(2) background technology
Because energy scarcity, oil price is constantly soaring, pure fuel engines drive oil consumption big, pollute and become focus greatly, reason and its engine inconvenience are adjusted working point, efficient and are hanged down relevantly, each state has all accelerated the research of electric motor car.
Years of researches find that there are a lot of problems in pure electric vehicle, mainly are the requirements that present accumulator property can not satisfy powered vehicle.The energy product of storage battery is compared than with gasoline and is differed greatly, and weight is that one ton the energy that storage battery had that is full of electricity is big no more than the energy of 30 kilograms of gasoline outputs of engine combustion, so the flying power of pure electric vehicle is all very limited.Be that the charging interval is long in addition, conversion efficiency is low, and 100 joules electric flux charges into storage battery, and the electric flux that storage battery can be released is less than 40 joules.Though the quick charge time spent is short, battery efficiency reduces more.Particularly the number of times that charges repeatedly of storage battery is limited, and service time is long more, and its capacity is low more, has generally scrapped soon, and a large amount of old and useless batterys will cause environmental pollution again.
Studies show that at present oil and electricity hybrid vehicle is the feasible energy-conservation car of comparison reality, therefore the emphasis of research is transferred to oil and electricity hybrid vehicle.This car has been equipped with fuel engines and storage battery, also has generator and motor simultaneously.Design principle is the working point that participates in regulating engine by engine, electric generator/electric motor, storage battery, the rotating speed and the moment of torsion of engine are mated on its optimum efficiency curve, obtain bigger kinetic energy with realization consumption equivalent fuel oil thereby make fuel engines intermittence or continue efficient operation.Usual way is the needs according to traveling state of vehicle, the mechanical kinetic energy part of the generation of fuel engines is exported to driving shaft, made it to obtain certain torque and rotating speed, remaining kinetic energy then is used to drive generator for electricity generation and is stored in storage battery, when specific location or accumulator electric-quantity were saturated, storage battery drove the motor driven vehicle '.Also can make the fuel engines intermittent duty in the high efficiency state, its kinetic energy transfers electric energy to by generator and is directly passed to motor or is stored in storage battery, the motor driven automobilism.Like this, the operational efficiency of fuel engines increases.
The dynamic structure scheme of existing oil and electricity hybrid vehicle has tandem, parallel and series and parallel combined.Though realized in various degree energy-conservation, all there is certain limitation in the available dynamic structure, directly influence car load manufacturing cost and energy-saving effect.The dynamic structure of present oil and electricity hybrid vehicle is difficult to satisfy the requirement that further improves performance and practicality.The characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous servo motor are that efficient height, volume are little, the efficient of motor under 100% load factor about 20KW can reach 93%, efficient under 20% load factor reaches 81%, and can switch to generating or electronic different operating state by four-quadrant drive control, if it is made up, transforms, with the engine fit applications in oil and electricity hybrid vehicle, might reach and both be convenient to adjust engine working point, improve transmission efficiency, be convenient to simplified structure again and reduce weight, realize further purpose of energy saving.
(3) utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is a kind of brand-new servo-system of nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor of design, this motor is based on the permagnetic synchronous motor operation principle, but have two rotors, two axles, two cover winding and two magnetic circuits, two separated motor power that constitute can close and can divide, and can work in motor or engine condition respectively under servo system control.Cooperate with fuel engines, realize adjusting the fuel engines working point and improve its efficient, change the purpose that the energy delivery mode promotes transmission efficiency, simplification oil electric mixed dynamic structure, improves dynamic property.
The servo-system of nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor of the utility model design comprises stator, external rotor and internal rotor, and stator is an armature winding, is in outermost layer, is fixed in casing; External rotor is in the stator, is embedded with the ectonexine permanent magnetism magnetic pole on it, and the outer magnetic pole of external rotor provides magnetic field for stator, and external rotor and stator constitute outer motor.Internal rotor is an armature, is positioned at external rotor, and external rotor internal layer magnetic pole provides magnetic field for internal rotor, motor in external rotor and internal rotor constitute.Outer rotor shaft is this motor output shaft, and inner rotor shaft is this motor power power shaft.
Output gear is installed on the output shaft, and output gear is connected with external loading.
Power shaft is connected with engine shaft, and promptly engine shaft is the native system power shaft.
The servo-system of nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor of the utility model design also comprises two servo-drivers, two speed/positional transducers, A, B speed/positional transducer are installed on respectively on the axle of inner rotor shaft and external rotor, A speed/positional transducer connects the A servo-driver respectively, and B speed/positional transducer is connected to A, B servo-driver.The A servo-driver is connected with winding on the internal rotor by slip ring, and the B servo-driver directly connects the stator coil winding.The A servo-driver is connected by common DC bus with the B servo-driver.Control unit connects A, B servo-driver, A, B speed/positional transducer access control unit.The control unit main body is a computer.Common DC bus also connects energy-storage units and power unit, comprises electric capacity, storage battery and control thereof and protection circuit in the energy-storage units, and power unit is other electrical appliances such as air-conditioning.
The control operation method of the nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor motor servo system of the utility model design is as follows:
The axle of the internal rotor of native system and engine rotates synchronously, the A servo-driver obtains the relative position of inner and outer rotors by the position signalling of A, B speed/positional transducer, the torque setting value that the A servo-driver provides by control unit and the relative position signal of inner and outer rotors load corresponding current phasor to the winding of internal rotor, and internally motor carries out the moment of torsion SERVO CONTROL.The torque setting value that the B servo-driver provides by control unit and the position signalling of external rotor load corresponding current phasor to the winding of stator, and externally motor carries out the moment of torsion SERVO CONTROL.But inside and outside motor is four quadrant running all, works in generator or electric motor state under servo-driver control separately.
Under the situation of outer operation, internal rotor rotates under the mechanical kinetic energy of connected outer drives, and the internal motor of A servo-driver carries out the moment of torsion SERVO CONTROL, makes internal rotor apply load torque to engine.The torque setting of motor in adjusting can make the moment of torsion of engine and rotating speed mate by engine optimum efficiency curve data, adjusts engine working point, reaches energy-conservation purpose.External rotor is subjected to the reaction force of internal rotor simultaneously, and this reaction force is delivered to external loading, directly externally acting by output gear, and the power of this output is for seeing through power.This moment is along the rotation direction of engine, if the external rotor velocity of rotation is lower than the rotating speed of internal rotor, then in motor be in the operation of generator state, the electric energy that it sends is transported to energy-storage units or power unit on the common DC bus by the A servo-driver; If the external rotor velocity of rotation is higher than the rotating speed of internal rotor, then interior motor is in the electric motor state operation, the electric energy that it is taken from common DC bus is converted to the kinetic energy of external rotor by A servo-driver and interior motor, sees through the energy that comes with engine and delivers to output shaft.Meanwhile, if the torque setting direction that the B servo-driver obtains is identical with the external rotor direction of rotation, then the B servo-driver absorbs electric energy by common DC bus, drives outer motor and works in electric motor state, and the kinetic energy that external rotor rotates also does work to external loading by output gear; If the torque setting direction that the B servo-driver obtains is opposite with the external rotor direction of rotation, then the outer motor of B servo-driver control is in the operation of generator state, change the mechanical energy on the axle into electric energy and send into common DC bus, outer motor carries out the electric braking feedback electric energy to load.
This nesting permanent magnetic motor press that power sees through, the new type power transmission method of electrification energy storage, electricity consumption acting, feedback braking electric energy moves under the control of its servo drive.When A servo-driver control external rotor when internal rotor applies moment with the engine shaft direction of rotation, because the principle of active force and reaction force, internal rotor also simultaneously applies equal and opposite in direction, moment that direction is opposite to external rotor, and promptly the electromagnetic torque direction that this moment, external rotor was subjected to simultaneously is identical with the internal rotor direction of rotation.This moment, external rotor drove the load rotation, it is the external output mechanical power of external rotor, this power be the kinetic energy that obtains from engine in this servo system control running, through internal rotor, again through the electromagnetic coupled of its inner and outer rotors, directly penetrate into the mechanical output of load, so be called through power.The power that sees through of electromagnetic coupled is sent to final load without any decay, 100% ground.The power that motor was used for generating electricity in the difference of the mechanical output of mechanical output that internal rotor obtains and external rotor output was.Motor outputed to the electrical power of common DC bus in the comprehensive electric generating efficient of motor and A servo-driver was in this part power multiply by.
Nested type motor servo system of the present utility model can be sent to load-side without decay 100% with portion of energy, thereby total efficient is far above traditional generating-energy storage-electricity consumption type of drive.
When outer shut down, the B servo-driver can absorb electric energy by common DC bus, and outer motor is moved by electric motor mode, and external loading is done work; It is zero that the A servo-driver makes the current phasor size of internal rotor winding, and electromagnetic force is zero between internal rotor and the external rotor, and internal rotor is static, and external rotor rotates.
When outer begins to start, need external force to assist by stopping to enter operating condition, inside and outside motor can absorb electric energy by common DC bus through its servo-driver, press the electric motor mode operation, the torque equal direction that inside and outside motor is applied to external rotor is opposite, so output shaft is static, and external rotor makes the outer rotation that is connected with internal rotor to the action torque of internal rotor.
Control unit can apply reverse torque setting to the B servo-driver, the generator state that the outer motor of B servo-driver control works in forward rotation, oppositely exerts oneself, the kinetic energy that load is sent into through external rotor is converted into electric energy and is sent to common DC bus, and external rotor makes the load braking to the reactive torque of output shaft.In the above-mentioned braking procedure, interior motor has two kinds of operating states: motor applies the limited suitable load torque that drags to engine in the control of first A servo-driver, promptly the moment of torsion that is applied is identical with the engine rotation direction, but its strength can not make engine misses, what this moment, external rotor was external is the moment of torsion of braking direction through moment of torsion, can assist the electric braking of outer motor to a certain extent, and feeding braking energy back is to common DC bus; It two is zero for the A servo-driver makes the current phasor size of internal rotor winding, and electromagnetic force is zero between internal rotor and external rotor, during the external loading braking only the B motor carry out electric braking by the generator mode operation.
According to the operation conditions of whole servo drive system, any one motor of this nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor can be realized independently four quadrant running under the control of its servo-driver.
The advantage of nesting permanent magnetic synchronous motor motor servo system of the present utility model is:
1, is not subjected to outer load effect, can loads, be convenient to adjust the fuel engines working point and make it use the bigger kinetic energy of equivalent fuel oil output by the independent axle of servo-driver to fuel engines; With respect to the dynamic structure of pure fuel oil type, the utility model can independently be adjusted the fuel engines working point, and the efficient that the chemical energy of raising fuel oil converts kinetic energy to reaches 20~60%; 2, the kinetic energy part of engine is directly transmitted with mechanical energy, and another part transfers electrical energy transfer to; With respect to the pure mechanical energy transferring structure of engine, the utility model because of can adjust the fuel engines working point, to make fuel oil energy transfer the efficient of kinetic energy to higher; Kinetic energy with respect to engine is converted to the structure of transmitting behind the pure electric energy, and because of a part of kinetic energy is directly delivered to load-side to see through power 100%, the average efficiency that the kinetic energy of engine transfers outer load machinery energy to improves more than 5%; 3, servo-driver is regulated the inner and outer rotors interaction moment of torsion be connected with engine, makes both can not have active force mutually or with a certain moment of torsion joint; 4, fuel engines, three power sources of inside and outside motor are coupled with means of electromagnetic forces, realize the stack of contactless power or moment of torsion, and combination is flexible, control is convenient, do not have in conjunction with noise and wearing and tearing; 5, inside and outside motor all can be realized four-quadrant operation under servo-driver control, is convenient to the combination of each power; But 6, inside and outside motor four-quadrant operation is convenient to realize reclaiming Brake Energy, is convenient to assisted engine and exerts oneself; 7, this motor servo system is suitable for oil and electricity hybrid vehicle, with respect to tandem, parallel, hybrid-type dynamic structure, simplified the structure of oil and electricity hybrid vehicle greatly, further improve the utilization ratio of car load fuel oil energy, energy-saving effect is obvious, and cost descends obviously.