CN201600451U - External calibrating device of atmosphere temperature detecting device with interference type aperture synthesis technology - Google Patents
External calibrating device of atmosphere temperature detecting device with interference type aperture synthesis technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides an external calibrating device of an atmosphere temperature detecting device with an interference type aperture synthesis technology. The external calibrating device comprises an installation rod, a calibrating radiation source and a cold air reflection mirror which are arranged on the diameter of a circular ring antenna array of the geosynchronous orbit atmosphere temperature detecting device, wherein calibrating data is acquired on the orbit at regular intervals; under an observation mode, the calibrating radiation source and the cold air reflection mirror are rotated out of an antenna field, so that the antenna is convenient to observe target brightness temperature; and under a calibrating mode, the calibrating radiation source and the cold air reflection mirror are rotated into the antenna field, so that each antenna unit scans cold air background temperature in the calibrating radiation source and the cold air reflection mirror one by one to obtain calibrating date along with the rotation of the array. By abundantly using the characteristic of the rotation of a circularly arranged antenna array, the external calibrating device can ensure system response of passageways of all antennas and receivers with only two different temperature external calibrating sources, can instantly calibrate absolute magnitude outputted by the system, has high calibrating precision, and can provide reliable noise temperature standard.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an outer calibration technique of satellite-borne microwave radiometer especially relates to an outer calibration device that is used for adopting ring array type geosynchronous orbit millimeter wave atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture integrated technology.
Background
The present millimeter wave atmospheric temperature detector for geosynchronous orbit, which is a hotspot in international research, is a high-sensitivity satellite-borne microwave radiometer adopting an interferometric aperture synthesis technology. The flight altitude of the stationary orbit meteorological satellite is very high, usually 35860 km, so the stationary orbit detector must be increased in size to obtain sufficient spatial resolution. The interference type aperture comprehensive imaging technology is characterized in that a plurality of sparse small-aperture unit antennas are equivalently used as a large-aperture antenna, and the problems of large-aperture and high-precision millimeter wave antenna manufacturing, on-orbit mechanical scanning, deformation and the like are solved.
The interferometric synthetic aperture microwave radiometer can adopt a design scheme of a circular ring array rotating scanning time-sharing sampling scheme. 22 unit antennas are distributed on a circular ring with the diameter of 2.5-3 meters, and the circular ring rotates at a constant speed to perform time-sharing sampling. The unit antenna and the millimeter wave front end of the detector are distributed on the diameter of the circular ring; the common noise source and the local oscillator unit are positioned in the center of the circular ring; the power supply unit, the high-speed digital processing unit and the communication and system control unit are arranged on the back of the circular ring; the scanning mechanism is arranged in the cabin and is fixedly connected with the satellite cabin plate; the output shaft of the scanning mechanism drives the circular ring to scan.
The earth synchronous orbit millimeter wave atmospheric temperature detector can image the brightness temperature distribution of a target, the imaging principle is simple, namely, correlation operation is carried out between signals received by any two antennae in an antenna array to obtain spatial frequency data of a target image corresponding to the pair of antenna groups (called as baselines), the sparse antenna array which is optimally designed can obtain enough baseline combination to carry out measurement data of the complete coverage of the spatial frequency of the target image as far as possible, and then an imaging inversion algorithm is used for reconstructing the brightness temperature image of the target.
In addition, the interferometric aperture synthesis technique can break through the bottleneck of low resolution of the traditional microwave radiometer, but greatly increases the complexity of the system. The complexity of the system also increases the difficulty of system calibration. The remote sensing instrument needs calibration to accurately correct the self error of the instrument structure, determine the relation between the instrument output and the target real input, realize the quantification of the instrument output data and meet the application requirements. In order to match calibration, a common noise source is arranged in the detector and used as a coherent noise source to provide an internal calibration signal for calibrating the output visibility function parameter; each receiving channel is provided with a matched load as an incoherent noise source for calibrating the system bias caused by the coupling of the receiving channel. These internal calibration sources can perform phase value corrections of the detector correlator output values, but do not perform calibration of the absolute magnitude of the instrument's output amplitude. One idea for solving this problem is to set a common noise source with different temperatures, and to set complicated steps and algorithms to calibrate the absolute magnitude of the output amplitude of the instrument, but this method has the following disadvantages: it does not take into account the influence of antenna end parameters and the steps are complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problem, an object of the present invention is to provide an external calibration device for a circular ring array type geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using interferometric aperture synthesis technique. The external calibration structure designed according to the characteristics of the detector antenna array is used as a single-channel full-power calibration device of the synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, can directly complete the calibration of the amplitude absolute quantity, and combines phase correction to further obtain the calibration of the whole equipment. The external calibration device fully utilizes the rotation characteristic of the circularly arranged antenna array, and can determine the system response of all antennas and receiver channels in the array only by two external calibration sources with different temperatures (calibration blackbody temperature and cold air background temperature). The device can calibrate the absolute quantity output by the system in real time, has high calibration precision and provides a reliable noise temperature standard. The system working state of the detecting instrument can be mastered through regular calibration, and the corresponding relation between output data and input signals can be found out.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses an adopt outer calibration device of synchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture synthesis technique, include: the device comprises an installation rod, a calibration radiation source and a cold air reflector, wherein the calibration radiation source is installed at one end of the installation rod, the frequency of the calibration radiation source is matched with that of a detection instrument, and the cold air reflector is installed at the other end of the installation rod.
The outer calibration device is arranged on the diameter of a circular antenna array of a geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector, the calibration radiation source is used as a known high-temperature source to radiate into the detector antenna, and the cold air reflector is used for reflecting the cold air background temperature into a main beam of the detector antenna to be used as a known low-temperature source.
The external calibration device acquires calibration data once at regular intervals on the track, and in order to not influence the antenna to observe a ground target, the on-track working process of the detector is divided into an observation mode and a calibration mode. Under an observation mode, the calibration radiation source and the cold air reflector are rotated away from the field of view of the antenna, the brightness temperature of an observation target of the antenna is not influenced, at the moment, a detector measures a ground object target signal entering the antenna, and a full-power measurement value and a ground object normalization correlation value of each receiver are correspondingly output; in a calibration mode, the calibration radiation source and the cold air reflector are shifted to an antenna view field, a receiving switch is switched to an antenna port, each antenna unit scans the calibration radiation source and the cold air reflector one by one along with the rotation of the array to obtain calibration data by reflecting the cold air background temperature entering the antenna, at the moment, a detector calculates full-power receiving calibration parameters by receiving output values of radiation temperatures of two known calibration sources, then the receiving switch is switched to the internal common noise source temperature, and other calibration parameters are calculated by the output values; and finally, calculating by using the output voltage obtained in the observation mode and each calibration parameter obtained in the calibration mode to obtain a final visibility function.
In this case, the drift of the receiver within the rotation period (about 4 minutes) of the antenna array can be ignored, and the calibration requirement of the multi-channel receiver can be met. The external method combines the structure of an instrument, is convenient for engineering realization, and can complete the task of calibrating a plurality of antennas and receiving channels of the antenna array. The regular calibration can not only grasp the system working state of the detecting instrument, but also find out the corresponding relation between the output data and the input signal.
Additionally, the utility model discloses an adopt the outer calibration process of the outer calibration device of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interferometric aperture synthesis technique as follows:
1)Tsyscalibrating system temperature parameters: the method uses two-point calibration principle by utilizing the receiver linearization characteristic of the microwave radiometer, under the calibration mode, the external calibration device is expanded to make the calibration source align to the antenna aperture, and the full power output v of each receiver is measuredout External radiation sourceAnd vout Cold air valueThe coefficients a and b are obtained by the following formulas,
then the process of the first step is carried out,
then, the detecting instrument performs T of the system temperature of the kth receiver when observing the ground objectsyskThe sum of the antenna temperature and the equivalent noise temperature of the receiver is determined by the coefficients a and b and the full-power output voltage value v of the detector in the observation modeout Ground objectCalculating:
2) kj baseline normalized complex correlation value M after phase error correctionkjAnd receiver limited bandwidth caused decorrelation effect kj baseline fringe-washing factor GkjParameter calibration: correlated noise injection by internal common noise source, normalized correlation value of correlator output and full power output value v of each channel receiveroutThe parameter calibration is carried out by the following specific steps:
21) quadrature phase error theta for receiver k and receiver jqkAnd thetaqjEstimation of (2): the detector receives a switch and hits an internal common noise source, the receiver k and the receiver j receive the related noise signals generated by the detector k and the receiver j, and the correlator outputs M for normalizing the correlation between the orthogonal component q and the in-phase component i of the signalskk qiAnd Mjj qiAs estimated by the following formula,
22) kj baseline normalized complex correlation value M after phase error correctionkj calAnd (3) estimating:
wherein, <math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> <math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo></mrow></math> Mkj iiis the normalized correlation output of a common noise injection kj baseline correlator on two in-phase components;Mkj qiIs the normalized correlation output of the common noise injection kj baseline correlator on the q and i components;
23) kj Baseline fringe-washing factor GkjAnd (3) estimating: the periodic injection correlated noise source, the full power measurement value and the normalized correlation output value after phase error correction are estimated by the following formula,
wherein, Tph Power dividerThe physical temperature of the power divider which uniformly divides the radiation signals of the public noise source to each receiver channel is obtained by the temperature sensor attached to the power divider; t isNoise sourceIs the equivalent noise temperature of the noise source; skIs the S parameter of the k-path power divider; sj *The S parameter of the j path power divider takes a conjugate value;
3) visibility function V of final result of detectorkjCalibration: accurately calibrating the final visibility function V by using the coefficients calibrated in the step 1) and the step 2) and using the following formulakj,
The utility model discloses an adopt synchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument's of interference formula aperture integrated technology outer calibration device's beneficial effect lies in: an external calibration structure designed according to the characteristics of the detector antenna array is used as a single-channel full-power calibration device of the synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, can directly complete the calibration of amplitude absolute quantity, combines phase correction, and further can complete the calibration of amplitude absolute quantityA calibration of the whole device is obtained. The external calibration device fully utilizes the rotation characteristic of the circularly arranged antenna array, and can determine the system response of all antennas and receiver channels in the array only by two external calibration sources with different temperatures (calibration blackbody temperature and cold air background temperature). The device can calibrate the absolute quantity output by the system in real time, has high calibration precision and provides a reliable noise temperature standard. The system working state of the detecting instrument can be mastered through regular calibration, and the corresponding relation between output data and input signals can be found out. The external calibration device can calculate the calibration coefficient T of each channel in the system in real timesys. Is an essential component of the overall system calibration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the external calibration device of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technique of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a state diagram of the external calibration device in observation mode of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using interferometric aperture synthesis technology when connected with the detector.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the external calibration device in the calibration mode of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technology when connected with the detector.
Fig. 4 is a connection block diagram of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector and its external calibration device using the interferometric aperture synthesis technique of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the outer calibration flow diagram of the outer calibration device of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector adopting the interferometric aperture synthesis technology.
Detailed Description
The external calibration device of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technology according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the external calibration device of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technique of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a state diagram of the external calibration device in observation mode of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using interferometric aperture synthesis technology when connected with the detector. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of the external calibration device in the calibration mode of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technology when connected with the detector. As shown in fig. 1-3, the utility model discloses an adopt outer calibration device of synchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture integrated technology, include: the device comprises an installation rod 2, a calibration radiation source 1 and a cold-air reflector 3, wherein one end of the installation rod 2 is provided with the calibration radiation source 1 matched with the frequency of an instrument; the other end is provided with a cold air reflector 3.
The external calibration device is arranged on the diameter of a circular antenna array of a geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector adopting an interference type aperture synthesis technology, a calibration radiation source 1 is used as a known high-temperature source radiation temperature signal to enter a detector antenna, and a cold air reflector 3 is used for reflecting a cold air background temperature to enter a main beam of the detector antenna to serve as a known low-temperature source.
The external calibration device acquires calibration data once at regular intervals on the track, and in order to not influence the antenna to observe a ground target, the on-track working process of the detector is divided into an observation mode and a calibration mode.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the observation mode, the calibration radiation source 1 and the cold air reflector 3 are rotated away from the antenna view field, and the brightness temperature of the antenna observation target is not affected.
As shown in fig. 3, in the calibration mode, the calibration radiation source 1 and the cold air mirror 3 rotate into the antenna field of view, and as the array rotates, each antenna unit scans one by one to obtain calibration data by scanning the calibration radiation source 1 and the cold air mirror 3 to reflect the cold air background temperature entering the antenna. In this case, the drift of the receiver within the rotation period (about 4 minutes) of the antenna array can be ignored, and the calibration requirement of the multi-channel receiver can be met. The external method combines the structure of an instrument, is convenient for engineering realization, and can complete the task of calibrating a plurality of antennas and receiving channels of the antenna array. The regular calibration can not only grasp the system working state of the detecting instrument, but also find out the corresponding relation between the output data and the input signal.
Fig. 4 is a connection block diagram of the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector and its external calibration device using the interferometric aperture synthesis technique of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detector using the interferometric aperture synthesis technology is integrated by an antenna array consisting of unit antennas, a millimeter wave front end and a receiver, a high-speed digital processing unit, a scanning mechanism, a communication control unit, a power supply unit, and the like. The unit antenna and the millimeter wave front end are distributed on the diameter of the circular ring; the common noise source and the local oscillator unit are positioned in the center of the circular ring; the power supply unit, the digital processing unit and the communication and system control unit are arranged on the back of the circular ring; the scanning mechanism is arranged in the cabin and is fixedly connected with the satellite cabin plate; the output shaft of the scanning mechanism drives the circular ring to scan.
In order to match the calibration, each receiving unit of the detecting instrument is provided with a power measuring system for measuring the noise temperature of the receiving channel. The common noise source provides an internal calibration signal for calibration of the output visibility function parameter. The matched load is used to calibrate the system bias caused by the receive channel coupling.
The utility model discloses an outer calibration device's calibration radiation source 1 and cold empty speculum 3 get into the antenna with cold empty background temperature reflection.
Under the observation mode, the calibration radiation source 1 and the cold air reflector 3 of the external calibration device rotate away from the antenna view field of the detector, at the moment, the detector measures the ground object target signal entering the antenna, and correspondingly outputs the full-power measurement value and the ground object normalized correlation value of each receiver.
Under the calibration mode, a calibration radiation source 1 and a cold air reflector 3 of an external calibration device are turned into an antenna view field of a detector, a receiving switch is switched to an antenna port, each antenna unit scans the radiation calibration source 1 and the cold air reflector 3 one by one along with the rotation of an array to reflect cold air background temperature entering the antenna, at the moment, the detector calculates each calibration parameter by receiving output values of radiation temperatures of two known calibration sources, then the receiving switch is switched to the temperature of an internal common noise source, and other calibration parameters are calculated by the output values.
And then, calculating to obtain a final visibility function by using the output voltage obtained in the observation mode and each calibration parameter obtained in the calibration mode.
Additionally, fig. 5 is the utility model discloses an adopt the outer calibration flow block diagram of the outer calibration device of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture synthesis technique, as shown in fig. 5, the utility model discloses an adopt the outer calibration process of the outer calibration device of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture synthesis technique as follows:
1)Tsyscalibrating system temperature parameters: the method uses two-point calibration principle by utilizing the linearization characteristic of the receiver of the microwave radiometer, under the calibration mode, the external calibration device is expanded to make the calibration source align to the antenna aperture, and the full power output v of each receiver in the detecting instrument is measuredout External radiation sourceAnd vout Cold air valueThe coefficients a and b are obtained by the following formulas,
then, the detecting instrument performs T of the system temperature of the kth receiver when observing the ground objectsyskThe sum of the antenna temperature and the equivalent noise temperature of the receiver is determined by the coefficients a and b and the full-power output voltage value v of the detector in the observation modeout Ground objectCalculating:
2) kj baseline normalized complex correlation value M after phase error correctionkjAnd receiver limited bandwidth caused decorrelation effect kj baseline fringe-washing factor GkjParameter calibration: correlated noise injection by internal common noise source, normalized correlation value of correlator output and full power output value v of each channel receiveroutThe parameter calibration is carried out by the following specific steps:
21) quadrature phase error theta for receiver k and receiver jqkAnd thetaqjEstimation of (2): the detector receives a switch and hits an internal common noise source, the receiver k and the receiver j receive the related noise signals generated by the detector k and the receiver j, and the correlator outputs M for normalizing the correlation between the orthogonal component q and the in-phase component i of the signalskk qiAnd Mjj qiAs estimated by the following formula,
22) kj baseline normalized complex correlation value M after phase error correctionkj calAnd (3) estimating:
wherein, <math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> <math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>cos</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>sin</mi><mfrac><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qj</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>qk</mi></msub></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>;</mo></mrow></math> Mkj iiis the normalized correlation output of the common noise injection kj baseline correlator to the two in-phase components; mkj qiIs the normalized correlation output of the common noise injection kj baseline correlator on the q and i components;
23) kj Baseline fringe-washing factor GkjAnd (3) estimating: the periodic injection correlated noise source, the full power measurement value and the normalized correlation output value after phase error correction are estimated by the following formula,
wherein, Tph Power dividerThe physical temperature of the power divider which uniformly divides the radiation signals of the public noise source to each receiver channel is obtained by the temperature sensor attached to the power divider; t isNoise sourceIs the equivalent noise temperature of the noise source; skIs the S parameter of the k-path power divider; sj *The S parameter of the j path power divider takes a conjugate value;
3) visibility function V of final result of detectorkjCalibration: accurately calibrating the final visibility function V by using the coefficients calibrated in the step 1) and the step 2) and using the following formulakj,
To sum up, the utility model discloses an adopt the external calibration device of synchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detection instrument of interference formula aperture synthesis technique can directly accomplish the calibration of range absolute quantity as synthetic aperture microwave radiometer single channel full power calibration device according to the outer calibration structure of the characteristics design of detection instrument antenna array, combines the phase correction, and then obtains the calibration of whole equipment. The external calibration device fully utilizes the rotation characteristic of the circularly arranged antenna array, and can determine the system response of all antennas and receiver channels in the array only by two external calibration sources with different temperatures (calibration blackbody temperature and cold air background temperature). The device can calibrate the absolute quantity output by the system in real time, has high calibration precision and provides a reliable noise temperature standard. The system working state of the detecting instrument can be mastered through regular calibration, and the corresponding relation between output data and input signals can be found out.
Satellite-borne interferometric aperture comprehensive microwave radiometer is a hot spot of international research at present. The interferometric aperture synthesis technique can break through the bottleneck of low resolution of the traditional microwave radiometer, but greatly increases the complexity of the system. The complexity of the system also increases the difficulty of system calibration. The description demonstrates that the external calibration device designed on the satellite platform can calculate the calibration coefficient Tsys of each channel in the system in real time. This is an essential component of the overall system scaling.
Claims (1)
1. An external calibration device of an atmospheric temperature detector using an interferometric aperture synthesis technique, comprising: the device comprises an installation rod, a calibration radiation source and a cold air reflector, wherein the calibration radiation source is installed at one end of the installation rod, the frequency of the calibration radiation source is matched with that of a detection instrument, and the cold air reflector is installed at the other end of the installation rod.
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CN102032949B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | External calibration device of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detecting instrument and external calibration method thereof |
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CN102032949B (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心 | External calibration device of geosynchronous orbit atmospheric temperature detecting instrument and external calibration method thereof |
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CN105372610A (en) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Four-point scaling device and method for microwave radiometer |
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CN109829547B (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-10-09 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Depth learning-based SST (stimulated Raman Scattering) inversion method for one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer |
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