CN201488859U - Novel dynamic balance experiment table - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel dynamic balance experiment table, which comprises a working table, machinery test equipment and a computer, wherein the machinery test equipment is provided with a sensor and is arranged on the working table, the computer is used for receiving and processing data of the sensor, a front test disc and a back test disc of the machinery test equipment are supported by a dynamic test machine seat through a main shaft of the front test disc and the back test disc and are positioned on a platform of the working table, reflecting pasting sheets corresponding to a photoelectric sensor arranged on the working table are arranged on the front test disc and the back test disc, one end of the main shaft of the front test disc and the back test disc is connected with a motor output shaft through a shaft coupling, the other end is provided with the sensor, and the sensor is a weighting sensor which is positioned under the main shaft and is used for detecting the radial force. Because the instantaneous eccentric force of a rotating rotor is directly and actually measured, the testing results are real, in addition, the calculating steps are reduced, and the approximate error in the calculation is eliminated.

Description

A kind of novel dynamic balance experimental bench

Technical field

The utility model relates to the test equipment in education experiment and the certain limit, exactly is dynamic balance experimental bench.

Background technology

Because mismachining tolerance and each side, the rotation parts all exist a certain amount of off-centre, can cause the vibration of machine in the running, the wearing and tearing of aggravation bearing, the serviceable life of reducing machine.Therefore, unbalanced rotor being carried out the transient equilibrium processing is a kind of effective mode of eliminating vibration.

Along with the raising of modern rotor speed, more and more outstanding as the direct vibration problem that influences rotating machinery work efficiency and reliability.Address this problem effective method and exactly rotor is carried out high-precision balance.

The dynamic balancing measurement system can be divided into hard supporting and soft underprop two classes by the measuring principle of its mechanical part.Because soft bearing balancing machine needs frequent dynamic adjustment, inconvenience during work, at present, hard support pattern demarcates because of it is permanent and the superiority of reliable in structure makes it replace soft bearing balancing machine within a large range, by laminated spring with its system frequency and with sensor to vibration signal and mechanical equation connect.But the sensor actual measurement obtains offset and the phasing degree that data often need could accurately find through the conversion of a series of complexity rotor, tends to produce bigger approximate error in computing.

The utility model content

At the problem that prior art exists, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of experiment table of Intelligent Dynamic actual measurement rotor unbalance value.

The utility model adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of novel dynamic balance experimental bench, comprise worktable, be installed in the mechanical test equipment that has sensor on the worktable, with the computing machine that is used for the receiving sensor data and handles, before the described mechanical test equipment, back test panel by its main shaft by the dynamic test sole plate supports and be positioned on the worktable platform, before, back test panel is provided with and is installed in the corresponding reflective sticker of photoelectric sensor on the worktable, its main shaft one end is connected with motor output shaft by shaft coupling, the other end is provided with sensor, and described sensor is to be positioned at the LOAD CELLS that the main shaft below is used to detect its radial force.

Preferably, the dynamic test support of described forward and backward test panel is hard the support, and it is divided into forward and backward support, is respectively equipped with the support wheel of supports main shaft on it.

Preferably, the back support side of described dynamic test support is provided with three support wheels around axis hole, one of them support wheel is positioned at directly over the main shaft, two other support wheel lays respectively at the lower left and the lower right of main shaft, the preceding support side of described dynamic test support is provided with four support wheels around axis hole, lay respectively at the upper and lower, left and right of main shaft, wherein the lower support wheel can be free up and down, the locating shaft of support wheel becomes " 7 " font to link to each other with a push rod, on the LOAD CELLS before the lower end of push rod is supported on below the support.

Preferably, the Lower Half of support is a rectangular opening before described, and a circular hole is arranged at the rectangular opening top, and the push rod of band support wheel is directly fallen on the LOAD CELLS by circular hole, its below is the LOAD CELLS that is fixed in the rectangular opening, and described LOAD CELLS bottom is provided with pedestal.

Preferably, be provided with linear bearing between described push rod and the preceding base inner.

Preferably, the stationary shaft of described support wheel is installed in the endoporus of forward and backward support, and its end that support wheel is installed has the spacing shaft shoulder, and the outwardly directed other end has external thread and screws in nut.

Preferably, the endoporus of described forward and backward support is to be the slotted hole that radially extend at the center with the main shaft axis hole, and other support wheel except that preceding support lower support wheel is equipped with adjusting screw(rod).

Preferably, described adjusting screw(rod) screws in the endoporus from the outer radial of forward and backward support, and its front end is connected with the support wheel stationary shaft.

Preferably, described forward and backward support constitutes by foundation mass and support end cap, and the top of foundation mass is formed with the rectangle protuberance, and the bottom of support end cap is formed with rectangular recess, and both are chimeric up and down and link together with bolt.

Preferably, the upper support of described forward and backward support wheel is positioned on its support end cap.

Novel dynamic balance experimental bench provided by the utility model adopts the hard acceleration transducer that supports and replace dynamic balancing measurement platform in the past to be used always with LOAD CELLS.Can try to achieve the rotating speed of test panel accurately by photoelectric sensor, with LOAD CELLS can be very sensitive actual measurement to the instantaneous pressure of each state supporting-point that test panel is given down, import in the computing machine and carry out data processing.Owing to be the instantaneous eccentric force of directly surveying rotor, make the result of test truer, and reduced calculation step, eliminated the approximate error in the computing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of novel dynamic balance experimental bench that the utility model provides;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mechanical test equipment among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the vertical view of mechanical test equipment shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is the A-A view of mechanical test equipment shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 5 is that the B of mechanical test equipment shown in Figure 2 is to view;

Fig. 6 is the support concept synoptic diagram of mechanical test equipment shown in Figure 2;

The result of calculation figure of Fig. 7 for using novel dynamic balance experimental bench shown in Figure 1 to experimentize.

Pairing parts of numeral number or toponym are as follows among the figure:

1. supports 205. back support 206. photoelectric sensors 207. shaft couplings 208. motors 209. support wheels 210. push rods 211. LOAD CELLS 212. pedestals 221. foundation mass 222. support end caps 223. bolts 224. nuts 225. adjusting screw(rod)s before test panels 203. main shafts 204. of worktable 2. mechanical test equipments 3. computing machines 201. Pretesting dishes 202. back

Embodiment

In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the utility model scheme better, the utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

Please refer to Fig. 1, novel dynamic balance experimental bench in this embodiment, mainly by worktable 1, be installed in the mechanical test equipment that has sensor 2 on the worktable and be used for the receiving sensor data and the computing machine 3 handled constitutes, the left side of worktable 1 is a platform, the front is provided with the control corresponding panel, and the right side of worktable 1 is used to place the display and the cabinet of computing machine 3.Because dynamic balancing measurement is had relatively high expectations to the platform of experiment table, if the plane of platform is not strict surface level, in assembling and actual measurement, all can produce many harmful effects, so it is polished, guarantee that the plane of platform is a level.

Please refer to Fig. 2,3,4,5,, omitted parts such as adjusting bolt among Fig. 2, omitted parts such as support wheel, nut among Fig. 3 for ease of clearly illustrating structure.The preceding support 204 of above-mentioned mechanical test equipment, back support 205 are used bolt respectively, offer the main shaft axis hole on it, Pretesting dish 201, back test panel 202 are erected on the worktable platform by preceding support 204, back support 205 by its main shaft 203, form hard supporter.Pretesting dish 201, back test panel 202 are provided with and are installed in the photoelectric sensor 206 corresponding reflective sticker (not shown)s on the worktable, and its main shaft 203 1 ends are connected with the output shaft of motor 208 by shaft coupling 207.

Owing in the dynamic balancing measurement platform, only need transmission speed and not additional any radial force, so the selection of shaft coupling is also very important.Several selections such as Hooks coupling universal coupling, elastic dowel pin shaft coupling, drum-type gear coupling are generally arranged.Wherein Hooks coupling universal coupling can produce velocity perturbation having under the situation of drift angle, thus use Hooks coupling universal coupling will strict guarantee its to neutrality; Elastic dowel pin shaft coupling tend to axle is constituted radial pressure, and the elastic dowel pin shaft coupling area is bigger owing to reasons such as installations, and moment of inertia is bigger, and test result is also had bigger influence, so do not adopt.Drum-type gear coupling only transmits rotating speed, and axle is not constituted radial pressure, so be best choice.But this experiment table is considered cost, has adopted the Hooks coupling universal coupling of double Hooke's joint, and double Hooke's joint shaft coupling flexibility ratio height can reduce test to requirement of neutral.

Shown in Fig. 2,4, back support 205 is made of foundation mass 221 and support end cap 222, and the top of foundation mass 221 is formed with the rectangle protuberance, and the bottom of support end cap 222 is formed with rectangular recess, and both are chimeric up and down and link together with bolt 223.The side of back support 205 is provided with three support wheels 209 around the axis hole, and one of them support wheel is positioned on the support end cap 222 directly over the main shaft 203, and two other support wheel lays respectively at the lower left and the lower right of main shaft 203.The stationary shaft of support wheel 209 is installed in the endoporus of back support 205, its end that support wheel 209 is installed has the spacing shaft shoulder, the other end has external thread and screws in nut 224, endoporus is to be the slotted hole that radially extend at the center with the main shaft axis hole, and adjusting screw(rod) 225 screws in its endoporus from the outer radial of back support to be changeed 209 axle with support wheel and be connected

Shown in Fig. 2,5, the side of preceding support 204 is provided with four support wheels 209 around axis hole, lay respectively at the upper and lower, left and right of main shaft 203, wherein the lower support wheel can be free up and down, other support wheel except that the lower support wheel is equipped with adjusting screw(rod) 225, all the other structures are basic identical with back support 205, just repeat no more here.

The lower semi-body of preceding support 204 has a rectangular aperture, push rod 210 becomes " 7 " font to link to each other with the locating shaft of support wheel, before the lower end of push rod is supported on the LOAD CELLS of support below, its below is to be fixed in the rectangular aperture and the bottom is provided with the LOAD CELLS 211 of pedestal 212.

Above-mentioned left and right bogie wheel is used to stop main shaft generation horizontal direction to beat, and only allows it to fluctuate in vertical direction.The radial force that fluctuation produces is delivered in the LOAD CELLS 211 by push rod 210 by the lower support wheel.As shown in Figure 5, the lower support wheel can be free up and down, because push rod 210 is positioned at bearing inside and is inserted into the axle of lower support wheel, during the acting force under so bogie wheel is subjected to axially instantly, with the suffered downward acting force of push rod 210 not on same straight line, promptly not collinear with the suffered friction force of push rod 210, form couple of force, cause screens easily, the power of push rod 210 can not well be delivered on the LOAD CELLS 211,, make push rod 210 pass through linear bearing so adopted linear bearing here, eliminate screens, solved this problem.Reason owing to manufacturing, assembly technology aspect, often in practice about two bogie wheels core wheel with the axle the center be inaccurate on same surface level, cause small dislocation, give axle build-up of pressure in vertical direction behind the two-wheeled pretension, the result of influence test.So pretension left and right sides two-wheeled not in assembling, but can not make itself and axle produce a horizontal clearance.

Above-mentioned photoelectric sensor 206 and LOAD CELLS 211 link together on data transmission by capture card and computing machine, are imported in the computing machine by capture card by the data that photoelectric sensor 206 and LOAD CELLS 211 record.Guarantee the accuracy of testing, the selection of sensor is also very important, and this experiment table has adopted the GZB-2A LOAD CELLS of Hunan aerospace company, and non-linear is 0.1%FS, and hysteresis error is 0.1%FS, and sensitivity is 1.0944mV/V.Be amplified to 0V～5V by amplifying circuit, in the access in the safe industry PC I-8310 capture card.PCI-8310 capture card processing speed is fast, and stable performance can realize high speed acquisition, is adapted to the in good time data acquisition of this experiment table.In addition, consider the influence of clutter, with the whole ground connection of pin of the analog quantity that does not insert signal of capture card, the interference between the erasure signal passage.For the digital quantity signal of photoelectric sensor, in signal pins, insert one and take the stone wave filter, to eliminate the interference of other signals.

Please refer to Fig. 6, in this test board, the distance between two fulcrums is S, and back test panel is L1 to the distance of rear fulcrum, and the distance between two test panels is L2, and the angle of two eccentric vectors is θ °.

The position, reflective sticker place of getting photoelectric sensor is the phasing degree initial position, is designated as 0 °, is positive dirction with the sense of rotation of test panel.In order to make the initial position unanimity of two test panels, make the reflective sticker position line and the axis horizontal of two test panels.In actual measurement, when the maximal value of power that LOAD CELLS detects, computing machine picks up counting, and stops timing when the reflective sticker of test panel forwards photoelectric sensor place trigger pulse to, and the mistiming of timing gained multiply by rotating speed and is the phase place drift angle that will try to achieve.Fulcrum drift angle, a left side is designated as θ ₁, right fulcrum drift angle is designated as θ ₂Because the suffered friction force of the minor fluctuations of preload pressure, motor speed and test panel, various power, the phase lag of sensor, the integrated interference of electromagnetism clutter, the phase place drift angle regular meeting in actual measurement fluctuates in certain scope.So in resulting drift angle, reject the bigger individual values of fluctuation, and remaining value averaged.Consider the influence of the various interference of actual conditions, with resulting drift angle value

Add and subtract a constant respectively, make the result meet theoretical value.

Because the maximal value of power that LOAD CELLS detects also can be subjected to the combined influence of various interference, and along with the suffered combined influence of the variation of speed has certain variation, so in program, measured force value is deducted a value Δ P, promptly gives zero clearing.Can think that the value of trying to achieve for the actual eccentric force value that is constituted, gets maximal value to the result who obtains after calculating, promptly be the force value of offset when forwarding to vertically downward, gets several peaked mean values and try to achieve P ₁, P ₂

Describe with regard to resolving of amount of unbalance below:

P according to said determination ₁, P ₂, θ ₁, θ ₂, rotational speed omega can obtain the mass-radius product of the offset of two test panels.

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L=-\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_1+L_2}{L_2}{P}_1---\left(1\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R=\frac{S-L_1-L_2}{L_2}{P}_2---\left(2\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L=\frac{L_1}{L_2}{P}_1---\left(3\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R=-\frac{S-L_1}{L_2}{P}_2---\left(4\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1=\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L}^2+{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R}^2-2\&times;\cos (\mathrm{\&pi;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2)\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L}^2\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R}^2}---\left(5\right)$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_2=\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L}^2+{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R}^2-2\&times;\cos (\mathrm{\&pi;}-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1+{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2)\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_L}^2\&times;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_R}^2}---\left(6\right)$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_1={\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="arcsin\; F\; R"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">arcsin</figure-callout>}\frac{F_R}{}\frac{1_{}\&times;\sin ({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1)}{F_1}---\left(7\right)$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_2={\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="arcsin\; F\; L"\; filenames="H2009201663302E00011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">arcsin</figure-callout>}\frac{F_L}{}\frac{2_{}\&times;\sin ({\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1)}{F_2}---\left(8\right)$

In the above formula, F _L1, F _R1, F _L2, F _R2Be the component of forward and backward fulcrum at the eccentric vector of forward and backward test panel, F ₁, F ₂, α ₁, α ₂Size and eccentric phasing degree for the forward and backward test panel offset of trying to achieve.

Simultaneous (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) formula can get F ₁, F ₂, bring (7) into, (8) just can obtain α ₁, α ₂

Because the small variation meeting of a tittle is bigger to dynamically balanced influence, thus transient equilibrium to the requirement of experiment table than higher, in actual measurement, many situations can impact experimental result.

Fig. 7 is the actual measurement result calculated that is presented on the computer screen, pastes plasticine in the optional position of two eccentric discs, surveys.

Solid round dot represents to survey the offset that the test panel of gained is calculated in the back among the figure, and the point-like round dot need to represent the position of the eccentric required stickup plasticine of balance, the size of the big or small representation quality of its area.Because what program was tried to achieve is the mass-radius product of offset, big so the point-like dot area near plate edge is little among the result near the area in axle center, test panel after the expression on the left side, the Pretesting dish is represented on the right.W represents the rotation direction of axle, and Y1, Y2 represent the reflective sticker position of forward and backward test panel respectively, are 0 ° of position of angle.The lower-left is the P1 value of the actual measurement waveform through one-period after the filtering among the figure, and maximum is the maximal value of P1, the peaked phasing degree that the angle of transverse axis is represented the P1 that surveys with after the angle theta of test panel reflective sticker ₁, right figure is the same.Concrete numerical value is as shown in the table:

By on can see that the result of actual measurement result calculated and Theoretical Calculation is very approaching, promptly the test of this experiment table is more accurate.

In dynamic balance experimental bench, the offset that the fritter plasticine of pasting can be caused owing to requirement reflects accurately, so the mechanical part of experiment table is had relatively high expectations.In order to improve its measuring accuracy, then to consider in all many-sides.As the assembly precision of: the selection of the degree of the integrated interference of various vectors, power lubrication, shaft coupling in the actual measurement, machinery, experiment table platform level etc. whether.Also to consider the selection of sensor, the selection of motor, circuit anti-interference etc.Considered these, in program, also will be optimized, can not make the result of test that significantly fluctuation takes place, can not make its distortion, reached optimum in good time collection corresponding algorithm.

More than novel dynamic balance experimental bench provided by the utility model is described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present utility model and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand core concept of the present utility model.Should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model principle, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the utility model, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the utility model claim.

Claims (10)

1. novel dynamic balance experimental bench, comprise worktable, be installed in the mechanical test equipment that has sensor on the worktable, with the computing machine that is used for the receiving sensor data and handles, before the described mechanical test equipment, back test panel by its main shaft by the dynamic test sole plate supports and be positioned on the worktable platform, before, back test panel is provided with and is installed in the corresponding reflective sticker of photoelectric sensor on the worktable, its main shaft one end is connected with motor output shaft by shaft coupling, the other end is provided with sensor, it is characterized in that described sensor is to be positioned at the LOAD CELLS that the main shaft below is used to detect its radial force.

2. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the dynamic test support of described forward and backward test panel is hard the support, and it is divided into forward and backward support, is respectively equipped with the support wheel of supports main shaft on it.

3. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the back support side of described dynamic test support is provided with three support wheels around axis hole, one of them support wheel is positioned at directly over the main shaft, two other support wheel lays respectively at the lower left and the lower right of main shaft, the preceding support side of described dynamic test support is provided with four support wheels around axis hole, lay respectively at main shaft on, down, a left side, right, wherein the lower support wheel can be free up and down, the locating shaft of support wheel becomes " 7 " font to link to each other with a push rod, on the LOAD CELLS before the lower end of push rod is supported on below the support.

4. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the Lower Half of support is a rectangular opening before described, one circular hole is arranged at the rectangular opening top, the push rod of band support wheel is directly fallen on the LOAD CELLS by circular hole, its below is the LOAD CELLS that is fixed in the rectangular opening, and described LOAD CELLS bottom is provided with pedestal.

5. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 4 is characterized in that, is provided with linear bearing between described push rod and the preceding base inner.

6. according to the arbitrary described novel dynamic balance experimental bench of claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that, the stationary shaft of described support wheel is installed in the endoporus of forward and backward support, and its end that support wheel is installed has the spacing shaft shoulder, and the outwardly directed other end has external thread and screws in nut.

7. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the endoporus of described forward and backward support is to be the slotted hole that radially extend at the center with the main shaft axis hole, and other support wheel except that preceding support lower support wheel is equipped with adjusting screw(rod).

8. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described adjusting screw(rod) screws in the endoporus from the outer radial of forward and backward support, and its front end is connected with the support wheel stationary shaft.

9. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described forward and backward support constitutes by foundation mass and support end cap, the top of foundation mass is formed with the rectangle protuberance, the bottom of support end cap is formed with rectangular recess, and both are chimeric up and down and link together with bolt.

10. novel dynamic balance experimental bench according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the upper support wheel of described forward and backward support is positioned on its support end cap.

Images