CN201440432U - External gas humidifier of fuel cell - Google Patents
External gas humidifier of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201440432U CN201440432U CN2009201653368U CN200920165336U CN201440432U CN 201440432 U CN201440432 U CN 201440432U CN 2009201653368 U CN2009201653368 U CN 2009201653368U CN 200920165336 U CN200920165336 U CN 200920165336U CN 201440432 U CN201440432 U CN 201440432U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- gas
- liquid
- humidifying device
- external gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model discloses an external gas humidifier of a fuel cell, which is characterized in that high temperature waste heat generated by the fuel cell is recycled, is transferred to reactant gas (hydrogen or air), and then is processed by the gas humidifier, and thus the temperature and humidity ratio of the reactant gas can be effectively improved in a short period. When the reactant gas heated and humidified enters the fuel cell, polymeric membranes can gain good humidification effect so as to improve the generating efficiency and service life of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of gas humidification device, be applied to proton exchange model fuel cell, particularly a kind of recycling high temperature waste hot that fuel cell produces, by processing, can make reacting gas promote the external gas humidifying device of the fuel cell of its temperature and water capacity at short notice again by the gas humidification device.
Background technology
(Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a kind of by by electrochemical reaction PEMFCs) to proton exchange model fuel cell, directly utilizes hydrogen (H
2) and oxygen (O
2) produce the device of electric power, because operating temperature is low, it is fast to start, energy density is high, pollutions is low, and application is in extensive range, so become the countries in the world technology of R﹠D and promotion in succession.
The main constituent components of typical case's proton exchange model fuel cell (PEMFC) comprises proton film exchange membrane (Proton Exchange Membrane, abbreviation PEM), catalyst layer (Catalyst Layer), gas diffusion layers (Gas Diffusion Layer is called for short GDL) and bipolar plates (Bipolar Plate) etc.It is a kind of solid-state macromolecule membrane (as the Nafion film of DuPont, the Aciplex film of Asahi Chemical, the BAM film of Ballard and the Gore Select film of Gore) for a proton film exchange membrane (PEM), its main function in the PEMFC battery is isolated negative electrode, two kinds of reactant gas molecules of anode, while is insulating electron also, and it only allows hydrone (H
2O) and hydrogen ion (H
+) conduction, so this kind macromolecule membrane it be a kind of airtight film, can only lead hydrogen ion (H
+) but non-conductive son.As hydrogen ion (H
+) when conducting in this macromolecule membrane, it must be by being finished by carrying just of hydrone, so the water capacity of macromolecule membrane is high more, hydrogen ion (H
+) conductibility just good more.Therefore, how to promote the water capacity of macromolecule membrane, to obtain preferable hydrogen ion electrical efficiency, this is a necessary condition of keeping proton exchange model fuel cell (PEMFC) superperformance.
Fuel cell generally can be divided into inner humidification and external humidification dual mode, each have their own pluses and minuses for the air-humidification method and the design of reacting gas.With outside humidification method, it need add a humidifier in the outside of fuel cell, and this mode also needs the heater (Heater) in the extra supply of electric power humidifier except taking up room, to improve the temperature and the humidity of reacting gas, this is the main shortcoming of this technology.But it also has many advantages: (1) can provide stable humidification amount; (2) may command and adjustment humidification amount; (3) can handle relatively large gas humidification; (4) carry out maintenance work easily.And inner humidification method, it mainly is the design of carrying out some humidification mechanisms in the inside of fuel cell, this mode major advantage: (1) volume is little, do not take up room; (2) humidifier and heater need not additionally be set, so escapable cost; (3) can directly recycle used heat or the water that fuel cell itself produces.But it also has many shortcomings: the pipe design of (1) humidification mechanism and heterogeneous when complicated with being connected of battery; (2) the wayward and adjustment of humidification amount; (3) when load is big, gas humidification often is difficult for the state of reaching capacity; (4) be difficult for carrying out maintenance work.
The patent of the reacting gas humidification design of relevant fuel cell system, also be suggested successively in recent years and improved, preceding case such as United States Patent (USP) announce the 5th, 482,680,5,527, No. 363 patents, mainly be to add a humidifier section especially in fuel cell pack (Cell Stack), shortcoming is volume and the weight that significantly increases battery pile, and the design of the runner of the fuel of battery pile inside, oxidant and water is heterogeneous when complicated in addition.United States Patent (USP) announces the 6th, 406, and No. 807 patents are to locate to design hole for water spraying at the rib ridge between gas flow (Rid, Land) on the carbon plate, can directly add water to the PEM film; United States Patent (USP) announces the 6th, 403, and No. 249 patents are to add a diaphragm type humidifier section in battery pack, can directly carry out humidification to reacting gas.United States Patent (USP) announces the 6th, 207, and No. 312 patents are to adopt design of thin membrane type humidification district on closed runner (Interdigitated flow field) and the carbon plate, and this is from wetting design.United States Patent (USP) announces the 6th, 066, and No. 408 patents are to add a suction stamen (Wick) in gas flow, and the design water inlet is to replenish the water content of suction stamen.United States Patent (USP) announces the 5th, 998, and No. 054 patent is to the spray water design of humidification of the front end of each gas flow on carbon plate.United States Patent (USP) announces the 5th, 952, and No. 119 patents are to make the hydrophily fine rule of fixed intervals on gas diffusion layers (carbon cloth), add supplementing water by fine rule thus with water distribution on the PEM film.And United States Patent (USP) to announce the 5th, 965, No. 288 patents be to adopt an outside water permeable membrane humidifier that reacting gas is carried out humidification.
The utility model content
Main purpose of the present utility model is the external gas humidifying device that proposes a kind of fuel cell, can make reacting gas promote its temperature and water capacity at short notice, and make macromolecule membrane obtain good humidification effect, promote the generating efficiency and the useful life of fuel cell (PEMFC) by this.
External gas humidifying device according to the disclosed fuel cell of the utility model, be to include cylindrical shell, preheating coiled pipe, gas distributor, by separate the liquid that is stored in the cylindrical shell by gas distributor, and the coiled pipe Duan Ze of preheating coiled pipe is dipped in the liquid, the port of export is positioned at the gas chamber that gas distributor separates, reacting gas is entered in the preheating coiled pipe, carry out heat exchange through coiled pipe section and liquid, and see through gas distributor and enter in the liquid with the state of micro-bubble by gas chamber, promote the temperature and the humidity of reacting gas.Simultaneously, cooperate and recycle the high temperature waste hot that fuel cell produced, the liquid that this used heat is seen through in the cylindrical shell is transferred to reacting gas, save the required energy loss of heating liquid, and reacting gas produces a large amount of micro-bubbles, can increase considerably the contact area of reacting gas and water, in addition in the liquid of cylindrical shell and above the coiled pipe section of this preheating coiled pipe, utilization contains the liquid plate washer of fin design, to stop this reacting gas, can significantly increase the time of staying (Retention Time) of reacting gas, so can promote heating and the humidification effect of reacting gas in the liquid contact.
On the other hand, can before the outlet of cylindrical shell, utilize the gas plate washer that contains the fin design, can reduce the dew point temperature (Dew point) of gas, make the aqueous vapor molecular aggregates of supersaturation and condense, can prevent that like this fuel cell from producing waterflooding phenomenon (Flooding).
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: can make reacting gas promote its temperature and water capacity at short notice, and make macromolecule membrane obtain good humidification effect, promote the generating efficiency and the useful life of fuel cell (PEMFC) by this.
Description of drawings
Relevant detailed content of the present utility model and technology please conjunction with figs. be described as follows, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram for the external gas humidifying device of the utility model fuel cell.
Embodiment
External gas humidifying device according to the disclosed fuel cell of the utility model sees also Fig. 1, is the humidification that is applied to the reacting gas of fuel cell (not shown), and its reacting gas can be hydrogen (H
2) or the heating and humidification of air gases such as (air).The main constituent components of fuel cell comprises proton film exchange membrane (Proton Exchange Membrane, abbreviation PEM), catalyst layer (CatalystLayer), gas diffusion layers (Gas Diffusion Layer is called for short GDL) and bipolar plates (BipolarPlate) etc.When the PEMFC battery running is operated, be to carry out hydrogen (H at anode (Anode)
2) oxidation reaction, then be to carry out oxygen (O at negative electrode (Cathode)
2) reduction reaction.At first reacting gas is the catalytic action through catalyst, makes hydrogen (H
2) resolve into hydrogen ion (H
+) and electronics (e
-) (H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
-), electronics (e
-) flow out to the outside batteries circuit from anode, after load (Load) work done, flow into negative electrode.While hydrogen ion (H
+) also see through proton film exchange membrane (PEM) by anode arrival negative electrode, and oxygen molecule (O
2) and electronics (e
-) in conjunction with producing water (H
2O) and heat (Heat) (1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e
-→ H
2O+Heat).Hydrogen ion (H
+) when anode produced, because the potential drop that inside battery exists, this hydrogen ion can constantly move to the negative electrode conduction.As hydrogen ion (H
+) because of conduction when mobile, it must follow several hydrones just can conduct (promptly with hydrated ion form H+ (H
2O) n moves).Hydrone can constantly move to negative electrode when therefore battery running was operated, and this moment will be if can not be in good time keep the skin wet will cause the PEM film over-drying, and reduction hydrogen ion (H
+) conducting power, this will make the power generation performance of PEMFC battery decline to a great extent.
As shown in Figure 1, external gas humidifying device 1 includes cylindrical shell 10, preheating coiled pipe 20, gas distributor 30, heat exchanger 40, electric heater 44, liquid plate washer 52 and gas plate washer 50.Cylindrical shell 10 is as illustrating among the figure, it is sink structure for the vertical type tubulose, inside has an accommodation space 11, be used for storing the liquid 12 that humidification is used, the outside of this accommodation space 11 can have one deck heat insulation layer and prevent that liquid 12 temperature from leaking, and also can be connected with fluid level controller 70 and thermocouple thermometer 61,62 certainly.Wherein fluid level controller 70 is mainly used to control and regulate the capacity of liquid 12, make the water level of its liquid 12 maintain a certain height (in principle can contain liquid plate washer 52) for good, and thermocouple thermometer 61,62 is mainly used to control and the temperature of indicating liquid 12, the top has outlet 112 and aqueous water source inlet 111, by the water yield that can liquid make-up 12 by aqueous water source inlet 111.
The coiled pipe section 23 that preheating coiled pipe 20 has arrival end 21, the port of export 22 and is positioned at mid portion, the designs by the coiling of being wriggled by coiled pipe section 23 are dipped in the liquid 12, and can increase the contact area with liquid 12, and then increase the effect of heat exchange.And gas distributor 30 is arranged at cylindrical shell 10 near the bottom, and the liquid 12 of accommodation space 11 is separated and forms gas chamber 31, and 22 of the ports of export of preheating coiled pipe 20 are in gas chamber 31.Gas distributor 30 is to be flat porous material structure, and its aperture is very little below 0.1mm, can be materials such as foaming metal, porous metal oxide, porous carbon.Liquid plate washer 52 and gas plate washer 50 are to form for the plate body of a slice at least, have a plurality of fins 51,53 on it respectively, and have downward-sloping angle.
At first as reacting gas (hydrogen (H
2) or air (air)) enter via arrival end 21 and enter external gas humidifying device 1, coiled pipe section 23 through preheating coiled pipe 20, at this moment, because of the coiled pipe section 23 of preheating coiled pipe 20 is to be submerged in fully in the liquid 12, so reaction gas is known from experience via coiled pipe section 23 and liquid 12 and is carried out heat exchange and make reacting gas promote its temperature.And the thermal source of liquid 12 can be by being provided by the high hot waste gas that is produced behind the fuel cell reaction, by entering heat exchanger 40 by exhaust gas entrance 41 guidings, and enter the heat-exchange tube 43 of heat exchanger 40, and carry out heat exchange with liquid 12, improve the temperature of liquid 12, then left by waste gas outlet 42, this heat-exchange tube 43 can be kenel arbitrarily such as tabular, coiled pipe.The thermal source of liquid 12 can also be provided by this electric heater 44 that is arranged on this gas distributor 30 in addition.
Then, reacting gas enters gas cavity 31 (GasChamber) by coiled pipe section 23 by the port of export 22, because of gas distributor is the porous material structure, so reacting gas produces a large amount of micro-bubble 13 and enters in the liquid 12 through out-of-date, when this micro-bubble 13 contacts with liquid 12, it can increase considerably the contact area of reacting gas and liquid 12, this micro-bubble 13 can because of buoyancy to rising, when leaving liquid 12, meeting stopping through liquid plate washer 52, because of there are many fins 53 on the surface of liquid plate washer 52, these fins 53 can significantly increase the time of staying (Retention Time) of reacting gas in liquid 12, so can make reacting gas obtain fully and effectively to heat and the humidification effect, be easy to make reacting gas to reach saturated state fully.When reacting gas is fully heated by water, to leave before the cylindrical shell 10 by outlet 112 behind the humidification, meeting stopping through gas plate washer 50, because there are many fins 51 on the surface of this gas plate washer 50, these fins 51 are mainly used to reduce the dew point temperature (Dew Point) of reacting gas, and make the aqueous vapor molecular aggregates in the reacting gas and condense, can prevent that so oversaturated reacting gas from entering in the fuel cell, because oversaturated gas is easy to condense into aqueous water, and make fuel cell produce waterflooding phenomenon (Flooding), the generating efficiency of fuel cell is significantly reduced.By this, can make at short notice that reacting gas effectively promotes its water capacity, temperature enters fuel cell.
Though the utility model discloses as above with aforesaid preferred embodiment; right its is not in order to limit the utility model; anyly have the knack of this operator; in not breaking away from spirit and scope of the present utility model; when can doing a little change and retouching, therefore protection range of the present utility model is when looking being as the criterion that the claim scope defined.
Claims (10)
1. the external gas humidifying device of a fuel cell, this fuel cell are to feed reacting gas reaction and produce electric power, and the waste gas of discharge-Gao Re, it is characterized in that this external gas humidifying device includes:
One cylindrical shell has a liquid in it, end face has an outlet;
One preheating coiled pipe is installed in this cylindrical shell, has a port of export, an arrival end and a coiled pipe section that supplies this reacting gas to enter, and this coiled pipe section is dipped in this liquid;
One liquid plate washer is arranged in the liquid of cylindrical shell, and is positioned at the coiled pipe section top of this preheating coiled pipe; And
One gas distributor is arranged at this cylindrical shell bottom, and this liquid is separated formation one gas chamber, makes the port of export of this preheating coiled pipe be located at this gas chamber.
2. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also includes a heat exchanger, is installed in this cylindrical shell.
3. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also includes a thermocouple thermometer, is installed in this cylindrical shell, and inserts this liquid.
4. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also includes a plurality of fins on described this liquid plate washer.
5. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described this liquid plate washer has a downward angle of inclination.
6. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described this gas distributor is constituted by porous material.
7. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described this porous material is selected from the combination that is made of foaming metal, porous metal oxide and porous carbon.
8. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also includes a gas plate washer, be arranged at the outlet of this cylindrical shell before.
9. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, also includes a plurality of fins on described this gas plate washer.
10. the external gas humidifying device of fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described this gas plate washer has a downward angle of inclination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201653368U CN201440432U (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 | External gas humidifier of fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201653368U CN201440432U (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 | External gas humidifier of fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201440432U true CN201440432U (en) | 2010-04-21 |
Family
ID=42545093
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201653368U Expired - Lifetime CN201440432U (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2009-07-06 | External gas humidifier of fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201440432U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109037736A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-18 | 北京久安通氢能科技有限公司 | The humidification controling adjustment device and humidifying controlling method of fuel cell |
| WO2020253100A1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | 沃尔特电子（苏州）有限公司 | Humidification tank for fuel cell |
-
2009
- 2009-07-06 CN CN2009201653368U patent/CN201440432U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109037736A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-18 | 北京久安通氢能科技有限公司 | The humidification controling adjustment device and humidifying controlling method of fuel cell |
| WO2020253100A1 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-12-24 | 沃尔特电子（苏州）有限公司 | Humidification tank for fuel cell |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20100421 |
|
| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |