CN200973090Y - Optimization antenna mapping multi-input multi-output radio transmit/receive unit - Google Patents

Optimization antenna mapping multi-input multi-output radio transmit/receive unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN200973090Y
CN200973090Y CNU200620100032XU CN200620100032U CN200973090Y CN 200973090 Y CN200973090 Y CN 200973090Y CN U200620100032X U CNU200620100032X U CN U200620100032XU CN 200620100032 U CN200620100032 U CN 200620100032U CN 200973090 Y CN200973090 Y CN 200973090Y
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antenna
wtru
mapping
antenna mapping
channel
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CNU200620100032XU
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Chinese (zh)
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车尹赫
爱尔戴德·莱尔
基斯·理查得·鲍尔温
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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InterDigital Technology Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G9/00—Working screws, bolt heads, or nuts in conjunction with thread cutting, e.g. slotting screw heads or shanks, removing burrs from screw heads or shanks; Finishing, e.g. polishing, any screw-thread
    • B23G9/009—Thread cleaning or repairing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G5/00—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads
    • B23G5/02—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads without means for adjustment
    • B23G5/04—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
    • B23G7/00—Forming thread by means of tools similar both in form and in manner of use to thread-cutting tools, but without removing any material
    • B23G7/02—Tools for this purpose
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)

Abstract

A method and apparatus for selecting an antenna mapping in multiple-in/multiple-out (MIMO) enabled wireless communication networks. A candidate set of currently available antenna mappings is determined based upon measured long term channel conditions. An antenna mapping is selected from the candidate set, and the mapping is calibrated with a selected antenna mapping of a receiving wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). When the selected mappings are calibrated, packet data transmission begins. In an alternative embodiment, a calibration training frame (CTF) is used to calibrate multiple antenna mappings simultaneously or sequentially. Also disclosed are physical layer and medium access control layer frame formats for implementing antenna mapping selection according to the invention.

Description

Wireless transmission/the receiving element of optimization antenna mapping multiple-input, multiple-output
Technical field
The utility model is usually relevant for using multiple-input, multiple-output (multiple in-multiple out, MIMO) wireless communication system of technology.Particularly, the utility model is relevant for selecting an optimization that can reach the multiple-input, multiple-output of multiple antenna array to transmit setting.
Background technology
Compare with the device that only has single antenna, have a plurality of antennas, and these a plurality of antennas provide the advantage of more transmission and reception with the radio communication device that disperses configuration to arrange.No matter the criterion of disperseing is at any time, all by there being the antenna of preferably collecting mail to be responsible for transmitting or receiving, this device with distributing antenna has the antenna of a plurality of entities, yet, wherein have only one group of electronic circuit to be used for processing signals, this group electronic circuit is called rf chain.
Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) wireless technology is utilized a plurality of rf chains exactly, to improve original distributing antenna, each rf chain can be synchronous reception or transmission, this makes the negative effect that multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) devices can reach higher throughput and eliminate a plurality of passage interference.In an emitter, each rf chain is responsible for transmitting a spatial flow, and a single frame can be opened, and is multiplexing by a plurality of spatial flows then, reconfigures on receiver again.
Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) are one of most promising technology in wireless communication field.With the traditional intelligence antenna technology reduce a plurality of passages decline unfavorable phenomenon and to increase stablizing of single data flow different, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology is utilized the decline of a plurality of passages, with synchronous driving and receive a plurality of data flow, the ability of multiple-input, multiple-output in theory, (MIMO) system is grown up with the quantity of transmission and reception antenna is linear.Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology is adopted by a plurality of RFDC standards, divides many yards (WCDMA) such as IEEE802.11n, location, 3GPP broadband.
When carrying out multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technology, wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) can be in space multiplexing mode or the operation of spatial dispersion pattern.In space multiplexing mode, wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) transmits the throughput of a plurality of independent data stream with maximum data, and under the spatial dispersion pattern, wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) transmits single data flow by a plurality of antennas.Pattern on operation is decided, and wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) is configured to selects a suitable quality rhythm or the combination of the quality rhythm, is selecting a required beam combination and can utilize.The channel matrix H that can obtain a representative m * N is as follows:
H = h Aa · · · h Na · · · · · · h Am · · · h Nm
Wherein, the subscript of each unit h represents to be attributable to the antenna a at wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) A that transmits ... the antenna a of wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) N of m and reception ... the contribution of each the antenna mapping between the m.
A wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU) can obtain a calibration matrix K by similar mode.In the field of WLAN, calibration has comprised at each antenna and each time on the carrier wave basis, calculate one group of plural correction coefficient when increasing the base band stream that transmits wireless transmission/receiving element (WTRU), it can be balanced in the difference in response distance (number that surpasses antenna up to a uncertain constant) that transmits and receive between treatment channel.
With reference to Fig. 1, channel calibration signal Figure 100 of a prior art as shown in the figure.Wireless transmission/the receiving element (Tx WTRU) 110 of one emission at first needs to calibrate the channel between the wireless transmission/receiving element (Rx WTRU) 120 that is present in reception.Tx WTRU 110 transmits a calibration training frames 131 to Rx WTRU 120, and Rx WTRU 120 surveys entity Packet Data Unit (PPDU) 132 by emission one and responds.110 couples of this channel calculation one channel estimating H133 of Tx WTRU1 are H (2 → 1), and Tx WTRU 110 transmits an adjustments responsive 134, and it comprises this channel estimating H (2 → 1).Afterwards, Rx WTRU 120 passes through Tx WTRU 110 emissions one CTF135, and carries out channel estimating.And Tx WTRU 110 emissions one are surveyed entity Packet Data Unit (PPDU) 136 as responding.Rx WTRU 120 calculates a channel estimating H (1 → 2), and is that channel 137 calculates calibration matrix K (1 → 2) and K (2 → 1).Rx WTRU 120 then transmits an adjustments responsive 138 and gives Tx WTRU 110, comprises calibration matrix K (1 → 2) in the adjustments responsive.It should be noted that calibration matrix K (1 → 2) then is used on the TxWTRU1 110 as baseband gain or phase correction factor to Rx WTRU 120 emissions.Calibration matrix K (2 → 1) is used on the Rx WTRU 120 as baseband gain or phase correction factor to Tx WTRU 110 emissions.So far, this channel has been calibrated and has finished and prepared packet switching.
In order to begin the exchange of packet, Rx WTRU 120 is given in Tx WTRU 110 emissions one request 139, and it is responded by the entity Packet Data Unit PPDU140 that transmits modulation and code scheme.Tx WTRU 110 usefulness calibration matrix K (1 → 2) are to calculate a gating matrix V, packet data exchanged 142 beginnings.
Prior art is not considered the use of intelligent antenna technology.Smart antenna is that wave beam forms by it, is a kind of signal processing technology, uses with conveyer or receiver array and controls the direction or the sensitivity of radiation pattern.When receiving a signal, wave beam forms the gain that can increase on this signal transmission direction.When wave beam forms antenna and multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) when combining, available antenna mapping amount is understood the increase of dramatization.
When wave beam formed antenna package and is contained in wireless transmission/receiving element, available antenna mapping amount can become very many.For the communication link between two wireless transmission/receiving elements of optimization, be necessary all that at reflector and receiver two ends the antenna of selecting to be fit to shines upon.
Therefore, there are being a plurality of wave beams to form in the wireless multiple-input, multiple-output device of antenna, effectively using the method and apparatus of a plurality of antenna mappings that get to want to be obtained.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind ofly to go into more/have more wireless transmission/receiving element, can effectively solve the problem of not considering to use intelligent antenna technology to increase the antenna mapping amount and deriving.
The utility model relate to a kind of be used to select the antenna mapping go into more/have more wireless transmission/receiving element, wherein the antenna mapping is the combination of single antenna wave beam and single rf chain.A plurality of antennas are to couple with the beam selection device, and in a plurality of antenna at least one have the ability that wave beam forms.A plurality of rf chains also couple with described beam selection device.Correcting unit and described beam selection device couple, be used to carry out the channel correction of selected antenna mapping, correcting unit is preferably and comprises a processor and a memory, wherein processor is to be used for that calculating channel is estimated and the processor of calibrated matrix, memory then be used for storing channel estimating and as calculated correction matrix be stored in memory for later use.The beam selection device is the channel conditions that is configured to based on through measuring, by a single rf chain being coupled to a single antenna wave beam to select antenna mapping.
By the disclosed wireless transmission/receiving element of going into/have more more of the present utility model, can overcome the problem of not considering in the prior art to use intelligent antenna technology to increase the antenna mapping amount and deriving, a kind of by what the utility model proposed simultaneously at wireless multiple-input, multiple-output device with a plurality of wave beams formation antennas, can more effectively use the method and apparatus of a plurality of antennas mappings that get.
Description of drawings
The above-mentioned utility model content and the detailed description of following the utility model preferred embodiment can be clear with reference to the accompanying drawings and more.Wherein accompanying drawing is:
Fig. 1 is the channel calibration of prior art and the signal graph of packet data transmission;
Fig. 2 is for selecting the method flow diagram of antenna mapping according to a preferred embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is for comprising system's block diagram of an AP and a WTRU according to the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the signal timing diagram of channel calibration and packet data transmission, and wherein being to use with the utility model is the based antenna mapping;
Fig. 5 is used to implement calibration training frames (CTF) the PPDU frame format figure that the mapping of the utility model antenna is selected;
Fig. 6 is used to implement the sounding PPDU frame format figure that the mapping of the utility model antenna is selected; And
Fig. 7 is used to implement the sounding PPDU mac frame format chart that the mapping of the utility model antenna is selected.
Embodiment
Though feature of the present utility model and element are to describe in the preferred embodiment with particular combinations, but each feature or element all can use (other features or the element of no preferred embodiment) separately, or different combinations are arranged having or do not have under other features of the present utility model or the situation of element.
In following content, wireless transmission receiving element (WTRU) comprises, but is not limited to user's equipment, mobile radio station, fixed or portable subscriber unit or the device of other kenels that can operate under wireless environment.When M access point (AP) when reading following content comprises, still be not limited to Node B, positioner, base station, or the interfare device of other kenels that can under wireless communications environment, operate.Said, term " antenna mapping " refers to specific combination of antennas, or an antenna beam that forms antenna by the wave beam of a specific RF processing chain.
See also Fig. 2, it is the method 200 that the based antenna mapping is selected with the utility model that Fig. 2 has presented one.A WTRU is from effectively selecting an antenna mapping, (step 210) in the Candidate Set of antenna mapping at present.Whether this WTRU determines selected antenna mapping through calibration, (step 220).If decision is not calibration of selected antenna mapping, then this WTRU calibrates selected antenna mapping (step 230).It should be noted that the antenna mapping calibration of crossing with calibration in advance may become invalid.The below calibration of the selected antenna mapping of discussion that will be more detailed.Then, whether this WTRU decision receiver WTRU has changed its antenna mapping, (step 240).Changed its antenna mapping if receive WTRU, just in needs, get back to the step 210 of method so so that select a new emitter antenna mapping.Change its antenna mapping if determine receiver WTRU, emission WTRU brings into use selected and antenna through calibrating shines upon and carries out packet data transmission, (step 250).Method is got back to step 210, therefore launches WTRU and changes its antenna mapping.
See also Fig. 3, Fig. 3 has presented one and has comprised a WTRU310 and WTRU320 and be used to carry out the wireless communication system 300 that antenna mapping of the present utility model is selected.In following content, the utility model connects according to receiving the following chain transmission of WTRU320 from an emission WTRU310 to and does explanation.Yet, the utility model can be applicable to cochain or down chain transmit both, wherein WTRU310 or WTRU320 first base station, or in order to organize structure, WTRU310 directly and WTRU320 in special or netted networking, communicate.
WTRU310 comprises two RF chain 312A, 312B, and a beam selection device 314, a plurality of antenna 316A-316n, and an alignment unit 318, wherein n is the arbitrary integer greater than 1.In this one exemplary embodiment, antenna 316A-316n can be used for producing multiple wave beam.WTRU320 comprises two RF chain 322A, 322B, and a beam selection device 324, a plurality of antenna 326A-326m, wherein m is the arbitrary integer greater than 1.With regard to WTRU 320, be to select beam combination, so that carry out the MIMO transmission and receive according to the utility model method described in the earlier figures 2 200 through the beam selection device.The control signal that selected antenna mapping is exported according to beam selection device 324 is used for transmission and receives.Beam selection device 324 is produced and is stored in the quality rhythm wherein and selected specific beam combination based on alignment unit 328, below will further specify related content.The assembly of WTRU of the present utility model can and to an integrated circuit (IC) or can be located in the circuit that comprises a plurality of mutual connection assemblies.Will be appreciated that preferred embodiment comprises two RF chains, only be for convenience of description, and any amount of chain all can use.
In order to simplify, Fig. 3 has drawn and has been provided with emission WTRU 310 that wave beam forms antenna and receives WTRU320, two respectively produce three wave beams.Yet the described configuration of Fig. 3 is a kind of example and unrestricted.Can use antenna kenel combination, or can use and be not that wave beam forms or wave beam switches the antenna of kenel with any number of beams.
Antenna can be switched parasitic antenna (SPAs), the phase array antenna, or the direction wave beam of any kenel forms antenna.SPA is very small and exquisite dimensionally, thereby suitable WLAN device.If use SPA, may use combining of single active antenna element and or how passive antenna element so.By adjusting the use of passive antenna element, the antenna beam pattern can pass through and adjust, and can be linked to the switch group of antenna element and implement adjustment through control.Alternately, antenna can be made up of multiple antenna, and described multiple antenna can all be an omnidirectional antenna.For instance, three omnidirectional antennas with selected physical space can be at each antennas of antenna 326A-326m and are employed, and omnidirectional antenna can be opened or close according to the control signal of sending from beam selection device 324, advances to define different beam combination.
In order to illustrate, see also Fig. 3.Reflector WTRU310 (also being called Tx WTRU at this) comprises two RF chains, 312A and 312B.Beam selection device 314 is coupled to RF chain 312A, 312B with several omnidirectional antennas 316A-316n.So the possible antenna mapping amount of reflector WTRU 310 is n times of RF chain quantity.Receiver WTRU 320 (also claiming Rx WTRU at this) also comprises two RF chains, 322A and 322B.As mentioned above, in this simple one exemplary embodiment, each wave beam forms antenna 3126A-326m all can form three direction wave beams.Therefore, the antenna mapping amount of receiver WTRU 120 be the RF chain number of beams m doubly.The institute that can use in arbitrary cell site might be called " superset " by the antenna mapping set, and the size of superset is then with N SupersetExpression.N SupersetMay be very big, and in fact it may use all effective antenna mappings at special time.
A candidate collection is the subclass of a super set, simultaneously also is to can be used to select one of the antenna mapping in the time and compile any giving.The preferably, the size of described candidate collection is to be limited in 8 to 32 antenna mappings.A candidate collection is not static, but should it be dynamically and can change the channel condition that is changed with reflection along with the time.For example, one is transmitted base station described channel condition can be continuous or periodic monitoring all antenna mappings in present candidate collection, if and measured channel condition fails to meet a predetermined threshold in the scheduled time, described candidate collection can be revised in described transmission base station, and this can be by abandoning the mapping of several antennas and indicating several new antennas mappings and/or several antennas mappings of being retained in the described candidate collection are reached from present candidate collection.In addition, in the high speed mobile applications, described candidate collection can reduce or the selection of an antenna mapping can all stop.
In preferred embodiment of the present utility model, a WTRU 310 can select any antenna mapping from described candidate collection, and the selection of this kind antenna mapping is based on long-time judgment criterion.Therefore, when not carrying out each package channel tracking, quick variation or its micro-structural that the selection of an antenna mapping can't be followed the trail of a channel.And should it should be noted that any change in the described antenna mapping of described candidate collection is to take place in any active transmission of data packet or the outside of reception.
Please continue with reference to figure 3, during operation, at the alignment unit 318 that receives WTRU 310 is to measure one in each antenna beam in candidate collection at present or the combination of antennas to select the quality metric, and exports a quality metric measurement data to described beam selection device 314.Described beam selection device 314 is measured according to described quality metric a required antenna mapping is selected in the data communication that has described reception WTRU 320.Described alignment unit 318 also can produce the sound requirement where necessary with cycle (or irregularly) calibration, promptly calibrates training frames, and in response to alignment requirements sounding PPDUs.Described alignment unit 318 comprises a processor and a memory, wherein said processor is in order to calculating a channel estimate matrix and a calibration matrix based on the sounding package that is received, and described memory is in order to store channel estimate matrix and calibration matrix.Described alignment unit 318 is preferably carries out signalling and the citation be compatible to ieee standard, the standard of IEEE802.11 series for example, and major part is preferably IEEE 802.11n standard.
Various quality metrics can be used for judging required antenna mapping, as physical layer (PHY), MAC layer (MAC) or more the upper strata metric all is fit to.The better quality metric includes but not limited to the intensity of the eigenvalue of maximum of channel estimating, noise and interference ratio (SNIR), received signal volume indicator (RSSI), short-term data output variable, packet error, data transfer rate, WTRU operator scheme, receive channel evaluating matrix, or other fellows.
Please refer to the method 200 that the described antenna mapping of Fig. 2 is selected, the signal sequence chart 400 that the antenna mapping is selected then is to be presented among Fig. 4.At first, a Tx WTRU 410 uses antenna mapping p to transmit 430 to Rx WTRU 420 of a sounding PPDU.Described Tx WTRU 410 passes a calibration of speed training frames 432 subsequently and requires calibration.Described Rx WTRU 420 is to use antenna mapping χ now, and uses antenna mapping χ to send with a sounding PPDU 434 and respond described CTF 432.The antenna mapping of described Tx WTRU410 to using in described Tx WTRU 410 and described Rx WTRU 420 promptly is respectively antenna mapping p and antenna mapping χ, carries out channel estimating.Calculate a signal evaluation matrix, be H (χ → p).Described Tx WTRU 410 transmits a calibration that comprises described calculating channel assessment and responds 438.Next, the CTF 440 that described Rx WTRU 420 transmits itself gives described Tx WTRU 410, and described Tx WTRU 410 responds with a sounding PPDU 442.Described Rx WTRU 420 uses described sounding PPDU 442 to remove to calculate a channel estimating H, and (p → χ) and the calibration matrix of the antenna of selecting at present mapping, promptly ((χ → p) 444 for p → χ) and K for K.Described Rx WTRU 420 transmits a calibration subsequently and responds 446 and give described Tx WTRU 410, and it comprises the channel calibration matrix relevant with described Tx WTRU 410, i.e. K (p → χ).Antenna mapping p → χ is calculating 448 now.
These WTRU optionally use described calibration channel to begin a data packet-switched subsequently.Described Tx WTRU 410 transmits one and transmits requirement (TRQ) 450 to described Rx WTRU 420, and described Rx WTRU 420 uses antenna mapping χ to send response with a sounding PPDU 452.(p → χ) 454 calculates one and controls matrix V described TxWTRU 410, and therefore packet data transmission 456 produces according to described calibration matrix K subsequently.
For various different reasons, as the change of channel condition, as use a channel quality metric measure or as described in WTRU 1 mobility wherein, for example: described Rx WTRU 420 change antenna mappings to y 458, determine whether antenna mapping p → y is calibrated by χ subsequently.In this exemplary embodiment, described antenna mapping p → y is not before through calibration, and therefore calibration needs.Described Tx WTRU 410 transmits a sounding PPDU 460 in antenna mapping p, and CTF 462 subsequently.And described RxWTRU 420 uses an antenna mapping y to respond with a sounding PPDU 464.And channel estimating H (y → p) 466 produces in described Tx WTRU 410, and calibration is responded 468 and comprised described channel estimating and be transmitted.Described Rx WTRU 420 requires calibration 470 subsequently, and described Tx WTRU 410 is obedient to a sounding PPDU 472.(((y → p) 474 for p → y) and K for p → y) and calibration matrix K for described Rx WTRU 420 calculating channels assessment H.A calibration is responded 476 and is sent to described Tx WTRU 410 subsequently, and it comprises the calibration matrix relevant with described Tx WTRU 410.Described antenna mapping p → y is calibrated and is prepared for data packet exchange 478 now.
Described data packet exchange is to respond and exist with the sounding PPDU 482 that described Tx WTRU 410 requires sounding 480 and described RxWTRU 420 to use antenna mapping y to transmit subsequently.And one controlled matrix V and be based on described calibration matrix K (p → y) calculate, and therefore packet data transmission 486 produces.
In another embodiment, the multiple antenna mapping calculating of generation in regular turn is early than transmission of data packets.Similar calibrating signal 430 to 448 is to be presented among Fig. 4, and one receives WTRU and can use selection to respond to CTF from the multiple antenna mapping of its present candidate collection.The result calibrates metric and can store to be used for following reference.For example: one is transmitted WTRU and can select antenna mapping f and transmit a CTF and calibrate requiring for described receptions WTRU.Described reception WTRU can one after the other use each antenna mapping q, the r and the s that are selected from its at present available candidate collection to respond with a sounding PPDU.Transmit WTRU and calibrate described channel respective antenna mapping f → q, f → r and f → s, and store described calibration metric in memory before early than packet data transmission, to be used for following reference.If a reception WTRU changes its antenna and is mapped as for example antenna mapping r, described transmission WTRU can capture suitable calibration matrix and need not carry out calibration once again and the beginning transmission of data packets from memory.
In addition, the calibration of multiple antenna mapping can parallelly produce (side by side promptly) and uses to reduce and send signal.In this embodiment, single sounding PPSU transmits WTRU by one and transmits by using selected antenna mapping (as antenna mapping b).A reception WTRU has at present available antenna mapping t, u and v, and it can use each antenna mapping t, u and v to remove to respond described single sounding PPSU, and a calibration matrix calculates each antenna mapping b → t, b → u and b → v.Under this rule, required calibrating signal can reduce to use and reduce calibration delay and increase output variable.
In an alternate embodiment, wherein wireless communication system is to be obedient to IEEE 802.x standard, and sounding PPDU comprises modulation control sequence (MCS) potential field.This MCS potential field is a MAC message elements (IE), and described MAC message elements is pointed out present reception WTRU antenna mapping Candidate Set size and received present selected antenna mapping on the WTRU.The length of preferable MAC potential field is for having 5 positions.Optionally, the MAC potential field comprises a position ' running length indicator ', and it is permitted an emission WTRU and requires to receive its own mapping of antenna at present Candidate Set of WTRU change.
For instance, if an emission WTRU can't find the antenna mapping that meets quality requirements on receiver, launch WTRU so and may require to receive WTRU change antenna-path Candidate Set.In this case, can change its Candidate Set if receive WTRU, it can show that it will use new MAC management frames and the antenna that changes it shines upon Candidate Set immediately.
When an emission WTRU wishes to change at various possible causes its Candidate Set (for example, if launch WTRU can't find the quality requirements that satisfies it in present Candidate Set antenna mapping), emission WTRU can represent a Candidate Set is changed over reception WTRU by sending a MAC management frames.Emission WTRU then can change its antenna mapping Candidate Set immediately, and selects a suitable antenna mapping from the mapping of new Candidate Set, so that transmit.
Alternately, emission WTRU may require to receive WTRU and stops its antenna mapping fully.This generic request can be put the reception WTRU in PPDU except that book.Reception is accompanied by the PPDU of requirement, receives WTRU and can or can't observe this requirement.But the reception WTRU of mat in sounding PPDU represents to observe.Wherein receive WTRU and observe this requirement, the present selection antenna mapping change on reception WTRU is static or changes.
See also Fig. 5, Fig. 5 has presented the PPDU frame format figure of calibration training frames (CTF) PPDU500 of the utility model embodiment.It should be noted that the frame format in Fig. 5 meets IEEE 802.11n standard, the utility model is applicable to any ieee standard.For channel calibration, CTF is the transmission that is used to require from the sounding package that receives WTRU.CTF PPDU 500 has legal Short Training field (L-STF) 510, the normal training place of high throughput (HT-LTF) 520 high throughput signal fields (HT-SIG) 530 thereafter, and data fields 540.The form of L-STF 510 is identical with the form of legal (pre-802.11n) Short Training field.HT-LTF 520 is defined fields in 802.11n PHY, and is to train and use according to the MIMO transmission.HT-SIG 530 is defined fields in 802.11n, and points out the size of selected modulation and code plan and MAC service data unit (MSDC).MCS field 535 comprises with calibration and antenna mapping selects relevant information, for example: the indication of 1 employed selection antenna mapping in the transmission of PPDU; 2) to whole Candidate Set sounding series connection or requirement indication in parallel; 3) requirement changes the indication of Candidate Set size; 4) require to upgrade the running length position that the antenna that receives WTRU shines upon Candidate Set; And 5) require to receive WTRU and temporarily keep the indication that the antenna mapping is selected.
Consult Fig. 6, Fig. 6 has presented a sounding PPDU 600 frame format figure.Again, when it should be noted that working as the frame format of being painted meets IEEE 802.11n standard, the utility model is still applicable to any ieee standard.Sounding PPDU 600 has legal Short Training field (L-STF) 610, the normal training place of high throughput (HT-LTF) 615, high throughput signal field (HT-SIG) 620, modulation and control sequence (MCS) field 625, a plurality of extra HT-LTFs 630 thereafter 1To 630 NAnd data fields 635.HT-SIG 6200 comprises two positions of having indicated the Candidate Set size and points out among the PPDU five positions of long training place (HT-LTFs) the 630 total quantity N of high throughput that comprised.Therefore, for each the antenna mapping in the Candidate Set, a HT-LTF may be located among this PPDU.Be preferably, as mentioned above, candidate length can be as small as 1 or greatly to 32.Each HT-LTF among the described HT-LTFs in this PPDU (615 and 630) is to use the different antennae mapping that is selected from the Candidate Set and transmits.A HT-LTF 615 who is used for transmitting and antenna mapping and data fields 635 the same can the pointing out selected in MCS field 625.The MCS field also can comprise other positions so that point out: 1) gripping/release (HOLD/RELEASE) requirement is selected in the mapping of the continuation antenna in receiving station; 2) respond that previous gripping/releases (HOLD/RELEASE) that receives requires and gripping/release (HOLD/RELEASE) affirmation that the antenna mapping made changes; 3) confirmation request that in the calibration training frames (CTF) that all Candidate Sets are searched, receives in advance earlier; And 4) confirmation request that is used for changing the Candidate Set size and receives in advance at CTF.
Consult Fig. 7, Fig. 7 has drawn the mac frame form 700 of the sounding PPDU Frame of Fig. 6.The MAC field comprises frame controlling filed 705, continues/ID field 710 receiver address (RA) field 715, emitter address (TA) field 720, MAC service data unit (MSDU) field 725, and frame inspection (FCS) field 730.In an embodiment of the present utility model, MSDU 725 can comprise gripping/releases (HOLD/RELEASE) affirmation that the antenna mapping pointing out to make in response to previous gripping/releases (HOLD/RELEASE) that receives requires changes, as above-mentioned reference Fig. 5 and MCS field 535 described contents.Upgrade by reducing Candidate Set, calibration and relevant signal send and also may thereby reduce and increased throughput.
Though feature of the present utility model and element all are described in preferred embodiment with specific compound mode, but each feature or element also can use alone in other combinations that do not have other features of the utility model or element, or use in other combinations, or in other combinations that do not have other features of the utility model or element, use with other features of the present utility model and element.

Claims (5)

  1. One kind be used to select the antenna mapping go into more/have more wireless transmission/receiving element, wherein said antenna is mapped as the combination of single antenna wave beam and single rf chain, it is characterized in that described wireless transmission/receiving element comprises:
    A plurality of antennas, it comprises that at least one wave beam forms antenna;
    One beam selection device, itself and described a plurality of antenna couple;
    A plurality of rf chains, itself and described beam selection device couple and are used for signal processing; And
    One alignment unit, itself and described beam selection device couple, and configuration is used for the measured channel situation and calibrates a channel;
    Wherein, described beam selection device is the channel conditions that is configured to based on through measuring, by a single rf chain being coupled to a single antenna wave beam to select antenna mapping.
  2. 2. wireless transmission/receiving element according to claim 1 is characterized in that described alignment unit comprises:
    One processor is configured to measure and calibrate a channel estimating based on channel conditions, and is configured to based on calculating once calibration matrix through the calibration channel estimated matrix; And
    One memory, it is used to store channel estimate matrix and the calibration matrix that is calculated.
  3. 3. wireless transmission/receiving element according to claim 2 is characterized in that described alignment unit also disposes and is used for calibrating the mapping of a plurality of antennas and described calibration matrix as calculated is stored in memory for later use.
  4. 4. wireless transmission/receiving element according to claim 1 is characterized in that described alignment unit also is configured to adjust based on the long-term channel measurement candidate antenna mapping set, to be used for the selection by described wireless transmission/receiving element.
  5. 5. wireless transmission/receiving element according to claim 1 is characterized in that described alignment unit also disposes the calibration matrix that is used to calculate once selecting the antenna mapping.
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