CN201125752Y - Piston type air pressure engine for automobile - Google Patents
Piston type air pressure engine for automobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201125752Y CN201125752Y CNU2007203118636U CN200720311863U CN201125752Y CN 201125752 Y CN201125752 Y CN 201125752Y CN U2007203118636 U CNU2007203118636 U CN U2007203118636U CN 200720311863 U CN200720311863 U CN 200720311863U CN 201125752 Y CN201125752 Y CN 201125752Y
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- intake
- camshaft
- valve
- cam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Abstract
The utility model discloses a vehicle piston type air pressure engine. At present, the engine in the vehicle mostly uses the fuel as the energy sources and generates the driver by fuel firing; but the exhaust gas is generated at the same time to pollute the environment, while the technical problems of fast charging are not solved at present by the electricity to drive the storage battery of the engine. In the utility model, inlet cams (9-1) of the camshaft (9) and exhaust cams (9-2) of the engine are corrected, thereby controlling the opening or closing time of the inlet valve and the exhaust valve, further controlling the entry and the discharge of the high pressure gas. The high pressure gas enters the cylinder from the inlet valve (5-1), pushes the piston to reciprocat, thereby rotating the crankshaft to generate the power output, which greatly reduces the manufacture cost.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of piston type air motor, particularly described motor mainly is assemblied on the vehicle, and drives with pressurized air.
Background technique
As everyone knows, energy shortage is a global problem, and the consumption of the energy is irreversible.And the traffic tool are main sources of energy consumption, and employed motor is the energy with the fuel oil nearly all on the traffic tool at present, produces power with oil inflame, but has also produced waste gas simultaneously, has polluted environment.In order to alleviate the impact that energy shortage brings, overcome the exhaust emission pollution environment that oil inflame produces, people attempt electricity consumption and come part to replace fuel oil, thereby replace fuel oil to drive engine running with electric energy and make vehicle operating, though this has solved vehicle problem of environment pollution caused in running, but electricity consumption drives the form that motor can only be used storage battery, and the present also technical problem of unresolved quick charge of storage battery, this technology barrier has limited to the application of electric engine at Motor Vehicle.
Therefore, seeking a kind of better energy substitution product, is the direction that present people make great efforts.In this respect, publication number is 2588070, and name is called the Chinese utility application of air motor, and disclosing a kind of is power with pressurized air, by the air motor of hydraulic pressure conversion acting,, this motor produces power thereby being converted into the hydraulic drive piston motion with air pressure.And publication number is 2348098 Chinese utility application, a kind of novel piston type air motor is disclosed, be provided with suction tude in its cylinder bottom, the two ends oral area is positioned with unidirectional spherical valve by spring in this suction tude, on the tube wall of suction tude, have the aperture that is communicated with pressurized container, be provided with the push rod that matches with suction tude in the bottom of cylinder inner carrier, on cylinder wall, have air leakage hole.It backs down sealant beads to cylinder charge by the motion of piston, thereby and makes piston motion produce power.And publication number is 1336486 Chinese invention patent, discloses a kind of air motor, and it is on the basis of existing vapour, diesel engine, with the cylinder top closure, and piston and cylinder is combined closely.Piston connects by bent axle, connecting rod and outer live motivation, flywheel, produces power thereby produce pressure difference by air pressure.Above-mentioned disclosed patent application all has certain meaning undoubtedly, yet also all exists certain deficiency, thereby the better air motor of research, and its meaning is self-evident.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of correct, piston type air motor of utilizing pressurized air to drive on the basis of original internal-combustion engine, to overcome the existing deficiency of existing internal-combustion engine, electric engine and air motor.
The purpose of this utility model is realized by following measure, a kind of piston type air pressure engine for vehicle, by cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder head and the cylinder head of device on cylinder block formed, the bent axle that returning apparatus piston and linked to each other with piston by connecting rod in cylinder block and crankcase, crankshaft-flywheel, cam drive and lubrication system, on cylinder head, install inner open type inlet valve, install the camshaft that makes intake valve and exhauxt valve opens or close in cylinder block or on the cylinder head, described camshaft refers to and makes the intake duration angle of IO Intake Valve Opens when motor is moved in the four-stroke mode is the 25-45 degree, exhaust duration is the 180-275 degree, the corner of the air inlet starting point of intake cam and the exhaust starting point of exhaust cam is the camshaft of 30-60 degree, or to make the intake duration angle of IO Intake Valve Opens when motor is moved in two stroke modes be the 30-60 degree, exhaust duration is the 60-200 degree, the corner of the air inlet starting point of intake cam and the exhaust starting point of exhaust cam is the camshaft of 40-90 degree, in cylinder head, returning apparatus the intake cam rocking arm that the effect by intake cam is opened inner open type inlet valve.
Take the utility model of above-mentioned measure, by the unlatching or the shut-in time of control inlet and outlet door, thus the entering and discharging of may command pressurized gas, and pressurized gas enter cylinder in intake valve, promote reciprocating motion of the pistons, thereby make crankshaft rotating and produce power output.The utility model has been removed oil gas system, ignition system, cooling system, injection system, the combustion system of internal-combustion engine from because only use compressed air-driven, and manufacture cost reduces greatly.The utility model is because only use compressed air-driven, the pressurized air that can use batch production to produce, only need to change the pressurized air storage tank and just can make the utility model continuous service, and owing to the technology of making pressurized air and liquid air reaches its maturity, technology barrier has not existed, make practical application of the present utility model become possibility, operating cost reduces greatly.The utility model does not have combustion process in running, also just the carbon monoxide after the burning discharge, thereby the utility model is a kind of " green " motor, and is very favourable to environmental protection.The utility model does not use fuel oil, is not subjected to fuel oil influence in short supply, and employed pressurized air is transformed by electric energy, and the source of electricity is more more extensive and easy than the source of fuel oil, is not subjected to the restriction of international petroleum product price.The utility model uses the compressed air-driven reciprocating motion of the pistons and produces power, air-flow is in the process of impact piston, by changing to low speed at a high speed, in the process of low speed conversion, absorb heat by high speed at this air-flow to the external world, thereby the heat that can cool off displacement voluntarily and produced, thereby can save the cooling system of motor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model embodiment's a structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the utility model embodiment cylinder head;
Fig. 3 is the assembling schematic representation of the utility model embodiment cylinder head intake cam rocking arm;
Fig. 4 is the axonometric drawing of the utility model embodiment intake valve assembly;
Fig. 5 is the utility model embodiment fundamental diagram;
Fig. 6 is the utility model embodiment camshaft plan view;
The A-A of Fig. 6 amplified cut-away view when Fig. 7 was the utility model two strokes;
The B-B of Fig. 6 amplified cut-away view when Fig. 8 was the utility model two strokes;
The corner schematic representation of intake cam and exhaust cam when Fig. 9 is the utility model two strokes;
Distribution figure when Figure 10 is the utility model two strokes;
The A-A of Fig. 6 amplified cut-away view when Figure 11 was the utility model four-stroke;
The B-B of Fig. 6 amplified cut-away view when Figure 12 was the utility model four-stroke;
The corner schematic representation of intake cam and exhaust cam when Figure 13 is the utility model four-stroke;
Distribution figure when Figure 14 is the utility model four-stroke.
Mode of execution
For describing the utility model in detail, the utility model is embodiment with the single-cylinder engine, but the utility model is not limited to single-cylinder engine, and multicylinder engine is also contained in the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, the utility model is made up of crankcase 1, cylinder block 2 and cylinder head 3, and is identical with existing conventional internal-combustion engine, and in crankcase 1 and cylinder block 2 inside, device has piston, connecting rod, bent axle, crankshaft-flywheel, cam drive, lubrication system.Shown in accompanying drawing 2,3, on the cylinder head 3 of the present utility model, install exhaust valve 4, intake valve assembly 5, suction chamber 6, intake cam rocking arm 7, rocker arm support 8, camshaft 9 and camshaft gear wheel 10.The cam drive of crankcase 1 the inside can rotate camshaft 9 by camshaft gear wheel 10, makes intake valve assembly 5 and exhaust valve 4 work by the intake cam 9-1 on the camshaft 9 and exhaust cam 9-2 roof pressure intake cam rocking arm 7 and exhaust cam rocking arm again.As shown in Figure 4, the utility model intake valve assembly 5 is made up of at the inlet-valve spring 5-2 on the intake valve 5-1, sealing component 5-3, rocker arm support 8 and the fastening piece 5-4 of device on intake valve 5-1 inner open type inlet valve 5-1, device.Inlet-valve spring 5-2 can make valve close, and intake valve sealing component 5-3 can prevent high pressure gas leakage, and fastening piece 5-4 can be fixing with valve assembly 5 and rocker arm support 8.As shown in Figure 5, working principle of the present utility model is: when intake valve 5-1 and exhaust valve 4 are closed, if traditional outward opening intake valve, high pressure air cognition in the suction chamber 6 is backed down outward opening intake valve and is leaked gas, and that the utility model employing is inner open type inlet valve 5-1, pressurized gas in the suction chamber 6 and inlet-valve spring 5-2 closely close suction port with intake valve 5-1 with joint efforts like this, when camshaft 9 turns to intake cam 9-1 when depressing intake cam rocking arm 7, intake cam rocking arm 7 upwards draws back intake valve 5-1, this moment, pressurized gas can enter in the cylinder, impact piston moves downward, and it is reciprocating under effect of inertia, thereby bent axle is rotated and outputting power, and when camshaft 9 was rotated further exhaust cam 9-2 jack-up exhaust rocker arm, exhaust rocker arm can be depressed exhaust valve 4, making exhaust valve 4 open gas discharges, finish an operation cycle, work so again and again, power is exported constantly.
The working method of motor has the branch of two strokes and four-stroke, what Fig. 6 provided is the plan view of camshaft 9, Fig. 7, Fig. 8 provides when being Fig. 6 two stroke working methods A-A and B-B cut-away view, by axially seeing of camshaft 9, the main composition of camshaft 9 is standard shaft 9-3 as can be known, intake cam 9-1 and exhaust cam 9-2, as shown in Figure 7, the air inlet starting point 9-11 of intake cam 9-1 makes ray between the air inlet stop 9-12 by the standard shaft 9-3 center of circle, connect air inlet starting point 9-11 and air inlet stop 9-12, but shape at an angle, this angle is referred to as intake duration angle 9-13, and the intake duration angle 9-13 of the utility model two stroke working methods is the 30-60 degree; As shown in Figure 8, the exhaust starting point 9-21 of exhaust cam 9-2 is to being that ray is made in the center of circle by standard shaft 9-3 between the exhaust stop 9-22, connect exhaust starting point 9-21 and exhaust stop 9-22, also but shape at an angle, this angle is referred to as exhaust duration 9-23, and the exhaust duration 9-23 of the utility model two stroke working methods is the 60-200 degree.As shown in Figure 9, from camshaft 9 axially, relevant position with the air inlet starting point 9-11 of intake cam 9-1 is a zero degree, when the exhaust starting point 9-21 that turns to exhaust cam 9-2 when camshaft 9 overlaps with the zero degree position, shape at an angle between the exhaust starting point 9-21 of the air inlet starting point 9-11 of intake cam 9-1 and exhaust cam 9-2, be called corner 9-4, the corner 9-4 of the utility model two stroke working methods is the 40-90 degree.Figure 11, Figure 12 provide when being Fig. 6 four-stroke working method A-A and B-B cut-away view, as mentioned above, when the utility model was the four-stroke working method, intake duration angle 9-13 was the 25-45 degree, exhaust duration 9-23 is the 180-275 degree.As shown in figure 13, the corner 9-4 of the utility model four-stroke working method is the 30-60 degree.Distribution figure when Figure 10 is the utility model two stroke working methods, in two-cycle engine, intake valve 5-1 and exhaust valve 4 each unlatching are once, twice of reciprocating motion of the pistons, bent axle, crankshaft-flywheel rotate a circle, and also drive camshaft 9 by driving mechanism and rotate a circle, therefore adjust the respective angles of crankshaft-flywheel, air inlet angle that just can actual adjustment intake cam 9-1 or the exhaust angle of exhaust cam 9-2.As shown in figure 10, what be positioned at that the longitudinal axis of coordinate top represents is the piston upper dead center, and what be positioned at that the longitudinal axis below the coordinate represents is the lower dead centre of piston, when piston surpasses the moment that upper dead center moves downward, from A point beginning air inlet, intake valve 5-1 opens, and exhaust valve 4 cuts out, be intake cam starting point 9-11 shown in Fig. 7 and 7 contacted moments of intake cam rocking arm this moment, pressurized gas enter the cylinder by intake valve 5-1 from suction chamber 6, the promotion piston moves downward, driving bent axle and crankshaft-flywheel rotates, and drive camshaft 9 rotates, to turn over an intake duration angle 9-13 be that 30-60 is when spending when bent axle drives crankshaft-flywheel and camshaft 9, finish in the air inlet of B point, be that intake valve 5-1 closes, the B point is exactly the intake cam stop 9-12 that reflects among Fig. 7 on camshaft 9, and exhaust valve 4 also cuts out, this moment, piston continued to move downward under the pressure of pressurized gas, when bent axle drives camshaft 9 and forwards 135-160 to and spend, begin in the exhaust of C point, exhaust valve 4 is opened, the C point is exactly the exhaust cam starting point 9-21 that reflects among Fig. 8 on camshaft 9, because after exhaust valve 4 is opened, pressurized gas can be discharged from exhaust valve 4, rely on inertia like this, piston is to after bottom dead center moving upward again, continuing to drive bent axle rotates, and exhaust duration 9-23 of drive camshaft 9 rotations is the 201-240 degree, when camshaft 9 forwards to when spending apart from upper dead center 24-180, finish in the exhaust of D point, exhaust valve 4 cuts out, the D point is exactly the exhaust cam stop 9-22 that reflects among Fig. 8 on camshaft 9, intake valve 5-1 and exhaust valve 4 are all closed, up to upper dead center, piston drives bent axle and has finished the motion that rotates a circle, and in the moment that surpasses upper dead center, repeats last motion again again, go round and begin again, continue acting.Figure 14 is the distribution figure of the utility model four-stroke working method, in four stroke engine, intake valve 5-1 and exhaust valve 4 each unlatching are once, reciprocating motion of the pistons four times, bent axle and crankshaft-flywheel rotate two circles, drive camshaft 9 and rotate a circle, thus from the corner that crankshaft-flywheel reflects be camshaft 9 corner twice promptly as shown in Figure 14 angle be the twice of camshaft 9 rotation angles.As shown in figure 14, what be positioned at that the longitudinal axis of coordinate top represents is the piston upper dead center, and what be positioned at that the longitudinal axis below the coordinate represents is the lower dead centre of piston, when piston surpasses the moment that upper dead center moves downward, begin in the air inlet of E point, intake valve 5-1 opens, and exhaust valve 4 cuts out, what the E point reflected on camshaft 9 is exactly the moment that the intake cam starting point 9-11 among Figure 11 contacts with intake cam rocking arm 7, pressurized gas enter the cylinder by intake valve 5-1 from suction chamber 6, the promotion piston moves downward, drive bent axle and crankshaft-flywheel and turn to 60-90 when spending, it only drives camshaft 9 and has rotated the 25-45 degree, that is to say that it is the 25-45 degree that camshaft 9 turns over an intake duration angle 9-13, at this moment, finish in the air inlet of F point, intake valve 5-1 closes, that the F point reflects on camshaft 9 is exactly intake cam stop 9-12 among Figure 11, and exhaust valve 4 also cuts out, this moment, piston continued to move downward under the pressure of pressurized gas, when crankshaft-flywheel rotation 135-160 spends, promptly drive camshaft 9 and rotate 67.5-80 when spending, begin in the exhaust of G point, exhaust valve 4 is opened, what the G point reflected on camshaft 9 is exactly the moment that exhaust cam starting point 9-21 contacts with exhaust rocker arm among Figure 12, because after exhaust valve 4 is opened, pressurized gas can be discharged from exhaust valve 4, rely on inertia like this, piston is to after bottom dead center moving upward again, this moment, exhaust valve 4 still was an opening state, there is not pressure in the cylinder, piston is raised to after top dead center to be continued to move downward, move upward again to lower dead centre, until finishing from the exhaust of the H of upper dead center 30-180 degree point, this moment, exhaust valve 4 cut out, that the H point reflects on camshaft 9 is exactly exhaust cam stop 9-22 among Figure 12, the angle that crankshaft-flywheel turns over is the 360-550 degree, and the exhaust duration 9-23 that drive camshaft 9 turns over is the 180-275 degree, intake valve 5-1 and exhaust valve 4 are all closed in the scope of distance upper dead center 30-180 degree, up to upper dead center, piston drives bent axle and has finished the motion of rotating for two weeks, in the moment that surpasses upper dead center, repeat last motion again again in the beginning of E point, go round and begin again, continue acting.
The utility model embodiment is described to be the up-set type camshaft, but the mode that in fact also has underneath camshaft, underneath camshaft is installed in the cylinder block 2, need push rod to connect cam and valve rocker, yet the exhaust duration of the intake duration angle of its intake cam of underneath camshaft and exhaust cam and corner are still in the present embodiment scope of disclosure.
The utility model embodiment is described to be single-cylinder engine, in multicylinder engine, in four-cylinder, the work done of each cylinder is 1-3-4-2 in proper order, the work done of six cylinder machines is 1-5-3-6-2-4 in proper order, in four-stroke four cylinder engine, the work done of two pistons of adjacent sequential angle at interval is 180 degree, in the four-stroke six cylinder engine, the work done of two pistons of adjacent sequential angle at interval is 120 degree, two pistons of the motor adjacent sequential of other varying number cylinder the work done angle can the rest may be inferred.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of piston type air pressure engine for vehicle, by cylinder block, crankcase, cylinder head and the cylinder head of device on cylinder block formed, the bent axle that returning apparatus piston and linked to each other with piston by connecting rod in cylinder block and crankcase, crankshaft-flywheel, cam drive and lubrication system, it is characterized in that on described cylinder head (3), installing inner open type inlet valve (5-1), install the camshaft (9) that makes intake valve (5-1) and exhaust valve (4) open or close in cylinder block (2) or on the cylinder head (3), it is the 25-45 degree that described camshaft (9) refers to the intake duration angle (9-13) that intake valve (5-1) is opened, exhaust duration (9-23) is the 180-275 degree, the air inlet starting point (9-11) of intake cam (9-1) is the camshaft (9) of 30-60 degree with the corner (9-4) of the exhaust starting point (9-21) of exhaust cam (9-2); Or the intake duration angle (9-13) that intake valve (5-1) is opened be that 30-60 degree, exhaust duration (9-23) are that the corner of the exhaust starting point (9-21) of the air inlet starting point (9-11) of 60-200 degree, intake cam (9-1) and exhaust cam (9-2) is the camshaft (9) of 40-90 degree.
2, piston type air motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that in cylinder head (3) lining, and returning apparatus the intake cam rocking arm (7) that the effect by intake cam (9-1) is opened inner open type inlet valve (5-1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007203118636U CN201125752Y (en) | 2007-12-16 | 2007-12-16 | Piston type air pressure engine for automobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007203118636U CN201125752Y (en) | 2007-12-16 | 2007-12-16 | Piston type air pressure engine for automobile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201125752Y true CN201125752Y (en) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=39999223
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007203118636U Expired - Fee Related CN201125752Y (en) | 2007-12-16 | 2007-12-16 | Piston type air pressure engine for automobile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201125752Y (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011000223A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-06 | 广州市鹏硕机电科技有限公司 | Piston type pneumatic engine |
| CN103206278A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-07-17 | 祥天控股（集团）有限公司 | Air distribution system of aerodynamic engines |
| CN104405446A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 苟仲武 | Internal combustion engine structure based high-pressure gas power system and method |
-
2007
- 2007-12-16 CN CNU2007203118636U patent/CN201125752Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011000223A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-06 | 广州市鹏硕机电科技有限公司 | Piston type pneumatic engine |
| CN103206278A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-07-17 | 祥天控股（集团）有限公司 | Air distribution system of aerodynamic engines |
| CN103206278B (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 祥天控股（集团）有限公司 | The air distribution system of air-powered motor |
| CN104405446A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 苟仲武 | Internal combustion engine structure based high-pressure gas power system and method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100545429C (en) | Dual six-stoke self-cooling internal combustion engine | |
| CN101737147B (en) | Opposed-piston engine | |
| CN100400863C (en) | Piston type air pressure engine for vehicle | |
| CN103620181A (en) | Split cycle phase variable reciprocating piston spark ignition engine | |
| CN1928333A (en) | Internal-combustion engine | |
| CN103089489A (en) | Internal combustion engine operable in homogeneous-charge compression mode | |
| CN2760254Y (en) | Internal combustion steam engine | |
| CN201125752Y (en) | Piston type air pressure engine for automobile | |
| CN101666267A (en) | Combustion engine | |
| CN2424304Y (en) | Novel two-stroke engine | |
| CN103174508A (en) | Fan-shaped piston type internal combustion engine | |
| CN2813916Y (en) | Piston type air pressure engine for vehicle use | |
| CN107420195B (en) | A kind of two stroke engine and method based on four-stroke engine structure | |
| CN108868943A (en) | Using two or the four stroke switching method of engine of the full changeable air valve of electromagnetism | |
| CN102852577B (en) | Four-stroke internal combustion engine including exhaust cam provided with two bulges | |
| CN201531309U (en) | Internal combustion engine | |
| CN101566095B (en) | Main and auxiliary cylinder type engine | |
| CN202250389U (en) | Straight-line or V-line six-cylinder six-stroke engine | |
| JPH0216324A (en) | Two cycle engine | |
| CN207598406U (en) | A kind of pneumatic activation system of automobile engine | |
| CN102619614B (en) | Novel pumping pressure four-stroke four-cylinder layering vortex combustion energy-saving gasoline engine | |
| Hanan et al. | Performance evaluation of a single cylinder compressed air engine: an experimental study | |
| CN202718753U (en) | Engine | |
| CN215761938U (en) | Combined engine | |
| CN2473341Y (en) | Gasoline and diesel two purpose double action four stroke IC engine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: GUANGZHOU CITY PENGSHUO ELECTROMECHANICAL TECHNOLO Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CAI DAODE Effective date: 20090814 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20090814 Address after: Room 62, No. 403, rhyme Road, Tianhe District, Guangdong, Guangzhou Province, China: 510665 Patentee after: Guangzhou Pengshuo Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yi Ma Zhen ban Po Cun, Beihai City zip code: 536000 Patentee before: Cai Daode |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20081001 Termination date: 20161216 |