CN201042733Y - Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel - Google Patents
Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201042733Y CN201042733Y CNU2007200498332U CN200720049833U CN201042733Y CN 201042733 Y CN201042733 Y CN 201042733Y CN U2007200498332 U CNU2007200498332 U CN U2007200498332U CN 200720049833 U CN200720049833 U CN 200720049833U CN 201042733 Y CN201042733 Y CN 201042733Y
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil cylinder
- die
- gas
- side form
- wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides an aluminum wheel gas-pressure casting process (AWGP) device, which comprises a frame, a top die oil cylinder, side die oil cylinders, and a plugging oil cylinder. The four side die oil cylinders are arranged horizontally and symmetrically on the frame. Each side die oil cylinder is connected with a side die. Lower dies are equipped on the frame between the four side die oil cylinders. Upper dies are equipped correspondingly at the upside of the side dies and lower dies. The plugging oil cylinder and the top die oil cylinder are respectively arranged on the top and at the bottom of the frame. The top die oil cylinder is connected with an upper template of the upper die. The plugging oil cylinder is positioned above the upper template. A receiving tray is equipped between the plugging oil cylinder and the upper template. The upper die is also provided with a compression chamber which is externally connected with a gas pressurization system. The side die, upper die and lower die are independently connected with a cooling system. With the utility model, the produced aluminum alloy wheel cast has high density, size accuracy and smoothness, good mechanical property, simple and practical fabrication, and low investment and cost. The utility model has good application value and market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to automobile aluminium wheel foundry engieering, specifically is meant aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting (A1uminium Whee1 Gas-Pressure Casting Process is called for short AWGP) device.
Background technology
At present, the demand of aluminum alloy wheel of vehicle is increasing, and output is more and more higher, and production technology is gradually improved, wheel is made manufacturing process sheet material forming, forging and cast form, and wherein cast moulding method is with the most use, accounts for 95%, its cost is low, and is applied widely, has competitiveness most.Founding materials generally uses the A356 aluminium alloy.
At present, the main technique method of production aluminum alloy wheel of vehicle has metal mold gravity casting, low pressure casting, methods such as counter-pressure casting and extrusion casint.
During the metal gravity cast, aluminium liquid relies on gravity flow filling casting mold, so be called gravitational casting, in order to obtain dense foundry goods, often will adopt rising head to come feeding when aluminium liquid is full of the casting mold crystallization and freezing.Although like this, the density of common metal type foundry goods is not as low pressure casting, and defective belongs to microporosity more.The recovery rate of iron of metal mold gravity casting has only (40%), and the utilization rate of metal is lower, and mechanical property is general.The general casting mold expense of metal mold of thinking has only 1/3 of low die-casting die expense at present.Metal mold technology, yield rate height (90～94%), cost is low.Metal mold gravity casting has two kinds of pouring type center cast and limit to water mode.For center cast, impact greatlyyer during aluminum liquid filling type, secondary oxidation is mingled with easily; Cast gate is opened the mounting disc position at wheel, causes mounting disc to solidify slowly, and crystallization crystal grain is thick, and the mechanical property of material is low.And for watering on the limit, the aluminium liquid that running gate system consumes is many; Mold temperature field distribution inequality does not meet the consecutive solidification condition; Loose waste product appears in cast gate position easily; The rim for automobile wheel defective that leaks air easily.
The process characteristic of low pressure casting is crystallization under pressure, dense structure, and it is good that the mechanical property force of gravity is cast; Without rising head, cast gate is also very little, so utilization rate height of metal, but low pressure casting must be strict grasp pressurization standard, control the temperature field of consecutive solidification well, high to the operator competency profiling, and the combined influence factor is many, critical technological point is many, wayward and operation, so the product percent defective is higher.
Counter-pressure casting claims " back-pressure casting " again, is that liquid metals is filled under the effect of pressure reduction in the casting mold that certain pressure is arranged in advance, carries out crystallization, solidifies and obtains a kind of process of foundry goods.But concerning producing automotive wheel: the operating maintenance more complicated of equipment, each operation all must guarantee simplified sealing up and down, consumes a large amount of compressed air; The technology more complicated is difficult to carry out accurately, and the combined situation of mould was cannot see in cast in the past, runs away during cast, and operator does not usually know that higher because of pressure ratio, runout ends incessantly, and consequence is very serious.When the casting mold in the cylindrical shell cools off, leak out and leak, operator is not known yet; The cavity filling process of differential pressure as low pressure casting, is to enter at last lower shell to produce a pressure curve that fills type under the situation of high pressure, realize stability and repeatability, and difficulty is bigger, and the competency profiling of operator is than higher.Though the aluminum vehicle wheel mass ratio of counter-pressure casting explained hereafter is better, be difficult to grasp counter-pressure casting technology, therefore many factories do not adopt this casting method.
Extrusion casint also claims " liquid forging ", is the liquid metal that enters in the extruding casting mold die cavity is applied higher mechanical pressure, makes its shaping and solidifies, thereby obtain a kind of process of foundry goods.But use Extrution casting technique can't produce complicated foundry goods at present.
In sum, gravity die casting process is fairly simple, and cost is lower, and strength character is slightly inferior.And the wheel that other various processes are made all increases on strength character, but all has certain limitation.But common place is arranged, and is exactly to adopt pressure during the course, allows metal crystallization under pressure, and this is the most practical approach of current raising wheel mass.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming and defect part of above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting (AWGP) device, and its apparatus and process is simple and practical, and the small investment cost is low, its casting compactness height, dimensional accuracy height, fineness are relatively good, good mechanical property.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions: this aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting (AWGP) device, comprise support, backform oil cylinder, side form oil cylinder, shutoff oil cylinder, four described side form oil cylinder horizontal symmetrical are arranged on the support, each side form oil cylinder is connected with side form respectively, the corresponding counterdie that is provided with on the support between four side forms, the upside of side form, counterdie is correspondingly provided with patrix; Described shutoff oil cylinder, backform oil cylinder are separately positioned on the upper and lower of support, and described backform oil cylinder is connected with the cope match-plate pattern of patrix, and the shutoff oil cylinder is positioned at the top of cope match-plate pattern, also are provided with fitting pallet, manipulator between shutoff oil cylinder and the cope match-plate pattern; Described patrix is provided with the compression chamber, and the compression chamber is circumscribed with gas pressurization system; Described side form, upper die and lower die are connected with cooling system respectively.
Described compression chamber moulding pressure is 0～20kg/cm
2, the source of the gas of described gas pressurization system is a compressed air, also can adopt bottled high pressure argon gas, nitrogen, but it is convenient, stable to be not so good as compressed air.
The cooling medium of described cooling system comprises water, wind, gas, being set to of described cooling system: go up wheel rim and wheel rim position and be provided with aqueous vapor annular cooling tube; Wheel rim and spoke thermal center position are provided with the annular cooling tube of water spray; Wheel disc and rising head position are provided with branch water awl.
The utility model has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
(1) crystallization and freezing under pressure, molten metal has increased Gas Solubility, has also suppressed separating out of gas, foundry goods dense structure, shrinkage porosite and pin hole are few, and the fineness after the processing is good, the dimensional accuracy height;
(2) helping heat conduction (250 ℃～350 ℃ of metal mold temperature) makes metal produce the compact grained structure; The mechanical performance of alloy improves and common metal type foundry goods compares, and mechanical performance improves 20～30%, and some alloy can alleviate wheel weight near the standard of forging, saves metal;
(3) no matter be argon gas, air when pressurization, can not enter in the foundry goods, the method for pressurization is simply effective, wider range, according to the requirement of wheel, the pressurization scope can be 1～20kg/cm
2, the structure of mould is wanted relative reinforcement;
(4) and the low pressure casting ratio, its technology susceptibility is poor.The highstrung casting quality that affects of the pressurization standard of low pressure casting, pressurization standard of the present utility model almost immobilizes, and who can both operate.Holding furnace that need not be special-purpose, the plant-scale equipment can adopt high-caliber automatic and mechanical, used crowded casting machine novelty, practicality, similar with the metal mold casting machine, but structure will be strengthened.
(5) apparatus and process is simple and practical, and the small investment cost is low, and technological preparation is identical with metal mold technology with technical process, just many shutoff pressurization operations, and whole technical process is simple, easily operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device;
Fig. 2 is the gas pressurization system conspectus of the utility model aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device;
Fig. 3 is the cooling system structure schematic diagram of the utility model aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of the utility model aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device;
Fig. 5 is the pressuring curve figure of the utility model aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with examples of implementation and accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present utility model is not limited thereto.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, this aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device, comprise support 1, backform oil cylinder 2, side form oil cylinder 3, shutoff oil cylinder 4, four described side form oil cylinder 3 horizontal symmetrical are arranged on the support 1, each side form oil cylinder 3 is connected with side form 5 respectively, the corresponding counterdie 6 that is provided with on the support 1 between four side forms 5, the upside of side form 5, counterdie 6 is correspondingly provided with patrix 7; Described shutoff oil cylinder 4, backform oil cylinder 2 are separately positioned on the upper and lower of support 1, described backform oil cylinder 2 is connected with the cope match-plate pattern 7-1 of patrix 7, and shutoff oil cylinder 4 is positioned at the top of cope match-plate pattern 7-1, also is provided with fitting pallet 8, manipulator 21 between shutoff oil cylinder 4 and the cope match-plate pattern 7-1; Described patrix 7 is provided with the compression chamber, and the compression chamber is circumscribed with gas pressurization system; Described side form 5, patrix 7, counterdie 6 are connected with cooling system respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, the important technological parameters of this device is as follows
(1) overall size:
Length * wide * height=2341 * 1176 * 4815mm
Four column spacing=1431 * 586mm
Side cylinder stroke: Max=780mm, Min=480mm
Cope match-plate pattern main-cylinder stroke: 1100mm
(2) major parameter of each oil cylinder:
1, shutoff oil cylinder: thrust 125600N
Side form oil cylinder: thrust 321700N
Backform oil cylinder: thrust 341946N
Cylinder is subjected to pulling force 350600N in the bottom
2, backform folding height:
Bolster spacing H=1680mm
Backform oil cylinder stroke 1100mm
3, side form oil cylinder stroke:
The side form backboard is to the center: minimum dimension: 13～15 " 320
Full-size: 28 " 425
Described gas pressurization system circuit as shown in Figure 2, by three linked piece 9, pressure-reducing valve 4,5, magnetic valve 12,13,14, the time relay 15,16, two-position three way high- pressure ball valve 17,18, compression chamber's 19 grades composition that is connected: described compression chamber 19 is 1000cm
3, moulding pressure is 0～20kg/cm
2, the source of the gas of described gas pressurization system is general compressed air.
The cooling medium of described cooling system comprises water, wind, gas, as shown in Figure 3, described cooling system be set to: go up wheel rim and wheel rim position and be provided with aqueous vapor annular cooling tube 20,21; Wheel rim, spoke thermal center position are provided with the annular cooling tube 22,23 of water spray; Wheel disc and rising head position are provided with branch water awl 24.
As shown in Figure 4, this aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device carries out the aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting according to the following steps:
(1) preparation comprises:
1, prepare aluminium liquid, the aluminium liquid in holding furnace removes the gred through degasification, and static, temperature remains on 700～710 ℃, surveys the hydrogen degree more than 2.6; Heat (batch) number, chemical analysis, degree of metamorphism on the note, and prepare carbon trichloride (furnace charge total amount 0.3%);
2, casting ladle and cup have sprayed coating, and are incubated 250～300 ℃ in holding furnace;
The speed of service and the normal thrust of 3, the pressurization program of setting gas pressurization system, and backform oil cylinder 2, shutoff oil cylinder 4, side form oil cylinder 5;
As shown in Figure 2,1. hand rotation two-position three way high-pressure ball valve 17 is connected 5kg/cm
2Source of the gas cuts off 20kg/cm
2Path.
2. 5kg/cm is arrived in the pressure-reducing valve pressure regulation of three linked piece 9
2The pressure of pressure-reducing valve 10 is transferred to 0.5kg/cm
2, the pressure of pressure-reducing valve 11 is transferred to 2kg/cm
2
3. mixing up the time relay 15 is 2 seconds, and mixing up the time relay 16 is 3 seconds.
4, prepare mould, wherein, coating is aqua aquadag or aqua whiting, and can adopt model is T800, rising head spray thermal insulation coatings 34# thickness 0.1～0.2mm, and the rising head temperature will keep 380～400 ℃ before the cast;
5, will spray the mould assembling of coating, and advance the stove heating, and come out of the stove in 4～6 hours to 380～400 ℃ of insulations, last machine assembles mould;
(2) start mould assembly; Step comprises:
1, with compressed air upper and lower mould 7,6 and side form 5, rising head are blown clean;
2, close side form 5 earlier, after the mould 7 that closes, the slit during mould assembly between described each side form 5 is 0～0.5mm, checks whether the rising head flange clean;
3, check whether air inlet is blocked.
(3) moulding by casting comprises:
1, cup is put into the rising head (cup is with screen pack) of mould, poured into quantitative aluminium liquid, treat that aluminium liquid has flowed from cup, take out cup by manipulator 21 usefulness casting ladles;
2, starting shutoff oil cylinder 4 descending fast (first fastrunning was gone slowly after 3 seconds 2 seconds) are carried out shutoff to rising head; After 5～8 seconds, start gas pressurization system pressurization, pressurize;
As shown in Figure 2, pressurization program is:
Action beginning: by next electric switch, open magnetic valve 12, will open the time relay 15,16 simultaneously.
1. allow 0.5kg/cm
2The gas of pressure enters compression chamber 19 by two-position three way high-pressure ball valve 17.
2. the time relay 15 is opened magnetic valve 13 after 2 seconds, feeds 2kg/cm
2Gas.The time relay 10 is opened magnetic valve 14 after 3 seconds, allows 5kg/cm
2The gas of pressure enters compression chamber 19.
More than be the basic process of pressurization, pressuring method will be provided with according to the characteristics of foundry goods.
As shown in Figure 5, moulding pressure step curve is 0～2～5～20kg/cm
2, all be 0～9 second pressing time; Crystallization pressure is 20kg/cm
2, dwell pressure is 20kg/cm
2, 20kg/cm
2The following dwell time of pressure is 3～4 seconds.The pressurization standard can have various ways.
3, the principle that upper and lower mould 7,6 is solidified is in order cooled off: elder generation is by blowing or add water smoke cooling upper mold core wheel rim partly, and lower mold core begins the cooling of spraying water after 15 seconds, sprays water to stop water spray in 20 seconds later on; Described wheel cooling is to adopt the tank cooling; The feeding direction of described wheel cooling is by spoke wheel rim feeding up and down from middle dead head.
4, stop cooling simultaneously, gas pressurization system stops pressurization and restores, and prepares next cast circulation;
5, the foundry goods that has formed wheel continues cooling 30 seconds～1 minute in casting mold;
(4) open form; Split side form 5, start patrix 7 then, after the permission height, rotate fitting pallet 8, after putting in place, cope match-plate pattern 7-1 is being with upper mold core to continue to rise, and wheel is ejected, and produces fitting pallet 8, wheel is taken out cool off;
(5) cleaning wheel overlap, and do the wheel mass evaluation, comprise surface quality, casting mold precision, pressurization situation, and adjust the technological parameter of next round operation in view of the above.
(6) whether the X-ray examination wheel has defectives such as shrinkage porosite, pore, slag inclusion.
As mentioned above, just can realize the utility model preferably.
Claims (3)
1. aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device, it is characterized in that: comprise support, backform oil cylinder, side form oil cylinder, shutoff oil cylinder, four described side form oil cylinder horizontal symmetrical are arranged on the support, each side form oil cylinder is connected with side form respectively, the corresponding counterdie that is provided with on the support between four side forms, the upside of side form, counterdie is correspondingly provided with patrix; Described shutoff oil cylinder, backform oil cylinder are separately positioned on the upper and lower of support, and described backform oil cylinder is connected with the cope match-plate pattern of patrix, and the shutoff oil cylinder is positioned at the top of cope match-plate pattern, also are provided with fitting pallet, manipulator between shutoff oil cylinder and the cope match-plate pattern; Described patrix is provided with the compression chamber, and the compression chamber is circumscribed with gas pressurization system; Described side form, upper die and lower die are connected with cooling system respectively.
2. according to the described aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described compression chamber moulding pressure is 0～20kg/cm
2, the source of the gas of described gas pressurization system is a compressed air.
3. according to the described aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cooling medium of described cooling system comprises water, wind, gas, being set to of described cooling system: go up wheel rim and wheel rim position and be provided with aqueous vapor annular cooling tube; Wheel rim, spoke thermal center position are provided with the annular cooling tube of water spray; Wheel disc and rising head position are provided with branch water awl.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007200498332U CN201042733Y (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2007-03-30 | Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007200498332U CN201042733Y (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2007-03-30 | Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN201042733Y true CN201042733Y (en) | 2008-04-02 |
Family
ID=39257620
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNU2007200498332U Expired - Lifetime CN201042733Y (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2007-03-30 | Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN201042733Y (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103084559A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-08 | 天津那诺机械制造有限公司 | Forging method and forging device of twice forcing molten soup forging wheel |
| CN103658597A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-26 | 秦皇岛戴卡兴龙轮毂有限公司 | Aluminium alloy wheel gravity pressing casting method and device |
| CN106031946A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 诺德科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process for aluminum alloy bus wheel hub by gravity compression casting |
| WO2017037592A1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-09 | Alfi S.R.L. | System for cooling molds for metals or for metal alloys, and molding set comprising said cooling system and at least one mold |
| CN108356237A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-03 | 广东万丰摩轮有限公司 | One mould two-chamber wheel hub Casting Equipment |
| CN114850408A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-05 | 江苏苏美达铝业有限公司 | Hub gravity casting quarto pressurization mould |
-
2007
- 2007-03-30 CN CNU2007200498332U patent/CN201042733Y/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103658597A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-03-26 | 秦皇岛戴卡兴龙轮毂有限公司 | Aluminium alloy wheel gravity pressing casting method and device |
| CN103084559A (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2013-05-08 | 天津那诺机械制造有限公司 | Forging method and forging device of twice forcing molten soup forging wheel |
| CN106031946A (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-10-19 | 诺德科技股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process for aluminum alloy bus wheel hub by gravity compression casting |
| WO2017037592A1 (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-09 | Alfi S.R.L. | System for cooling molds for metals or for metal alloys, and molding set comprising said cooling system and at least one mold |
| CN108136492A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-06-08 | Alfi有限公司 | The cooling system of metal or alloy mould therefor and the molded assembly including the cooling system and at least one mold |
| US10471499B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-11-12 | Alfi S.R.L. | Systems for cooling molds for metals or for metal alloys, and molding set comprising said cooling system and at least one mold |
| CN108136492B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2020-06-23 | Alfi有限公司 | Cooling system for a mould for metals or alloys and moulding assembly comprising such a cooling system and at least one mould |
| CN108356237A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-03 | 广东万丰摩轮有限公司 | One mould two-chamber wheel hub Casting Equipment |
| CN114850408A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-05 | 江苏苏美达铝业有限公司 | Hub gravity casting quarto pressurization mould |
| CN114850408B (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏苏美达铝业有限公司 | Four-opening pressurizing die for gravity casting of hub |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100519002C (en) | Aluminum-alloy wheel gas pressure casting apparatus and casting method thereof | |
| JP6336519B2 (en) | Compound press casting method of a kind of magnesium alloy deformed parts | |
| CN201042733Y (en) | Gas pressure casting device for aluminum alloy wheel | |
| CN104550876B (en) | A kind of automotive hub supercharging Casting Equipment and casting method | |
| CN101829774B (en) | Casting method of aluminum alloy wheel rim | |
| CN108543914B (en) | High-pressure hub casting mold and casting method thereof | |
| CN202984579U (en) | Cylinder cover casting die | |
| CN201419238Y (en) | Gravity-leaning rotary casting formation device | |
| CN104190899A (en) | Low-pressure casting mold of melt spinning wheel and process thereof | |
| CN205183744U (en) | Aluminum alloy low pressure casting device under steady magnetic field | |
| CN110976814B (en) | Semi-continuous antigravity pouring method for aluminum alloy automobile frame | |
| CN204353455U (en) | A kind of high density supercharging Casting Equipment | |
| CN105821263A (en) | Aluminum alloy automobile steering gear case and superspeed casting preparing method thereof | |
| CN103056336A (en) | S-shaped spoke plate track wheel blank cast and casting method thereof | |
| CN115007839A (en) | Semi-solid rheoforming low-pressure casting method | |
| CN105935761B (en) | A kind of Low Pressure Die Casting of Aluminum Wheel Hub bed die | |
| CN106180579A (en) | A kind of casting mold method for rapid cooling | |
| CN103878310B (en) | A kind of cylinder head casting die and casting method | |
| CN101966574A (en) | Low-pressure casting equipment for aluminum alloy circle patterns of tire mold and low-pressure casting and gravity feeding process | |
| CN103182480B (en) | Gravity casting process for engine cylinder cover | |
| CN202527690U (en) | Solidification system for manufacturing magnesium alloy casting ingot | |
| CN100548536C (en) | The regression formula pouring procedure of casting train wheel | |
| CN202097393U (en) | Oxygen-free piston casting device | |
| CN102350485A (en) | Device and process for repairing shrinkage holes during steel billet casting through intermediate-frequency electric heating | |
| CN203155993U (en) | Exhaust type aluminum die-casting die |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Effective date of abandoning: 20070330 |
|
| C25 | Abandonment of patent right or utility model to avoid double patenting |