CN201177768Y - Thermostatic control apparatus for electric water heater - Google Patents
Thermostatic control apparatus for electric water heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN201177768Y CN201177768Y CNU2007203110329U CN200720311032U CN201177768Y CN 201177768 Y CN201177768 Y CN 201177768Y CN U2007203110329 U CNU2007203110329 U CN U2007203110329U CN 200720311032 U CN200720311032 U CN 200720311032U CN 201177768 Y CN201177768 Y CN 201177768Y
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a constant temperature control device, in particular to an electric water heater used constant temperature control device controlled via a singlechip and provided with a current leakage detecting circuit and an overheating protection switch. The constant temperature control device comprises a variable-voltage rectification voltage stabilizing circuit, a current leakage detecting circuit, a voltage zero-crossing detecting circuit, a water inlet temperature detecting circuit, a water outlet temperature detecting circuit, a waterflow detecting circuit, an overheating protection detecting circuit, a keyboard detecting circuit, a singlechip circuit, a relay driving circuit, a silicon controlled driving circuit, a relay output circuit, a silicon controlled output circuit and an LCD display circuit. The singlechip detects the parameters of all the circuits; after rated values are exceeded, the constant temperature protection of an electric water heater can be realized by cutting off the load power supply of the heater through the relay driving circuit; the constant temperature control device can provide basic constant output temperature that the water outlet temperature is not changed along with the changes of waterflow, power supply voltage and water inlet temperature for the water heater products, and a plurality of safety protection measures are taken.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of thermostatically-controlled equipment, and is particularly a kind of by Single-chip Controlling, has the electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment of electric-leakage detection circuit, high temperature protection circuit.
Background technology
Electric heater is meant and adopts various heaters, makes the electric equipment products of water heating, its type of heating mainly contain quick-heating type and Instant heating type two kinds as heating wire, electric heating tube, PTC heater, quartzy resistive film heating tube etc.Quick-heating type and instant electric water heater's product advantage little, energy-conservation, comfortable because of its volume, that go out hot water has at any time obtained development fast in China water heater market in recent years.And quick-heating type in the market and instant electric water heater's product adopt fixing power gear to regulate power mode mostly; this series products leaving water temperature in use can be with the variation of discharge; the fluctuation of supply voltage; go into the variations simultaneously such as fluctuation of coolant-temperature gage; the comfort level that causes the user to use reduces; can not make leaving water temperature not with discharge on the existing water heater product; supply voltage; go into that coolant-temperature gage etc. changes and the control device that changes; for the power supply source abnormal protection; the overheated abnormal protection of water heater, multiple safety precautions such as leaving water temperature overheating protection are imperfection also.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of leaving water temperature of water heater that makes and does not change with discharge, supply voltage, entry variation of temperature; and has an abnormity of power supply protection; the overheated abnormal protection of water heater, the electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment of multiple safety precautions such as leaving water temperature overheating protection.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the utility model is realized as follows: electric heater described in the utility model comprises transformation regulator rectifier circuit, electric-leakage detection circuit, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit, entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit, single chip circuit, relay drive circuit, controllable silicon drive circuit, relay output circuit, controllable silicon output circuit, LCD display circuit with thermostatically-controlled equipment; The power supply input utmost point is told two-way after by current transformer and is connected with electric-leakage detection circuit with the transformation regulator rectifier circuit, 5V and 12V power supply that the transformation regulator rectifier circuit provides work to use for the electronic component in the controller, the 5V power supply provides voltage for entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit and LCD display circuit, and the 12V power supply provides power supply for voltage comparator, triode switch control circuit, relay drive circuit and controllable silicon drive circuit; Electric-leakage detection circuit, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit, entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit link to each other with single-chip microcomputer respectively; Single-chip microcomputer lead line and relay drive circuit, controllable silicon drive circuit, relay output circuit, controllable silicon output circuit and LCD display circuit link; single-chip microcomputer detects the parameter of a circuit; above after specified; by the power supply of relay drive circuit cut-out heater load, realize constant temperature protection to electric heater.
Described transformation regulator rectifier circuit is made up of transformer BK, bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4), diode D5,7085 three terminal regulators, capacitor C 1-C5 filtering circuit, 220VAC is through transformer BK step-down, after bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4) rectification, the cycle of obtaining is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V, the unidirectional current limliting of this signal one tunnel process diode D5 offers C2, C3 filtering obtains the 12V power supply signal, produce 5V voltage through 7805 output end of pressure-stabilizing simultaneously, obtain the 5V power supply signal through C4, C5 filtering.
The voltage difference pick-up unit that described electric-leakage detection circuit is made up of ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor, leakage current detection integrated circuit (IC) 01, photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03, triode Q3, Q4 driving switch circuit, LED01 luminotron indicating circuit etc. are formed; During work, the AC power L of water heater, it is the water heater power supply that the N input signal cable passes the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor, when electric leakage appears in water heater, L, the resultant current of N two lines equals leakage current, the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor produces the induction output voltage when leakage current reaches 10MA, produce the voltage of 10MV at the two ends of pull-up resistor R01, this voltage is through D01, the D01 amplitude limit, capacitor C 01, C02 resistance R 02, R03 filtering offers the signal input port of IC01, the output port of IC01 produces high level output, through the base stage of R04 connection triode Q01, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level; The collector signal of Q01 divides three the tunnel to connect, and one the tunnel connects input of single chip 5, offers single-chip microcomputer detection of electrical leakage signal; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects the negative pole of D7, and passes through the base stage that R28, R29 connect triode Q4, and the collector of Q4 connects the base stage of Q3 through R30; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects R05 and luminotron LED01; When leakage current reaches 10MA, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level, making the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police on the one hand indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5, make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect, water heater quits work; After single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm, 1,2,28,29 port output low levels with single-chip microcomputer, turn-off relay and silicon controlled driving circuit IC3, disconnect relay K J1, KJ2 and controllable silicon SCR 1, SCR2, stop heating work, and carry out alarm and protection; Photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03 form the voltage difference pick-up unit, two input ends, 1,2 pin of IC02, IC03 are in parallel in the other direction, one the tunnel connects water heater metal shell earth point PE, and links to each other with the PE ground wire of external power source introducing, and another road links to each other with the N line through current-limiting resistance R8; Two output pins, 3,4 parallel connections of IC02, IC03,4 pin ground connection, 3 pin connect the collector of triode Q01, and the port 5 with the negative pole of diode D7, resistance R 5, single-chip microcomputer is connected simultaneously; When one of shell or N line are charged, produce potential difference (PD) between PE line and the N line, through current-limiting resistance R8 current limliting rear drive IC02, IC03 conducting, 3 pin produce low level signal, same one side makes the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police and indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5 make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect.Water heater quits work.After single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, turn-off relay and silicon controlled control port immediately, disconnect heater power source, and carry out alarm and protection.
Described voltage zero-crossing detection circuit is made up of divider resistance R1, R2, R3, filter capacitor C6, switch triode Q1, pull-up resistor R4; It is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V that voltage zero-crossing detection circuit obtains the cycle, this signal is through resistance R 1, R2, R3 dividing potential drop, capacitor C 6 filtering, the base stage of control triode Q1, emitter at Q1 is shaped to the pulse square wave signal synchronous with the AC supply voltage zero crossing, this pulse square wave signal is given the pulse detection input port of single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer just can detect the voltage over zero of AC power.
Described entry temperature sensing circuit is made up of NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR1 and divider resistance R16, filter capacitor C13, SR1 one termination 5V, and the A/D input port 25 of the other end and R16, C13, single-chip microcomputer is connected, the other end ground connection of R16.When the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR1, and the bleeder circuit that SR1 and R16 form produces change in voltage on the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port 25, and single-chip microcomputer detects into coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port 25.
Described leaving water temperature testing circuit is made up of NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR2 and divider resistance R17, filter capacitor C14, SR2 one termination 5V, and the A/D input port 24 of the other end and R17, C14, single-chip microcomputer is connected, the other end ground connection of R17.When the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR2, and the bleeder circuit that SR2 and R17 form produces change in voltage on the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port 24, and single-chip microcomputer detects coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port 24.
Described discharge testing circuit is made up of flow sensor FLUX SENSOR, triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, C11.1, No. 3 port of flow sensor inserts the 5V power supply, and No. 2 ports are output signal, connects R15, and R15 connects the base stage of Q2, and the emitter of Q2 connects the port one 4 of single-chip microcomputer.Flow sensor inserts in the oral siphon of water heater, when flowing through, current drive the turbine rotation in the sensor, electronic detecting device in the flow sensor produces pulse signal and exports from No. 2 ports, through the shaping circuit formed by triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, C11 pulse signal is formed standard signal and be input to the port one 4 of single-chip microcomputer, owing to the size of flow becomes certain relation with the width of pulse by the emitter of Q2.Single-chip microcomputer just can detect the flow of entry by the width that detects pulse.
Described high heat protection testing circuit is made up of overheat switch K1 and triode Q5, resistance R 25, R26, R27, and the collector of Q5 connects the I/O input port 6 of single-chip microcomputer, and temperature protection signal is provided; Overheat switch is installed on the shell of calandria, under the normal condition, and the overheat switch closure, the base stage of Q5 is a low level, and Q5 ends, and the current collection of Q5 is high level very; When overtemperature appearred in the shell body temperature, the base stage of Q5 was a high level, the Q5 conducting, and the current collection of Q5 is low level very, and single-chip microcomputer detects low level signal, carries out overheated execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm.
Described LCD display circuit is made up of LCD display, LCD chip for driving IC2, the 21-24 port of IC2 is connected with the COM1-COM4 pin of LCD screen, the 8-35 port of IC2 is connected with the SEG pin of LCD screen, the corresponding connection of 21,22,23 ports of 9,111,12 ports of IC2 and single-chip microcomputer, the status information that single-chip microcomputer will need to show sends IC2 to by 21,22,23 ports, and IC2 just can make the status information of LCD screen display water heater.
Described keyboard checking circuit is made up of three keyswitch ON/OFF, DEC, INC and capacitor C 7, C8, C9, resistance R 10, R11, R12, one pin of every keyswitch connects the ground end of 5V power supply, and the another pin is connected to the corresponding port 12,11,26 of single-chip microcomputer.When no button operation, the corresponding port 12,11,26 of single-chip microcomputer is a high level, and when key was pressed, the corresponding port of single-chip microcomputer was a low level, and the variation of single-chip microcomputer by the detection port level just can detect the operation by part.The ON/OFF button is used for the startup and shutdown operation, and DEC, INC button are used to adjust coolant-temperature gage.
Good effect of the present utility model is; its can be the water heater product provide coolant-temperature gage not with discharge, supply voltage, go into the control device of the substantially constant output temperature that coolant-temperature gage etc. changes; and provide abnormity of power supply protection; the overheated abnormal protection of water heater, multiple safety precautions such as leaving water temperature overheating protection.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the utility model is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of the utility model preferred implementation
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model preferred implementation
Among the figure, 1 transformation regulator rectifier circuit, 2 electric-leakage detection circuits
3 voltage zero-crossing detection circuits, 4 entry temperature sensing circuits
5 leaving water temperature testing circuits, 6 discharge testing circuits
7 high heat protection testing circuit 8 keyboard checking circuits
9 single-chip microcomputers, 10 relay drive circuits
11 controllable silicon drive circuits, 12 relay output circuits
13 controllable silicon output circuit 14LCD display circuits
15 current transformers
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, electric heater described in the utility model comprises transformation regulator rectifier circuit 1, electric-leakage detection circuit 2, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit 3, entry temperature sensing circuit 4, leaving water temperature testing circuit 5, discharge testing circuit 6, high heat protection testing circuit 7, keyboard checking circuit 8, single chip circuit 9, relay drive circuit 10, controllable silicon drive circuit 11, relay output circuit 12, controllable silicon output circuit 13, LCD display circuit 14 with thermostatically-controlled equipment; The power supply input utmost point is told two-way after by current transformer 15 and is connected with electric-leakage detection circuit 2 with transformation regulator rectifier circuit 1,5V and 12V power supply that transformation regulator rectifier circuit 1 provides work to use for the electronic component in the controller, the 5V power supply provides voltage for entry temperature sensing circuit 4, leaving water temperature testing circuit 5, discharge testing circuit 6, high heat protection testing circuit 7, keyboard checking circuit 8 and LCD display circuit 14, and the 12V power supply provides power supply for relay drive circuit 10 and controllable silicon drive circuit 11; Electric-leakage detection circuit 2, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit 3, entry temperature sensing circuit 4, leaving water temperature testing circuit 5, discharge testing circuit 6, high heat protection testing circuit 7, keyboard checking circuit 8 link to each other with single-chip microcomputer 9 respectively; Single-chip microcomputer 9 lead lines and relay drive circuit 10, controllable silicon drive circuit 11, relay output circuit 12, controllable silicon output circuit 13 and LCD display circuit 14 link; single-chip microcomputer detects the parameter of a circuit; above after specified; by the power supply of relay drive circuit 10 cut-out heater loads, realize constant temperature protection to electric heater.
As shown in Figure 2, described transformation regulator rectifier circuit 1 is made up of transformer BK, bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4), diode D5,7085 three terminal regulators, capacitor C 1-C5 filtering circuit, 220VAC is through transformer BK step-down, after bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4) rectification, the cycle of obtaining is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V, the unidirectional current limliting of this signal one tunnel process diode D5 offers C2, C3 filtering obtains the 12V power supply signal, produce 5V voltage through 7805 output end of pressure-stabilizing simultaneously, obtain the 5V power supply signal through C4, C5 filtering.
The voltage difference pick-up unit that described electric-leakage detection circuit 2 is made up of ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor 15, leakage current detection integrated circuit (IC) 01, photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03, triode Q3, Q4 driving switch circuit, LED01 luminotron indicating circuit etc. are formed; During work, the AC power L of water heater, it is the water heater power supply that the N input signal cable passes the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor, when electric leakage appears in water heater, L, the resultant current of N two lines equals leakage current, the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor produces the induction output voltage when leakage current reaches 10MA, produce the voltage of 10MV at the two ends of pull-up resistor R01, this voltage is through D01, the D01 amplitude limit, capacitor C 01, C02 resistance R 02, R03 filtering offers the signal input port of IC01, the output port of IC01 produces high level output, through the base stage of R04 connection triode Q01, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level; The collector signal of Q01 divides three the tunnel to connect, and one the tunnel connects input of single chip 5, offers single-chip microcomputer detection of electrical leakage signal; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects the negative pole of D7, and passes through the base stage that R28, R29 connect triode Q4, and the collector of Q4 connects the base stage of Q3 through R30; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects R05 and luminotron LED01; When leakage current reaches 10MA, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level, making the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police on the one hand indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5, make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect, water heater quits work; After single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm, 1,2,28,29 port output low levels with single-chip microcomputer, turn-off relay and silicon controlled driving circuit IC3, disconnect relay K J1, KJ2 and controllable silicon SCR 1, SCR2, stop heating work, and carry out alarm and protection; Photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03 form the voltage difference pick-up unit, two input ends, 1,2 pin of IC02, IC03 are in parallel in the other direction, one the tunnel connects water heater metal shell earth point PE, and links to each other with the PE ground wire of external power source introducing, and another road links to each other with the N line through current-limiting resistance R8; Two output pins, 3,4 parallel connections of IC02, IC03,4 pin ground connection, 3 pin connect the collector of triode Q01, and the port 5 with the negative pole of diode D7, resistance R 5, single-chip microcomputer is connected simultaneously; When one of shell or N line are charged, produce potential difference (PD) between PE line and the N line, through current-limiting resistance R8 current limliting rear drive IC02, IC03 conducting, 3 pin produce low level signal, same one side makes the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police and indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5 make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect.Water heater quits work.After single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, turn-off relay and silicon controlled control port immediately, disconnect heater power source, and carry out alarm and protection.
Described voltage zero-crossing detection circuit 3 is made up of divider resistance R1, R2, R3, filter capacitor C6, switch triode Q1, pull-up resistor R4; It is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V that voltage zero-crossing detection circuit obtains the cycle, this signal is through resistance R 1, R2, R3 dividing potential drop, capacitor C 6 filtering, the base stage of control triode Q1, emitter at Q1 is shaped to the pulse square wave signal synchronous with the AC supply voltage zero crossing, this pulse square wave signal is given the pulse detection input port of single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer just can detect the voltage over zero of AC power.
Described entry temperature sensing circuit 4 is made up of NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR1 and divider resistance R16, filter capacitor C13, SR1 one termination 5V, and the A/D input port 25 of the other end and R16, C13, single-chip microcomputer is connected, the other end ground connection of R16.When the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR1, and the bleeder circuit that SR1 and R16 form produces change in voltage on the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port 25, and single-chip microcomputer detects into coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port 25.
Described leaving water temperature testing circuit 5 is made up of NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR2 and divider resistance R17, filter capacitor C14, SR2 one termination 5V, and the A/D input port 24 of the other end and R17, C14, single-chip microcomputer is connected, the other end ground connection of R17.When the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR2, and the bleeder circuit that SR2 and R17 form produces change in voltage on the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port 24, and single-chip microcomputer detects coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port 24.
Described discharge testing circuit 6 is made up of flow sensor FLUX SENSOR, triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, C11.1, No. 3 port of flow sensor inserts the 5V power supply, and No. 2 ports are output signal, connects R15, and R15 connects the base stage of Q2, and the emitter of Q2 connects the port one 4 of single-chip microcomputer.Flow sensor inserts in the oral siphon of water heater, when flowing through, current drive the turbine rotation in the sensor, electronic detecting device in the flow sensor produces pulse signal and exports from No. 2 ports, through the shaping circuit formed by triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, C11 pulse signal is formed standard signal and be input to the port one 4 of single-chip microcomputer, owing to the size of flow becomes certain relation with the width of pulse by the emitter of Q2.Single-chip microcomputer just can detect the flow of entry by the width that detects pulse.
Described high heat protection testing circuit 7 is made up of overheat switch K1 and triode Q5, resistance R 25, R26, R27, and the collector of Q5 connects the I/O input port 6 of single-chip microcomputer, and temperature protection signal is provided; Overheat switch is installed on the shell of calandria, under the normal condition, and the overheat switch closure, the base stage of Q5 is a low level, and Q5 ends, and the current collection of Q5 is high level very; When overtemperature appearred in the shell body temperature, the base stage of Q5 was a high level, the Q5 conducting, and the current collection of Q5 is low level very, and single-chip microcomputer detects low level signal, carries out overheated execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm.
Described LCD display circuit 14 is made up of LCD display, LCD chip for driving IC2, the 21-24 port of IC2 is connected with the COM1-COM4 pin of LCD screen, the 8-35 port of IC2 is connected with the SEG pin of LCD screen, the corresponding connection of 21,22,23 ports of 9,111,12 ports of IC2 and single-chip microcomputer, the status information that single-chip microcomputer will need to show sends IC2 to by 21,22,23 ports, and IC2 just can make the status information of LCD screen display water heater.
Described keyboard checking circuit 8 is made up of three keyswitch ON/OFF, DEC, INC and capacitor C 7, C8, C9, resistance R 10, R11, R12, one pin of every keyswitch connects the ground end of 5V power supply, and the another pin is connected to the corresponding port 12,11,26 of single-chip microcomputer.When no button operation, the corresponding port 12,11,26 of single-chip microcomputer is a high level, and when key was pressed, the corresponding port of single-chip microcomputer was a low level, and the variation of single-chip microcomputer by the detection port level just can detect the operation by part.The ON/OFF button is used for the startup and shutdown operation, and DEC, INC button are used to adjust coolant-temperature gage.
Described relay drive circuit 10 and relay output circuit 11 are made up of IC3 reverse driven and relay K J1, KJ2.The input end of IC3 reverse driven connects the output control terminal mouth 28,29 of single-chip microcomputer respectively, the output terminal of IC3 respective channel connects the control line bag of relay respectively, the other end of the control line bag of relay connects the collector (12V) of Q3, and the output contact of relay connects the alternating current input power supplying of well heater.When single-chip microcomputer need be opened the output of relay, with control port 28,29 output high level, through the respective channel conducting of IC3, relay line bag was switched on, and relay gets electric output contact conducting, and the communication power supply of well heater is connected.When single-chip microcomputer need turn-off the output of relay, with control port 28,29 output low levels, through the respective channel disconnection of IC3, relay line bag was disconnected, and the relay electric-loss output contact disconnects, with the communication power supply disconnection of well heater.
Described controllable silicon drive circuit 12 and controllable silicon output circuit 13 are made up of IC3 reverse driven, light lotus root IC4, IC5, controllable silicon SCR 1, SCR2, the input end of IC3 reverse driven connects the output control terminal mouth 1,2 of single-chip microcomputer respectively, the output terminal of IC3 respective channel connects No. 2 ports of light lotus root IC4, IC5 respectively, and No. 1 port of IC4, IC5 is connected to the collector (12V) of Q3 by resistance.No. 4 ports of IC4, IC5 are connected with silicon controlled control end 3, and No. 1 port of controllable silicon connects the output contact of relay, and No. 2 ports of controllable silicon connect heating tube.When single-chip microcomputer need be opened silicon controlled output, with control port 1,2 output high level, through the respective channel conducting of IC3, the input end of light lotus root IC4, IC5 is connected, the output terminal of light lotus root IC4, IC5 is connected the conducting of control controllable silicon, well heater P1, the P2 heating of switching on.When single-chip microcomputer need cut out silicon controlled output, with control port 1,2 output low levels, through the respective channel disconnection of IC3, the input end of light lotus root IC4, IC5 disconnects, the output terminal of light lotus root IC4, IC5 disconnects, and controllable silicon turn-offs at output voltage zero crossing place, and well heater P1, P2 stop heating.
Control procedure of the present utility model is as follows, during start, when single-chip microcomputer meets the startup heating condition by detecting input state, starts heater heats, and adopts following four kinds of control modes:
(1) temperature control: the initial output power of well heater is determined that by current discharge, design temperature and inflow temperature difference computing formula P=K*Q* (Tout-Tin), P are heating power, Q is a flow, Tout is a leaving water temperature, and Tin is for going into coolant-temperature gage, and K is a constant; After this according to the temperature comparing result of current leaving water temperature and setting, the instant output power by fuzzy PID control method adjustment well heater keeps effluent temperature constancy constant.
(2) power adjustments: every group of electric heater adjusted the output power size by controllable silicon conducting dutyfactor adjusting method, and the duty cycle adjustment scope is 0-1, and well heater regulated by following stepping principle according to the well heater number of using:
When using two well heaters, an one employing coarse adjustment mode, another adopts fine tuning mode.
When using three well heaters, wherein two are adopted the coarse adjustment mode, and another adopts the fine tuning mode, or an one employing coarse adjustment mode, and two are adopted the fine tuning mode in addition.
When using four well heaters, wherein three are adopted the coarse adjustment mode, and another adopts the fine tuning mode, or two adopts the coarse adjustment mode, and two are adopted the fine tuning mode in addition.
The well heater coarse adjustment is divided into third gear, promptly 0,1/3 group of power, 2/3 group of power, organize power entirely, corresponding controllable silicon conducting dutycycle is 0,1/3,2/3,1.
The well heater fine tuning requires to be divided into the 24-240 shelves according to temperature-controlled precision, if Heater group power is 4000W, when selecting 240 grades of regulative modes, it is 4000/240=16.7W that minimum power is regulated unit,
(3) controllable silicon dutycycle and alternating current zero crossing adjusted in concert: owing to adopted the alternating voltage zero-crossing testing circuit, adopt and the synchronous control method of AC supply voltage zero crossing for the silicon controlled duty cycle adjustment, the minimum switch periods of silicon controlled is identical with the alternation cycle, can guarantee accurate duty cycle adjustment like this, the accuracy of control real output.
(4) control device has following multiple alarm and protection measure: when single-chip microcomputer detects following guard signal, turn-off the output of well heater immediately, LCD shows the protection code.Earth leakage protection, leaving water temperature surpass protection when setting the protection value, heater housing overtemperature prote, protection when flow is lower than setting protection value, temperature sensor emergency protection, well heater abnormal protection.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment is characterized in that: it comprises transformation regulator rectifier circuit, electric-leakage detection circuit, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit, entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit, single chip circuit, relay drive circuit, controllable silicon drive circuit, relay output circuit, controllable silicon output circuit, LCD display circuit; The power supply input utmost point is told two-way after by current transformer and is connected with electric-leakage detection circuit with the transformation regulator rectifier circuit, 5V and 12V power supply that the transformation regulator rectifier circuit provides work to use for the electronic component in the controller, the 5V power supply provides voltage for entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit and LCD display circuit, and the 12V power supply provides power supply for relay drive circuit and controllable silicon drive circuit; Electric-leakage detection circuit, voltage zero-crossing detection circuit, entry temperature sensing circuit, leaving water temperature testing circuit, discharge testing circuit, high heat protection testing circuit, keyboard checking circuit link to each other with single-chip microcomputer respectively; Single-chip microcomputer lead line and relay drive circuit, controllable silicon drive circuit, relay output circuit, controllable silicon output circuit and LCD display circuit link; single-chip microcomputer detects the parameter of a circuit; above after specified; by the power supply of relay drive circuit cut-out heater load, realize constant temperature protection to electric heater.
2, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described transformation regulator rectifier circuit is by transformer BK, bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4), diode D5,7085 three terminal regulators, capacitor C 1-C5 filtering circuit is formed, 220VAC is through transformer BK step-down, after bridge rectifier circuit (D1-D4) rectification, the cycle of obtaining is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V, this signal one tunnel offers C2 through the unidirectional current limliting of diode D5, C3 filtering obtains the 12V power supply signal, produce 5V voltage through 7805 output end of pressure-stabilizing simultaneously, through C4, C5 filtering obtains the 5V power supply signal.
3, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described electric-leakage detection circuit is made up of voltage difference pick-up unit, triode Q3, Q4 driving switch circuit, LED01 luminotron indicating circuit that ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor (15), leakage current detection integrated circuit (IC) 01, photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03 form; During work, the AC power L of water heater, it is the water heater power supply that the N input signal cable passes the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor, when electric leakage appears in water heater, L, the resultant current of N two lines equals leakage current, the ZCT zero sequence current mutual inductor produces the induction output voltage when leakage current reaches 10MA, produce the voltage of 10MV at the two ends of pull-up resistor R01, this voltage is through D01, the D01 amplitude limit, capacitor C 01, C02 resistance R 02, R03 filtering offers the signal input port of IC01, the output port of IC01 produces high level output, through the base stage of R04 connection triode Q01, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level; The collector signal of Q01 divides three the tunnel to connect, and one the tunnel connects input of single chip (5), offers single-chip microcomputer detection of electrical leakage signal; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects the negative pole of D7, and passes through the base stage that R28, R29 connect triode Q4, and the collector of Q4 connects the base stage of Q3 through R30; Another road of the collector of triode Q01 connects R05 and luminotron LED01; When leakage current reaches 10MA, the collector of triode Q01 produces low level, making the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police on the one hand indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5, make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect, water heater quits work; After single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm, 1,2,28,29 port output low levels with single-chip microcomputer, turn-off relay and silicon controlled driving circuit IC3, disconnect relay K J1, KJ2 and controllable silicon SCR 1, SCR2, stop heating work, and carry out alarm and protection; Photoelectric coupling circuit IC02, IC03 form the voltage difference pick-up unit, two input ends, 1,2 pin of IC02, IC03 are in parallel in the other direction, one the tunnel connects water heater metal shell earth point PE, and links to each other with the PE ground wire of external power source introducing, and another road links to each other with the N line through current-limiting resistance R8; Two output pins, 3,4 parallel connections of IC02, IC03,4 pin ground connection, 3 pin connect the collector of triode Q01, and the port 5 with the negative pole of diode D7, resistance R 5, single-chip microcomputer is connected simultaneously; When one of shell or N line are charged, produce potential difference (PD) between PE line and the N line, through current-limiting resistance R8 current limliting rear drive IC02, IC03 conducting, 3 pin produce low level signal, same one side makes the luminous generation of LED01 conducting report to the police and indicates, make Q4, Q3 end simultaneously on the other hand, the line bag of block system relay KJ1, KJ2 and the driving power of controllable silicon drive circuit IC4, IC5 make the controllable silicon of relay disconnect; Water heater quits work, and after single-chip microcomputer detects electric leakage signal simultaneously, turn-offs relay and silicon controlled control port immediately, disconnects heater power source, and carries out alarm and protection.
4, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described voltage zero-crossing detection circuit (3) is made up of divider resistance R1, R2, R3, filter capacitor C6, switch triode Q1, pull-up resistor R4; It is that ac input signal 2 double amplitude values are the all-wave fluctuating signal of 12V that voltage zero-crossing detection circuit obtains the cycle, this signal is through resistance R 1, R2, R3 dividing potential drop, capacitor C 6 filtering, the base stage of control triode Q1, emitter at Q1 is shaped to the pulse square wave signal synchronous with the AC supply voltage zero crossing, this pulse square wave signal is given the pulse detection input port of single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer just can detect the voltage over zero of AC power.
5, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described entry temperature sensing circuit is by NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR1 and divider resistance R16, filter capacitor C13 forms, SR1 one termination 5V, the other end and R16, C13, the A/D input port (25) of single-chip microcomputer connects, the other end ground connection of R16, when the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR1, the bleeder circuit that SR1 and R16 form, go up the generation change in voltage at the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port (25), single-chip microcomputer detects into coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port (25); Described leaving water temperature testing circuit (5) is made up of NTC thermistor temperature sensor SR2 and divider resistance R17, filter capacitor C14, SR2 one termination 5V, the A/D input port 24 of the other end and R17, C14, single-chip microcomputer is connected, the other end ground connection of R17, when the entry temperature variation, the corresponding variation takes place in the resistance of SR2, the bleeder circuit that SR2 and R17 form, go up the generation change in voltage at the A/D of single-chip microcomputer input port (24), single-chip microcomputer detects coolant-temperature gage by the magnitude of voltage of detection port (24); Described discharge testing circuit (6) is by flow sensor FLUX SENSOR, triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, C11 forms, 1 of flow sensor, No. 3 port inserts the 5V power supply, No. 2 ports are output signal, connect R15, R15 connects the base stage of Q2, the emitter of Q2 connects the port (14) of single-chip microcomputer, flow sensor inserts in the oral siphon of water heater, when flowing through, current drive the turbine rotation in the sensor, electronic detecting device in the flow sensor produces pulse signal and exports from No. 2 ports, process is by triode Q2, resistance R 13, R14, R15, filter capacitor C10, the shaping circuit that C11 forms forms standard signal is input to single-chip microcomputer by the emitter of Q2 port (14) with pulse signal, because the size of flow becomes certain relation with the width of pulse, single-chip microcomputer just can detect the flow of entry by the width that detects pulse.
6, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described high heat protection testing circuit is made up of overheat switch K1 and triode Q5, resistance R 25, R26, R27, the collector of Q5 connects the I/O input port (6) of single-chip microcomputer, and temperature protection signal is provided; Overheat switch is installed on the shell of calandria, under the normal condition, and the overheat switch closure, the base stage of Q5 is a low level, and Q5 ends, and the current collection of Q5 is high level very; When overtemperature appearred in the shell body temperature, the base stage of Q5 was a high level, the Q5 conducting, and the current collection of Q5 is low level very, and single-chip microcomputer detects low level signal, carries out overheated execute protection shutdown and actuation of an alarm.
7, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described LCD display circuit is made up of LCD display, LCD chip for driving IC2, the 21-24 port of IC2 is connected with the COM1-COM4 pin of LCD screen, the 8-35 port of IC2 is connected with the SEG pin of LCD screen, the corresponding connection of 21,22,23 ports of 9,111,12 ports of IC2 and single-chip microcomputer, the status information that single-chip microcomputer will need to show sends IC2 to by 21,22,23 ports, and IC2 just can make the status information of LCD screen display water heater.
8, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described keyboard checking circuit is by three keyswitch ON/OFF, DEC, INC and capacitor C 7, C8, C9, resistance R 10, R11, R12 forms, one pin of every keyswitch connects the ground end of 5V power supply, the another pin is connected to the corresponding port 12 of single-chip microcomputer, 11,26, when no button operation, the corresponding port 12 of single-chip microcomputer, 11,26 is high level, when key is pressed, the corresponding port of single-chip microcomputer is a low level, the variation of single-chip microcomputer by the detection port level just can detect the operation by part, the ON/OFF button is used for startup and shutdown operation, DEC, the INC button is used to adjust coolant-temperature gage.
9, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described relay drive circuit and relay output circuit are made up of IC3 reverse driven and relay K J1, KJ2; The input end of IC3 reverse driven connects the output control terminal mouth 28,29 of single-chip microcomputer respectively, the output terminal of IC3 respective channel connects the control line bag of relay respectively, the other end of the control line bag of relay connects the collector of Q3, and the output contact of relay connects the alternating current input power supplying of well heater; When single-chip microcomputer need be opened the output of relay, with control port 28,29 output high level, through the respective channel conducting of IC3, relay line bag was switched on, and relay gets electric output contact conducting, and the communication power supply of well heater is connected; When single-chip microcomputer need turn-off the output of relay, with control port 28,29 output low levels, through the respective channel disconnection of IC3, relay line bag was disconnected, and the relay electric-loss output contact disconnects, with the communication power supply disconnection of well heater.
10, electric heater thermostatically-controlled equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described controllable silicon drive circuit and controllable silicon output circuit are by the IC3 reverse driven, light lotus root IC4, IC5, controllable silicon SCR 1, SCR2 forms, the input end of IC3 reverse driven connects the output control terminal mouth 1 of single-chip microcomputer respectively, 2, the output terminal of IC3 respective channel connects light lotus root IC4 respectively, No. 2 ports of IC5, IC4, No. 1 port of IC5 is connected to the collector 12V of Q3 by resistance, IC4, No. 4 ports of IC5 are connected with silicon controlled control end 3, No. 1 port of controllable silicon connects the output contact of relay, and No. 2 ports of controllable silicon connect heating tube; When single-chip microcomputer need be opened silicon controlled output, with control port 1,2 output high level, through the respective channel conducting of IC3, the input end of light lotus root IC4, IC5 is connected, the output terminal of light lotus root IC4, IC5 is connected the conducting of control controllable silicon, well heater P1, the P2 heating of switching on; When single-chip microcomputer need cut out silicon controlled output, with control port 1,2 output low levels, through the respective channel disconnection of IC3, the input end of light lotus root IC4, IC5 disconnects, the output terminal of light lotus root IC4, IC5 disconnects, and controllable silicon turn-offs at output voltage zero crossing place, and well heater P1, P2 stop heating.
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CNU2007203110329U CN201177768Y (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | Thermostatic control apparatus for electric water heater |
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