Background technology
Atmospheric laser communication claims free space optical communication or wireless light communication again.It is to utilize the carrier of laser as information, directly carries out a kind of communication mode of message transmission in atmosphere.It has not only that speed height, message capacity are big, good confidentiality, no radio frequency interference, use characteristics such as flexibility is strong, and relatively optical fiber communication it avoided expensive optical fibre installation and maintenance cost, relatively microwave communication it avoided the application of numerous and diverse frequency occupancy permit, be not subjected to radio interference, cost is low, the construction simple and fast, can be used to carry out the full duplex transmission of information such as data, voice, video.
Different with traditional optical fiber communication, the optical system that atmospheric laser communication uses optical lens or speculum to form is controlled transmitting and receiving of laser beam, thereby information directly is sent to an other end through atmospheric channel from an end.Different with traditional microwave communication, atmospheric laser communication is with the carrier of laser as information, thereby requires must not have between communication point-to-point and block, and the terminal device of communicating by letter must guarantee accurate, stable relatively to alignment request.This shows,, but still come with some shortcomings although atmospheric laser communication has plurality of advantages:
1, atmospheric channel is to the influence of beam Propagation.Various weather all can bring influence to communication, and particularly atmospheric turbulance makes laser beam that the distortion and the deflection of propagation path take place when atmospheric channel transmits, and causes the skew of receiving terminal light beam focus point, influences communication quality.
2, accurate, stable aligning is relatively more difficult.Atmospheric laser communication equipment emitted light beams diameter has certain size.The too small aligning that then is unfavorable for equipment, the excessive expansion loss that has then increased light beam is unfavorable for remote communication.For the normal transmission of guarantee information, must make two ends keep accurately aiming at.But aim at the effect of back owing to external force factors such as wind-force, in fact equipment and firm banking thereof exist drift to a certain degree and wave, and make the communication two ends can not stably keep accurate aligning.
Therefore, the normal message transmission in two ends that guarantee to communicate by letter just must make terminal device keep stable accurate aligning.But cause aligning back skew between the equipment for above-mentioned reasons, make terminal device can not stably keep alignment, this just needs terminal device to realize adjusting from motion tracking according to the situation of device shifting, and assurance communication two ends are aimed at all the time.
At present, the automatic tracking method that maintenance commonly used is aimed at is to utilize photoelectric position detector spare, detects the deviation that departs from the origin-location that equipment causes because of skew, further again controlling and driving execution unit, the offset that compensation causes because of external factor.This mode needs the beacon light beam beyond the signal beams to do position sensing, not only needs to increase the beacon light beam transmitting antenna on the structure, also needs the beacon light beam reception antenna, the optical system complexity, and light beam parallelism is debug and is required height.In addition, also need to increase beacon light beam modulation drive circuit and position deviation and extract circuit, thereby equipment manufacturing cost is higher, is unfavorable for the extensive use of equipment on market.
Therefore, need the automatic tracking method that a kind of cheap more maintenance is aimed in the market badly, make terminal device stably keep accurate aligning, guarantee that communication is normal, can satisfy again and debug feature requests such as technology is simple, cost is low.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provide a kind of cheap, debug technology and relatively simply can keep the atmospheric laser communication automatic tracking system of accurately aiming at again.
Design of the present utility model is the principle that the skew that utilizes external factor to cause directly causes optical power change, remove to regulate local terminal optical antenna or distal end optical antenna by the controlling and driving execution unit, make both-end received optical power value keep optimal state, thereby make communication quality reliable and stable.
The atmospheric laser communication automatic tracking system designed according to above-mentioned design comprises the local terminal luminous power detection module of detection local terminal luminous power information and the far-end luminous power detection module and the distal end optical antenna of local terminal optical antenna and detection far-end luminous power information.In addition, system also includes an automatic tracking Control module, and described automatic tracking Control module mainly is made of following unit,
Receive far-end luminous power information, guaranteeing that distal power decline is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the local terminal optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring local terminal simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive local terminal luminous power information, guaranteeing that the decline of local terminal power is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the distal end optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring far-end simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive local terminal luminous power information, guaranteeing that the decline of local terminal power is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the local terminal optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring far-end simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive far-end luminous power information, guaranteeing that distal power decline is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the distal end optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring local terminal simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Compare local terminal and far-end optical power value, if two ends power difference is then finished from motion tracking less than 3dB; If two ends power difference is greater than 3dB, then guaranteeing to regulate the local terminal optical antenna under the prerequisite that two ends luminous power summation does not diminish, make the two ends luminous power difference little unit of trying one's best;
Compare local terminal and far-end optical power value: if two ends power difference is then finished from motion tracking less than 3dB; If two ends power difference is greater than 3dB, then guaranteeing to regulate the distal end optical antenna under the prerequisite that two ends luminous power summation does not diminish, make the two ends luminous power difference little unit of trying one's best.
So-called purpose from motion tracking will guarantee that exactly the two ends communication equipment keeps accurately aiming at.What the skew that equipment causes because of extraneous factor directly caused is the decline of equipment received optical power, and the decline of luminous power finally causes the instability of communication quality.Thereby variation that can be by the direct detection received optical power, promptly whether equipment skew has taken place as can be known, thus make keep accurately aiming at change into keep received optical power be in optimal state all the time.Survey the local terminal luminous power and local terminal optical power detecting value is transferred to far-end.At local terminal,,, make local terminal and far-end received optical power be in optimal state all the time according to certain flow process controlling and driving execution unit by value in conjunction with local terminal luminous power and far-end luminous power.
The utility model compared with prior art, need not to use photoelectric position detector spare to carry out the mode that position sensing and beacon light beam transmitting antenna etc. improve equipment manufacturing cost and increase the equipment complexity, and mode that adopt to survey received optical power realizes that equipment adjusts automatically, by detecting received optical power and the local terminal luminous power being sent to far-end by multiplexing mode, in conjunction with the received optical power of local terminal and far-end according to certain flow process controlling and driving execution unit, optimum value from the motion tracking received optical power, thereby realize reliable and stable communication, the utility model is specially adapted to near-earth, the atmospheric laser communication equipment that Zhou Dingdian uses, it is low to have cost, debug features such as technology is simple.
Embodiment
For making the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, a kind of embodiment of the present utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of atmospheric laser communication automatic tracking system of the utility model, mainly far-end luminous power detection module, distal end optical antenna and the automatic tracking Control module by the local terminal luminous power detection module that detects local terminal luminous power information, local terminal optical antenna, detection far-end luminous power information constitutes.Described automatic tracking Control module mainly is made of following unit:
Receive far-end luminous power information, guaranteeing that distal power decline is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the local terminal optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring local terminal simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive local terminal luminous power information, guaranteeing that the decline of local terminal power is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the distal end optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring far-end simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive local terminal luminous power information, guaranteeing that the decline of local terminal power is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the local terminal optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring far-end simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Receive far-end luminous power information, guaranteeing that distal power decline is no more than under the prerequisite of setting threshold, send signal and remove to regulate the distal end optical antenna, the power signal value of monitoring local terminal simultaneously makes it to reach the unit of maximum;
Compare local terminal and far-end optical power value, if two ends power difference is then finished from motion tracking less than 3dB; If two ends power difference is greater than 3dB, then guaranteeing to regulate the local terminal optical antenna under the prerequisite that two ends luminous power summation does not diminish, make the two ends luminous power difference little unit of trying one's best;
Compare local terminal and far-end optical power value: if two ends power difference is then finished from motion tracking less than 3dB; If two ends power difference is greater than 3dB, then guaranteeing to regulate the distal end optical antenna under the prerequisite that two ends luminous power summation does not diminish, make the two ends luminous power difference little unit of trying one's best.
The atmosphere laser communication system of a kind of preferred embodiment of the utility model constitutes the pattern of a full duplex, and promptly local terminal comprises emission and receives the two large divisions, and far-end equally also includes identical emission and receives the two large divisions.
A kind of preferred embodiment receiving unit of above-mentioned the utility model theory diagram as shown in Figure 2.Receive optical antenna faint radiant light signal focus is coupled into a focusing guiding fiber, this optical fiber can be multimode fiber, also can be monomode fiber.By a multimode or monomode fiber beam splitter, the light signal that reception antenna is focused on coupling carries out beam splitting according to 5: 95 ratio then.Can certainly adopt the beam splitting of other ratios, it is fixed specifically will to come according to the threshold of sensitivity of surveying the optical power detector in the receiver module.The road signal that fiber optic splitter will lack is sent into the detection that is used for the local terminal luminous power in the optical power detector, and a road many signals is sent into the detection receiver module and is used for input.Optical power detector detects gained local terminal optical power value one tunnel and send the optical power monitoring display module to be used for the on-line monitoring demonstration, and one the tunnel send automatic tracking Control module, and another road send the multiplex circuit of radiating portion to transfer to far-end.Survey the detected signal of telecommunication of receiver module and send the demultiplexing circuit of realizing by on-site programmable gate array FPGA, isolate business information, engineering service information and far-end received optical power value.Engineering service information is used for network configuration, management and the official telephone etc. of communication equipment, and business information is used for the transmission of service signals such as data, voice, video.Send the optical power monitoring display module to be used for on-line monitoring isolated far-end optical power value one tunnel and show that one the tunnel send automatic tracking Control module.
The theory diagram of a kind of preferred embodiment radiating portion of above-mentioned the utility model as shown in Figure 3.The local terminal received optical power value of engineering service information, business information far-end and far-end luminous power detection module being surveyed gained is synthesized three kinds of information by the multiplex circuit of being realized by on-site programmable gate array FPGA the digital signal of one tunnel serial, by the LD modulation drive circuit digital electric signal is become light pulse signal then, data are sent to far-end by the transmitting optics antenna.
In view of the local terminal of the utility model preferred embodiment has identical structure with far-end, the detected far-end luminous power information of far-end luminous power detection module can be sent to local terminal by multiplex mode, the isolated opposite end luminous power information that is of demultiplexing circuit of visible local terminal receiving unit; The optical power detector of receiving unit can be considered local terminal luminous power detection module, then is used to detect luminous power information; Regulate the local terminal optical antenna and can be equal to the antenna of accepting of regulating the local terminal receiving unit, regulate the distal end optical antenna and can be equal to adjusting local terminal transmitting antenna, therefore, we just can be installed in local terminal with automatic tracking Control module, automatically input of tracking Control module links to each other with the optical power detector of local terminal receiving unit, is used to detect local terminal luminous power information; Another input then links to each other with the demultiplexing circuit, receives the far-end luminous power information that solves from the demultiplexing circuit; Automatically the output of tracking Control module joins with reception optical antenna and transmitting optics antenna, drives reception optical antenna and transmitting optics antenna and carries out the adjustment of pitching and azimuth direction.Automatic tracking module is the far-end luminous power information that is sent by far-end that solves of received optical power detector detected local terminal luminous power information and demultiplexing circuit simultaneously, and realize the drive controlling of local terminal reception optics and transmitting optics antenna according to above-mentioned two kinds of information (local terminal and far-end luminous power information).Automatically the tracking Control module is sent signal and is driven execution unit, removes to drive the reception optical antenna or the transmitting optics antenna that are attached thereto and carries out the adjustment of pitching and azimuth direction.
Automatic tracking Control module described in the utility model links to each other with the distal end optical antenna with the local terminal optical antenna through an execution unit respectively, automatically the tracking Control module by signal is controlled execution unit, execution unit drives local terminal optical antenna or the distal end optical antenna that is attached thereto, and goes adjusting reception optical antenna or transmitting optics antenna to carry out pitching and azimuth direction.Automatically also include driving local terminal/little moving a step of distal end optical sky alignment pitch orientation in the tracking Control module this moment, and whether detect corresponding luminous power increases: as not, then control execution unit and adjust to azimuth direction; In this way, then continue to drive one step of execution unit, and then detect luminous power, drive so repeatedly, detect, arrive maximum until optical power adjustment to this direction; Drive execution unit then and adjust to azimuth direction, detailed process is maximum execution unit control unit until luminous power as mentioned above.
Be display light power information directly perceived, also be connected to the optical power monitoring display module that shows local terminal luminous power information and far-end luminous power information on the automatic tracking Control module of the utility model, the input of optical power monitoring display module is conciliate multiplex circuit with optical power detector respectively and is linked to each other.
The far-end optical power value that optical power value that this locality is surveyed and far-end send send automatic tracking Control module.Automatic tracking module is carried out the controlling and driving execution unit according to both-end received optical power value according to following flow process:
The first step: carry out local terminal and regulate, under the isolated distal power of assurance demultiplexing circuit descends the prerequisite that is no more than setting threshold, arrive the measured local terminal optical power adjusting of optical power detector maximum.Concrete controlled step is: automatic tracking module is sent control signal and is allowed the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna to move a step to pitch orientation is little, detect the local terminal received optical power under the prerequisite of setting threshold and whether increase guaranteeing that the far-end optical power down is no more than:, then allow the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna and adjust to azimuth direction if do not increase; If increase, then continue to drive local terminal one step of execution unit, and then detect the local terminal received optical power to this direction, drive so repeatedly, detect, be adjusted to maximum until the local terminal received optical power.Allow the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna then and adjust to azimuth direction, detailed process is maximum until the local terminal received optical power as mentioned above.
Second step: carry out far-end and regulate, guarantee that the measured local terminal power decline of optical power detector is no more than following isolated far-end optical power adjusting of demultiplexing circuit of prerequisite of setting threshold to maximum.Concrete controlled step is: automatic tracking module is sent control signal and is allowed the far-end execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna to move a step to pitch orientation is little, detect the far-end received optical power under the prerequisite of setting threshold and whether increase guaranteeing that the local terminal optical power down is no more than:, then allow the far-end execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna and adjust to azimuth direction if do not increase; If increase, then continue to drive far-end one step of execution unit, and then detect the far-end received optical power to this direction, drive so repeatedly, detect, be adjusted to maximum until the far-end received optical power.Allow execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna then and adjust to azimuth direction, detailed process is maximum until the far-end received optical power as mentioned above.
The 3rd step: carry out local terminal again and regulate, guarantee that the measured local terminal power decline of optical power detector is no more than following isolated far-end optical power adjusting of demultiplexing circuit of prerequisite of setting threshold to maximum.Automatic tracking module is sent control signal and is allowed the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna to move a step to pitch orientation is little, detect the local terminal received optical power under the prerequisite of setting threshold and whether increase guaranteeing that the far-end optical power down is no more than:, then allow the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna and adjust to azimuth direction if do not increase; If increase, then continue to drive local terminal one step of execution unit, and then detect the local terminal received optical power to this direction, drive so repeatedly, detect, be adjusted to maximum until the local terminal received optical power.Allow the local terminal execution unit drive the local terminal reception antenna then and adjust to azimuth direction, detailed process is maximum until the local terminal received optical power as mentioned above.
The 4th step: carry out far-end again and regulate, guarantee that distal power decline is no more than following local terminal optical power adjusting of prerequisite of setting threshold to maximum.Concrete controlled step is: automatic tracking module is sent control signal and is allowed the far-end execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna to move a step to pitch orientation is little, detect the far-end received optical power under the prerequisite of setting threshold and whether increase guaranteeing that the local terminal optical power down is no more than:, then allow the far-end execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna and adjust to azimuth direction if do not increase; If increase, then continue to drive far-end one step of execution unit, and then detect the far-end received optical power to this direction, drive so repeatedly, detect, be adjusted to maximum until the far-end received optical power.Allow execution unit drive the local terminal transmitting antenna then and adjust to azimuth direction, detailed process is maximum until the far-end received optical power as mentioned above.
The 5th step: detect the two ends optical power value: and it is compared.If the two ends optical power value differs less than 3dB, then finish from motion tracking; If the two ends optical power value differs by more than 3dB, then carry out local terminal and regulate, promptly regulate the local terminal reception antenna, guaranteeing to make two ends luminous power difference as far as possible little under the constant prerequisite of two ends luminous power summation.
The 6th step: detect the two ends optical power value again: and it is compared.If the two ends optical power value differs less than 3dB, then finish from motion tracking; If the two ends optical power value differs by more than 3dB, then carry out far-end and regulate, promptly regulate the local terminal transmitting antenna, guaranteeing to make two ends luminous power difference as far as possible little under the constant prerequisite of two ends luminous power summation.
The value of above-mentioned setting threshold is between 1dB~6dB.But in the utility model most preferred embodiment, the value of described setting threshold is preferably 2dB.
After above-mentioned flow process adjustment, the received optical power at two ends can remain at optimized state, promptly by the in good time adjustment of having done from the motion tracking received optical power, corrected the received optical power that the skew that causes because of external factor causes in time and changed, having made stable, the purpose reliably of communication thereby reach.
Because the detection and the transmitting speed of received optical power are very fast in the utility model, the tracking velocity of system is main relevant with the response speed of controlling and driving and execution unit.Under the prerequisite that low cost requires, the atmospheric laser communication that is fit to very much between near-earth, the fixing point uses.Certainly, as long as be equipped with servo-control system at a high speed, also can be used for the atmospheric laser communication that moves.
The acquisition of optical power value is to adopt the multiplexing and demultiplexing on the circuit to realize in the preferred embodiment of the present utility model.In fact also have the multiplexing and demultiplexing of other multiple modes to realize that local terminal and far-end received optical power value transmit each other, as WDM etc.In addition, light beam splitting detection method is the mode that adopts optical fiber splitter in the foregoing description, mainly is to have adopted among the embodiment to focus on the reason that is coupled into guiding fiber.In fact can also be realized by the mode of Amici prism, can certainly be realized or the like by the size of the photoelectric current on the signal deteching circuit.Therefore the equivalent variations of being done according to the utility model claim still belongs to the scope that the utility model is contained.