CN201383670Y - Digital-type intelligent malignant load recognizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a digital-type intelligent malignant load recognizer. The recognizer comprises a measuring circuit (A), a calculating and judging circuit (B), a relay control circuit (C) and a communication setting circuit (D); the measuring circuit (A) is connected with an input terminal of the calculating and judging circuit (B), and an output terminal thereof is connected with an input terminal of the relay control circuit (C) after optical coupling isolation; a relay contact of the relay control circuit (C) is connected to a monitored and loaded circuit loop; and the other output terminal of the calculating and judging circuit (B) is connected with the input terminal of the communication setting circuit (D). The recognizer has the advantages that through the sampling of data of different resistive loads, and according to the power output and the power factors of different loads, the recognizer controls the usage of computers, water heaters, air conditioners, electric fans and other resistive loads.

Description

The pernicious load identifier of digital intelligent

Technical field

The present invention relates to the pernicious load identifier of a kind of digital intelligent, be mainly used in the electric control of using in campus student apartment.

Background technology

Along with the increasing and popularize of campus electrical appliance, campus safety utilization of electric power hidden danger and waste become campus manager's urgent problem.Mainly there is following problem:

1, in student dormitory, electric heating device causes fire incident extremely easily, as electric blanket, electric cup, Electric stove etc., particularly cause the electric blanket of fire easily, when not influencing the computer use, heating power is at the 30-50W electric blanket, and common pernicious load identifier is just uncontrollable;

2, in the student dormitory of southern colleges and universities electric fan, water heater are arranged generally, normally power supply in 24 hours, just online all night easily of student like this, thus influence school work, therefore be badly in need of solving;

3, in the most college student apartment water dispenser is arranged, about the common 550W of water dispenser heating power, as want to allow the student use water dispenser, common so pernicious load identifier with interior heating electrical appliance, makes it lose basic efficiency with regard to uncontrollable 550W;

4, the high-power resistive load characteristic generation linear change of Jie Ruing, common pernicious load identifier just can't accurately be controlled normally;

5, a lot of students deliberately insert electrical appliance in violation of rules and regulations, make the frequent break-make of relay in the pernicious load identifier, damage relay, shorten load identifier useful life.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the pernicious load identifier of a kind of digital intelligent, with solve that prior art exists can't discern electrical equipment commonly used, than high-power electric appliance and useful life short problem.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise measuring circuit A, calculate decision circuitry B, control relay circuit C and communications setting circuit D, measuring circuit A is connected with the input that calculates decision circuitry B, an output that calculates decision circuitry B is connected with the input of control relay control circuit C after light-coupled isolation, and the relay contact of this control relay circuit C is connected in the circuit loop of monitored load; Another output that calculates decision circuitry B is connected with the input of communications setting circuit D, and this communications setting circuit D adopts the UART mouth output of Mega32, is connected with 485 transition of communications chip U11 after optocoupler U3, U4 isolate.

Advantage of the present invention is: when using 5 computers, can normally use water dispenser, insert the outage at once after 3 seconds of 30W electric blanket simultaneously; According to the multi-period power consumption equipment application mode that is provided with, the power consumption equipment the parameter whether equipment that is added in the time period was learnt, unequally loaded power and power factor, thus whether control computer and water heater, air-conditioning, electric fan and other resistive load allow to use; The high power load characteristic changes and can accurately judge; Damage relay for fear of student's malice, increase the number of times that cuts off the power supply in violation of rules and regulations function is set, prolonged the useful life of identifier.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall forming circuit block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of measuring circuit A of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of calculating decision circuitry B of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of communications setting circuit D of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the single-chip microcomputer internal resource initialization flowchart of calculating decision circuitry B of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the flow chart of calculating of the present invention and judgement.

Embodiment

Referring to Fig. 1～Fig. 6, the pernicious load identifier of the present invention mainly is made up of measuring circuit A, calculating decision circuitry B, control relay circuit C and communications setting circuit D four parts.Measuring circuit A is connected with the input that calculates decision circuitry B, an output that calculates decision circuitry B is connected with the input of control relay control circuit C after light-coupled isolation, and the relay contact of this control relay circuit C is connected in the circuit loop of monitored load; Another output that calculates decision circuitry B is connected with the input of communications setting circuit D.The electric current that measuring circuit A adopts the CS5460A integrated chip of CRTSTAL company to measure the electrical network both end voltage and flow through.Calculating decision circuitry B adopts the Mega32 single-chip microcomputer U2 of AVR company to realize program control.The relay of control relay circuit C is by outside 12V power drives, and single-chip microcomputer U2 is the output control signal after optocoupler U5 isolates.

The integrated circuit CS5460A of measuring circuit A has two-way analog input channel (current channel and voltage channel, each passage is made of an amplifier and a Δ-E A/D converter), and carry electric energy metrical DSP engine, can realize energy, effective voltage, effective current output.In this design, adopt the sampling resistor mode of series resistance R4 (0.01 Ω) to measure electric current, divider resistance R2 in parallel, R3 mode measuring voltage.Measure the gained data and be transferred to calculating decision circuitry B by SPI interface (5,6,23 pins of CS5460A).

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of measuring circuit A.Civil power through capacitor C 3, resistance R 5 filtering, for system provides stable 5V power supply after the voltage stabilizing didoe D3 voltage stabilizing via the half-wave capacitance-resistance mode step-down that capacitor C 1, diode D1 and D2 constitute.Resistance R 2, R3 constitute voltage branch circuit, and AC220V voltage is reduced to AC110mV, finish voltage signal acquisition through 9,10 pin of integrated chip CS5460A.R4 is a current sampling resistor, is connected in the outside monitored load circuit, when there is load the outside, to there be electric current to flow through from resistance R 4, and, gather this pressure drop via 15,16 pin of integrated chip CS5460A in the generation pressure drop of resistance R 4 two ends, finish the current signal collection.5 (SCK), 6 (SDO), 23 (SDI) pin (being the SPI interface) by CS5460A are connected with 3 (SCK), 2 (MISO), 1 (MOSI) pin of calculating decision circuitry B single-chip microcomputer mega32 respectively, press the SPI agreement and realize transfer of data.

Referring to Fig. 3, calculating decision circuitry B is core with Mega32 single-chip microcomputer U2, the external interrupt 1 input pin INT1 (12 pin) of single-chip microcomputer U2 links to each other with the interruption output pin INT (20 pin) of CS5460A, when integrated chip CS5460A finishes an effective value calculating, external interrupt 1 triggers, in interrupt function, read Urms, Irms, E, according to effective value computing cycle T, can calculate again:

Active power P=E/T,

Apparent power S=Urms * Irms,

Reactive power $Q=\sqrt{S^2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="Y2009201505170008H2.png,Y2009201505170009H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}^2}$

Power factor (PF) f=P/S.

Parameter and laststate parameter by current state compare, and just can calculate newly-increased load parameter:

Newly-increased load active power: P _Load=P _c-P _l

Newly-increased load reactive power: Q _Load=Q _c-Q _l

Newly-increased load apparent power: $S_{\mathrm{load}}=\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P\; load"\; filenames="Y2009201505170008H2.png,Y2009201505170009H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{load}}}^2+{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Q\; load"\; filenames="Y2009201505170008H2.png,Y2009201505170009H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{load}}}^2}$

The newly-increased power-factor of load: f _Load=P _Load/ S _Load

According to these parameters, compare with the parameter of setting, if in error range, then this power consumption equipment allows to use, otherwise the control relay outage.Cause the ordinary recognition device to discern for phase change behind high power load and the last electric capacity, in the design, we are controlled by the maximum single permission bearing power of setting.High power load and go up electric capacity after, be nothing but to have changed power factor (PF), but active power P can not change, as P during greater than the maximum single permission bearing power set, the control relay outage.

For preventing that sealing in diode cracks, periodically read the transient current of 2 waveforms in the program, when continuous 3 seconds of positive and negative half period maximum during, be judged as the half-wave load and added, the relay outage greater than the value set.

Referring to Fig. 4, communications setting circuit D adopts the UART mouth output of Mega32, after optocoupler U3, U4 isolate, uses 485 transition of communications chip U11 that the TTL conversion of signals is become the differential signal of 485 communication protocols, realizes remote transfer of data.

Referring to Fig. 5, single-chip microcomputer internal resource initialize routine flow process is as follows:

During the initialization of single-chip microcomputer internal resource SPI is configured to holotype, frequency is 1/64 of a dominant frequency, the SPI impeding shutdown.The UART baud rate is 2400, and even parity check is defaulted as accepting state, receives to interrupt allowing.External interrupt 1 trailing edge triggers (be used to respond the CS5460A effective value and calculate the incident of finishing).The timer 2 cycle is set to 1S.The relay contacts adhesive.

Read the default configuration data during CS5460A initialization from EEPROM, CS5460A default configuration computing cycle is 0.2 second, calculates to finish to interrupt allowing, and low level is effective.The current channel high-pass filtering, 10 times of multiplication factors.Voltage channel does not have filtering.

To carry out DATA REASONING after the CS5460A DATA REASONING begins resets, ceases and desist order or have a power failure up to execution always.After measuring beginning, program enters an Infinite Cyclic structure.In this structure, program is at first judged the current time whether in the time period of setting, if, then upgrade needed system parameters of this time period.Judged whether that then the host computer order do not carry out (receive at UART and receive the host computer order in the interrupt response function), if having then allow this order, the type of order is corresponding one by one with the PC control order.Judge at last whether the new effective value of CS5460A calculates finish (catching in the external interrupt 1), finishes if calculate, write down this group data, the line data analysis of going forward side by side judges whether power consumption parameter is qualified.

Referring to Fig. 6, calculating of the present invention and determination methods are specific as follows:

When a valid data calculating is finished, carry out load judgment.At first the data of preceding 10S are carried out filtering, the influence that reduces to disturb.Carry out running status then and judge, in servicely have 5 states, be respectively: closed condition, in violation of rules and regulations state, normal condition, return to form, open state.In the time of in off position, relay disconnects, and all loads all do not allow use.

After apparatus of the present invention power on, at first enter open state, the relay adhesive judges whether the start power consumption parameter is qualified this moment, if qualified then enter normal condition, if the defective state in violation of rules and regulations that enters.

When being in normal condition, the relay adhesive, read the transient current value, judge whether to exist halfwave rectifier equipment (whether the difference of promptly judging the positive and negative absolute value of electric current exceeds setting range) by transient current then, if there is no then judge current newly-increased load whether qualified (judging that promptly whether newly-increased bearing power and power factor (PF) are all less than set point), if qualifiedly then judge current state whether qualified (judging that promptly whether current active power is less than set point), if it is qualified then keep present normal condition, if above three judgements have any one defective, then enter state in violation of rules and regulations.

After entering the violation state, relay disconnects, and the time delays by setting after delay time arrives, enters and returns to form the relay adhesive.

When returning to form, judge power consumption parameter this moment whether qualified (promptly judge that load in violation of rules and regulations whether qualified whether extract), if qualifiedly just enter normal condition, if the defective state in violation of rules and regulations that just enters with gross power.

The present invention is connected the voltage measurement end P4 of measuring circuit A when using with monitored load electrical network (as the power circuit of student dormitory), the two ends of current measurement end P1 are connected in the loop of monitored load.According to student dormitory manager demand, set up each on their own by host computer and use automatically controlled value parameter, the control precision continuous number is given, as is controlled at 30W, 31W, 32W etc., and learning functionality and time period can the multichannel settings.

Claims (3)

1, the pernicious load identifier of a kind of digital intelligent, it is characterized in that: comprise measuring circuit (A), calculate decision circuitry (B), control relay circuit (C) and communications setting circuit (D), measuring circuit (A) is connected with the input that calculates decision circuitry (B), an output that calculates decision circuitry (B) is connected with the input of control relay control circuit (C) after light-coupled isolation, and the relay contact of this control relay circuit (C) is connected in the circuit loop of monitored load; Another output that calculates decision circuitry (B) is connected with the input of communications setting circuit (D), and this communications setting circuit (D) adopts the UART mouth output of Mega32, is connected with 485 transition of communications chips (U11) after optocoupler (U3, U4) is isolated.

2, the pernicious load identifier of digital intelligent according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring circuit (A) adopts the CS5460A integrated chip, the half-wave resistance-capacitance circuit that civil power constitutes via electric capacity (C1), diode (D1, D2), by electric capacity (C3), resistance (R5) filter circuit, stable 5V power supply is formed in voltage stabilizing didoe (D3) voltage stabilizing; Resistance (R2, R3) constitutes voltage branch circuit, and is connected with the 9th, 10 pin of integrated chip (CS5460A); Current sampling resistor (R4) is connected on the external loading loop, and is connected with 15,16 pin of described integrated chip (CS5460A); SPI interface by integrated chip (CS5460A) is connected with described calculating decision circuitry (B), realizes transfer of data.

3, the pernicious load identifier of digital intelligent according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described calculating decision circuitry (B) is a core with Mega32 single-chip microcomputer (U2), and the first external interrupt end is input to the INT1 end and links to each other with the interruption output INT pin of described integrated chip (CS5460A); Described SPI interface pin (MOSI, MISO, SCK) directly is connected with the 5th, 6,23 pins of described integrated chip (CS5460A) respectively; The UART interface RXD end of single-chip microcomputer (U2), TXD end and direction of communication by after the conversion of 485 protocol conversion chips, support the equipment of 485 agreements to be connected with the outside after selecting pin to isolate by optocoupler (U3, U4) again.

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