model for controller 6 among this embodiment is the TMS320F28027DSP chip, is embedded with the global maximum power point track algorithm program of photovoltaic battery array under complex conditions in this dsp chip.The 38 pin output pwm control signal of this controller core parts dsp chip U5, by PWM drive circuit U4 (mosfet driver UCC27424) control BOOST circuit, under the environmental condition that complexity changes, adjust the maximum power output that load curve is realized solar battery array to finish.Wherein, the BOOST circuit unit has comprised the M1 in the circuit theory diagrams, L1, D1, the C1 part is universal element circuit, the output of photovoltaic battery array is connected to the drain electrode of high power valve M1 by inductance L 1, be connected to the anode of Schottky diode D1 simultaneously, the negative electrode of Schottky diode D1 is connected to the positive pole of electrochemical capacitor C1, is connected to load RL again.The 38 pin output pwm control signal of controller core parts dsp chip U5 is to 2 pin of pwm driver U4, and 7 pin of U4 export the grid of high power valve M1 to.Negative pole, the load of the source electrode of the negative electrode of photovoltaic cell and high power valve M1, electrochemical capacitor C1 are connected to ground.
Referring to shown in Figure 2, the output voltage detecting circuit of described photovoltaic battery array is made of first resistance R 1 and second resistance R, 2 bleeder circuits and proportional amplifier, wherein, the UA of the voltage of photovoltaic battery array 1 output after first resistance R 1 and second resistance R, 2 dividing potential drops inserts inverting input 2 pin of proportional amplifier U3A again by resistance R 5, and A/D input 8 pin of dsp chip U5 are received in the output of proportional amplifier U3A.
Among Fig. 2, series connection adds a small resistor R3 in the output loop of photovoltaic battery array, by detecting both end voltage, deliver to current detecting chip U1A, voltage follower U2A is received in the output of U1A, the output of voltage follower U2A is connected to A/D input 9 pin of dsp chip, is used for the photovoltaic battery array output current and detects.
In real work, photovoltaic battery array is under the sunlight strength sudden change conditions, and the peak power output of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell array is also different under the condition of blocking, and this characteristic is also relevant with the temperature of cell panel, temperature raises, and the power output of cell panel just descends.In order under different condition, to obtain maximum power output, need choose the working point of the voltage and current of best photovoltaic battery array from photovoltaic battery array.Design the GMPPT control algolithm in the dsp controller that the utility model photovoltaic battery array global maximum power point tracking means adopts, can realize maximum power output, thereby improved the conversion ratio of solar energy.This GMPPT control algolithm is with conventional disturbance observation and adaptive method a kind of new algorithm routine designed in conjunction, referring to Fig. 3, at first, system initialization (comprising the timer initialization that is used for the A/D conversion of dsp processor etc.); Disconnecting consumers, dsp processor are gathered photovoltaic battery array open circuit voltage Voc, and the given voltage V of photovoltaic battery array is set subsequently
r=Voc*90%; Is the timer sampling time that is used for the A/D conversion of judging dsp processor to denying? if arrive, then gather photovoltaic battery array voltage V and electric current I, and calculate this power P constantly thus; The timer time of A/D conversion for the first time arrives in this way, flag bit Direction=-1 then is set, show and to carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, if Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, wherein Δ V is about 60% of a photovoltaic cell open circuit voltage, be disturbance unit's step-length, then go back to step and judge that the timer sampling time of dsp processor A/D conversion is to program not; The non-A/D conversion timing device time first time arrives, and then continues to carry out: calculate
, based on conventional disturbance observation (P﹠amp; O) principle seek local maximum power point (LocalMaximum Power Point, LMPP), if
Flag bit Direction=1 then is set, shows, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, go back to step and judge that the timer sampling time of dsp processor A/D conversion arrives program not and continues circulation carrying out disturbance on this electrical voltage point the right; If
Flag bit Direction=-1 then is set, shows and to carry out disturbance on this electrical voltage point left side, establish Vr=V+ Δ V*Direction, also go back to step afterwards and judge that the timer sampling time of dsp processor A/D conversion is to the program continuation circulation denying; If
Then show and find LMPP, a left side is set disturbs sign Direction=-1, and deposit the value of this point (LMPP) voltage, power in Vmax_last, Pmax_last, continue execution step down: is the timer sampling time of judging the A/D conversion to denying? if arrive, dsp processor is gathered the voltage V and the electric current I of this sampling instant photovoltaic array battery, and calculate this power P constantly, obtain new power increment Δ P=P-Pmax_last; Δ P and Δ P1, Δ P2 are compared: if Δ P
1＜| Δ P|＜Δ P
2, show that solar irradiance has sudden change, or block generation, or from not blocking or not, then call and follow the trail of GMPP subprogram (, not giving unnecessary details) herein referring to shown in Figure 4.Here Δ P
1Be meant that in a sampling period normal solar energy irradiation changes the maximum changing value of the power of caused photovoltaic array output.Δ P
2Be meant the maximum power variation value that array can bear.If | Δ P|≤Δ P
1Or | Δ P| 〉=Δ P
2, show that illumination do not have sudden change or do not exist and block, or Δ P is unusual.Continue to go back to step and judge that the timer sampling time of dsp processor A/D conversion is to program cycle not.
Wherein conventional disturbance observation is used to seek local maximum power point LMPP, and adaptive method is improving aspect the direction of optimizing, the maximum power of tracking solar photovoltaic array faster, and have higher tracking accuracy.At first, the given voltage of photovoltaic battery array is set, and, progressively approaches the maximum power point (GMPP) of photovoltaic battery array by following the trail of local maximum LMPP according to the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic battery array, thus the output that draws the photovoltaic generating system maximum power.
Follow the trail of on (GMPPT) algorithm design from global maximum power point, can judge the situation of blocking from nothing, and can the P-V characteristic curve when nothing is blocked jump to P-V characteristic curve when blocking, carry out the tracking of global maximum power point GMPP, thereby reach rapidity, stability and the accuracy of MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process, realize that photovoltaic array is in illumination sudden change and the maximum power output of photovoltaic generating system solar cell under complex conditions such as partial occlusion.
The various embodiments described above can not break away under the scope of the present utility model in addition some variations, thus above explanation comprises and accompanying drawing shown in structure should be considered as exemplary, but not in order to limit the protection range that the utility model is applied for a patent.
Claims (4)
1. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means, it comprises output voltage, the output current detection circuit of photovoltaic battery array and photovoltaic battery array; It is characterized in that also comprising:
One controller, it has A/D conversion and PWM pulse-width modulation output, and controller is built-in with global maximum power point tracking control algorithm program;
One BOOST circuit;
The output one tunnel of described photovoltaic battery array connects the output voltage detecting circuit of photovoltaic battery array, one the tunnel connects output current detection circuit, and the output voltage of this photovoltaic battery array, the output of output current detection circuit connect the input of described controller respectively again; The control output end of described controller is through PWM drive circuit control BOOST circuit; Another road output of described photovoltaic battery array connects the input of BOOST circuit, and the output of BOOST circuit connects load.
2. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is the dsp chip of TMS320F28027 that described controller adopts model.
3. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output current detection circuit of described photovoltaic battery array is made of a current detecting chip and a voltage follower, the output of current detecting chip connects the input of voltage follower, and the output of voltage follower is connected to the input of controller.
4. photovoltaic generating system global maximum power point tracking means according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the output voltage detecting circuit of described photovoltaic battery array is by first resistance (R1) and second resistance (R2) bleeder circuit and proportional amplifier formation, connect the input of proportional amplifier after first resistance (R1) and second resistance (R2) dividing potential drop, the output of proportional amplifier is connected to the input of controller.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102291050A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2011-12-21 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Maximum power point tracking method and device for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102594211A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-18 | 北京工商大学 | Optimizing method and tracking device for output power of partially shielded photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102609030A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-07-25 | 大连海事大学 | Maximum power point tracking device of marine photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN103529899A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-22 | 深圳市禾望电气有限公司 | MPPT controller, power tracking device, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system |
| CN104836524A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 成都锐奕信息技术有限公司 | Cell sampling circuit for solar power generation system |
| CN104898758A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-09 | 上海电机学院 | Photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus and method |
| CN105739595A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Device and method for tracing maximum power point under partial shade of photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN107272814A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-20 | 华南理工大学 | The MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity |
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2010
- 2010-02-08 CN CN2010201134782U patent/CN201690377U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102291050A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2011-12-21 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Maximum power point tracking method and device for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102594211A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-18 | 北京工商大学 | Optimizing method and tracking device for output power of partially shielded photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102609030A (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2012-07-25 | 大连海事大学 | Maximum power point tracking device of marine photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102609030B (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-04-15 | 大连海事大学 | Maximum power point tracking device of marine photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN103529899A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-01-22 | 深圳市禾望电气有限公司 | MPPT controller, power tracking device, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system |
| CN103529899B (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-10-21 | 深圳市禾望电气股份有限公司 | MPPT controller, power tracking device, photovoltaic generation and accumulator system |
| CN104898758A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-09-09 | 上海电机学院 | Photovoltaic array maximum power tracing apparatus and method |
| CN104836524A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-12 | 成都锐奕信息技术有限公司 | Cell sampling circuit for solar power generation system |
| CN105739595A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-07-06 | 河海大学 | Device and method for tracing maximum power point under partial shade of photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN105739595B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2017-06-16 | 河海大学 | Maximum power point tracking device and method under photovoltaic generating system local shades |
| CN107272814A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-10-20 | 华南理工大学 | The MPPT control method that a kind of photovoltaic off-grid generates electricity |
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