CN201601982U - Combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a combine harvester which comprises a harvesting platform, a threshing device, a running device, a part capable of being driven in a reciprocating way and a transverse axle center, wherein the harvesting platform is positioned in front of the running device, and adjoins with the threshing device; the upper one of at least two of the clamping devices of the harvesting platform is positioned in front of a feeding hole of the threshing device; and the threshing device is arranged above the running device, and is longitudinally connected with the running device through the part capable of being driven in a reciprocating way and the transverse axle center. The combine harvester can be used for harvesting lodging grains, reduces the harvest loss rate, optimizes the mechanical structure, and improves the reliability and the operation efficiency.

Description

A kind of combine

Technical field

The utility model relates to agricultural harvesting machinery, and more specifically, the utility model relates to a kind of combine.

Background technology

In recent years, domestic crops mechanical harvesting development is very fast, and regional mechanized harvest rate surpasses 75% to the north of the Changjiang river.And existing grain header major part is large-scale grain header, and generally more than 220cm, the type of grain header is big for swath, for south more less than 1 mu little field piece, large-scale grain header operation down on the farm is more not nimble.In addition, the earth moisture of southern field piece is big, and earth is more molten, and large-scale grain header walking can produce darker mud groove in cultivated land, destroy plough smooth, has reduced harvesting efficiency.

Usually, middle-size and small-size combine mainly is divided into two types of full feed type combine and half-feed combine harvesters.For the full feed type combine, be typically disclosed a kind of all feeding-in combine in the application for a patent for invention that the application number of submitting on September 12nd, 2002 is 02138276.X with cutting off apparatus.This combine comprises: the ceding of Taiwan that the place ahead of running gear is arranged, and the cutting off apparatus that ceding of Taiwan rear hangs is used to help and guide the straw shift wheel of crop, is used to cut the cutter of ear of crops portion; In addition, conveyer is concentrated ear of crops portion, is transported to the sheller unit of ceding of Taiwan back upper place by middle conveyer.When this combine gathered in operation, straw shift wheel is stirred ear of crops portion from top to bottom made it rely on cutter, and this stirring for south mostly for easily falling the crops of grain is easy to cause a large amount of grain to drop and is lost in the field; Cutter cuts off ear of crops portion and makes its disconnected automatically dropping in the conveyer, the process conveyer pushes concentrated, by conveyer in the middle of acclivitous crops is transported to the higher sheller unit in position, in course of conveying, crops all can the direct collision facility, cause the threshing of ear of crops portion.The crops grain that comes off behind the collision facility is difficult to arrive sheller unit by the middle conveyer that tilts, and can directly drop in the field, and the harvesting proportion of goods damageds are higher.In addition, such harvesting machine cut stubble is higher, influences the walking of combination machine and the subsequent job in field.The separating mechanism of existing full feed type combine mostly is cylinder type, and long to the separating mechanism operating distance from cutting mechanism, power consumption is bigger.

For half-feed combine harvester, be typically the application number of submitting on December 27th, 1996 and be disclosed combine in 96123612.4 the application for a patent for invention.This combine utilizes grain lifter and holds up straight device that crops are collected, pick up standing grain, chain type clamping and hold conveying through belt together from ear of crops portion and bar portion that crop root part cuts off, ear of crops portion and bar portion carry out threshing through the later half feeding sheller unit of upset level.Though this grain header can hang down the stubble harvesting, the crops bar portion of clamping influences the running of sheller unit easily, often falls in the running gear of grain header, influences normally advancing of grain header.The upset of crops before not delivering to sheller unit causes the grain threshing loss easily, and crops are held under the arm handle during in addition owing to threshing, need the secondary threshing just to take off totally, and there is the bigger defective of power consumption equally in the drive mechanism complexity.Because the separating mechanism by comb-threshing-type or drum-type carries out threshing, percentage of damage is higher, and operating efficiency is low.

As can be seen, no matter existing combine is full feed type or semi-feeding type, all has one or more following problem: long crops bar portion all can cause the grain loss when conveying, threshing or discharge, consume more power; The harvesting position is connected by intermediate conveyor mechanism with the threshing position, and consumed power is bigger, the threshing efficiency deficiency; Do not control effectively for the harvesting amount, cause easily and collect crops more after a little while, cut off the back crops and drop, collect crops more for a long time, harvesting or conveying are not exclusively; Height cuts the follow-up farm work of stubble influence, perhaps can not gather in fully.

The utility model content

For overcoming the existing defective that the combine harvesting efficiency is low, power consumption is big, loss is high, the utility model proposes a kind of combine.

According to an aspect of the present utility model, a kind of combine has been proposed, comprising: header, sheller unit, running gear, the back and forth driver part and the transverse axis heart;

Wherein, described header is positioned at described running gear the place ahead, and with described sheller unit adjacency, wherein said header comprises that two or more seize device on both sides by the arms, described sheller unit comprises feeding mouth, described two or more seize device on both sides by the arms be positioned at the front end of described feeding mouth than a clamper on top;

Described sheller unit be positioned at described running gear directly over, described sheller unit vertically is connected with described running gear with the described transverse axis heart by described back and forth driver part; Drive described header and described sheller unit by described back and forth driver part respectively around the following in the heart motion of described transverse axis.

Wherein, described header is positioned at the front portion of described combine, and described header can be adjusted up and down with respect to described sheller unit, and perhaps described header and described sheller unit one make up.

Wherein, described header comprises two or more nearside dividers, two or more hold up straight device, two or more seize device on both sides by the arms, two or more are drawn together into dish, two cutters; Described nearside divider is positioned at the front end of described header, the rear of described nearside divider is attached with the described straight device of holding up, described holding up is furnished with two or more that be positioned on the same vertical axes behind the straight device and draws together into dish, described two or more draw together into the dish side a described device of seizing on both sides by the arms respectively be housed, wherein, described each draw together into dish described the seize device corresponding and be positioned at same horizontal plane with it, described drawing together into dish and described clamper the two acting in conjunction corresponding with it come the clamping crops; Described two cutters lay respectively at described two and draw together into dish and seize the below of device on both sides by the arms, and described two cutters are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular with the vertical direction of crops.

Wherein, described nearside divider liftable on described header; Distance between the place ahead tip of described adjacent nearside divider is adjustable, to adjust the collecting amount of crops; Described nearside divider is a triangle rhombus iron, slightly has radian; Describedly hold up straight device to comprise that the space width of holding up straight-tooth is 15cm by holding up the straight-tooth of holding up of plane rotation that straight chain drives; It is described that to hold up the length of straight-tooth be 10-20cm.

Wherein, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms is an elastomeric element, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms is narrower and adjustable up and down respectively, described front end of seizing device on both sides by the arms and describedly draw together the inlet that forms into the dish crops in the middle of described two nearside dividers, described rear end of seizing device on both sides by the arms is released in the described header outside with harvested crops bar portion.

Wherein, there is 20-50 ° angle between the cylinder axis of described sprocket wheel trend of drawing together dish and described sheller unit.

Wherein, described cutter comprises cutter and following cutter, and described upward cutter and following cutter are adjustable up and down respectively, and described upper and lower cutter are respectively reciprocating type cutter, are arranged in parallel.

Wherein, described position, horizontal back of going up cutter, the two horizontal alternate 50-120mm at described cutter down; Between the described feeding mouth of going up cutter and described sheller unit at a distance of 0-200mm; The bottom of the feeding mouth of described sheller unit is in the vertical than the described low 3-8cm of cutter that goes up.

Wherein, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms comprises two toothed wheel, seizes chain on both sides by the arms and seizes bar on both sides by the arms; The described chain of seizing on both sides by the arms is the profile of tooth chain, and the described chain of seizing on both sides by the arms is enclosed within on described two toothed wheel meshing rotating operation; Describedly seize the band iron that bar is two arc on both sides by the arms, be positioned at the described chain side of seizing on both sides by the arms.

Wherein, described running gear is the crawler type self-propelled chassis, is furnished with self adaptation in the crawler belt and adjusts steamboat, adaptability ground kiss the earth when on the ground of advancing transition being arranged; Perhaps described running gear is the wheel formula running gear that does not need crawler belt.

Generally speaking, combine provided by the utility model can gather in the lodging standing grain, reduces the harvesting proportion of goods damageds, optimizes frame for movement, improves reliability and harvesting operating efficiency.Particularly, use nearside divider spike of rice that separately will gather in and the spike of rice of not preparing to gather in, it is unclear and make spike of rice because the body contact causes threshing in advance to avoid gathering in the boundary line.Use that less plane is revolving holds up straight device, also can be held up straight collection, but also can further not reduce power consumption owing to holding up straight-tooth excessive and impact to closing on field even spike of rice lodges fully.By two seize on both sides by the arms device seize on both sides by the arms the last of the crops that are collected and under bar portion position, use two cutters that crops are cut into root, bar portion and fringe portion three parts.Seize the fringe portion that cutting can avoid being cut off on both sides by the arms and fall down to collide threshing, two cutters cut simultaneously, effectively realize low cutting stubble; Bar portion is emitted on the field by the device of seizing on both sides by the arms of below, and convenient the collection cleared up; Fringe portion is seized on both sides by the arms and sends sheller unit to by the device of seizing on both sides by the arms of top, has improved threshing efficiency, has also avoided taking cereal out of when a large amount of crops bar portions discharge after the threshing, reduces the harvesting loss.Sheller unit and cutter adjacent coupled, after ear of crops portion is seized on both sides by the arms and is cut off, directly feed sheller unit, save intermediate carrier structure and fringe portion upset transmission space that the long distance of crops is carried, effectively optimized housing construction, alleviated complete machine weight, reduced power consumption, more suitable southern crops harvesting operation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the header vertical view according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model;

Fig. 4 is the header front view according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model; With

Fig. 5 is for seizing the device front view on both sides by the arms according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments a kind of combine that the utility model provides is described in detail.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively according to the front view of the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model and vertical view.As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, combine comprises header 1, manipulation device 2, sheller unit 3, lifter 4, cleaning plant 5, engine 6, the transverse axis heart 7, running gear 8, reciprocal driver part 9.Header 1 is positioned at the place ahead of running gear 8, and directly is connected or adjacency with sheller unit 3, and two or more of header 1 are seized a front end that is positioned at the feeding mouth 17 of sheller unit 3 than top of device 12 on both sides by the arms.Sheller unit 3 is positioned at the top of running gear 8, vertically is connected with running gear 8 with the transverse axis heart 7 by reciprocal driver part 9.Back and forth driver part 9 is positioned at the middle part of running gear 8 tops, and the transverse axis heart 7 is positioned at the afterbody of running gear 8 tops, and header 1 and sheller unit 3 can drive around swinging up and down of the transverse axis heart 7 by reciprocal driver part 9.Engine 6 is positioned at the rear of sheller unit 3, is connected with running gear 8.Cleaning plant 5 is positioned at the top, rear end of sheller unit 3, is connected with sheller unit 3 by lifter 4.Manipulation device 2 is connected with running gear 8, is positioned at the front upper place of sheller unit 3.Running gear 8 links to each other with main drive gear respectively with header 1, can realize regulating respectively control.

In some embodiments, running gear 8 is crawler type self-propelled chassises, going for the light of yielding ground and field climbs, include self adaptation in the crawler belt and adjust steamboat, adaptability ground kiss the earth when there is transition on the ground of advancing, and can not cause crawler belt and interior wheel spacing excessive, garage is not steady.In some embodiments, running gear 8 is the wheel formula running gears that do not need crawler belt, is applicable on the more smooth and harder soil and advances fast.

In some embodiments, header 1 is positioned at the forefront of combine, and integral body can be adjusted up and down with respect to sheller unit 3.In other embodiments, header 1 is in highly fixing position with respect to sheller unit 3.In a further embodiment, header 1 and sheller unit 3 one make up, and two or more of header 1 are seized feeding mouth 17 front ends that are coupled to sheller unit 3 than top of device 12 on both sides by the arms.

In some embodiments, can control the collecting amounts of crops by the speed of service of regulating running gear 8, when running gear 8 operations were fast, collecting amount was big in the unit interval.

Continuation is with reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, and in one embodiment, header 1 comprises that two nearside dividers 10, two hold up straight device 11, two to seize device 12, two on both sides by the arms and draw together into dish 13 and two cutters 14, seizes device 12 on both sides by the arms and comprises and seize bar 15 on both sides by the arms and seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms.In another embodiment, header 1 can comprise a plurality of nearside dividers 10, a plurality ofly holds up straight device 11, a plurality ofly seizes device 12 on both sides by the arms, a plurality ofly draw together into dish 13, two cutters 14 and seize bar 15 on both sides by the arms and seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms, be applicable to and gather in more field simultaneously, perhaps be applicable to the situation that horizontal harvesting area increases.Wherein, nearside divider 10, hold up straight device 11, seize device 12 on both sides by the arms, draw together into the quantity of dish 13 identical or corresponding, that is to say, nearside divider 10, seize device 12 on both sides by the arms, drawing together should be corresponding identical into the quantity of dish 13, and the number of holding up straight device 11 according to actual crops lodging situation whether needs hold up directly can be identical, perhaps correspondingly reduce number.In the embodiment of following Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, header 1 will be held up straight device 11, two to seize device 12, two on both sides by the arms by two nearside dividers 10, two and draw together into dish 13 and describe in detail, be appreciated that the quantity of these parts is not limited to two, can correspondingly increase.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively header vertical view and the front views according to the combine of an embodiment of the present utility model.As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, header 1 comprises that two nearside dividers 10, two hold up straight device 11, two to seize device 12, two on both sides by the arms and draw together into dish 13 and two cutters 14, seizes device 12 on both sides by the arms and comprises and seize bar 15 on both sides by the arms and seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms.Two nearside dividers 10 lay respectively at header 1 foremost, and the rear of two nearside dividers 10 is attached with two of holding up 11, two of straight devices to hold up straight device 11 back to be equipped with to be arranged in up and down on the same vertical axes respectively and draws together into dish 13.Draw together respectively to be equipped with into dish 13 sides at two and seize device 12 on both sides by the arms, the last dish 13 of drawing together is seized device 12 on both sides by the arms on same horizontal plane with last, down draw together dish 13 with than under seize device 12 on both sides by the arms also on same horizontal plane.Last 12 1 of the devices of seizing on both sides by the arms cooperate with drawing together into dish 13 of side, and the other end is facing to the feeding mouth 17 of sheller unit 3.13 1 of the devices of seizing on both sides by the arms cooperate with drawing together into dish 13 of side, and the other end is by the combining pusher side; Two cutters 14 lay respectively at two and draw together into dish 13 and seize the below of device 12 on both sides by the arms, and two cutters 14 are parallel and be arranged vertically with the grain header side.

In one embodiment, nearside divider 10 is a triangle rhombus iron, slightly has radian.In another embodiment, nearside divider 10 is liftable on header 1, when being not used in harvesting or when harvesting ground is soft, low-lying, can raise.In yet another embodiment, the place ahead tip of nearside divider 10 can be over against field, and the distance between the adjacent tip is regulated in perhaps outside, inwardly adjustment, adjusts the collecting amount of crops with this.During header 1 operation, be positioned at outermost nearside divider 10 separately the crops in the outside divide toward header 1 outside (when two nearside dividers 10 of existence, crops are separately divided outside header 1), just do not collect and do not expect the crops of gathering in, and only that it is inboard crops expect that promptly the crops of gathering in collect.

In one embodiment, hold up straight device 11 comprise by hold up that straight chain drives can the plane rotation hold up straight-tooth, hold up the space width of straight-tooth to be generally 15cm, but can adjust the spacing of tooth according to gait of march.In addition, hold up the length of straight-tooth to be generally 10-20cm, length can reduce deadweight and corresponding power consumption like this much smaller than the existing straight-tooth of holding up.

In one embodiment, seize device 12 on both sides by the arms and be generally elastomeric element, elasticity band iron for example can be adjusted the collecting amounts of crops.Seize device 12 on both sides by the arms and cooperate to come clamping with drawing together into dish 13, the inlet of the two formation is over against the direct of travel backward of the crops of two nearside dividers, 10 centres.In another embodiment, it is narrower usually and respectively up and down adjustable to seize device 12 on both sides by the arms, when the clamping crops, can directly not clip to fringe portion, and fringe portion and other machinery existence are contacted.

In one embodiment, draw together into dish 13 and clamper 12 and cooperate the clamping crops to transport to the front end of cutter 14.Draw together between the cylinder axis of the sprocket wheel trend of dish 13 and sheller unit 3 and have 20-50 ° angle, preferably have 30-50 ° angle.

In one embodiment, cutter 14 generally includes cutter and following cutter, and the two is adjustable up and down respectively.The adjustment of following cutter is in order to adapt to the demand of low cutting stubble.The adjustment of last cutter can obtain the crops bar portion that tries one's best few corresponding to the adjustment of clamper 12 above cutter during cutting.Usually, two groups of cutter are respectively reciprocating type cutter, are arranged in parallel up and down, laterally do not have range difference.Preferably, last cutter are at the position, horizontal back of following cutter, the two horizontal alternate 50-120mm.Like this, after cut off the bottom, centralized collection was carried out the top cutting, caused threshing with regard to not pulling crops because collecting amount is big like this.Between the feeding mouth 17 of last cutter and sheller unit 3 at a distance of 0-200mm, preferably, 150-200mm apart between the feeding mouth 17 of last cutter and sheller unit 3.It is in order to install, adjust facility that last cutter and feeding mouth 17 maintain a certain distance, equally also can complete machine integrally manufactured, goes up like this between cutter and the feeding mouth 17 laterally can not have spacing, directly coupling.The bottom of the feeding mouth 17 of sheller unit 3 vertically than on cutter low, preferably hang down 3-8cm.

Fig. 5 is the front view of seizing device 12 on both sides by the arms according to the combine of another embodiment of the present utility model.As shown in Figure 5, seize device 12 on both sides by the arms and comprise that two toothed wheel 18, one seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms and seize bar 15 on both sides by the arms.Seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms and be the profile of tooth chain, seize chain 16 on both sides by the arms to be enclosed within on two toothed wheel 18 meshing rotating operation; Seizing bar 15 two on both sides by the arms is the band iron of arc, is positioned to seize chain 16 sides on both sides by the arms.The clamper 12 clamping crops bar portions of bottom, an outside of stretching to header of the supporting rod 15 of the clamper 12 of bottom, by supporting rod 15 during harvesting one is discharged into the field with the bar portions of harvested crops.

Grain header is when gathering in operation, and running gear 8 drives grain header and moves forward.According to job requirements, drive headers 1 and sheller unit 3 around the transverse axis heart 7 height up and down by reciprocal driver part 9.During harvesting, that the nearside divider 10 of header 1 separately will gather in and do not prepare the crops of gathering in.Hold up straight device 11 crops to be held up directly from root, and collect the crops that to gather in by the plane rotation of holding up straight-tooth.The last bar portion that device 12 is seized the ear of crops subordinate side that is collected on both sides by the arms, the bar portion of the close crop root part of clamper 12 clampings down of seizing on both sides by the arms.Two cutters 14 cut into crop root part, crops bar portion and ear of crops portion three parts with crops.Root is stayed the field, and bar portion is by hoist bed 12 clampings of below, and fringe portion links to each other and partly seized on both sides by the arms by the last device 12 of seizing on both sides by the arms.After the cutting, seize seizing chain 16 on both sides by the arms and will erectting the feeding mouth 17 that the fringe portion that makes progress sends sheller unit 3 to of device 12 running on both sides by the arms.Sheller unit 3 separates fringe portion threshing, and grain flows to lifter 4, the bar portion field that falls back of dishing out.Lifter 4 submits cleaning plant 5 with grain, flows into the textile bag packing through the grain of cleaning.

It should be noted that at last, above embodiment is only in order to describe the technical solution of the utility model rather than the present technique method is limited, the utility model can extend to other modification, variation, application and embodiment and their various combinations on using, and therefore thinks that all such modifications, variation, application, embodiment are in spirit of the present utility model and teachings.

Claims (10)

1. combine comprises: header, sheller unit, running gear, the back and forth driver part and the transverse axis heart is characterized in that:

Described header is positioned at described running gear the place ahead, and with described sheller unit adjacency, wherein said header comprises that two or more seize device on both sides by the arms, and described sheller unit comprises feeding mouth, described two or more seize device on both sides by the arms be positioned at the front end of described feeding mouth than a clamper on top;

Described sheller unit be positioned at described running gear directly over, described sheller unit vertically is connected with described running gear with the described transverse axis heart by described back and forth driver part; Drive described header and described sheller unit by described back and forth driver part respectively around the following in the heart motion of described transverse axis.

2. combine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described header is positioned at the front portion of described combine, and described header can be adjusted up and down with respect to described sheller unit, and perhaps described header and described sheller unit one make up.

3. combine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described header comprises two or more nearside dividers, two or more hold up straight device, two or more seize device on both sides by the arms, two or more are drawn together into dish, two cutters; Described nearside divider is positioned at the front end of described header, the rear of described nearside divider is attached with the described straight device of holding up, described holding up is furnished with two or more that be positioned on the same vertical axes behind the straight device and draws together into dish, described two or more draw together into the dish side a described device of seizing on both sides by the arms respectively be housed, wherein, described each draw together into dish described the seize device corresponding and be positioned at same horizontal plane with it, described drawing together into dish and described clamper the two acting in conjunction corresponding with it come the clamping crops; Described two cutters lay respectively at described two and draw together into dish and seize the below of device on both sides by the arms, and described two cutters are arranged in parallel and are perpendicular with the vertical direction of crops.

4. combine according to claim 3 is characterized in that described nearside divider is liftable on described header; Distance between the place ahead tip of adjacent described nearside divider is adjustable, to adjust the collecting amount of crops; Described nearside divider is a triangle rhombus iron, slightly has radian; Describedly hold up straight device to comprise that the space width of holding up straight-tooth is 15cm by holding up the straight-tooth of holding up of plane rotation that straight chain drives; It is described that to hold up the length of straight-tooth be 10-20cm.

5. combine according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms is an elastomeric element, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms is narrower and adjustable up and down respectively, described front end of seizing device on both sides by the arms and describedly draw together the inlet that forms into the dish crops in the middle of described two nearside dividers, described rear end of seizing device on both sides by the arms is released in the described header outside with harvested crops bar portion.

6. combine according to claim 3 is characterized in that, has 20-50 ° angle between the cylinder axis of described sprocket wheel trend of seizing device on both sides by the arms and described sheller unit.

7. combine according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described cutter comprises cutter and following cutter, and described upward cutter and following cutter are adjustable up and down respectively, and described upper and lower cutter are respectively reciprocating type cutter, are arranged in parallel.

8. combine according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described position, horizontal back of going up cutter at described cutter down, the two horizontal alternate 50-120mm; Between the described feeding mouth of going up cutter and described sheller unit at a distance of 0-200mm; The bottom of the feeding mouth of described sheller unit is in the vertical than the described low 3-8cm of cutter that goes up.

9. combine according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the described device of seizing on both sides by the arms comprises two toothed wheel, seizes chain on both sides by the arms and seizes bar on both sides by the arms; The described chain of seizing on both sides by the arms is the profile of tooth chain, and the described chain of seizing on both sides by the arms is enclosed within on described two toothed wheel meshing rotating operation; Describedly seize the band iron that bar is two arc on both sides by the arms, be positioned at the described chain side of seizing on both sides by the arms.

10. combine according to claim 1 is characterized in that described running gear is the crawler type self-propelled chassis, is furnished with self adaptation in the crawler belt and adjusts steamboat, adaptability ground kiss the earth when on the ground of advancing transition being arranged; Perhaps described running gear is the wheel formula running gear that does not need crawler belt.

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