CN201497604U - Device for measuring friction between ship and chamber wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for measuring the friction between a ship and a chamber wall, and is characterized in that the device comprises a friction measuring device, a travel normal speed measuring rod, a dynamic signal acquisition instrument and a computer, wherein the friction measuring device and the travel normal speed measuring rod are arranged in a measuring zone; the dynamic signal acquisition instrument is used for acquiring signals obtained by the friction measuring device and the travel normal speed measuring rod; and the computer is used for receiving and processing data output by the dynamic signal acquisition instrument. The device for measuring the friction between the ship and the chamber wall can accurately measure and record the friction and contact time, the dynamic change of the friction in the friction process and the normal speed of the ship before the contact between the ship and the chamber wall in the measurement process, and can calculate the included angle between the sailing direction and the chamber wall before the friction by combining a shipborne speedometer. The device with simple structure and convenient manufacturing, maintenance and use can be taken as a tool for researching the friction between the ship and the chamber wall, and provides basis for intensity index and mixture design of chamber wall concrete in the processes of designing, building, maintaining and managing ship locks.

Description

Boats and ships are to lock wall grazing force test device

Technical field

The utility model relates to and measure the proving installation of boats and ships, belong to the testing tool technical field lock wall grazing power.

Background technology

Easy and lock wall generation grazing when boats and ships pass through ship lock is because the tonnage of ship is bigger, even grazing speed is very little, also can produce bigger impulsive force, cause lock wall surface concrete cracking, peel off, even security incident takes place, have influence on the security of operation and the serviceable life of ship lock.But, grazing power size can't obtain exact value by Theoretical Calculation, The common calculation methods is mostly based on theorem of momentum at present, relate to speed, the direction of grazing front and back boats and ships in the computing formula, and the time history that contacts with grazing of the quality of boats and ships, the value of these variablees obtains according to experience often, particularly the time history value error of grazing contact is very big, caused result of calculation to fail the grazing of accurate response boats and ships, can't provide reliable basis for ship lock structural design and metope concrete strength index Design to the influence of lock wall.

Summary of the invention

The utility model is intended to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existing technology, provide a kind of boats and ships to lock wall grazing force test device, use the present invention can accurately measure and write down the dynamic change of grazing power in boats and ships and lock wall grazing duration of contact, the grazing process and contact before the normal velocity of boats and ships, can calculate grazing in conjunction with the boat-carrying velograph preceding direction and the lock wall angulation of navigating by water takes place.

Technical solution of the present utility model: boats and ships are to lock wall grazing force test device, it is characterized in that comprising the grazing force test device, the shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod that are arranged at test zone, be used to gather the dynamic signal acquisition instrument of grazing force test device and shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod gained signal, be used to receive the data of dynamic signal acquisition instrument output and the computing machine of handling; Wherein the signal output part of grazing force test device inserts first signal input part of dynamic signal acquisition instrument, the signal output part of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod inserts the secondary signal input end of dynamic signal acquisition instrument, and the signal output part of dynamic signal acquisition instrument inserts the signal input part of computing machine.

Advantage of the present utility model: simple in structure, be convenient to make, safeguard and use, have excellent generalization values; Grazing power dynamic change in time in the grazing contact process can in real time, accurately be measured and write down to its measuring principle based on the generalized Hooke law of elastomeric objects; Can measure the duration of contact in boats and ships and the lock wall grazing generating process; Can measure before the boats and ships grazing lock wall headway along the component of vertical lock wall direction, in conjunction with the boat-carrying velograph can calculate along with the speed component of lock wall parallel direction, and grazing take place before the navigation direction and the lock wall angulation of boats and ships; More than can reflect dynamic mechanical process in boats and ships and the lock wall grazing process by the data that measure to obtain comprehensively, for ship lock structural design and metope concrete strength index Design provide reliable basis.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present utility model.

Accompanying drawing 2 is structural representations of dynamic signal acquisition instrument.

Accompanying drawing 3 is three-view diagrams of this device grazing force test device.Wherein, Fig. 3-the 1st, grazing force test device front elevation, Fig. 3-the 2nd, grazing force test device side view, Fig. 3-the 3rd, grazing force test device vertical view.

Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod.

Accompanying drawing 5 is arrangenent diagrams of strain transducer on the elastic body.Wherein, Fig. 5-the 1st, elastic body FAST plot, Fig. 5-the 2nd, the bridge circuit line graph of measuring vertical metope direction grazing power, Fig. 5-the 3rd, the bridge circuit line graph of measurement horizontal direction grazing power.

Accompanying drawing 6 is measured result curves of certain grazing test.Wherein, Fig. 6-the 1st, the grazing power of vertical wall direction is curve map over time, Fig. 6-the 2nd, the grazing power of horizontal direction is curve map over time, Fig. 6-the 3rd, the force value of the pressure transducer record of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod is curve map over time.

1 is computing machine among the figure, the 2nd, and dynamic signal acquisition instrument, the 3rd, grazing force test device, the 4th, shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod; the 5th, current signal output module, the 6th, computing module, the 7th, computer control software; the 8th, elastic body, the 9th, bump panel, the 10th, protection panel; the 11st, press strip, 12～19th, strain transducer, the 20th, pressure transducer; the 21st, built-in stage clip, the 22nd, collision bar core, the 23rd, ring-shaped guide rail; the 24th, protection backing plate, the 25th, bar cover, the 26th, fixed pulley.

Embodiment

Boats and ships to the principle of work of lock wall system for testing friction force are, the resistance variations that is positioned at elastic body 8 lip-deep strain transducers can reflect the strain of elastic body 8, utilize the electric signal of the small resistance variations of electric bridge output simulated strain sensor, thereby determine the strain of elastic body 8 under a constant load, the strain by elastic body 8 is set in software systems and the coefficient of relationship of load can calculate the load that elastic body 8 bears automatically then.The load that all elastic bodys of synchronization are born superposes, and just can obtain the total load (TL) that is born on the whole panel 9 that collides.

As shown in Figure 1, boats and ships comprise computing machine 1, dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2, are arranged at the grazing force test device 3 and the shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 of test zone the structure of lock wall system for testing friction force, wherein the signal output part of grazing force test device 3 inserts first signal input part of dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2, the signal output part of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 inserts the secondary signal input end of dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2, and the signal output part that receives dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 inserts the signal input part of computing machine 1.

As shown in Figure 2, the dynamic signal acquisition instrument is based on computing machine, intelligentized Dynamic Signal detecting and analysing system, comprise current signal output module 5, computing module 6, computer control software 7, wherein output/the input end of 8 strain transducers on the surface of elastomer and the pressure transducer in the shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod respectively with corresponding joining of I/O end of current signal output module 5, the output terminal of current signal output module 5 and computing module 6 input ends join, and computing module 6 output terminals connect computer control software 7.

As shown in Figure 3; the structure of grazing force test device 3 is made up of a plurality of elastic bodys 8 that are used for measuring strain value, bump panel 9, protection panel 10, press strip 11 and fixed pulley 26; wherein press strip 11 is fixed on the lock wall; protection panel 10 is connected with press strip 11 by bolt; two ends of each elastic body 8 all are connected with protection panel 10 with bump panel 9 respectively by bolt, and protection panel 10 is regulated by fixed pulley 26 height is set.Bump panel 9 in the grazing force test device 3, its thickness 〉=1cm, and at its back side many narrow steel bars of welding as buttress brace, have enough rigidity to guarantee it; Because Ship Controling is dumb, rum point is wayward, thereby the planar dimension 〉=100cm * 100cm of bump panel 9; Satisfy the requirement for height of ship side for the height that makes bump panel 9, parts in the grazing force test device 3 except that press strip 11 and fixed pulley 26, should take all factors into consideration water level and various ship type yardstick, be arranged at test zone lock wall certain altitude place, press strip 11 length 〉=150cm, every interval 10cm is provided with a bolt hole on it, and protection panel 10 can be regulated by fixed pulley 26 height is set, scope 〉=the 50cm that regulates can be connected with press strip 11 and fixes when being adjusted to correct position by bolt; Can come the range of modifier by the quantity that changes elastic body 8 according to the needs of different brackets ship lock and the research of ship type.

In this embodiment, be provided with nine elastic bodys 8 between bump panel 9 and the protection panel 10, its arrangement form is as shown in Figure 3.Eight strain transducers 12～19 of elastic body 8 surface arrangement, wherein strain transducer 12～15 is arranged vertically, strain transducer 16～19 arranges that along hoop strain transducer 12～19 links to each other with dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 with W2 by electric bridge framework W1.Fig. 5-the 1st, elastic body 8 FAST plot are being arranged strain transducer 12～19 on it.

As shown in Figure 4, shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4, its structure comprises pressure transducer 20, built-in stage clip 21, collision bar core 22, ring-shaped guide rail 23, protection backing plate 24 and bar cover 25, wherein an end of pressure transducer 20 joins with an end of protection backing plate 24, the output terminal of pressure transducer 20 links to each other with the input end of dynamic signal acquisition instrument, the other end and the collision bar core 22 of protection backing plate 24 join, ring-shaped guide rail 23 is connected on the bar cover 25, between two ends of protection backing plate 24 are built-in stage clips 21, and collision bar core 22 is in bar cover 25; The A point is the initial position of collision bar core 22 among the figure; after being subjected to ship collision; 22 beginnings of collision bar core are shunk in bar cover 25; after boats and ships are run into bump panel 9; collision bar core 22 stops to shrink; collision bar core 22 outer rim this moment no show B point still is with protection pressure transducer 20 and built-in stage clip 21.

Shown in Fig. 5-2, forming bridge diagrams along elastic body 8 axial arranged strain transducer 12～15 and four strain transducers of arranging along elastic body 8 hoops 16～19 for four among the electric bridge framework W1, is to be used to measure the electric bridge framework of grazing power at vertical lock wall direction component.Strain transducer 12 is connected with 14, and 16 connect with 18, and two bridge circuit branches are connected to contact a mutually; Strain transducer 13 is connected with 15, and 17 connect with 19, and two bridge circuit branches are connected to contact c mutually, supplies with specific voltage between contact a and the contact c, and a is a voltage input end, and c is a voltage output end; The other end of strain transducer 12 and 14 branches is connected to contact b mutually with the other end of 17 and 19 branches, and 16 are connected to contact d with the other end of 18 branches mutually with the other end of 13 and 15 branches, and there is relative potential difference (PD) in contact b with contact c respectively with contact d.When boats and ships grazing bump panel 9, the resistance of each strain transducer changes, above-mentioned contact b is all changed with the relative potential difference (PD) of contact c, contact d and contact c, thereby between contact b and d, form scalable change in voltage, make electric bridge framework W1 produce can sensing voltage variety.

Shown in Fig. 5-3,4 strain transducers of arranging along elastic body 8 hoops 16～19 are formed bridge diagram among the electric bridge framework W2, are to be used to measure the electric bridge framework of grazing power at parallel lock wall direction component.Strain transducer 16 is connected to contact a mutually with an end of 18, and 17 are connected to contact c mutually with 19, supply with specific voltage between contact a and the contact c, and a is a voltage input end, and c is a voltage output end; Strain transducer 15 is connected to contact b mutually with 17, and 18 are connected to contact d mutually with 19, and there is relative potential difference (PD) in contact b with contact c respectively with contact d.When boats and ships grazing bump panel 9, the resistance of each strain transducer changes, above-mentioned contact b is all changed with the relative potential difference (PD) of contact c, contact d and contact c, thereby between contact b and d, form scalable change in voltage, make electric bridge framework W2 produce can sensing voltage variety.

Boats and ships are to lock wall method for testing friction force, it is characterized in that between boats and ships and lock wall, grazing force test device 3 being set, nine of grazing power setting device internal placement (determine by size, speed according to the research ship type, if the ship type is bigger, quantity can increase, be the range of aggrandizement apparatus) elastic body 8, when boats and ships clash into elastic bodys 8 by bump panel 9, measure the voltage variety of the bridge circuit of each elastic body 8 surface strain sensors 12～19 composition by dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2; According to the calibration result of each bridge circuit sensitivity of carrying out in advance, obtain respectively level that voltage variety and elastic body 8 born to the coefficient of relationship of normal direction grazing power; Coefficient of relationship and voltage variety are carried out product, obtain each elastic body 8 each level of constantly being born to the load of normal direction; Nine elastic bodys 8 of synchronization load is in the same direction superposeed respectively, just can accurately obtain grazing power level to the value of normal direction.Normal direction grazing power is from instant t ₀Begin to increase, at instant t ₁Begin to reduce after reaching maximal value, at instant t ₂Be reduced to 0, the elapsed time t=t of institute ₂-t ₀It is exactly the time history of grazing contact.

F _zi＝k _ziΔU _zi

F _xi＝k _xiΔU _xi

$F_x=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{xi}}$

$F_z=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{F}_{\mathrm{zi}}$

In the formula, F _Xi, F _ZiBe respectively the level born of f elastic body 8 to the load of normal direction; k _XiAnd k _ZiBe respectively f elastic body 8 level to and normal direction, the coefficient of relationship of load that it is born and voltage change amount; Δ U _XiWith Δ U _ZiAfter being f elastic body 8 bearing loads respectively, the voltage change amount on electric bridge framework W2 and electric bridge framework W1; F _x, F _zBe respectively grazing power along level to the component of normal direction.

Among the present invention, shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 is used to measure the speed component of the preceding vertical lock wall direction of boats and ships grazing lock wall.Boats and ships with bump panel 9 grazings before, touch the collision bar core 22 of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 earlier, the pressure transducer 20 that be connected in dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 this moment begins to detect the pressure on the built-in stage clip 21, and this force value is in boats and ships and continuous increase before the bump panel contact; When boats and ships contacted with bump panel 9, boats and ships can't move on, thereby do not recompress built-in stage clip 21, and this moment, the pressure of built-in stage clip 21 reached maximum; When ship collision rebounded, built-in stage clip 21 began to uphold, and until restPosing, pressure transducer 20 detected force value constantly reduce until 0 in this process; The pressure change procedure of the built-in stage clip 21 that dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 will collect is input to computing machine 1; Computing machine 1 calculating pressure begins to increase instant t ₀' reach the maximal value instant t with pressure ₁' between the elapsed time t ' of institute=t ₁'-t ₀'; Collision bar core 22 outer rims are certain in the distance of vertical lock wall direction with bump panel 9, thereby the compression distance L of collision bar core 22 is certain, can obtain the speed component v of boats and ships grazing bump panel 9 preceding vertical lock wall directions ₁=L/t '.Can obtain resultant velocity v before the boats and ships grazing bump panel by the boat-carrying velograph, can Ship ' along with the speed component of lock wall parallel direction $v_2=\sqrt{v^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="H2009202360383E00031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_1^2},$ Shipping agency direction and lock wall angulation θ=arctg (v ₁/ v ₂).

Specific implementation process of the present invention: on February 29th, 2008 was carried out on-the-spot test at uncle Shao ship lock.Grazing force test device 3 is fixed in first dolphin front of upper approach, and shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 is fixed in the side of dolphin, and is vertical with bump panel 9; Dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 is linked to each other with strain transducer 12～19, pressure transducer 20 and the computing machine 1 of nine elastic bodys 8 respectively.Wherein, the model of dynamic signal acquisition instrument 2 is that LMS CADA-X, elastomeric model are that the model of CL-YB-1/20T, strain transducer is that the model of BF (BA) 200-6AA, pressure transducer 20 is m153251.

The compression distance L of the collision bar core 22 of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod 4 gets 10cm.Allow boats and ships clash into panel 9 with the speed grazing at a certain angle, computing machine 1 output and the variation of writing down grazing power in the whole bump contact process, and pressure transducer 20 detected force value are over time.

In certain grazing test, certain boats and ships gross tonnage (GT) is 600t, has used nine elastic bodys to measure altogether.At a time the normal direction of (t=1.50s in the accompanying drawing 6) and level to impact computation process as follows:

Sensor number I	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
										k xi(mV/kN)	11.28668	15.625	15.19757	15.82278	15.15152	15.52795	15.15152	15.87302	15.47988
k zi(mV/kN)	81.76615	82.85004	84.03361	84.03361	81.96721	84.96177	82.30453	83.61204	82.78146
										ΔU xi(mV)	-0.32226	0.029299	-0.23071	0.008545	-9.77051	2.871094	-0.33024	0.059126	-0.38639
ΔU zi(mV)	0.12207	-0.04272	0.034179	1.760254	1.68457	2.015381	0.077161	-0.24203	0.277598
										F xi＝k xiΔU xi (kN)	-3.6373	0.4578	-3.5063	0.1352	-148.038	44.5822	-5.0036	0.9385	-5.9812
F zi＝|k ziΔU zi (kN)	9.9812	-3.5397	2.8722	147.9205	138.0795	171.2303	6.3507	-20.2368	22.98

By on show, $F_x=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{F}_{\mathrm{xi}}=-120.053\mathrm{kN};$ $F_z=\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{F}_{\mathrm{zi}}=475.6379\mathrm{KN}$

In conjunction with Fig. 6-1,6-2, as can be known at t ₀=1.096s the moment, grazing contact beginning, the impact absolute value of strain transducer record increases since 0 in the elastic body; At t ₁Impact begins to reduce after reaching peak value during=1.502s; At t ₂During=1.959s, contact stops, and impact is reduced to 0.Can calculate grazing contact T.T. course is t=t ₂-t ₀=1.959-1.096=0.863s.

In conjunction with Fig. 6-3, as can be known at t ₀In the '=0.145s moment, boats and ships begin to touch the collision bar core of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod, and the force value of pressure transducer record increases since 0; At t ₁During '=1.096s, boats and ships begin to touch the bump panel, and this moment, the collision bar core almost no longer was compressed; Between t '=1.096～1.959s, boats and ships are in the process that contacts with the bump panel, and the faint distortion owing to the grazing force test device in this period has caused the force value of pressure transducer record that slight change is arranged; From t '=1.959s, boats and ships come from the bounce-back of bump panel, and this moment, the collision bar core began to restPose, and the force value of pressure transducer record reduces gradually up to 0.Can calculate the collision bar core and finish the required time t '=t of compression distance L ₁'-t ₀'=1.096-0.145=0.95ls, the speed component v of vertical lock wall direction before the boats and ships grazing bump panel ₁=L/t '=10/0.951=10.5cm/s.Can obtain resultant velocity v=10.9cm/s before the boats and ships grazing bump panel by the boat-carrying velograph, but Ship ' along with the speed component of lock wall parallel direction $v_{}$ ${}_2=\sqrt{v^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="v"\; filenames="H2009202360383E00031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">v</figure-callout>}}_1^2}=\sqrt{{10.9}^2-{10.5}^2}=2.9\mathrm{cm}/s,$ Shipping agency direction and lock wall angulation θ=arctg (v ₁/ v ₂)=arctg (10.5/2.9)=74.4 °.

The undeclared part that relates among the present invention is same as the prior art.

Claims (6)

1. boats and ships are to lock wall grazing force test device, it is characterized in that comprising the grazing force test device, the shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod that are arranged at test zone, be used to gather the dynamic signal acquisition instrument of grazing force test device and shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod gained signal, be used to receive the data of dynamic signal acquisition instrument output and the computing machine of handling; Wherein the signal output part of grazing force test device inserts first signal input part of dynamic signal acquisition instrument, the signal output part of shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod inserts the secondary signal input end of dynamic signal acquisition instrument, and the signal output part of dynamic signal acquisition instrument inserts the signal input part of computing machine.

2. boats and ships according to claim 1 are to lock wall grazing force test device; it is characterized in that described grazing force test device is made up of a plurality of elastic bodys that are used for measuring strain value, bump panel, protection panel, press strip and fixed pulley; wherein press strip is fixed on the lock wall; the protection panel is connected with press strip by bolt, and elastomeric two ends are connected with the protection panel with the bump panel respectively by bolt.Each surface of elastomer is arranged 8 strain transducers, and wherein 4 strain transducers are along axial arranged, and 4 strain transducers arrange that along hoop 8 strain transducers are formed the electric bridge framework and linked to each other with the dynamic signal acquisition instrument.

3. boats and ships according to claim 1 and 2 are to lock wall grazing force test device; it is characterized in that press strip length 〉=150cm in the described grazing force test device; interval 10cm is provided with a bolt hole on the press strip; the protection panel is regulated by fixed pulley height is set; height adjustment range 〉=50cm can be connected with press strip and fixing by bolt when being adjusted to correct position.

4. boats and ships according to claim 1 and 2 are to lock wall grazing force test device, it is characterized in that the bump panel in the described grazing force test device, thickness 〉=1cm, planar dimension 〉=100cm * 100cm, and at many narrow steel bars of its back side welding, as the buttress brace that improves the striking face panel stiffness.

5. boats and ships according to claim 1 are to lock wall system for testing friction force, it is characterized in that described dynamic signal acquisition instrument comprises current signal output module, computing module, computer control software, wherein output/the input end of the pressure transducer in 8 of surface of elastomer strain transducers and the shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod respectively with corresponding joining of I/O end of current signal output module, the output terminal of current signal output module and computing module input end join, and the computing module output terminal connects computer control software.

6. boats and ships according to claim 1 are to lock wall grazing force test device; it is characterized in that described shipping agency normal velocity sounding rod comprises pressure transducer, built-in stage clip, collision bar core, ring-shaped guide rail, protection backing plate and bar cover; wherein an end of pressure transducer joins with an end of protection backing plate; the output terminal of pressure transducer links to each other with the input end of dynamic signal acquisition instrument; the other end and the collision bar core of protection backing plate join; ring-shaped guide rail is connected bar and puts; between two ends of protection backing plate is built-in stage clip, and the collision bar core is in the bar cover.

Images